antimonypowder

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 18.7% (140 of 748) of reports.

H301 (18.2%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H302 (23.4%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H332 (26.9%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H351 (31.8%): Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H373 (20.5%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H411 (38.6%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P317, P304+P340, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 748 reports by companies from 34 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 140 of 748 reports by companies.

There are 32 notifications provided by 608 of 748 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H332 (100%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H411 (100%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P301+P317, P304+P340, P317, P330, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

The GHS information provided by 1 company from 1 notification to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P319, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: Some heavy metals are VERY TOXIC POISONS, especially if their salts are very soluble in water (e.g., lead, chromium, mercury, bismuth, osmium, and arsenic). IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center and locate activated charcoal, egg whites, or milk in case the medical advisor recommends administering one of them. Also locate Ipecac syrup or a glass of salt water in case the medical advisor recommends inducing vomiting. Usually, this is NOT RECOMMENDED outside of a physician's care. If advice from a physician is not readily available and the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give the victim a glass of activated charcoal slurry in water or, if this is not available, a glass of milk, or beaten egg whites and IMMEDIATELY transport victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, assure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]:

DO NOT USE WATER, FOAM OR CO2. Dousing metallic fires with water will generate hydrogen gas, an extremely dangerous explosion hazard, particularly if fire is in a confined environment (i.e., building, cargo hold, etc.). Use DRY sand, graphite powder, dry sodium chloride-based extinguishers, or class D extinguishers. Confining and smothering metal fires is preferable rather than applying water. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: If impossible to extinguish, protect surroundings and allow fire to burn itself out. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 50 meters (160 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

Large Spill

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 50 meters (160 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Treatment and disposal methods: Chemical treatment, precipitation, recycling. Dissolve in a minimum amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl). Add to water until the appearance of white precipitate. Add 6M hydrochloric acid just to dissolve again. Saturate with hydrogen sulfide. After filtration, wash the precipitate, dry, package, and return to suppliers.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for antimony: Chemical precipitation.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Further processing of solid materials may result in the formation of combustible dusts. The potential for combustible dust formation should be taken into consideration before additional processing occurs. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Antimony, elemental (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from oxidants, acids, halogens and food and feedstuffs.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Air sensitive. Moisture sensitive. Handle and store under inert gas. Keep in a dry place. Storage class (TRGS 510): Non-combustible, acute toxic Cat.3 / toxic hazardous materials or hazardous materials causing chronic effects.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Biological monitoring of urine antimony in workers may be useful. In one study, 24 hour urine concentrations were < 1 ug/L in persons not occupationally exposed. [Nordberg, p. 359]

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

1.5 [mg/m3]

13 [mg/m3]

80 [mg/m3]

0.5 mg/m³

TWA 0.5 mg/m3 [*Note: The REL also applies to other antimony compounds (as Sb).]

0.5 [mg/m3], as Sb

TWA 0.5 mg/m3 [*Note: The PEL also applies to other antimony compounds (as Sb).]

50 mg Sb/m3 (NIOSH, 2024)

50.0 [mg/m3], as Sb

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: The revised IDLH for antimony compounds is 50 mg Sb/m3 based on acute inhalation toxicity data in animals [Izmerov et al. 1982] and an analogy to hydrogen chloride [ACGIH 1993] which has a revised IDLH of 50 ppm (75 mg/m3).

50 mg/cu m, as Sb /Antimony/

50 mg/m³

50 mg/m3 (as Sb)

See: 7440360

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.5 mg/cu m. /Antimony and compounds, as Sb/

Peak Exposure Recommendation: Transient increases in workers' exposure levels may exceed 3 times the value of the TLV-TWA level for no more than 15 minutes at a time, on no more than 4 occasions spaced 1 hour apart during a workday, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the value of the TLV-TWA level. In addition, the 8-hour TWA is not to be exceeded for an 8-hour work period. /Antimony and compounds, as Sb/

0.5 mg/m

(including its inorganic compounds, except stibine): carcinogen category: 2; germ cell mutagen group: 3A

· DO NOT USE WATER, FOAM OR CO2.

