nickel

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H372 **: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P270, P272, P280, P302+P352, P318, P319, P321, P333+P317, P362+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P270, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P318, P319, P321, P333+P317, P362+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.1% (5 of 4778) of reports.

H317 (99.9%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H334 (10.3%): May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled [Danger Sensitization, respiratory]

H341 (13.5%): Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350 (22.5%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H351 (72.9%): Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H360F (18%): May damage fertility [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

H372 (99.7%): Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H412 (47.2%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P233, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P302+P352, P304+P340, P318, P319, P321, P333+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P403, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 4778 reports by companies from 86 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 5 of 4778 reports by companies.

There are 84 notifications provided by 4773 of 4778 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H250 (100%): Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air [Danger Pyrophoric liquids]

H317 (100%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H351 (100%): Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H372 (100%): Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H411 (100%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P222, P231, P233, P260, P261, P264, P270, P272, P273, P280, P302+P335+P334, P302+P352, P318, P319, P321, P333+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

The GHS information provided by 1 company from 1 notification to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Not Classified

H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled [Danger Sensitization, respiratory]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P233, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P302+P352, P304+P340, P308+P316, P318, P319, P321, P333+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P403, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H360: May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

Fresh air, rest.

Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Nickel metal and other compounds (as Ni):

Skin: WATER FLUSH IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: Some heavy metals are VERY TOXIC POISONS, especially if their salts are very soluble in water (e.g., lead, chromium, mercury, bismuth, osmium, and arsenic). IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center and locate activated charcoal, egg whites, or milk in case the medical advisor recommends administering one of them. Also locate Ipecac syrup or a glass of salt water in case the medical advisor recommends inducing vomiting. Usually, this is NOT RECOMMENDED outside of a physician's care. If advice from a physician is not readily available and the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give the victim a glass of activated charcoal slurry in water or, if this is not available, a glass of milk, or beaten egg whites and IMMEDIATELY transport victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, assure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Skin: Water flush immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

DO NOT USE WATER, CO2 OR FOAM ON MATERIAL ITSELF. Some of these materials may react violently with water. CAUTION: For Xanthates, UN3342 and for Dithionite (Hydrosulfite/Hydrosulphite) UN1384, UN1923 and UN1929, USE FLOODING AMOUNTS OF WATER for SMALL AND LARGE fires to stop the reaction. Smothering will not work for these materials, they do not need air to burn.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or DRY sand, EXCEPT for UN1384, UN1923, UN1929 and UN3342.

LARGE FIRE: DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime EXCEPT for UN1384, UN1923, UN1929 and UN3342, or withdraw from area and let fire burn. CAUTION: UN3342 when flooded with water will continue to evolve flammable Carbon disulfide/Carbon disulphide vapors. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers or in contact with substance. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use dry sand, dry powder. NO carbon dioxide. NO water.

Flood with water. Use dry chemical, graphite, or dry earth. /Nickel catalyst, wet/

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

Small Spill

CAUTION: For spills of Xanthates, UN3342 and for Dithionite (Hydrosulfite/Hydrosulphite), UN1384, UN1923 and UN1929, dissolve in 5 parts water and collect for proper disposal.

CAUTION: UN3342 when flooded with water will continue to evolve flammable Carbon disulfide/Carbon disulphide vapors.

· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms. ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal. ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately. ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly. ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated. ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... Summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose.The most efficient type ... is probably the gas fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": HEPA (high efficiency particulate arrestor) filters ... can be disposed of by incineration. For spent charcoal filters, the adsorbed material can be stripped off at high temp & carcinogenic wastes generated by this treatment conducted to & burned in an incinerator. ... LIQUID WASTE: ... Disposal should be carried out by incineration at temp that ... ensure complete combustion. SOLID WASTE: Carcasses of lab animals, cage litter & misc solid wastes ... should be disposed of by incineration at temp high enough to ensure destruction of chem carcinogens or their metabolites. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for NICKEL, ELEMENTAL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well-ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for NICKEL, ELEMENTAL (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

