Zirconium

H250: Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air [Danger Pyrophoric liquids]

H260: In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously [Danger Substances and mixtures which in contact with water, emit flammable gases]

P210, P222, P223, P231, P231+P232, P233, P280, P302+P335+P334, P370+P378, P402+P404, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 4.7% (20 of 422) of reports.

H250 (43.8%): Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air [Danger Pyrophoric liquids]

H251 (42.2%): Self-heating; may catch fire [Danger Self-heating substances and mixtures]

H260 (43.6%): In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously [Danger Substances and mixtures which in contact with water, emit flammable gases]

P210, P222, P223, P231, P231+P232, P233, P235, P280, P302+P335+P334, P370+P378, P402+P404, P407, P410, P413, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 422 reports by companies from 14 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 20 of 422 reports by companies.

There are 12 notifications provided by 402 of 422 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H251 (100%): Self-heating; may catch fire [Danger Self-heating substances and mixtures]

P235, P280, P407, P410, P413, and P420 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 30 reports by companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

H228: Flammable solid [Danger Flammable solids]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P210, P240, P241, P261, P271, P280, P304+P340, P319, P370+P378, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H251: Self-heating; may catch fire [Danger Self-heating substances and mixtures]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

P210, P222, P231, P233, P235, P240, P241, P261, P271, P272, P280, P302+P335+P334, P302+P352, P304+P340, P319, P321, P333+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P405, P407, P410, P413, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Zirconium compounds (as Zr):

Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: SOAP WASH - If this chemical contacts the skin, wash the contaminated skin with soap and water.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash - If this chemical contacts the skin, wash the contaminated skin with soap and water.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]:

DO NOT USE WATER, FOAM OR CO2. Dousing metallic fires with water will generate hydrogen gas, an extremely dangerous explosion hazard, particularly if fire is in a confined environment (i.e., building, cargo hold, etc.). Use DRY sand, graphite powder, dry sodium chloride-based extinguishers, or class D extinguishers. Confining and smothering metal fires is preferable rather than applying water. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: If impossible to extinguish, protect surroundings and allow fire to burn itself out. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

DO NOT USE WATER, CO2 OR FOAM ON MATERIAL ITSELF. Some of these materials may react violently with water. CAUTION: For Xanthates, UN3342 and for Dithionite (Hydrosulfite/Hydrosulphite) UN1384, UN1923 and UN1929, USE FLOODING AMOUNTS OF WATER for SMALL AND LARGE fires to stop the reaction. Smothering will not work for these materials, they do not need air to burn.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or DRY sand, EXCEPT for UN1384, UN1923, UN1929 and UN3342.

LARGE FIRE: DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime EXCEPT for UN1384, UN1923, UN1929 and UN3342, or withdraw from area and let fire burn. CAUTION: UN3342 when flooded with water will continue to evolve flammable Carbon disulfide/Carbon disulphide vapors. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers or in contact with substance. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use dry sand, dry powder.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Fires ... require quenching by smothering with ... pulverized mineral carbonate such as dolomite.

To fight fire use special mixtures, dry chemical, salt or dry sand.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not use water; Use dry chemical, graphite, or dry earth; When fire is out, cover all suspected material with dry sand or earth to prevent re-ignition until material can be permanently disposed of; Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Zirconium, dry, spontaneously combustible/

For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for ZIRCONIUM, ELEMENTAL (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Zirconium metal dust is extremely flammable and can cause explosions. It burns with a brilliant flame, forming oxides and nitrides of the metal. Burning zirconium also reacts with halon and carbon dioxide fire-extinguishing agents.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Small Spill

CAUTION: For spills of Xanthates, UN3342 and for Dithionite (Hydrosulfite/Hydrosulphite), UN1384, UN1923 and UN1929, dissolve in 5 parts water and collect for proper disposal.

CAUTION: UN3342 when flooded with water will continue to evolve flammable Carbon disulfide/Carbon disulphide vapors.

· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 50 meters (160 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

Large Spill

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 50 meters (160 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Accidental release measures: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Environmental precautions: No special environmental precautions required. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Sweep spilled substance into containers; if appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place. Personal protection: P2 filter respirator for harmful particles.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Precautions for safe handling: Further processing of solid materials may result in the formation of combustible dusts. The potential for combustible dust formation should be taken into consideration before additional processing occurs. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.

Appropriate engineering controls: General industrial hygiene practice.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for ZIRCONIUM, ELEMENTAL (21 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

SMALL SPILL: CAUTION: For spills of Xanthates, UN3342 and for Dithionite (Hydrosulfite/Hydrosulphite), UN1384, UN1923 and UN1929, dissolve in 5 parts water and collect for proper disposal. CAUTION: UN3342 when flooded with water will continue to evolve flammable Carbon disulfide/Carbon disulphide vapors. Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2024)

See Chemical Dangers.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities: Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Storage class (TRGS 510): Non Combustible Solids.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

1.0 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction (elemental)[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

10 [mg/m3]

83 [mg/m3]

500 [mg/m3]

10 mg/m³

TWA 5 mg/m3 ST 10 mg/m3 [*Note: The REL applies to all zirconium compounds (as Zr) except Zirconium tetrachloride.]

5.0 [mg/m3], as Zr (compounds)

TWA 5 mg/m3 See Appendix G

25 mg Zr/m3 (NIOSH, 2024)

25.0 [mg/m3], as Zr

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: The available toxicological data indicate that zirconium compounds possess a low order of toxicity. The chosen IDLH has been based on the citation by NIOSH [1976] that a 30­minute exposure to 500 mg/m3 of zirconium nitrate is the lowest concentration of this substance which has been shown to be lethal to rats [Mogilevskaya 1967].

50 mg/m³

25 mg/m3 (as Zr)

See: 7440677

5.0 [mg/m3], as Zr

10.0 [mg/m3], as Zr

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 5 mg/cu m; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 10 mg/cu m. /Zirconium and compounds, as Zr/

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Zirconium and compounds, as Zr/

5 mg/m³ [1992]

10 mg/m³ [1992]

· DO NOT USE WATER, FOAM OR CO2.

· Dousing metallic fires with water will generate hydrogen gas, an extremely dangerous explosion hazard, particularly if fire is in a confined environment (i.e., building, cargo hold, etc.).

· Use DRY sand, graphite powder, dry sodium chloride-based extinguishers, or class D extinguishers.

· Confining and smothering metal fires is preferable rather than applying water.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· If impossible to extinguish, protect surroundings and allow fire to burn itself out.

· DO NOT USE WATER, CO2 OR FOAM ON MATERIAL ITSELF.

· Some of these materials may react violently with water.

CAUTION: For Xanthates, UN3342 and for Dithionite (Hydrosulfite/Hydrosulphite) UN1384, UN1923 and UN1929, USE FLOODING AMOUNTS OF WATER for SMALL AND LARGE fires to stop the reaction. Smothering will not work for these materials, they do not need air to burn.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or DRY sand, EXCEPT for UN1384, UN1923, UN1929 and UN3342.

Large Fire

· DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime EXCEPT for UN1384, UN1923, UN1929 and UN3342, or withdraw from area and let fire burn.

CAUTION: UN3342 when flooded with water will continue to evolve flammable Carbon disulfide/Carbon disulphide vapors.

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers or in contact with substance.

Zirconium powder wet appears as a gray amorphous sludge with not less than 25% water.

Zirconium powder, dry appears as a gray amorphous powder. May ignite spontaneously and burn with explosive violence. Ignitable by static electricity. Small amounts of moisture may promote the ignition of zirconium. Continues to burn despite immersion in water and does so with greater intensity than in air. Used to make corrosion-resistant alloys, in pyrotechnics, and for many other uses.

Zirconium scrap appears as a lustrous, grayish metallic solid. May ignite spontaneously and burn with explosive violence. May ignite by static electricity. Burns immersed in water and does so with greater intensity than if burned in air.

