aluminiumtrichloride (anhydrous)

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H290 (28.1%): May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]

H314 (99.7%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (47.9%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P234, P260, P264, P264+P265, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P363, P390, P405, P406, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1577 reports by companies from 26 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P264, P264+P265, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, and P362+P364 (click each P-code to see the statement)

The GHS information provided by 1 company from 1 notification to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

INGESTION: if victim is conscious have him drink water or milk. Do NOT induce vomiting.

SKIN: flush immediately with plenty of water. For eye contact, flush with water for at least 15 mins. and get medical attention immediately. (USCG, 1999)

Call for medical aid.

INGESTION: If victim is conscious have him drink water or milk.

SKIN: Flush immediately with plenty of water.

EYES: Flush with water for at least 15 mins., lifting lids occasionally. (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

· Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]:

When material is not involved in fire, do not use water on material itself.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical or CO2. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

LARGE FIRE: Flood fire area with large quantities of water, while knocking down vapors with water fog. If insufficient water supply, responders should withdraw.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not get water inside containers. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

NO water, foam, hydrous agents. In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

DO NOT use water. Violent reaction may result. Extinguish fire using agent suitable, for surrounding fire. Extinguish adjacent fires with dry chemical carbon dioxide, or foam. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.

Stop flow of liquid before extinguishing fire. Use dry chemical or carbon dioxide. DO NOT use water as straight stream directly on spilled material. Water fog can be used to control fire. DO NOT use halogenated extinguishing agents on spilled material. Violent reaction may result. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance. /Aluminum Alkyls/

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not put water directly on leak, spill area or inside container.

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

Small Spill

· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

HCl - when spill Aluminum chloride, anhydrous into water.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 1726 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

When spilled in water

Small spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 30 m (100 ft)

Large spill:

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.1 km (0.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 0.1 km (0.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.4 km (0.2 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 1.5 km (1.0 mi)

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3).

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Remove trapped material with suction hoses.

Aluminum compounds are treated under anhydrous conditions to prevent violent reactions, recover solvent, and form Al compounds suitable for landfill by reaction with anhydrous hydrolysis agent, eg calcium hydroxide. /Aluminum compounds/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]:

Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not put water directly on leak, spill area or inside container. Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from food and feedstuffs. Dry. Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Always keep container closed, dry. Store in a noncombustible, nonsprinklered building away from all combustible material. Isolate from strong acids.

Keep tightly closed and protected from moisture.

Extremely reactive with air, moisture and compounds containing active hydrogen and therefore must be kept under a blanket of inert gas. /Aluminum alkyls/

In general, materials ... toxic as stored or which can decompose into toxic components ... Should be stored in cool ... ventilated place, out of ... sun, away from ... fire hazard ... be periodically inspected and monitored. Incompatible materials should be isolated ...

For more Storage Conditions (Complete) data for ALUMINUM CHLORIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

10 [mg/m3]

110 [mg/m3]

680 [mg/m3]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 1 mg/cu m, respirable fraction. /Aluminum metal and insoluble compounds/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Aluminum metal and insoluble compounds/

A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Aluminum metal and insouble compound/

Intermediate Oral: 1.0 mg/kg/day (L134)

Chronic Oral: 1.0 mg/kg/day (L134)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· When material is not involved in fire, do not use water on material itself.

· Dry chemical or CO2.

· Flood fire area with large quantities of water, while knocking down vapors with water fog. If insufficient water supply, responders should withdraw.

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed. A harmful concentration of hydrogen chloride vapours can be reached (very) quickly.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion.

All personnel in the area should wear safety clothing, including fully closed goggles, rubber or plastic-coated gloves, rubber shoes, and coveralls of acid-resistant material. An acid-vapor canister mask should be carried in case of emergency. In certain applications, it may be advisable to wear this equipment on a routine basis. (USCG, 1999)

Wear impervious protective clothing and gloves to prevent skin contact. Wear splashproof chemical safety goggles and approved respirator. (USCG, 1999)

Wear special protective clothing and positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus.