SMALL SPILL: CAUTION: For spills of Xanthates, UN3342 and for Dithionite (Hydrosulfite/Hydrosulphite), UN1384, UN1923 and UN1929, dissolve in 5 parts water and collect for proper disposal. CAUTION: UN3342 when flooded with water will continue to evolve flammable Carbon disulfide/Carbon disulphide vapors. Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2024)

Store only in original packaging. Cool. Well closed. Separated from strong oxidants and acids. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practicable to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

0.24 [mg/m3]

50 [mg/m3]

99 [mg/m3]

0.015 mg/m³

Ca TWA 0.015 mg/m3 See Appendix A [*Note: The REL does not apply to Nickel carbonyl.]

1.0 [mg/m3], as Ni

TWA 1 mg/m3 [*Note: The PEL does not apply to Nickel carbonyl.] See Appendix G

10 mg Ni/m3 ; A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024)

10.0 [mg/m3], as Ni

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Other animal data: It has been reported that pulmonary inflammation, degeneration of the bronchiolar mucosa, and atrophy of the olfactory epithelium resulted in rats and mice exposed to nickel sulfate hexahydrate at concentrations ranging from 0.7 to 13.5 mg Ni/m3 for 6 hours/day for 12 days [Benson et al. 1988].

NIOSH considers nickel metal and other compounds (as Ni) to be a potential occupational carcinogen. /Nickel metal and other compounds (as Ni)/

10 mg/m³

10 mg/m³ (as Ni)

Ca [10 mg/m3 (as Ni)]

See: 7440020

1.5 [mg/m3], inhal. fraction (metal), 0.2 mg/m3, as Ni, inhal. fraction(insol. inorg.compds), 0.1 mg/m3, as Ni, inhal. fraction(sol. inorg. compds)

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 1.5 mg/cu m, inhalable fraction

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

A5: Not suspected as a human carcinogen.

(inhalable fraction): 1.5 mg/m

elemental: 1.5 mg/m³ (inhalable particluate matter), insoluble inorganic compounds (NOS): 0.2 mg/m³ (inhalable particulate matter) [1996]

0.1 mg/m³ (inhalable particulate matter) [1996]

(inhalable fraction): sensitization of respiratory tract and skin (SAH); carcinogen category: 1

· DO NOT USE WATER, CO2 OR FOAM ON MATERIAL ITSELF.

· Some of these materials may react violently with water.

CAUTION: For Xanthates, UN3342 and for Dithionite (Hydrosulfite/Hydrosulphite) UN1384, UN1923 and UN1929, USE FLOODING AMOUNTS OF WATER for SMALL AND LARGE fires to stop the reaction. Smothering will not work for these materials, they do not need air to burn.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or DRY sand, EXCEPT for UN1384, UN1923, UN1929 and UN3342.

Large Fire

· DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime EXCEPT for UN1384, UN1923, UN1929 and UN3342, or withdraw from area and let fire burn.

CAUTION: UN3342 when flooded with water will continue to evolve flammable Carbon disulfide/Carbon disulphide vapors.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers or in contact with substance.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

Lustrous, silvery, odorless metallic solid. Insoluble in water.

Raney Nickel catalyst, is extremely fine powdered nickel. It is grayish colored. Insoluble in water. Nickel catalyst is used to promote the chemical action in manufacturing synthetics and to process vegetable oil and petroleum. If exposed to air or moisture, it may become hot enough to ignite. It is insoluble in water and does not react with larger volumes of water.

Dry Powder; Large Crystals; Dry Powder; Other Solid; Wet Solid; Other Solid; Dry Powder; Large Crystals; Other Solid; CBI; Large Crystals

Metal: Lustrous, silvery, odorless solid.

SILVERY METALLIC LUSTROUS SOLID IN VARIOUS FORMS.

Lustrous, silvery odorless metal

SILVERY METAL

Metal: Lustrous, silvery solid.

