Magnesium

H250: Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air [Danger Pyrophoric liquids]

H260: In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously [Danger Substances and mixtures which in contact with water, emit flammable gases]

P210, P222, P223, P231, P231+P232, P233, P280, P302+P335+P334, P370+P378, P402+P404, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 18.4% (405 of 2205) of reports.

H228 (44.9%): Flammable solid [Danger Flammable solids]

H250 (36.5%): Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air [Danger Pyrophoric liquids]

H252 (18%): Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire [Warning Self-heating substances and mixtures]

H260 (36.7%): In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously [Danger Substances and mixtures which in contact with water, emit flammable gases]

H261 (44.8%): In contact with water releases flammable gas [Danger Substances and mixtures which in contact with water, emit flammable gases]

P210, P222, P223, P231, P231+P232, P233, P235, P240, P241, P280, P302+P335+P334, P370+P378, P402+P404, P407, P410, P413, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 2205 reports by companies from 27 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 405 of 2205 reports by companies.

There are 24 notifications provided by 1800 of 2205 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P261, P271, P304+P340, P319, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Not Classified

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P223, P231+P232, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P335+P334, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P402+P404, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Rinse mouth. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell.

EYES: flush with water to remove dust.

SKIN: treat as any puncture. (USCG, 1999)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 138 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable Gases)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: In case of contact with substance, wipe from skin immediately; flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· In case of contact with substance, wipe from skin immediately; flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Fire Extinguishing Agents Not to Be Used: Water, foam, halogenated agents, carbon dioxide.

Fire Extinguishing Agents: Inert dry powders (e.g., graphite, limestone, salt) (USCG, 1999)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 138 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable Gases)]:

DO NOT USE WATER OR FOAM.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or sand.

LARGE FIRE: DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime or withdraw from area and let fire burn. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING METALS OR POWDERS (ALUMINUM, LITHIUM, MAGNESIUM, ETC.): Use dry chemical, DRY sand, sodium chloride powder, graphite powder or class D extinguishers; in addition, for Lithium you may use Lith-X® powder or copper powder. Also, see ERG Guide 170.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use dry sand, special powder. NO water. NO other agents.

Use dry sand, special powder. NO hydrous agents, carbon dioxide, other agents.

Burning of magnesium cannot be extinguished with water, carbon dioxide, halons or nitrogen ..., and more important, if these agents are used in fire-fighting, the hazardous situation will become even more severe. The only agents that can be applied successfully are the noble gases or in some cases boron trifluoride.

To fight fire, operators & fire fighters can approach a magnesium fire to within a few feet if no moisture is present. Water & ordinary extinguishers, such as carbon dioxide & carbon tetrachloride should not be used on magnesium fires. G-1 powder or powdered talc should be used on open fires.

Use approved Class D extinguishers or smother with dry sand, dry clay, or dry ground limestone and dry graphite. DO NOT use carbon dioxide or halogenated extinguishing agents. DO NOT use water or foam.

Avoid looking at the intense white flame.

For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for MAGNESIUM, ELEMENTAL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.

Small Spill

· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.

· Dike for later disposal; do not apply water unless directed to do so.

Powder Spill

· Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading and keep powder dry.

· DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 138 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable Gases)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

Large Spill

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Remove all ignition sources. Consult an expert! Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered dry containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

Remove all ignition sources. Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Sweep spilled substance into covered dry containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

BUILDINGS IN WHICH MAGNESIUM IS CAST OR MACHINED SHOULD BE CONSTRUCTED, IF POSSIBLE, OF NON-FLAMMABLE MATERIALS AND WITHOUT LEDGES OR PROTRUBERANCES ON WHICH MAGNESIUM DUST MIGHT ACCUMULATE. THE ACCUMULATION OF SHAVINGS AND "SWARF" SHOULD BE PREVENTED, PREFERABLY BY WET SWEEPING. UNTIL FINAL DISPOSAL, THE SCRAPINGS SHOULD BE COLLECTED IN SMALL CONTAINERS AND PLACED APART AT SAFE INTERVALS. SAFEST METHOD FOR DISPOSAL OF MAGNESIUM WASTE IS PROBABLY WETTING & BURYING.

WHERE DUST-IGNITION PROOF ELECTRICIAL EQUIPMENT IS REQUIRED BY NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE, IT SHALL BE CLASS II, GROUP E EQUIPMENT.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Do not use water. Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Keep material dry. Do not attempt to sweep up dry material.