Powdered or finely divided metal suspended in a flammable organic solvent. Dry powder left after the evaporation of the solvent is easily ignited. Static electricity may be sufficient to ignite the powder.

Zirconium, dry, coiled wire, finished metal sheets or strips appears as a grayish-white hard lustrous metal. Specific gravity 6.4. Melting point about 3362 °F (1850 °C). Insoluble in water. Low toxicity.

Hard lustrous grayish crystalline scales or gray amorphous powder.

Dry Powder; Other Solid; Large Crystals; CBI

Metal: Soft, malleable, ductile, solid or gray to gold, amorphous; [NIOSH]

HARD LUSTROUS GREYISH-WHITE FLAKES OR GREY AMORPHOUS POWDER.

Soft, malleable, ductile, solid or gray to gold, amorphous powder.

Metal: Soft, malleable, ductile, solid or gray to gold, amorphous powder.

Bluish-black, amorphous powder or grayish-white lustrous metal (platelets or flakes) of hexagonal lattice below 865 °C; body-centered cubic above 865 °C

Grey-white metal; hexagonal

Soft, malleable, ductile solid or gray to gold, amorphous powder

6471 °F at 760 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)

4409 °C @760 [mm Hg]

3375 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

1854.7 °C

Insoluble (NIOSH, 2024)

Soluble in hot concentrated acid

Solubility in water: none

Insoluble

6.51 (Metal) (NIOSH, 2024) - Denser than water; will sink

6.52 g/cu cm

Relative density (water = 1): 6.5

6.51 (metal)

6.52 @25 °C

6.51 (Metal)

0 mmHg (approx) (NIOSH, 2024)

Approximately 0 mm Hg

0 mmHg (approx)

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

Cloud ignition temperature: 330 °C

Zirconium is a very reactive metal that, in air or aqueous solution, immediately develops a surface oxide film. This stable, adherent film is the basis for zirconium's corrosion resistance.

Atomic number 40; valance 3 and 4. ... Brinell hardness: 85. Can absorb up to 10 atoms percent of oxygen or nitrogen; reacts with hydrofluoric acid, aqua regia, hot phosphoric acid; not attacked by cold, very slightly attack by hot concentrated sulfuric or hydrochloric acid; not attacked by nitric acid. On prolonged heating the compact form combines with oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and the halogens.

HARD & BRITTLE WHEN IMPURE, COMPARATIVELY SOFT, MALLEABLE & DUCTILE WHEN PURE; HIGHLY RESISTANT TO CORROSION BY ALKALIS, ACIDS (EXCEPT NITRIC).

Alloys with almost all metals except mercury, alkali and alkaline earth groups; max covalence 8, but 5, 6 and 7 are common; bulk form not reactive at ordinary temp, oxidizes readily at 700 °C, and combines with chloride at lower temp; probably does not exist in compounds as monoatomic ion, but frequently found as central atom of complex anions and cations; forms three categories of compounds: complex cations, complex anions, nonionized groups.

Standard enthalpy of formation: 608.8 kJ/mol (gas); standard molar heat capacity: 25.4 J/K mol (crystal); 26.7 J/K mol (gas)

For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for ZIRCONIUM, ELEMENTAL (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

electron density of states

May ignite on contact with air or moist air. Severity of reaction depends largely on particle size. Finely divided zirconium reacts more vigorously than larger particles and the reaction may result in an explosion.

Highly flammable. May ignite on contact with air or moist air. Small amounts of water may greatly accelerate combustion. May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect. The severity of the fire depends on the size of the zirconium particles. Finely divided zirconium reacts with the most vigor. The initiation of a explosion has occurred by spark and by electrostatic ignition.

Flammable and explosive as dust or powder and in the form of borings or shavings, but not in bulk form. May ignite on contact with air or moist air. Insoluble in water.