Lustrous, white, hard, ferromagnetic metal; face centered cubic crystals

Silvery, malleable, magnetic metal

Odorless

5139 °F at 760 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)

4946 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

2913 °C @760 [mm Hg]

2831 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

2651 °F (NTP, 1992)

Insoluble (NIOSH, 2024)

Insoluble (NTP, 1992)

INSOL IN WATER, AMMONIA; SOL IN DIL NITRIC ACID; SLIGHTLY SOL IN HYDROCHLORIC ACID, SULFURIC ACID

Solubility in water, mg/l at 37 °C: 1.1 (practically insoluble)

Insoluble

8.9 (Metal) (NIOSH, 2024) - Denser than water; will sink

8.908 (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

8.9 g/cm³

8.90 (metal)

8.9 @25 °C

8.90 (Metal)

0 mmHg (approx) (NIOSH, 2024)

1 mmHg at 3290 °F (NTP, 1992)

1 MM HG @ 1810 °C

0 mmHg (approx)

STABLE IN AIR @ ORDINARY TEMP; NOT AFFECTED BY WATER

Heat /contributes to instability/

Toxic gases and vapors (such as nickel carbonyl) may be released ... in the decomp of nickel cmpd. /Nickel & sol nickel cmpd/

Excellent resistance to corrosion

Heat capacity @ 25 °C: 6.23 cal/g-atom/deg C; Mohs' hardness 3.8; latent heat of fusion 73 cal/g; electrical resistivity @ 20 °C: 6.844 microohms/cm; burns in oxygen, forming nickel oxide; decomp steam @ a red heat; slowly attacked by dil hydrochloric or sulfuric acid; readily attacked by nitric acid; five naturally occurring isotopes: 58 (67.76%); 60 (26.16%); 61 (1.25%); 62 (3.66%); 64 (1.16%); artificial isotopes: 56; 57; 59; 63; 65-67

Not attacked by fused alkali hydroxides

Readily fabricated by hot and cold working; takes high polish

Atomic number 28; valence 2; seldom 1,3,4

For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for NICKEL, ELEMENTAL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Insoluble in water.

Pyrophoric, Ignites spontaneously in the presence of air; during storage, H2 escapes with fire and explosion hazards; reacts violently with acids forming H2. [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 807].

Metals, Elemental and Powder, Active

Strong Reducing Agent

Known Catalytic Activity

Pyrophoric

Water-Reactive

CSL00168

Ethanol + Nickel

Exothermic reaction upon mixing resulted in a fire

Flammable,Pyrophoric

Not Available

User Reported

04/22/2022

04/21/2022

NICKEL is not highly reactive in bulk. A reducing agent. Reacts with (is corroded by) acids to generate flammable hydrogen. Burns when heated in oxygen. Incompatible with oxidizing agents such as oxidizing acids, ammonium nitrate, chlorine, potassium perchlorate, nitryl fluoride. Powdered nickel is much more reactive; can ignite in air [Bretherick 1979 p. 170-171].

Metals, such as RANEY NICKEL, are reducing agents and tend to react with oxidizing agents. Their reactivity is strongly influenced by their state of subdivision: in bulk they often resist chemical combination; in powdered form they may react very rapidly. Thus, as a bulk metal it is somewhat unreactive, but finely divided material may be pyrophoric. The metal reacts exothermically with compounds having active hydrogen atoms (such as acids and water) to form flammable hydrogen gas and caustic products. The reactions are less vigorous than the similar reactions of alkali metals, but the released heat can still ignite the released hydrogen. Materials in this group may react with azo/diazo compounds to form explosive products. These metals and the products of their corrosion by air and water can catalyze polymerization reactions in several classes of organic compounds; these polymerizations sometimes proceed rapidly or even explosively. Some metals in this group form explosive products with halogenated hydrocarbons. Can react explosively with oxidizing materials.

MIXTURES CONTAINING POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE WITH NICKEL & TITANIUM POWDERS & INFUSORIAL EARTH GAVE SEVERE EXPLOSIONS DURING A FRICTION TEST.

