arsenic

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P301+P316, P304+P340, P316, P321, P330, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301+H331 (44.1%): Toxic if swallowed or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H301 (> 99.9%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H315 (34%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (34%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331 (> 99.9%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H350 (45.8%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H400 (99.9%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (> 99.9%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P321, P330, P332+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1439 reports by companies from 20 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H228: Flammable solid [Danger Flammable solids]

H251: Self-heating; may catch fire [Danger Self-heating substances and mixtures]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H360: May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P235, P240, P241, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P405, P407, P410, P413, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Not Classified

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

P203, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P337+P317, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P203, P264, P270, P280, P301+P317, P318, P330, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P304+P340, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Rinse mouth. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Arsenic (inorganic compounds, as As):

Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: SOAP WASH IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Arsenical cmpd, liquid, NOS/

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Arsenical cmpd, solid, NOS/

Personnel protection: ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Arsenical cmpd, solid, NOS/

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Solvent extraction with high molecular weight amines and quaternary ammonium compounds may be a promising technique for the removal of toxic elements like ... arsenic ... from industrial effluents.

Prompt cleanup and removal are necessary. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Arsenic elemental arsenic wastes should be placed in long term storage or returned to suppliers or manufacturers for reprocessing.

Arsenic bearing sludges from the purification process in the production of antimony oxide are poor candidates for incineration.

An analysis of the health hazards associated with the operation of municipal sludge incinerators was done on the multiple hearth incinerator design, which comprises approximately 80 percent of the total number of sludge incinerators in the USA. Parameters discussed included sludge contaminant concentration, source characteristics, emission rate estimates, dispersion parameters, and health risk values. Estimates of environmental contamination by cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc due to emission loss from the incinerator were calculated. In addition, the human cancer risk (calculated as the effect index) associated with inhalation of incinerator emissions was calculated. The index values were greater than unity for arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, mercury, nickel, and lead.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for ARSENIC, ELEMENTAL (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. All contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Engineering controls are recommended to maintain arsenic concn below the occupational environment limit. Compliance should not be achieved by the use of respirators except during the time period necessary to install or test the required engineering controls, for nonroutine operations (such as a brief exposure to concn in excess of the limit as a result of maintenance or repair activities), or during emergencies when air concn of arsenic exceed the limit.

Shower baths shall be cleaned following use after each work shift. /Inorganic arsenic/

Arsine may be accidentally formed by the reaction of arsenic impurities in commercial acids stored in metal tanks, so that a test should be made for arsine before entry is made into such vessels.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for ARSENIC, ELEMENTAL (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from strong oxidants, acids, halogens and food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Arsenic (soluble inorganic compounds plus methylated metabolites): 15 ug/g creatinine in urine at end of shift and end of workweek); Excludes gallium arsenide and arsine; [ACGIH TLVs and BEIs]

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

0.030 [mg/m3]

17 [mg/m3]

100 [mg/m3]

0.002 mg/m³ [15 minutes]

Ca C 0.002 mg/m3 [15-minute] See Appendix A

0.01 [mg/m3], as As (inorganic compds except arsine), 0.5 mg/m3, as As(organic compds)

10 µg/m³ [5 µg/m³ Action Level]

0.5 mg/m³

[1910.1018] TWA 0.010 mg/m3

5 mg As/m3 ; A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024)

5.0 [mg/m3], as As (metal, inorganic compds except arsine)

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Basis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for inorganic arsenic compounds is 5 mg As/m3 based on acute inhalation toxicity data in animals [Flury 1921; Spector 1955]. This may be a conservative value due to the lack of relevant acute toxicity data for workers.

5 mg/cu m (as AS); NIOSH considers arsenic (inorganic cmpd, as As) to be a potential occupational carcinogen. /Arsenic (inorganic cmpd, as As)/

Ca [5 mg/m3 (as As)]

See: 7440382

0.01 [mg/m3], as As (metal, inorganic compds except arsine)

8 hr Time weighted Avg (TWA) 0.01 mg/cu m /Arsenic and inorganic compoundds, as As/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Arsenic and inorganic compounds, as As/

A1: Confirmed human carcinogen. /Arsenic and inorganic compoundds, as As/

BEI (Biological Exposure Index): Determinant: Inorganic arsenic plus methylated metabolites in urine; Sampling Time: end of workweek; BEI: 35 ug As/L. The determinant may be present in biological specimens collected from subjects who have not been occupationally exposed, at a concentration which could affect interpretation of the result. Such background concentrations are incorporated in the BEI value. /Arsenic, elemental and soluble inorganic compounds/

skin absorption (H); carcinogen category: 1; germ cell mutagen group: 3A

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Arsenic appears as a grayish metallic solid that turns black upon exposure to air. Insoluble in water. Toxic by ingestion.