May ignite on contact with air or moist air. May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect. Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water. The severity of the pyrophoric reaction depends a great deal on zirconium particle size, with the finely divided material reacting with the most vigor. The initiation of the explosion has been spark and by electrostatic ignition. Zirconium dusts have been known to explode, [NFPA 482M, 1974], covers all aspects of storage and handling of zirconium, there are 43 abstracts of unusual zirconium fire and explosion incidents.

Metals, Elemental and Powder, Active

Water and Aqueous Solutions

Highly Flammable

Strong Reducing Agent

Water-Reactive

Pyrophoric

When a mixture of alkali hydroxides and zirconium is heated, the liberated oxygen reacts explosively with zirconium [Mellor 7:116 1946-47]. Chromates, dichromates, sulfates, molybdates, and tungstates of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubdium, and cesium will react violently, even explosively, with an excess of zirconium powder [Ellern 1968. p. 249]. A mixture of hydrated borax and zirconium explodes when heated [Mellor 7:116 1946-47]. An explosion occurred when zirconium sponge was placed in a beaker of carbon tetrachloride [Allison 1969]. Zirconium explodes violently with cupric oxide or lead oxide [Mellor 7:116 1946-47]. A mixture of powdered zirconium and potassium nitrate explodes when heated above the melting point [Mellor 7:116 1946-47].

When a mixture of alkali hydroxides and zirconium is heated, the liberated oxygen reacts explosively with zirconium [Mellor 7:116 1946-47]. Chromates, dichromates, sulfates, molybdates, and tungstates of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubdium, and cesium will react violently, even explosively, with an excess of zirconium powder [Ellern 1968. p. 249]. A mixture of hydrated borax and zirconium explodes when heated [Mellor 7:116. 1946-47]. An explosion occurred when zirconium sponge was placed in a beaker of carbon tetrachloride [Allison 1969]. Zirconium explodes violently with cupric oxide or lead oxide [Mellor 7:116. 1946-47]. A mixture of powdered zirconium and potassium nitrate explodes when heated above the melting point [Mellor 7:116. 1946-47].

A mixture of powdered ZIRCONIUM and carbon tetrachloride exploded violently when heated, as did an immersion of zirconium sponge in the unheated carbon tetrachloride solvent, [491M, 1975, 446]. The consequences from the affinity of finely divided zirconium with oxygen containing compounds can be anticipated to be hazardous. Explosive reactions with potassium chlorate, potassium nitrate, copper(II) oxide, or lead oxide may be expected as is the case when zirconium is heated with alkali-metal hydroxides (lithium, sodium, potassium). Hydrated sodium borate reacts similarly to other alkali-metal oxosalts (chromates, dichromates, molybdates, sulfates, tungstates), [Mellor, 1941, Vol. 7, 116; Military and Civilian Pyrotechnics, Ellern, 1968, 249].

ZIRCONIUM is a reducing agent. Likely to react with oxidizing agents such as chromates, dichromates, sulfates, molybdates, and tungstates of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubdium, and cesium [Ellern 1968. p.249]. A mixture of hydrated borax and zirconium explodes when heated [Mellor 7:116 1946-47]. An explosion occurred when zirconium sponge was placed in a beaker of carbon tetrachloride [Allison 1969]. Zirconium explodes violently with cupric oxide or lead oxide [Mellor 7:116 1946-47]. A mixture of powdered zirconium and potassium nitrate explodes when heated above the melting point [Mellor 7:116 1946-47].

ZIRCONIUM, DRY, COILED WIRE, FINISHED METAL SHEETS OR STRIPS is a bulk form of an active metal (a reducing agent). It ignites if exposed to high temperatures and burns with an intense flame. The bulk metal (as in wire, sheets, and strips) is less reactive than powdered metal. Soluble in hot very concentrated acids; insoluble in water and cold acids. Corrosion resistant [Hawley]. Can react explosively with potassium chlorate, potassium nitrate, copper(II) oxide, or lead oxide, Can react explosively if heated with lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, or potassium hydroxide). May react similarly with hydrated sodium borate and alkali-metal oxosalts (chromates, dichromates, molybdates, sulfates, tungstates) [Mellor, 1941, Vol. 7, 116; Military and Civilian Pyrotechnics, Ellern, 1968, 249]. May react with saltwater to generate hydrogen particularly if in contact with another metal. NFPA 482M, 1974, covers all aspects of storage and handling of zirconium, listing 43 abstracts of unusual zirconium fires and explosions.