SPARKS--LESS THAN THOSE AVAILABLE FROM STATIC ELECTRICITY ON THE HUMAN BODY--CAN IGNITE THE MIXTURE /CONTAINING POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE WITH NICKEL & TITANIUM POWDERS & INFUSORIAL EARTH/.

Upon heating, a mixture of powdered nickel and sulfur or selenium will react incandescently.

If nickel powder comes into contact with bromine pentafluoride at ambient or slightly elevated temperatures, ignition will probably occur.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for NICKEL, ELEMENTAL (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Strong acids, sulfur, selenium, wood & other combustibles, nickel nitrate

CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile

Nickel is a ubiquitous trace metal and occurs in soil, water, air and the biosphere. Nickel ore deposits are accumulations of nickel sulfide minerals (mostly pentlandite) and laterites. Most nickel is used for production of stainless steel and other nickel alloys with high corrosion and temperature resistance. Nickel levels in terrestrial and aquatic organisms can vary over several orders of magnitude. Dermal exposure in the general environment is important for the induction and maintenance of contact hypersensitivity caused by daily contact with nickel plated objects or nickel containing alloys (e.g. jewellery, coins or clips). Iatrogenic exposure to nickel results from implants and prostheses made from nickel containing alloys, from iv or dialysis fluids and from radiographic contrast media. In the working environment, airborne nickel concentrations can vary from a few microgram/cu m to a few mg/cu m, depending upon the process involved and the nickel content of the material being handled. Workers are exposed to nickel containing dusts and fumes during welding, plating, grinding, mining, nickel refining, and in steel plants. Dermal exposure to nickel may occur in a wide range of jobs, either by direct exposure, dissolved nickel in refining, electroplating and electroforming industries or by handling nickel containing materials. Nickel can be absorbed in human beings and animals via inhalation or ingestion or percutaneously. Respiratory absorption with secondary gastrointestinal absorption (insoluble and soluble) is a major route of entry during occupational exposure. Percutaneous absorption is negligible, quantatively, but is important in the pathogenesis of contact hypersensitivity. Nickel is transported in the blood, principally bound to albumin. Gastrointestinal absorption of nickel is variable and depends on the composition of the diet. All body secretions are potential routes of excretion including the urine, bile, sweat, tears, milk and mucociliary fluid. Non-absorbed nicke is eliminated in the feces. Data on nickel excretion suggest a two compartment model. Nickel concentration in the serum and urine of healthy non-occupationally exposed adults are 0.2 ug/l (range: 0.05-1.1 ug/l) and 1.5 ug creatinine (range: 0.5-4.0 mg/g creatinine, respectively. The body burden of nickel in non-exposed 70 kg adult is 0.5 ug. Nickel is essential for the catalytic activity of some plant and bacterial enzymes. Slow weight gain, anemia and decreased viability has been described in some animal species after dietary deprivation of nickel. Contact allergy to nickel is very common in human beings; experimental sensitization in animals is only successful under special conditions. Longterm inhalation exposure to metallic nickel caused mucosal damage and inflammatory reaction, sometimes accompanied by slight fibrosis, was observed in rabbits after high level exposure to nickel graphite dust. Metallic nickel induced local mesenchymal tumors in a variety of experimental animals after im, sc, intraosseous, intrarenal, intra-articular, pleural, intraocular, intratesticular or intra-adipose administrtation. Metallic nickel has been tested for carcinogenicity by parenteral routes of administration, local tumors were noted. In studies using repeated intratracheal instillation, nickel powder caused respiratory tumors. Chronic effects such as rhinitis, sinusitis, nasal septal perforations and asthma have been reported in nickel refinery and nickel plating workers. Some researchers reported pulmonary changes with fibrosis in workers handling nickel dust. Orsal nickel intake may aggravate vesicular hand eczema. Prostheses or other surgical implants make with nickel containing alloys have been reported to cause nickel sensitization. Cancer rates have generally been close to normal in stainless steel welding and nickel using industries, with the exception of those involving exposure to chromium, particularly electroplating. Nickel/cadmium battery workers exposed to high levels of both nickel and cadmium may have resulted in a slightly increased risk of lung cancer. Excesses of various cancers other than lung and nasal cancers such as renal, gastric or prostatic have occasionally been reported in nickel workers, but none have been found consistently. No increased cancer risk has been demonstrated in workers exposed exclusively to metallic nickel. The combined data on nickel alloy workers and gasseous diffusion workers, all of whom were exposed to average concentrations of the order of 0.5 mg nickel/cu m show no excess risk, though the total number of lung cancers in these cohorts was to small to exclude a small increase in risk at this level.