Dry Powder; Other Solid; Other Solid

Metal: Silver-gray or tin-white, brittle, odorless solid; [NIOSH]

BRITTLE GREY METALLIC-LOOKING CRYSTALS.

Silver-gray or tin-white metal, brittle odorless solid.

Varies with specific organic arsenic compound.

Metal: Silver-gray or tin-white, brittle, odorless solid.

IT EXISTS IN THREE ALLOTROPIC FORMS, THE YELLOW (ALPHA), BLACK (BETA) AND GREY (GAMMA) FORMS

Silver-gray or tin-white, brittle ... solid.

Allotropic forms: alpha-form, metallic, steel-grey, shiny, brittle, rhombohedral crystal structure; beta-form, dark gray, amorphous solid

Yellow, and gray or metallic

... Odorless ...

NEARLY TASTELESS

1135 °F at 760 mmHg (sublimes) (USCG, 1999)

1135 °F (sublimes)

Sublimes

1135 °F (Sublimes) (NIOSH, 2024)

1135 °F (Sublimes)

Insoluble (NIOSH, 2024)

Insol in caustic and nonoxidizing acids

Insoluble in water

Solubility in water: none

Insoluble

5.727 at 77 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

5.778 @ 25 °C

5.7 g/cm³

5.73 (metal)

5.75 @25 °C

0 mmHg (approx) (NIOSH, 2024)

7.5X10-3 mm Hg @ 280 °C; 7.5X10-2 @ 323 °C; 0.75 mm Hg @ 373 °C; 7.5 mm Hg @ 433 °C; 75 mm Hg @ 508 °C; 750 mm Hg @ 601 °C

0 mmHg (approx)

depends upon the specific compound

LOSES ITS LUSTER ON EXPOSURE TO AIR, FORMING A BLACK MODIFICATION + AS2O3

When arsenic is heated in air it will burn and form a white smoke consisting of arsenic trioxide (As2O3).

DANGEROUS WHEN HEATED TO DECOMP ... IT EMITS TOXIC FUMES OF ARSENIC /SRP: INCLUDING ARSINE/. /ARSENIC CMPD/

11.2 kcal/g-atom

A yellow modification which has no metallic properties is obtained by sudden cooling of arsenic-vapor. This yellow arsenic is converted back to the gray modification upon very short exposure to ultraviolet light.

Vaporization becomes apparent at 100 °C and is already rapid at 450 °C; Brinell hardness: 147; Mohs' scale: 3.5; heat of sublimation: 30.5 kcal/g-atom; 7.63 kcal/g-atom; specific heat: 0.0822 for 0 °C to 100 °C; heat of fusion: 22.4 kcal/g-atom; 6.620 kcal/g-atom; not attacked by cold sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid; converted by HNO3 or hot H2SO4 into arsenous or arsenic acid; dielectric constant: 10.23 @ 20 °C and 60 cycles

Triple point: 817 °C; sublimes at 614 °C; specific gravity: 1.97 (yellow modification), 5.73 (gray or metallic modification)

electron density of states

Turns black on exposure to air. Insoluble in water.

Metals, Less Reactive

ARSENIC reacts incandescently with bromine trifluoride, even at 10 °C [Mellor 2:113 1946-47]. Causes bromoazide to explode upon contact. Ignites if ground up together with solid potassium permanganate [Mellor 12:322 1946-47]. Is oxidized by sodium peroxide with incandescence [Mellor 2:490-93 1946-47]. A combination of finely divided arsenic with finely divided bromates (also chlorates and iodates) of barium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, or zinc can explode by heat, percussion, and friction [Mellor 2:310 1946-47]. Bromine pentafluoride reacts readily in the cold with arsenic. Ignition usually occurs. Reacts vigorously with fluorine at ordinary temperatures [Mellor 9:34 1946-47].

Arsine is formed when any inorganic arsenic bearing material is brought in contact with zinc and sulfuric acid.