Incompatible materials: Hydrofluoric acid, fluorine, fluorine nitrate, chlorine, bromine, iodine, halogenated hydrocarbon.

Potassium nitrate, oxidizers [Note: Fine powder may be stored completely immersed in water].

When a mixture of alkali hydroxide and zirconium is heated, the liberated oxygen reacts explosively with the zirconium.

/Alkali metal salts/ will react violently, even explosively, with an excess of zirconium powder and yield the impure metal.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for ZIRCONIUM, ELEMENTAL (23 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Potassium nitrate, oxidizers [Note: Fine powder may be stored completely immersed in water.]

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Zirconium is a grey-white metal. Zirconium, elemental is used in varying forms; dust, foil and chopped machining chips. It is used as an ingredient of priming or explosive mixtures; flashlight powders; as deoxidizer in metallurgy; as "getter" in vacuum tubes; in constructing rayon spinnerets in lamp filaments, flash bulbs, and nuclear reactors. Pure zirconium is being increasingly used as a corrosion-resistant metal in fabricating columns, pumps, pipe, valves, heat exchangers, and tanks for severe chemical environments, particularly sulfuric and hydrochloric acids, except those containing fluorides. In this capacity, it is also used in facilities producing urea, hydrogen peroxide, methyl methacrylate, or acetic acid. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: A study of 22 workers exposed to fumes during the zirconium reduction process for 1 to 5 years revealed no striking abnormalities referable to zirconium exposure. Also, 32 male hand finishers of zirconium metal reactor components who had worked for 1 to 17 years in that job showed no significant differences from the control group. Pulmonary granuloma in zirconium workers have been reported; however, the reports do not specify whether it was due to zirconium metal or a specific compound of zirconium. In addition, dermal granulomatous lesions, probably of allergic epithelioid origin, have been observed following the use of deodorant sticks and poison ivy lotions containing zirconium; the latter chemical may have been used as a compound and not as the metal per se. ANIMAL STUDIES: No animal toxicity studies were found at time of review.

inhalation, skin and/or eye contact

Redness. Pain.

Skin, lung granulomas; In Animals: irritation skin, mucous membrane; X-ray evidence of retention in lungs

Skin, respiratory system

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

Zirconium

PDF Document

Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential

SCREEN Current

PPRTV Current

There are only a few situations in which water should not be used for skin decontamination. ... The dusts of pure... zirconium will ignite or explode when contacted by water. Thus, following exposure..., any residual metal should be removed with forceps, gauze, or towels, and stored in mineral oil.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ /Causes/ pain and redness /in/ eyes.

/CASE REPORTS/ A study of 22 workers exposed to fumes during the zirconium reduction process for 1 to 5 years revealed no striking abnormalities referable to zirconium exposure. Also, 32 male hand finishers of zirconium metal reactor components who had worked for 1 to 17 years in that job showed no significant differences from the control group.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Pulmonary granuloma in zirconium workers have been reported; however, the reports do not specify whether it was due to zirconium metal or a specific compound of zirconium. In addition, dermal granulomatous lesions, probably of allergic epithelioid origin, have been observed following the use of deodorant sticks and poison ivy lotions containing zirconium; the latter chemical may have been used as a compound and not as the metal per se.