Personnel protection: Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for MAGNESIUM, ELEMENTAL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 138 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable Gases)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.

SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Dike for later disposal; do not apply water unless directed to do so.

POWDER SPILL: Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading and keep powder dry. DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Dry. Well closed. Separated from other incompatible materials.

Fireproof. Separated from other incompatible materials. Dry. Well closed.

Detached storage must be used for finely divided materials. Must be stored in a dry location. Isolate from halogens, acids, and oxidizing materials.

Molten magnesium must be protected by an atmosphere of some noncombustible gas such as sulfur dioxide to prevent ignition.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

12 [mg/m3]

130 [mg/m3]

790 [mg/m3]

· DO NOT USE WATER OR FOAM.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or sand.

Large Fire

· DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime or withdraw from area and let fire burn.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Metals or Powders (Aluminum, Lithium, Magnesium, etc.)

· Use dry chemical, DRY sand, sodium chloride powder, graphite powder or class D extinguishers; in addition, for Lithium you may use Lith-X® powder or copper powder. Also, see GUIDE 170.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

A nuisance-causing concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

The substance is irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract.

Lungs may be affected by repeated or prolongated exposure to dust particles.

Eye protection (USCG, 1999)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 138 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable Gases)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Those engaged in casting the metal should wear aprons and hand protection made of leather or some other suitable material to protect them against the "spatter" of small particles. Transparent face shields should also be worn as face protection especially for the eyes. Where workers are exposed to magnesium dust, contact lenses should not be worn and eye wash facilities should be immediately available. Workers machining or buffing the metal should wear overalls to which small fragments of the metal will not adhere. Sufficient local exhaust ventilation is also essential in areas where magnesium oxide fumes may develop, in addition to good general ventilation. Cutting tools should be sharp, as blunt ones may heat the metal to the point of ignition.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. NO contact with moisture or any other substances. PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST. Closed system, dust explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Prevent build-up of electrostatic charges (e.g., by grounding).

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. NO contact with water or any other substances.

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Magnesium appears as a light silvery metal. The more finely divided material reacts with water to liberate hydrogen, a flammable gas, though this reaction is not as vigorous as that of sodium or lithium with water. In finely divided forms is easily ignited. Burns with an intense white flame. Can be wax coated to render magnesium as nonreactive.

Magnesium powder appears as a light silvery colored powder.

Dry Powder; Other Solid; Large Crystals; CBI; Dry Powder; Large Crystals; Other Solid

Silvery solid; [CHRIS]

GREY POWDER.

SILVERY-WHITE METALLIC SOLID IN VARIOUS FORMS.

Silvery-white metal

Hexagonal crystal structure

2012 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

1100C (2012F)

1090 °C @760 [mm Hg]

1202 °F (USCG, 1999)

649C (1200F)

insoluble in cold water

INSOL IN COLD WATER, CHROMIUM TRIOXIDES; SOLUBLE IN MINERAL ACIDS

Insoluble but reactive in water, liberating hydrogen gas

Solubility in water: reaction

1.74 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.738 @ 20 °C

1.7 g/cm³

1.74 @25 °C

1.0 [mmHg]

1 Pa @ 428 °C

SLOWLY OXIDIZES IN MOIST AIR.

STABLE IN ORDINARY AIR, BUT STRONGLY ATTACKED BY AIR CONTAINING SALT SPRAY

883 °F (USCG, 1999)

883 °F (473 °C) for turnings; may be lower for finer forms

Violent decomposition with evolution of hydrogen chloride can occur when 1,1,1-trichloroethane comes into contact with magnesium or its alloys with aluminum.

1.25 cP @ melting point

Highly resistant

25.1 MJ/kg

5,272 kJ/kg @ 20 °C

563 dyn/cm @ 20 °C

Atomic number 12; valence 2; isotopes: 24 (78.99%); 25 (10.00%); 26 (11.01%)

Specific heat: 0.245 cal/g @ 20 °C; heat of fusion 88 cal/g; electrical resistivity: 4.46 uohm-cm; reduces carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide and nitrous oxide at a red heat; combines directly with nitrogen, sulfur, the halogens, phosphorus, and arsenic; reacts with methyl alcohol at 200 °C giving magnesium methylate