· Dousing metallic fires with water will generate hydrogen gas, an extremely dangerous explosion hazard, particularly if fire is in a confined environment (i.e., building, cargo hold, etc.).

· Use DRY sand, graphite powder, dry sodium chloride-based extinguishers, or class D extinguishers.

· Confining and smothering metal fires is preferable rather than applying water.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· If impossible to extinguish, protect surroundings and allow fire to burn itself out.

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

May cause mechanical irritation to the eyes.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis especially when the skin is exposed to fumes. The substance may have effects on the lungs. This may result in pneumoconiosis.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Antimony:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: DAILY - Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises. (NIOSH, 2024)

Eye/face protection: Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Antimony powder appears as a silvery or gray solid in the form of dust. Denser than water and insoluble in water. Toxic by inhalation and by ingestion. May burn and emit toxic fumes if heated or exposed to flames. Used to make electric storage batteries and semiconductors.

Dry Powder; Other Solid; CBI

Silver-white, lustrous, hard, brittle solid; scale-like crystals; or a dark-gray, lustrous powder; [NIOSH]

SILVER-WHITE LUSTROUS HARD BRITTLE LUMPS OR DARK GREY POWDER.

Silver-white, lustrous, hard, brittle solid with scale-like crystals, or a dark-gray, lustrous powder.

Silver-white, lustrous, hard, brittle solid; scale-like crystals; or a dark-gray, lustrous powder.

Silver metal; hexagonal (gray antimony); black amorphous solid (black antimony)

Silver-white, lustrous, hard, brittle metal; scale-like crystalline structure or dark gray, lustrous powder

Hexagonal (rhombohedral) crystals

Silvery or gray, lustrous metalloid

For more Color/Form (Complete) data for Antimony, elemental (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

3182 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

1635 °C

1587 °C @760 [mm Hg]

1167.3 °F (NTP, 1992)

630.028 °C (gray antimony); trans gray 0 (black antimony)

630.628 °C

Insoluble (NIOSH, 2024)

Insoluble in water

Insoluble in dilute acid

Soluble in hot concentrated H2SO4

Solubility in water: none

Insoluble

6.684 at 77 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

6.68 g/cu cm at 20 °C

6.7 g/cm³

6.68 @25 °C

1 mmHg at 1627 °F (NTP, 1992)

1 mm Hg at 886 °C

0 mmHg (approx)

Slightly oxidized in air

Not tarnished in dry air but slowly in moist air

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions. - Antimony oxide

When heated or on contact with acid it emits toxic fumes of SbH3.

195,250 J/mol (latent heat)

Metal is not found alone ... Valence 0, -3, +3 or +5

Not affected by cold dilute acids; attacked by hot concentrat6ed sulfuric acid; readily by aqua regia

When finely divided reacts with hot concentrated hydrochloric acid

2 naturally occurring isotopes: 121 (57.25%); 123 (42.75%); artificial radioactive isotopes: 112-120; 122; 124-135

Insoluble in water.

Metals, Elemental and Powder, Active

Strong Reducing Agent

ANTIMONY is spontaneously flammable in fluorine, chlorine, and bromine. With iodine, the reaction produces heat, which can cause flame or even an explosion if the quantities are great enough [Mellor 9:379 1946-47]. Even at 10 °C. bromine trifluoride reacts with antimony incandescently. Bromine trifluoride reacts similarly with arsenic, boron, bromine, iodine, phosphorus, and sulfur [Mellor 2:113 1946-47]. Bromoazide explodes on contact with antimony, arsenic, phosphorus, silver foil, or sodium. It is very shock sensitive. Explosions of chloric acid have been due to the formation of unstable compounds with antimony, bismuth, ammonia, and organic matter [Chem. Abst. 46:2805e 1952]. The reaction of finely divided antimony and nitric acid can be violent [Pascal 10:504 1931-34]. Powdered antimony mixed with potassium nitrate explodes when heated [Mellor 9:282 1946-47]. When antimony or arsenic and solid potassium permanganate are ground together, the metals ignite [Mellor 12:322 1946-47]. Sodium peroxide oxidizes antimony, arsenic, copper, potassium, tin, and zinc with incandescence [Mellor 2:490-93 1946-47].