Wear goggles, self-contained breathing apparatus and rubber clothing

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. /Aluminum (soluble salts and alkyls, as Al/

Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. /Aluminum (soluble salts and alkyls, as Al)/

Protective clothing and a high standard of training in the necessary precautionary measures are essential for the handling of the materials. /Aluminum alkyls/

NO contact with water.

AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Aluminum chloride, anhydrous appears as a white to gray powder with a pungent odor. Corrosive to tissue and toxic by ingestion.

Aluminum chloride, solution appears as a straw-colored liquid. Denser than water. Contact may cause severe irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion.

Liquid; CBI; Large Crystals; Other Solid; Dry Powder

White crystals or powder with strong odor of hydrogen chloride; [HSDB] Pure material is deliquescent solid. Commercially available as anhydrous, the hexahydrate and as 16.5%, 28%, and 80% solutions; [CHEMINFO]

COLOURLESS-TO-WHITE POWDER. TURNS GREY-TO-YELLOW ON EXPOSURE TO MOISTURE.

White when pure; ordinarily gray or yellow to greenish

White, hexagonal crystals or powder

White or colorless hexagonal deliquescent or moisture sensitive plates

STRONG ODOR OF HYDROGEN CHLORIDE

230 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

182.7 °C at 752 mm Hg /Sublimation temperature/

180 °C @760 [mm Hg]

381 °F (USCG, 1999)

-30 °F (USCG, 1999)

192.6 °C

MP: 190 °C at 2.5 atmospheres, sublimes readily at 178 °C /Aluminum chloride anhydrous/

MP: decomposes /Aluminum chloride hydrate/

Water reactive

Soluble in benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform.

Freely soluble in many organic solvents, such as benzophenone, nitrobenzene.

Solubility in water: reaction

2.44 at 77 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.28 (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

2.44 g/cm³

2.44 @25 °C

1 mm Hg at 100.0 °C

1 [mm Hg] @100 °C

Low melting solids or colorless, volatile liquids. /Alkylaluminum halides/

Less sensitive than trialkylaminums to oxidation upon exposure to air. /Alkylaluminum halides/

Not flammable (USCG, 1999)

Gives water a bitter astringent taste, with perception threshold at a concentration of 0.1 mg/L; odor perception threshold is 0.5 mg/L (calculating on the aluminum ion).

VAP: 1 Pa at 58.4 °C; 10 Pa at 76.5 °C; 100 Pa at 97.1 °C; 1 kPa at 120.7 °C; 10 kPa at 148.2 °C; 100 kPa at 180.5 °C (solid at each temp)

Fumes in air, strong odor of HCl; when heated in small quantities volatilizes without melting. Combines with water with explosive violence and liberation of much heat.

Hygroscopic

Enthalpy of fusion: 35.4 kJ/mol at MP

For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for ALUMINUM CHLORIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

pseudobinary system

crystal structure

enthalpy

isothermal section

Fumes in moist air (forms a large amount of hydrogen chloride gas). Reacts with active metals in the presence of moisture to produce hydrogen and HCl gases.

Based on a scenario where the chemical is spilled into an excess of water (at least 5 fold excess of water), half of the maximum theoretical yield of Hydrogen Chloride gas will be created in 0.02 minutes. Experimental details are in the following: "Development of the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Distances for the 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook", ANL/DIS-09-2, D.F. Brown, H.M. Hartmann, W.A. Freeman, and W.D. Haney, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, June 2009.

Fumes in air.

Acids, Strong Non-oxidizing

Halogenating Agents

Water and Aqueous Solutions

Known Catalytic Activity

Water-Reactive

Air-Reactive

CSL00011

NITROBENZENE + ALUMINUM CHLORIDE

Explosive decomposition > 120°C observed on kg scale

Not Available

Friedel Crafts

User-Reported

CSL00138

NITROBENZENE + DIPHENYLACETYLENE + ALUMINUM CHLORIDE

Aluminum chloride-nitrobenzene mixtures explode with existence of diphenylacetylene

Explosive

M (up to 100g)

Dissolve aluminum chloride in nitrobenzene in the presence of an oxidizable organic component should always be conducted initially on a small scale and with proper shielding in the event of an explosion.