SOMEWHAT STRONGER & HARDER THAN ALUMINUM; CAN BE DRAWN OR ROLLED BETWEEN 250 & 475 °C; BELOW IT MAY CRACK, & ABOVE, IT MAY IGNITE

LIGHTEST STRUCTURAL METAL, BEING 40% LIGHTER THAN ALUMINUM; FORMS COMPOUNDS WITH A NUMBER OF ACIDS BUT IS NOT AFFECTED BY HYDROFLUORIC OR CHROMIC ACIDS

For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for MAGNESIUM, ELEMENTAL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

thermal expansion coefficient

electron-phonon coupling

Magnesium ribbon and fine magnesium shavings can be ignited at air temperatures of about 950 °F and very finely divided powder has been ignited at air temperatures below 900 °F. [Magnesium Standard 1967 p. 4]. May react slowly with water to liberate hydrogen, a flammable gas.

Pyrophoric in dust form [Bretherick 1979, p. 104]. MAGNESIUM POWDERS with more than 50% magnesium readily ignite in air [Lab. Gov. Chemist 1965]. Powdered magnesium reacts with water to liberate hydrogen, a flammable gas, though this reaction is not as vigorous as the reaction of sodium or lithium with water.

Metals, Elemental and Powder, Active

Strong Reducing Agent

Water-Reactive

Pyrophoric

CSL00060

ALUMINUM + CARBON TETRACHLORIDE + MAGNESIUM + CHLOROFORM

Potentially explosive in the presence of Mg or Al powder

Explosive

User-Reported

CSL00133

MAGNESIUM + 4-BROMOBENZOTRIFLUORIDE + DIETHYL ETHER

Explosion hazard

Grignard

http://pubs.acs.org/cen/safety/19970317.html

ACS Safety Letters

CSL00160

Zirconium tetrachloride + Magnesium

Reaction resulted in an explosion.

Not Available

Substance identification sources: Zirconium chloride (ZrCl4). CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=10026-11-6 (retrieved 2022-01-27) (CAS RN: 10026-11-6). Magnesium. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7439-95-4 (retrieved 2022-01-27) (CAS RN: 7439-95-4).

User Reported

01/27/2022

MAGNESIUM slowly oxidizes in moist air. Reacts very slowly with water at ordinary temperatures, less slowly at 100 °C. Reacts with aqueous solutions of dilute acids with liberation of hydrogen [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. In the presence of carbon, the combination of chlorine trifluoride with aluminum, copper, lead, magnesium, silver, tin, or zinc results in a violent reaction [Mellor 2, Supp. 1. 1956]. A mixture of powdered magnesium with trichloroethylene or with carbon tetrachloride will flash or spark under heavy impact [ASESB Pot. Incid, 39. 1968]. Stannic oxide, heated with magnesium explodes [Mellor 7:401. 1946-47]. When carbon dioxide gas is passed over a mixture of powdered magnesium and sodium peroxide, the mixture exploded [Mellor 2:490. 1946-47]. Powdered magnesium plus potassium (or sodium) perchlorate is a friction-sensitive mixture [Safety Eng. Reports. 1947]. An explosion occurred during heating of a mixture of potassium chlorate and magnesium [Chem. Eng. News 14:451. 1936]. Powdered magnesium can decompose performic acid violently [Berichte 48:1139. 1915]. A mixture of finely divided magnesium and nitric acid is explosive [Pieters 1957. p. 28]. Magnesium exposed to moist fluorine or chlorine is spontaneously flammable [Mellor 4:267. 1946-47].

MAGNESIUM POWDER with more than 50% magnesium readily ignites in air [Lab. Gov. Chemist 1965]. React with aqueous solutions of dilute acids with liberation of hydrogen. React violently with chlorine trifluoride in the presence of carbon [Mellor 2, Supp. 1. 1956]. Magnesium reacts with incandescence with copper, cadmium, cobalt, lead, nickel, and zinc cyanides [Mellor, 1940, Vol. 4, 271]. Magnesium explodes when heated with stannic oxide [Mellor 7:401 1946-47]. Powdered magnesium plus potassium or sodium perchlorate is a friction-sensitive explosive [Safety Eng. Reports 1947]. An explosion occurred during heating of a mixture of potassium chlorate and magnesium [Chem. Eng. News 14:451. 1936]. Powdered magnesium reacts violently with performic acid [Berichte 48:1139. 1915]. A mixture of finely divided magnesium and nitric acid is explosive [Pieters 1957. p 28]. Magnesium exposed to moist fluorine or chlorine is spontaneously flammable [Mellor 4:267. 1946-47].