6.30e+00

9.30e+01

1.60e+00

1.00e+04

4.80e+00

Volatile

1.90e+01

2.80e+02

Zirconium is a common element present in the earth's crust and is found in concentrations ranging from 150 to 300 mg/kg. It is not found in the elemental state but usually as oxides. Zirconium occurs in the minerals zircon, malacon, baddeleyite, zirkelite, eudialyte. It is also found frequently in the rare-earth minerals and in monazite sand. Zirconium in found in S-type stars and has been identified in the sun and meteorites. Lunar rocks were found to contain high concentrations of zirconium oxide as compared with terrestrial rocks. The use and production of zirconium metal in the aviation, aerospace, chemical and surgical instrument industries, and in nuclear reactor technology may result in the release of zirconium to the environment through various waste streams. In general, metal cations in solution are attracted to the negatively charged surfaces of soil particles. The extent of adsorption of metal ions to soils depends on the pH, the mineral content, and organic content of the soil. (SRC)

Because of its very high chemical activity at temperatures only slightly above normal atm temp, the element occurs only in combined states.

The use and production of zirconium in the aviation, aerospace, chemical and surgical instrument industries, and in nuclear reactor technology(1) may result in the release of zirconium to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

Of the many radionuclides produced in nuclear and thermonuclear explosions, the primary contributors to exposure of humans are ... Zirconium-95 ... . /Zirconium-95/

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 4 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in manufacturing, processing, or use of zirconium in the United States may be as low as <10 workers and as high as 999 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

6.30e+00

9.30e+01

1.60e+00

1.00e+04

4.80e+00

Volatile

1.90e+01

2.80e+02

Zirconium is a common element present in the earth's crust and is found in concentrations ranging from 150 to 300 mg/kg. It is not found in the elemental state but usually as oxides. Zirconium occurs in the minerals zircon, malacon, baddeleyite, zirkelite, eudialyte. It is also found frequently in the rare-earth minerals and in monazite sand. Zirconium in found in S-type stars and has been identified in the sun and meteorites. Lunar rocks were found to contain high concentrations of zirconium oxide as compared with terrestrial rocks. The use and production of zirconium metal in the aviation, aerospace, chemical and surgical instrument industries, and in nuclear reactor technology may result in the release of zirconium to the environment through various waste streams. In general, metal cations in solution are attracted to the negatively charged surfaces of soil particles. The extent of adsorption of metal ions to soils depends on the pH, the mineral content, and organic content of the soil. (SRC)

Because of its very high chemical activity at temperatures only slightly above normal atm temp, the element occurs only in combined states.

The use and production of zirconium in the aviation, aerospace, chemical and surgical instrument industries, and in nuclear reactor technology(1) may result in the release of zirconium to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

Of the many radionuclides produced in nuclear and thermonuclear explosions, the primary contributors to exposure of humans are ... Zirconium-95 ... . /Zirconium-95/

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 4 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in manufacturing, processing, or use of zirconium in the United States may be as low as <10 workers and as high as 999 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

/GUIDE 135 SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ Fire or Explosion: Flammable/combustible material. May ignite on contact with moist air or moisture. May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect. Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. /Zirconium scrap; Zirconium powder, dry; Zirconium, dry, finished sheets, strips or coiled wire/

/GUIDE 135 SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ Health: Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Inhalation of decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. /Zirconium scrap; Zirconium powder, dry; Zirconium, dry, finished sheets, strips or coiled wire/

/GUIDE 135 SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Stay upwind. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Keep out of low areas. /Zirconium scrap; Zirconium powder, dry; Zirconium, dry, finished sheets, strips or coiled wire/

/GUIDE 135 SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Zirconium scrap; Zirconium powder, dry; Zirconium, dry, finished sheets, strips or coiled wire/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ZIRCONIUM, ELEMENTAL (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1358 170(powder, wet)

1932 135(scrap)

2008 135(powder, dry)

UN 1308; Zirconium suspended in a liquid

UN 1358; Zirconium powder, wetted with not less than 25 percent water (a visible excess of water must be present) (a) mechanically produced, particle size less than 53 microns; (b) chemically produced, particle size less than 840 microns

UN 1932; Zirconium scrap

UN 2008; Zirconium powder, dry

For more Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO (Complete) data for ZIRCONIUM, ELEMENTAL (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Solid

Spontaneously Combustible

Flammable Liquid

Symbol: F; R: 15-17; S: (2)-7/8-43

UN Hazard Class: 4.2; UN Pack Group: I