ACS Safety Letters

ALUMINUM CHLORIDE behaves as an acidic salt. Self-reactive. After long storage in closed containers, explosions often occur upon opening [Chem. Abst. 41:6723d 1947]. Can cause ethylene(also other alkenes) to polymerize violently [J. Inst. Pet. 33:254 1947]. Causes ethylene oxide to rearrange and polymerize, liberating heat [J. Soc. Chem. Ind. 68:179 1949]. Can catalyze violent polymerization of allyl chloride [Ventrone 1971]. Addition to nitrobenzene containing about 5% phenol caused a violent explosion [Chem. Eng. News 31:4915 1953]. Mixtures with nitromethane may explode when organic matter is present [Chem. Eng. News 26:2257 1948].

ALUMINUM CHLORIDE, SOLUTION is an aqueous solution of an acidic salt. Reacts exothermically with bases. May cause ethylene (also other alkenes) to polymerize violently [J. Inst. Pet. 33:254 1947].

... Will react with water or steam to produce heat, toxic or corrosive fumes of /hydrochloric acid/.

Incompatibilities: alkali hydroxides and carbonates, borax, and lime water precipitates aluminum hydroxide from solution of aluminum chloride. It possesses incompatibilities of chlorides.

Aluminum chloride hydrolyzes in water to aluminum hydroxide & hydrochloric acid.

Incompatable with nitrobenzenes or nitrobenzene and phenol /mixtures/.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for ALUMINUM CHLORIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The main target organs of aluminum are the central nervous system and bone. Aluminum binds with dietary phosphorus and impairs gastrointestinal absorption of phosphorus. The decreased phosphate body burden results in osteomalacia (softening of the bones due to defective bone mineralization) and rickets. Aluminum's neurotoxicity is believed to involve several mechanisms. Changes in cytoskeletal protein functions as a results of altered phosphorylation, proteolysis, transport, and synthesis are believed to be one cause. Aluminum may induce neurobehavioral effects by affecting permeability of the blood-brain barrier, cholinergic activity, signal transduction pathways, lipid peroxidation, and impair neuronal glutamate nitric oxide-cyclic GMP pathway, as well as interfere with metabolism of essential trace elements because of similar coordination chemistries and consequent competitive interactions. It has been suggested that aluminum's interaction with estrogen receptors increases the expression of estrogen-related genes and thereby contributes to the progression of breast cancer (A235), but studies have not been able to establish a clear link between aluminum and increased risk of breast cancer (A15468). Certain aluminum salts induce immune responses by activating inflammasomes. (L739, A235, A236)

A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Aluminum metal and insouble compound/

Not listed by IARC. IARC classified aluminum production as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1), but did not implicate aluminum itself as a human carcinogen. (L135) A link between use of aluminum-containing antiperspirants and increased risk of breast cancer has been proposed (A235), but studies have not been able to establish a clear link (A15468).

Aluminum targets the nervous system and causes decreased nervous system performance and is associated with altered function of the blood-brain barrier. The accumulation of aluminum in the body may cause bone or brain diseases. High levels of aluminum have been linked to Alzheimer's disease. A small percentage of people are allergic to aluminium and experience contact dermatitis, digestive disorders, vomiting or other symptoms upon contact or ingestion of products containing aluminium. (L739, L740)

Oral (L739) ; inhalation (L739)

Burning sensation. Cough. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Sore throat.

Skin burns.

Severe deep burns.

Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Shock or collapse.