Incompatible with ethylene oxide, metal oxosalts, oxidants, and potassium carbonate.

The mixture /of ammonium salts, chlorate salts & magnesium/ ignites when wet owing to formation of unstable ammonium chlorate, & combustion of the metal is very intense.

The temp at which massive magnesium & its alloys will ignite in air or carbon dioxide at 1 bar or 15 bar pressure depends on the heating program & the presence or absence of moisture. Steady progressive heating caused ignition in carbon dioxide at 900 °C (780 deg if moist), or at 800 °C after 4 hr (650 deg/ 40 min if moist), combustion being violent.

Fusion of /magnesium/ metal & /barium carbonate, water/ salt formed barium acetylide, to which water was added without effective cooling. The vigorous evolution of acetylene blew off the reactor lid & the hot acetylene ignited in air.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for MAGNESIUM, ELEMENTAL (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Hypermagnesemia: Serum Magnesium Concentration Greater than 2.6 mg/dL

Hypermagnesemia is a potential effect of administering magnesium. If too much magnesium is administered too quickly, hypermagnesemia may ensue. Symptoms include vasodilation causing flushing, hypotension, hyporeflexia, and respiratory depression. With a magnesium concentration above 6 mg/dL, electrocardiogram changes can consist of PR prolongation, widening of QRS, and peaked T waves. Cardiac arrest occurs whenever levels are above 15 mg/dL. Hypermagnesemia is less common than hypomagnesemia. The most significant cause of hypermagnesemia is renal failure causing increased retention of magnesium. It can also occur in the overuse of magnesium-containing laxatives and antacids. Treatment for hypermagnesemia includes calcium gluconate, diuresis, or dialysis. Maintaining circulatory and respiratory support for those with severe hypermagnesemia is important. Intravenous furosemide is the diuretic of choice, as it increases magnesium excretion.

Magnesium

Major ion

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of dust.

Cough. Sore throat. Shortness of breath.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Burning sensation in the mouth.

Burning sensation in the mouth and in the chest and stomach.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Adverse reactions are associated with magnesium’s effect on the neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems and can vary depending on the formulation. Effects can include the following:

Serious Adverse Events:

* Cardiovascular collapse

* Respiratory depression or paralysis

* Hypothermia

* Depressed cardiac function

* Pulmonary edema

Common Adverse Events:

* Flushing

* Hypotension

* Vasodilation

* Impaired reflexes

* Abdominal pain

* Diarrhea

* Flatulence

* Nausea/vomiting

* Respiratory depression

* Electrolyte disorders (hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia)

* Hypermagnesemia

Hypermagnesemia can be a serious adverse event, particularly regarding cardiology effects; see the Toxicity section for more information.

Magnesium toxicity can be counteracted with calcium infusion.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ May be irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Avoid looking at the intense white flame.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ THE MOST SERIOUS HAZARD PRESENTED BY MAGNESIUM IS THE DANGER FROM BURNS.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ CONJUNCTIVITIS & NASAL CATARRAH WERE COMPLAINED OF BY SOME OF 96 WORKERS...IN PRODUCTION OF MAGNESIUM FROM MAGNESITE... THERE IS NO EVIDENCE THAT INHALATION OF MAGNESIUM DUST HAS LED TO LUNG INJURY. COMPLAINTS OF COUGHING UP DISCOLORED SPUTUM...MADE BY SOME WORKERS IN PRINTING TRADE WHERE FINE DUST WAS GENERATED.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Direct contact may cause irritation of skin, eyes, respiratory system.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for MAGNESIUM, ELEMENTAL (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ FINELY DIVIDED METALLIC MAGNESIUM INTRODUCED INTO THE LUNGS OF GUINEA PIGS BY INTRATRACHEAL TUBE SHOWED MICROSCOPIC VACUOLES WITHIN CYTOPLASM OF MONONUCLEAR CELLS PROJECTING FROM SURFACES OF ALVEOLAR WALLS; THESE WERE REGARDED AS SPECIFIC EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN. HEALING OCCURRED WITHIN 6 WK WITH NO EVIDENCE OF RESIDUAL FIBROSIS.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ APPLICATION OF MG POWDER TO ABRADED /skin/ SURFACES GAVE INFLAMMATORY REACTION WITH MUCH MORE EXUDATE & ENCRUSTATION THAN THAT CAUSED BY A LOW-MAGNESIUM ALLOY OR BY ALUMINUM.