Reaction of finely divided antimony & nitric acid can be violent.

Antimony is spontaneously flammable in fluorine, chlorine, or bromine. With iodine, reaction produces heat, which can cause flame or even explosion if quantities are great enough.

Fused ammonium nitrate with powdered metals is often violent & sometimes an explosive reaction. ... Antimony /is among/ the metals that reacted in this way.

Bromoazide explodes on contact with antimony. Explosions of chloric acid have been due to formation of explosive cmpd with antimony ... .

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for Antimony, elemental (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Strong oxidizers, acids, halogenated acids [Note: Stibine is formed when antimony is exposed to nascent (freshly formed) hydrogen.]

CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Antimony is a silver-white, lustrous, hard, brittle metal. Commercial-grade antimony is widely used in alloys with percentages ranging from 1 to 20. It greatly increases the hardness and mechanical strength of lead. Batteries, antifriction alloys, type metal, small arms and tracer bullets, cable sheathing, and minor products use about half the metal produced. Compounds taking up the other half are oxides, sulfides, sodium antimonate, and antimony trichloride. Paracelsus, a physician and proponent of alchemy in sixteen century Europe favored the use of metals, including antimony, as drugs. The period of c. 1560-1660 was termed the 'antimony war' and reflects the conflict in medicine between Galenic medicine and the practices of Paracelsus. HUMAN STUDIES: Inhalation of dust containing antimony by factory workers induced gastrointestinal irritation, probably result of antimony dust transported via the mucociliary escalator and swallowed. Acute symptoms, including abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and vomiting among smelter workers subjected to heavy exposure to antimony fumes were reported. Workers chronically exposed to airborne antimony can develop persistent symptoms such as dermatitis, eye irritation, obstructive lung alterations, and emphysema with increased pneumoconiosis. Skin effects from chronic antimony exposures have been reported. Pruritic skin papules progressing to skin eruptions, referred as "antimony spots", are occasionally seen in workers chronically exposed to antimony. Women working in an antimony metallurgical plant were compared to a similar group of women not exposed to antimony. The exposed group had higher incidences of spontaneous abortions (12.5 vs 4.1%), premature births (3.4 vs 1.2%), and gynecological problems (77.5 vs 56%). ANIMAL STUDIES: Rats given a diet containing 0.5-2% antimony had decreased weight gain, and had elevated serum levels of a liver enzyme, aspartate aminotransferase. Abortions were frequent in rabbits fed doses of metallic antimony of 5 to 55 mg every other day for 30, 60, and 90 days. Antimony was mutagenic in bacteria or phage. It was shown to induce chromosomal aberrations or abnormal cell divisions in animal or plant cells.

The inhalation data suggests that the myocardium is a target of antimony toxicity. It is possible that antimony affects circulating glucose by interfering with enzymes of the glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways. The mechanism of action of antimony remains unclear. However, some studies suggest that antimony combines with sulfhydryl groups including those in several enzymes important for tissue respiration. The antidotal action of BAL (2,3-dimercaptopropanol) depends on its ability to prevent or break the union between antimony and vital enzymes. Moreover, the cause of death is believed to be essentially the same as that in acute arsenic poisoning. (T18, L741, A238)

Antimony

Hematologic

4 x 10 ^-4 mg/kg-day

Trace element

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

No indication of carcinogenicity (not listed by IARC). (L135)

Dermal exposure to antimony can cause antimony spots (papules and pustules around sweat and sebaceous glands). Antimony poisoning can also lead to pneumoconiosis. Alterations in pulmonary function and other effects including chronic bronchitis, chronic emphysema, inactive tuberculosis, pleural adhesions, and irritation can result from inhalation of antimony. Increased blood pressure can also result from antimony poisoning. Myocardial depression, vasodilation and fluid loss may cause shock with hypotension, electrolyte disturbances and acute renal failure. Cerebral oedema, coma, convulsions, and death are possible. (L741)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Inhalation (L741) ; oral (L741) ; dermal (L741)

Cough. See Ingestion.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal pain. Vomiting. Diarrhoea.