Inhalating aluminum dust causes coughing and abnormal chest X-rays. A small percentage of people are allergic to aluminium and experience contact dermatitis, digestive disorders, vomiting or other symptoms upon contact or ingestion of products containing aluminium. (L739, L740)

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Asthma - Reversible bronchoconstriction (narrowing of bronchioles) initiated by the inhalation of irritating or allergenic agents.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

Recommended adult daily allowance for chlorine /as chloride/ at 2-4 g. /Chlorine; from Table 1/

LD50: 222 mg/kg (Oral, Mouse) (L739)

LD50: 105 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (A553)

LD50 Swiss Webster Mouse oral 222 mg Al/kg

LD50 Dobra Voda Mice oral 770 mg Al/kg

LD50 Sprague-Dawley Rat oral 370 mg Al/kg

LD50 Guinea pig oral 400 mg aluminum chloride/kg. /From table/

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for ALUMINUM CHLORIDE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

The effect of di- and trivalent iron on the intestinal absorption of aluminum was studied in an in situ perfusion system of rat small intestine in combination with systemic and portal blood sampling. The small intestine of female Wistar rats (6 animals/group) was perfused with media containing 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, and 25.0 mmol/l aluminum as aluminum chloride hexahydrate, with or without 5 mmol/l ferrous chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2.4H2O) or ferric chloride hexahydrate for 60 min. The disappearance of aluminum or iron from the perfusion medium, which is a measure for uptake from the intestinal lumen, was calculated. After perfusion, samples of small intestine were collected. Control tissue samples were taken from a rat perfused with saline for 60 min and from a nonperfused rat. In the rats perfused with aluminum and/or iron there was no morphological damage to the intestinal wall compared with the saline and nonperfused controls. It was shown that iron(II) enhanced the uptake of aluminum from about 30 min of perfusion onward, with all concentrations of aluminum perfusion media tested. Significant increases were reached after 60 min of perfusion with 10, 15, and 25 mmol aluminum/l, except for the 20 mmol Aluminum/l. Iron(III) did not affect aluminum disappearance at any point during perfusion. Aluminum appeared after the 60 min perfusion period in both systemic and portal blood. Both iron(II) and iron(III) were absorbed after 60 min perfusion, with the divalent iron being more extensively absorbed. The rise of the aluminum level in portal blood was slightly higher than that in systemic blood suggesting a possible liver trapping of aluminum before entering the peripheral circulation. Iron(II) reduced the appearance of Aluminum in both systemic and portal blood after 60 min perfusion, at all aluminum perfusion concentrations used. Iron(III) did not affect aluminum absorption during 60 min perfusion for all concentrations of aluminum perfusion media. /Aluminum chloride hexahydrate/

Four factorially arranged expt of 7 wk duration were performed with weanling Sprague-Dawley male rats. The variables in each expt were, in ug/g fresh diet, boron supplements of 0 and 3 ug/g; aluminum (as aluminum chloride) supplements of 0 and 1000 ug/g, and magnesium supplements of 100 and 400 ug/g (expt 1 and 4), or 100, 200, and 400 ug/g (expt 2 and 3). All supplements were added as dry mixes to the diet. In expt 1 and 2, 20 ug manganese/g was supplemented; in expt 3 and 4 the supplement was 50 ug/g. High dietary aluminum seemed most toxic when dietary magnesium was low enough to cause a marked growth depression 100 ug/g. High dietary aluminum elevated the spleen wt/body wt and liver wt/body wt ratios in magnesium deficient, but not in magnesium adequate rats. High dietary aluminum depressed the concn of magnesium in bone more markedly in magnesium deficient than adequate rats. On the other hand, aluminum seemed most toxic when dietary boron was not low. Aluminum more markedly depressed growth in boron supplemented than boron deprived rats. In the boron deprived rats fed 400 ug magnesium/g of diet, high dietary aluminum (1000 ug/g) apparently was beneficial; in expt 2 and 3, hematocrit, and hemoglobin were actually normalized by high dietary aluminum. Plasma magnesium was significantly depressed by high dietary aluminum when the magnesium supplement was 50 ug/g diet but not when it was 20 ug/g diet. However, growth was more markedly depressed by high dietary aluminum in boron supplemented rats when the magnesium supplement was 20 rather than 50 ug/g diet.