Trace element

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

CLASSIFICATION: A; human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Human data in which exposure to nickel refinery dust caused lung and nasal tumors in sulfide nickel matte refinery workers in several epidemiologic studies in different countries and on animal data in which carcinomas were produced in rats by inhalation and injection. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Sufficient.

Evaluation: There is sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of nickel sulfate, and of the combinations of nickel sulfides and oxides encountered in the nickel refining industry. There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of metallic nickel and nickel alloys. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of metallic nickel, nickel monoxides, nickel hydroxides and crystalline nickel sulfides. There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of nickel alloys, nickelocene, nickel carbonyl, nickel salts, nickel arsenides, nickel antimonide, nickel selenides and nickel telluride. There is inadequate evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of nickel trioxide, amorphous nickel sulfide and nickel titanate. The Working Group made the overall evaluation on nickel compounds as a group on the basis of the combined results of epidemiological studies, carcinogenicity studies in experimental animals, and several types of other relevant data, supported by the underlying concept that nickel compounds can generate nickel ions at critical sites in their target cells. Overall evaluation: Nickel compounds are carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). Metallic nickel is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). /Nickel compounds/

A5: Not suspected as a human carcinogen.

Metallic Nickel: is listed as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. /Nickel Compounds and Metallic Nickel/

Nickel, metallic

Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)

Volume 49: (1990) Chromium, Nickel and Welding

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of dust.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Shortness of breath.

Redness.

sensitization dermatitis, allergic asthma, pneumonitis; [potential occupational carcinogen]

Cancer, Dermal (Skin), Developmental (effects while organs are developing), Immunological (Immune System), Respiratory (From the Nose to the Lungs)

Nasal cavities, lungs, skin

[lung and nasal cancer]

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

Asthma - Reversible bronchoconstriction (narrowing of bronchioles) initiated by the inhalation of irritating or allergenic agents.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

IARC Carcinogen - Class 1: International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies chemicals as established human carcinogens.

NTP Carcinogen - Known to be a human carcinogen.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Human.

ATSDR Draft

IRIS Current

HEAST Current

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 t0 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . /Nickel and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors for hypotension with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Nickel and related compounds/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... In relation specifically to cancer hazards, there are at present no health monitoring methods that may ensure the early detection of preneoplastic lesions or lesions which may preclude them. Whenever medical surveillance is indicated, in particular when exposure to a carcinogen has occurred, ad hoc decisions should be taken concerning additional tests that might become useful or mandatory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

NICKEL METAL IS WELL KNOWN CAUSE OF CONTACT DERMATITIS IN SENSITIZED INDIVIDUALS. INSTANCES OF DERMATITIS IN REGION OF EYES HAS RESULTED FROM CONTACT WITH NICKEL SPECTACLE FRAMES, BUT EYE ITSELF HAS NOT BEEN INVOLVED.

HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN NASAL MUCOSA OF NICKEL WORKERS WERE STUDIED.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES CONCLUSIVELY DEMONSTRATE EXCESS RISK OF CANCER OF NASAL CAVITY & LUNG IN WORKERS IN NICKEL REFINERIES. IT IS LIKELY THAT NICKEL IN SOME FORM(S) IS CARCINOGENIC TO MAN.