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat, mouth; cough; dizziness; headache; nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; stomach cramps; insomnia; anorexia; unable to smell properly

Abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea can result from inhalation of antimony. Dyspnea, headache, vomiting,cough, conjunctivitis, and bloody purulent discharge from nose can result from inhalation exposure. Skin or eye contact can cause pain and redness of the exposed surface. (T64, L741)

Cancer, Cardiovascular (Heart and Blood Vessels), Developmental (effects while organs are developing), Gastrointestinal (Stomach and Intestines, part of the digestive system), Hepatic (Liver), Respiratory (From the Nose to the Lungs)

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, cardiovascular system

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Nephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting.

Fibrogenic - Inducing tissue injury and fibrosis (scarring).

Antimony (metallic)

4 x 10^-4 mg/kg-day

PDF Document

Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential

ATSDR Final

IRIS Current

PPRTV Current

LC50 (rat) = 720 mg/m3/2 hr

LD50 Rat i.p. 100 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 7 g/kg

LD50 Mice i.p. 90 mg/kg

LD50 Guinea pig i.p. 150 mg/kg

Following oral exposure to antimony, administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Following inhalation exposure, move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. In case of eye exposure, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. Following dermal exposure, remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists. (T36)

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

Periodic chest X-ray, pulmonary function testing, and electrocardiogram required.

3.10e+01

4.70e+02

3.10e-01

1.30e+00

7.80e+00

6.00e+00

3.50e-01

2.70e-01

4.00e-04

3.00e-04

Volatile

9.40e+01

1.40e+03

9.40e-01

3.90e+00

2.30e+01

Elemental antimony very seldom occurs in nature due to its high attraction for sulfur and metallic elements such as copper, lead and silver(1).

Antimony is a brittle metal with use in the unalloyed state restriced to ornamental applications ; levels of antimony in various alloys range up to 23%(1).

According to the 2016 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 14 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of elemental antimony in the United States may be as low as 10 workers and as high as 10,000 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 383,579 workers (139,736 of these are female) were potentially exposed to antimony in the US(1). Occupational exposure would be by inhalation of fumes and dermal contact with antimony alloys and compounds. Fumes produced when heating antimony metal or alloys may contain antimony trioxide because the metal would be oxidized. The general population will be exposed to low levels of antimony via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and dermal contact with products containing antimony(SRC).

Lead-antimony alloy is used largely in manufacture of storage battery grids, pewter and britannia metal, printer's type, lead shot, lead electrodes and bearing metals. In many of these processes the greatest exposure is to antimony metal dust and fume.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Treatment and disposal methods: Chemical treatment, precipitation, recycling. Dissolve in a minimum amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl). Add to water until the appearance of white precipitate. Add 6M hydrochloric acid just to dissolve again. Saturate with hydrogen sulfide. After filtration, wash the precipitate, dry, package, and return to suppliers.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for antimony: Chemical precipitation.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

/GUIDE 170 METALS (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)/ Fire or Explosion: May react violently or explosively on contact with water. Some are transported in flammable liquids. May be ignited by friction, heat, sparks or flames. Some of these materials will burn with intense heat. Dusts or fumes may form explosive mixtures in air. Containers may explode when heated. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. /Antimony powder/

/GUIDE 170 METALS (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)/ Health: Oxides from metallic fires are a severe health hazard. Inhalation or contact with substance or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Antimony powder/

/GUIDE 170 METALS (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream. Keep unauthorized personnel away. /Antimony powder/

/GUIDE 170 METALS (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Antimony powder/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Antimony, elemental (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1549 157(inorganic compounds, n.o.s.)

2871 170(powder)

3141 157(inorganic liquid compounds, n.o.s.)

UN 2871; Antimony powder

IMO 6.1; Antimony powder

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Antimony powder is included on the dangerous goods list. /Antimony powder/

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Antimony powder is included on the dangerous goods list. /Antimony powder/

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III