Male Sprague Dawley rat cerebral cortical slices were exposed to 0 (control), 10, 20, 50, 100 or 250 uM aluminum trichloride (aluminum chloride before addition of 20 ul 2-chloroadenosine (0-200 uM), isoproterenol (0 to 10 uM), or forskolin (0 to 10 uM). Aluminum chloride had no effect on the cyclic adenosine monophosphate concn in the absence of drugs that stimulate the synthesis of cyclic adenosin monophosphate. 2-Chloroadenosine (25 to 200 uM) significantly stimulated the synthesis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in a concn dependent manner, and Aluminum chloride significantly potentiated this response at 50 and 100 uM 2-chloroadenosine. This effect of aluminum chloride was dependent on preexposure (for 30 min) of the slices to aluminum chloride before addition of the agonist. The potentiation by aluminum chloride of the 2-chloroadenosine induced incr in cyclic adenosine monophosphate level was concn dependent, with significant enhancement by 100 uM (142% of control) and 250 uM (150% of control) aluminum chloride. Lower concn of aluminum chloride had no significant effect on the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate stimulated by 2-chloroadenosine. Aluminum chloride also potentiated the isoproterenol induced incr in cyclic adenosine monophosphate production. Forskolin induced production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate was unaltered by the presence of aluminum chloride.

Plants of beech (Fagus sylvatica) were grown on nutrient solutions with various concn of phosphate (0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mM) and aluminum (0, 0.1, and 1.0 mM) and at low pH (usually 4.2). About half of the supplied aluminum occurred as Al(+3) under these conditions. The vacuolar inorganic phosphate concn of excised fine roots were determined by (31)phosphorus NMR. In roots of plants treated with 0.1 mM aluminum trichloride, the vacuolar inorganic phosphate concn did not change over a period of 21 days. In contrast, plants treated with 1.0 mM aluminum chloride for about 1 day (18 to 29 hr) generally contained somewhat higher vacuolar inorganic phosphate concn in the roots than did control plants. Longer treatment (3 to 21 days) at the high aluminum level caused a continuously decr vacuolar inorganic phosphate concn in the root (22% of control after 21 days). In the presence of 1.0 mM aluminum chloride, plants with different phosphorus status showed about the same relative decr of vacuolar inorganic phosphate concn. After transfer of control plants to a phosphorus and aluminum free nutrient solution, vacuolar inorganic phosphate concn of roots decr in a manner similar to that for the 1.0 mM aluminum treatment.

For more Interactions (Complete) data for ALUMINUM CHLORIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/Exposure to aluminum chloride:/ Dust: Irritating to eyes, nose and throat. Harmful if inhaled. Move to fresh air if beathing has stopped, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Solid: Will burn skin and eyes. Harmful if swallowed. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Flush affected areas with plenty of water. If in eyes, hold eyelids open and flush with plenty of water. If swallowed and victim is conscious, have victim drink water or milk. Do not induce vomiting.

Employment and periodic physical examinations should give special consideration to the skin, eyes and lungs. Lung function should be followed.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... Patch tests with standard antigens and aluminum compounds and histopathologic and ultrastructural studies were performed on 10 patients with persistent subcutaneous nodules on the upper part of their arms after injection of aluminum-adsorbed dust and/or pollen extracts. The nodules appeared 1 month to 6.5 yr after injections. The results of patch tests with 2% aluminum chloride were positive in 5 patients. Histopathologic examination revealed two different patterns: some biopsy specimens (from lesions of <9 months' duration) showed a pure foreign body histiocytic reaction characterized by extracellular amorphous dermal basophilic deposits with a histiocytic-macrophagic reaction; others showed a delayed hypersensitivity granulomatous reaction in association with an histiocytic foreign body response. The lesions were characterized by a unifocal or multifocal unencapsulated granulomatous reaction in the deep dermis and/or subcutaneous tissue. Eosinophilic necrotic areas surrounded by dense fibrous bands and a massive inflammatory infiltrate (lymphoid follicles, large histiocytic cells, abundant eosinophils, and some plasma cells) were observed. A granular basophilic material in extracellular spaces and within the cytoplasm of some histiocytes was also noted. Electron microscopic studies revealed intracytoplasmic and extracellular deposits of a fibrillar electron-dense material.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ .../It/ is caustic and irritating to eyes... but in only 1 out of 5 instances of industrial corneal burns has healing been delayed beyond two days...