In nickel refinery workers, an excess risk of nasal and lung cancers has been demonstrated.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for NICKEL, ELEMENTAL (30 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

... INGESTION OF NICKEL ... RELATIVELY LOW DEGREE OF TOXICITY. DOGS ARE ABLE TO TOLERATE DOSES OF METALLIC NICKEL ... AS HIGH AS 3 G/KG BODY WT.

1.40e+03

1.70e+04

1.00e-02

4.40e-02

3.90e+02

4.0E+03(G)

2.60e+01

2.60e-04

2.00e-02

Volatile

4.20e+03

5.00e+04

3.10e-02

1.30e-01

1.20e+03

4.0E+03 (G)

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment.

Abundance in earth's crust 0.018%. ... occurs free in meteorites.

... THERE IS EVIDENCE THAT PURE NICKEL POWDERS ... OF LESS THAN 1 U IN SIZE ARE DEPOSITED AS METEORITIC DUST FROM STRATOSPHERE. /NICKEL AND NICKEL CMPD/

Food processing methods apparently add to the nickel levels already present in foodstuffs via (1) leaching from nickel containing alloys in food processing equipment made from stainless steel, (2) the milling of flour, and (3) catalytic hydrogenation of fats and oils by use of nickel catalysts.

No data was found to suggest that nickel is involved in any biological transformation in the aquatic environment.

... no ... nickel bioaccumulation in voles fed sludge-fertilized soybeans containing 30 ppm nickel ...

Occupational exposures to nickel and its cmpd occur in (1) mining and comminution of nickel containing ores; (2) nickel refining and smelting; (3) nickel electroplating; (4) producing and using nickel catalysts; (5) fabricating parts and structures by welding, flame spraying, cutting, grinding, and polishing of nickel containing alloys; (6) manufacturing nickel cadmium batteries; (7) constructing nickel molds in glass bottle factories; (8) spraying nickel containing paints (eg, yellow nickel titanate pigment); and (9) recycling or disposal of nickel containing products. /Nickel and nickel cmpd/

IN NICKEL PLATING INDUSTRY, EXPOSURE TO NICKEL CONTAINING VAPORS HAS BEEN REPORTED TO BE ASSOC WITH ASTHMA. SYMPTOMS WERE ATTRIBUTED TO HYPERSENSITIVITY TO NICKEL OF NON-OCCUPATIONAL ORIGIN. PNEUMOCONIOSIS HAS BEEN REPORTED AMONG WORKERS EXPOSED TO NICKEL DUST ... EFFECTS ON NASAL MEMBRANE WERE NOTED IN WORKERS EXPOSED TO NICKEL AEROSOLS IN AN ELECTROLYSIS SHOP. /NICKEL VAPORS & DUST/

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... Summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose.The most efficient type ... is probably the gas fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": HEPA (high efficiency particulate arrestor) filters ... can be disposed of by incineration. For spent charcoal filters, the adsorbed material can be stripped off at high temp & carcinogenic wastes generated by this treatment conducted to & burned in an incinerator. ... LIQUID WASTE: ... Disposal should be carried out by incineration at temp that ... ensure complete combustion. SOLID WASTE: Carcasses of lab animals, cage litter & misc solid wastes ... should be disposed of by incineration at temp high enough to ensure destruction of chem carcinogens or their metabolites. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for NICKEL, ELEMENTAL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 135: SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ Fire or Explosion: Flammable/combustible material. May ignite on contact with moist air or moisture. May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect. Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. /Nickel catalyst, dry/

/GUIDE 135: SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ Health: Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Inhalation of decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. /Nickel catalyst, dry/

/GUIDE 135: SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Stay upwind. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Keep out of low areas. /Nickel catalyst, dry/

/GUIDE 135: SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Nickel catalyst, dry/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for NICKEL, ELEMENTAL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

49 162 25; Nickel catalyst, not spent

49 162 26; Nickel catalyst, spent

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Spontaneously Combustible

Symbol: Xn; R: 40-43; S: (2)-22-36