Arsine may be accidentally formed by the reaction of arsenic impurities in commercial acids stored in metal tanks. ...

... The /bromine azide/ liquid explodes on contact with arsenic. ...

... /Rubidium acetylide/ ignites with arsenic. ...

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for ARSENIC, ELEMENTAL (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Strong oxidizers, bromine azide [Note: Hydrogen gas can react with inorganic arsenic to form the highly toxic gas arsine.]

CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile

Arsenic, Inorganic

Respiratory

Cardiovascular

Endocrine

6 x 10 ^-5 mg/kg-day

Trace element

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

Acute poisoning with arsenic is marked by severe abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, muscle cramps, metallic taste and extreme thirst, followed by stupor, coma, cardiovascular collapse and death. Death can occur within 24 hours of exposure, but with sublethal doses, survival is possible and liver injury may arise 24 to 48 hours after the acute ingestion. Other symptoms include conjunctival and respiratory tract inflammation, epistaxis, rash, renal insufficiency and painful neuropathy. The characteristics of the liver injury have not been well defined, but are likely similar to those with acute iron poisoning, with a clinical phenotype of acute hepatic necrosis, marked elevations in serum aminotransferase levels, early onset of hepatic failure and rapid recovery in cases without early fatality.

Chronic, lower dose exposure to arsenic can be toxic and result in arsenosis, a syndrome marked by fatigue, nausea and vomiting, abdominal crampy pain, weakness, stupor, seizures and neuropathy. Skin manifestations are frequent and characteristic with chronic excessive exposure marked by hyper- and hypo-pigmentation, a "rain-drop" pattern of skin discoloration, skin dryness and exfoliation, keratosis of the palms and soles, and skin cancers. Arsenic is also deposited in the hair and nails, where it can be detected even after it is no longer measureable in urine. Liver injury can also occur with chronic arsenic exposure, typically with appearance of signs and symptoms of portal hypertension, without obvious cirrhosis (idiopathic or noncirrhotic portal hypertension). The clinical onset of noncirrhotic portal hypertension is often insidious with weight loss, fatigue and abdominal swelling and minor, nonspecific elevations in serum enzymes, followed by appearance of variceal hemorrhage or ascites. Features of portal hypertension (ascites, variceal hemorrhage) rather than hepatic failure (jaundice, encephalopathy or coagulopathy) predominate. Symptoms generally improve slowly upon withdrawal of arsenic exposure and long term survival is not uncommon, although porto-caval shunting may be needed to manage portal hypertension and variceal hemorrhage. Serum enzyme elevations and jaundice are uncommon, but may occur. Chronic exposure is usually due to environmental contamination, from elevated arsenic levels in water due to run-offs from mining or storage of arsenic containing compounds such as herbicides and pesticides. When arsenic was still being used as a medicinal agent, cases of chronic poisoning were linked to use of Fowler's solution for psoriasis and asthma and arsphenamine for syphilis generally after 5 to 25 years of use. Furthermore, some cases became clinically apparent several years after the arsenical was stopped and at a time that arsenic could no longer be detected in urine, tissue or hair samples. Chronic arsenic exposure has also been linked to cirrhosis, although the contribution of alcohol and other chronic liver diseases in reported cases could not be excluded. Chronic exposure has also been linked to liver cancer, including hepatic angiosarcoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Other long term complications of arsenic exposure include skin discoloration, palmar and plantar keratosis, peripheral neuropathy, and skin and lung cancer which can arise several decades after exposure. Patients presenting with noncirrhotic portal hypertension due to arsenic frequently have other manifestations of its chronic toxicity such as skin discoloration, palmar keratosis and skin cancers.

Arsenic trioxide (Trisenox) given intravenously as therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia has had limited use, but hepatotoxicity has been reported in 8% to 47% of patients, generally in the form of mild and transient serum enzyme elevations that resolve even with continuation of treatment. Nevertheless, more severe hepatic injury has been reported including cases of acute liver failure, although the clinical features of the injury and relatedness to the therapy were not well defined.

Likelihood score: A[HD] (well known cause of chronic liver injury when given in high dosess).