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ /Anhydrous aluminum chloride is a/ powerful irritant to tissue; moderately toxic by ingestion.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ /Aluminum chloride (anhydrous)/ causes severe eye and skin burns. Irritating to skin, eye, and respiratory system.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for ALUMINUM CHLORIDE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Male Sprague-Dawley rats (three per treatment group) were administered 0, 2, 10, 20, or 40 mg aluminum per kilogram ip per day for 3 days as aluminum chloride in saline. Animals were killed 24 hr later. Aluminum was found to inhibit hepatic drug metabolism in a dose-dependent fashion. The lowest dose (2 mg or 75 umol/kg) had no effect on the parameters measured, whereas the highest dose (40 mg or 1.5 mmol/kg) caused a 52% decrease in cytochrome p450, a 71% decrease in p-nitrophenetole O-deethylase activity, and a 77% decrease in ethylmorphine N-demethylase activity. Hepatic glutathione levels were unaffected by aluminum, whereas metallothionein was induced in both liver and kidney. The distribution of endogenous metals normally associated with metallothionein was altered by aluminum administration. At the highest dose of aluminum (40 mg/kg), zinc levels were increased in liver cytosol (154%), while copper levels were unchanged in liver, but decreased in kidney (70%). Aluminum was present in the liver and kidney. Of the aluminum in the liver, less than 5% was in the cytosol, bound to a metallothionein-like protein.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Treatment of chickens with /aluminum chloride/ (5 mg Al/kg bw ip for 5 days) partially blocked the intestinal calcium absorption response to vitamin D in vitamin-D-deficient animals, although serum calcium levels were elevated. No consistent effects of aluminium on the bone calcium mobilization response to vitamin D or 1,25(OH)2D3 were noted. .../It was/ concluded that the ability of the intestine to respond normally to 1,25(OH)2D3 may be compromised by the aluminium application.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The acute toxic response is confined to the more soluble forms of aluminum, the chloride and simple and complex sulfates for which the acute toxicity for laboratory animals has been determined. The oral LD50 of aluminum chloride for mice is reported to be 770 mg/kg as aluminum ... . Acute aluminum chloride poisoning resulted in increased blood glucose, decreased liver glycogen; and increased incorporation of 32P in the liver of rats. ...

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Alkaline phosphatase levels in rats decreased within 3 hours following oral administration of 17 mg aluminum chloride/kg bw.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for ALUMINUM CHLORIDE (62 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50 Polychaete Neanthes arenaceodentata >2.0 mg/L/96 hr; static, 20-25 °C, pH 7.6-8.0

LC50 Polychaete Ctenodrilus serratus 0.48 mg/L/96 hr; static, pH 7.6-8.0

LC50 Polychaete Neanthes arenaceodentata >2.0 mg/L/96 hr; static, 20-25 °C, pH 7.6-8.0

LC50 Polychaete Ctenodrilus serratus 0.48 mg/L/96 hr; static, pH 7.6-8.0

LC50 Daphnia magna (Water flea, age: <24 hr) 3.9 mg/L/48 hr; static, 17-19 °C, hardness: 44-53 mg CaCO3/L, pH 7.4-8.2

LC50 Copepod Netocra spinipes (adult) >10 mg/L/96 hr (95% confidence interval: 7.5-13.4 mg/L); static, 20 °C, 7% salinity, pH 8.0