Environmental effects of the substance have been adequately investigated, but no significant effects have been found.

MAGNESIUM DOES NOT EXIST IN A PURE STATE IN NATURE BUT IS GENERALLY FOUND IN ONE OF THE FOLLOWING FORMS: DOLOMITE...MAGNESITE...BRUCITE...PERICLASE...CARNALLITE...KIERSITE. IN ADDITION, IT IS FOUND AS A SILICATE IN ASBESTOS & TALC. ...WIDELY DISTRIBUTED.

ONE OF MOST COMMON ELEMENTS IN EARTH'S CRUST: 27,640 PPM. ... FOUND NATURALLY ONLY IN FORM OF ITS COMPD IN MAGNESITE, CARNALLITE, DOLOMITE [CaMg(CO3)2], EPSOMITE, KIESERITE & OTHER MINERALS; FOUND IN SEA-WATER; UNDERGROUND NATURAL BRINES AND SALT DEPOSISTS. ESSENTIAL NUTRIENT FOR MOST PLANT AND ANIMAL LIFE.

The incidence of cancer mortality was studied in a cohort of 2391 male workers producing magnesium metal. Exposure to irritative dust or fumes had occurred frequently in the mortality categories. The highest incidence of lung cancer were found in those who were employed at the plant the longest.

... Fine particles of magnesium dispersed in air during trimming, filing, or buffing of castings may cause irritation to mucous membranes.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

BUILDINGS IN WHICH MAGNESIUM IS CAST OR MACHINED SHOULD BE CONSTRUCTED, IF POSSIBLE, OF NON-FLAMMABLE MATERIALS AND WITHOUT LEDGES OR PROTRUBERANCES ON WHICH MAGNESIUM DUST MIGHT ACCUMULATE. THE ACCUMULATION OF SHAVINGS AND "SWARF" SHOULD BE PREVENTED, PREFERABLY BY WET SWEEPING. UNTIL FINAL DISPOSAL, THE SCRAPINGS SHOULD BE COLLECTED IN SMALL CONTAINERS AND PLACED APART AT SAFE INTERVALS. SAFEST METHOD FOR DISPOSAL OF MAGNESIUM WASTE IS PROBABLY WETTING & BURYING.

/GUIDE 138: SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE (EMITTING FLAMMABLE GASES)/ Fire or Explosion: Produce flammable gases on contact with water. May ignite on contact with water or moist air. Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. Some are transported in highly flammable liquids. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. /Magnesium; Magnesium, in pellets, turnings or ribbons; Magnesium alloys, with more than 50% Magnesium, in pellets, turnings or ribbons/

/GUIDE 138: SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE (EMITTING FLAMMABLE GASES)/ Health: Inhalation or contact with vapors, substance, or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. May produce corrosive solutions on contact with water. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. /Magnesium; Magnesium, in pellets, turnings or ribbons; Magnesium alloys, with more than 50% Magnesium, in pellets, turnings or ribbons/

/GUIDE 138: SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE (EMITTING FLAMMABLE GASES)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meter (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate the area before entry. /Magnesium; Magnesium, in pellets, turnings or ribbons; Magnesium alloys, with more than 50% Magnesium, in pellets, turnings or ribbons/

/GUIDE 138: SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE (EMITTING FLAMMABLE GASES)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Magnesium; Magnesium, in pellets, turnings or ribbons; Magnesium alloys, with more than 50% Magnesium, in pellets, turnings or ribbons/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for MAGNESIUM, ELEMENTAL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1869; Magnesium or magnesium alloys with more than 50% magnesium in pellets, turnings or ribbons

UN 1418; Magnesium, powder or magnesium alloys, powder.

IMO 4.1; Magnesium or magnesium alloys with more than 50% magnesium in pellets, turnings or ribbons

IMO 4.3; Magnesium, powder or magnesium alloys, powder.

49 164 43; Magnesium granules coated, particle size not less than 149 microns, magnesium metal or magnesium metal alloy, powdered, nec

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Solid

Dangerous When Wet Spontaneously Combustible

Airtight.

H250; H260

Symbol: F; R: 11-15; S: (2)-7/8-43

UN Hazard Class: 4.3; UN Subsidiary Risks: 4.2; UN Pack Group: I, II, III

UN Hazard Class: 4.1; UN Pack Group: III