CLASSIFICATION: A; human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Based on sufficient evidence from human data. An increased lung cancer mortality was observed in multiple human populations exposed primarily through inhalation. Also, increased mortality from multiple internal organ cancers (liver, kidney, lung, and bladder) and an increased incidence of skin cancer were observed in populations consuming drinking water high in inorganic arsenic. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Sufficient. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. /based on former classification system/

A1: Confirmed human carcinogen. /Arsenic and inorganic compounds, as As/

Evaluation: There is sufficient evidence in humans that arsenic in drinking-water causes cancers of the urinary bladder, lung and skin ... Overall evaluation: Arsenic in drinking-water is carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). /Arsenic in drinking-water/

Arsenic compounds, inorganic: known to be a human carcinogen.

Classification of carcinogenicity: 1) evidence in humans: sufficient; 2) evidence in animals: limited. Overall summary evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans is Group 1: Carcinogenic to humans. NOTE: This evaluation applies to the group of chemicals as a whole and not necessarily to all individual chemicals within the group. /Arsenic and arsenic compounds/

Arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds

Group 1: Carcinogenic to humans

Volume 23: (1980) Some Metals and Metallic Compounds

Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)

Volume 100C: (2012) Arsenic, Metals, Fibres, and Dusts

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, skin and/or eye contact, ingestion

See Ingestion.

Abdominal pain. Diarrhoea. Nausea. Vomiting. Weakness. Shock or collapse. Unconsciousness.

Ulceration of nasal septum, dermatitis, gastrointestinal disturbances, peripheral neuropathy, resp irritation, hyperpigmentation of skin, [potential occupational carcinogen]

Cancer, Cardiovascular (Heart and Blood Vessels), Dermal (Skin), Endocrine (Glands and Hormones), Gastrointestinal (Digestive), Hematological (Blood Forming), Neurological (Nervous System), Renal (Urinary System or Kidneys), Respiratory (From the Nose to the Lungs)

Liver, kidneys, skin, lungs, lymphatic system

[lung & lymphatic cancer]

Neurotoxin - Sensorimotor

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Aplastic anemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as primary toxic effect.

Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.

IARC Carcinogen - Class 1: International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies chemicals as established human carcinogens.

NTP Carcinogen - Known to be a human carcinogen.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Human.

IRIS Current

ATSDR Final

PPRTV Archive

6.80e-01

3.00e+00

6.50e-04

2.90e-03

5.20e-02

1.00e+01

1.50e-03

2.90e-01

1.50e+00

4.30e-03

3.00e-04

Volatile

6.80e+01

3.00e+02

4.70e-02

2.00e-01

5.20e+00

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

Aquatic Fate: Arsenic as a free element (0-oxidation state) is rarely encountered in natural waters.

Aquatic Fate: Arsenic as a free element (0-oxidation state) is rarely encountered in natural waters. Soluble inorganic arsenate (+5-oxidation state) predominates under normal conditions since it is thermodynamically more stable in water than arsenite (+3 oxidation state).

Ceramic artists can be exposed to many hazardous materials, generally related to dry clays, glazes and kiln use. Glazes can contain lead, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, boron, chromium, cobalt, cadmium, copper, vanadium and other materials. ...

Heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, antimony, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, manganese, and mercury ... used as color pigments in paints can be ingested by contamination of hands, fingernails, food, cups, cigarettes and by holding paint brushes in the mouth.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Arsenic elemental arsenic wastes should be placed in long term storage or returned to suppliers or manufacturers for reprocessing.

Arsenic bearing sludges from the purification process in the production of antimony oxide are poor candidates for incineration.

An analysis of the health hazards associated with the operation of municipal sludge incinerators was done on the multiple hearth incinerator design, which comprises approximately 80 percent of the total number of sludge incinerators in the USA. Parameters discussed included sludge contaminant concentration, source characteristics, emission rate estimates, dispersion parameters, and health risk values. Estimates of environmental contamination by cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc due to emission loss from the incinerator were calculated. In addition, the human cancer risk (calculated as the effect index) associated with inhalation of incinerator emissions was calculated. The index values were greater than unity for arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, mercury, nickel, and lead.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for ARSENIC, ELEMENTAL (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Combustible)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas.

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ARSENIC, ELEMENTAL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1558 152(metal)

1562 152(dust)

UN 1558; Arsenic

IMO 6.1; Arsenic

49 232 07; Arsenic, solid (arsenic metallic)

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T, N; R: 23/25-50/53; S: (1/2)-20/21-28-45-60-61

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II