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for ALUMINUM CHLORIDE (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The effects of aluminum trichloride contamination of the rearing water on catfish composition were investigated. Young catfish were exposed to the test substance at concentrations of 10, 50, and 100 ppm (10, 50, 100 mg/L, respectively) for 6 weeks. The rearing water was replaced weekly; control fish were kept in water free of supplements. Mortality and stress signs were recorded. At the end of the study, surviving fish were sacrificed, autopsied and analyzed chemically for moisture, ash content, total protein content, ether extract, and mineral content; gross energy was determined by bomb calorimetry. Contamination with aluminum trichloride caused increased mortality (the corrected mortality was 0.12, 0.33, and 0.70 in the low, mid, and high dose group, respectively). Pathology revealed hemorrhages and congestions of the gastrointestinal tract and of the kidneys. Protein content was decreased showing a trend to dose-response, however, this decrease was not statistically significant. Ether extract was increased in treated fish; according to the authors, this change was considered to be related to the pollutant level. Generally, gross energy was slightly increased in treated fish. Muscular contents of ash, calcium, magnesium, and lead were significantly increased; contents of sodium, potassium, and phosphorus was decreased.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) fitted with dorsal aortic cannulae were exposed in a flow-through soft water system to three acidities (pH 5.2, 4.8, or 4.4) and two concentrations of calcium (45 or 410 uequiv/L), in the presence (105 ug/L) or absence of aluminum in the form of aluminum chloride. Mortalities were recorded and blood was sampled for respiratory gases, ions, metabolites, and hematology before and at 4, 18, 28, 42, and 66 hr. Aluminum was most toxic to cannulated rainbow trout at pH 5.2 and least toxic at pH 4.4. Higher water calcium concentrations reduced mortality owing to aluminum at pH 5.2 and 4.8, but had no significant effect at pH 4.4, where mortality was 0-35% in the presence or absence of aluminum. Most fish deaths occurred between 42 and 66 hr, with the exception of the aluminum exposure at pH 5.2, low calcium treatment, where 4 of 10 fish died at about 30 hr. Two toxic mechanisms of aluminum and acidity were seen: ionoregulatory toxicity, which was caused by aluminum at pH 5.2 and 4.8 and by acidity at pH 4.4, and respiratory toxicity, which was caused solely by aluminum, and was greatest at higher pH. Ionoregulatory toxicity involved decreases in plasma sodium + and chlorine -, red cell swelling, and hemoconcentration. Respiratory toxicity involved reduced blood oxygen tension, elevated blood carbon dioxide tension, and increases in blood lactate.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ 2, 4, and 8 ppm /aluminum chloride hexahydrate/ was lethal for 0, 20, and 20% /respectively/, of carps /(Cyprinus carpio)/ after 48 hr. After 24 hr: 4 ppm lethal for 10%; 8 ppm lethal for 30%.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) 1 day post hatch larvae, 12 day post hatch larvae, and 4 wk post hatch juveniles were exposed to combinations of acid and inorganic aluminum (aluminum, as aluminum trichloride) for 96 hr in the laboratory. Life stages were exposed, under flow through conditions, to 4 nominal pH levels: 4.5, 5.5, 6.5 and 7.5 (control), and 5 nominal aluminum concentrations: 0 (control) 50, 100, 200, and 400 ug/L in fresh water with a total hardness of 20 to 24 mg/L as calcium chloride Theoretical speciation of the measured total dissolved monomeric aluminum was performed in order to estimate the toxic forms of aluminum. The ranking of life stage sensitivities to acid alone was 1 day larvae, most sensitive, followed by 12 day larvae and juveniles. At pH 4.5, all three stages exhibited 100% mortality in all aluminum treatments and controls. At pH 4.5 and 400 ug/L nominal aluminum (total dissolved monomeric aluminum= 384 ug/L), 12 day larvae experienced 95.5% mortality after only 6 hr exposure. At pH 5.5, 90 to 100% mortality occurred in all but the 50 ug/L aluminum treatment and the no aluminum control. At pH 5.5, hydroxoid species of aluminum were the predominate forms of the total dissolved monomeric aluminum. At pH 6.5 and 7.5, aluminum was not toxic to the 1 day larvae and juveniles, but the mortality of 12 day larvae exposed to aluminum (predominately hydroxy species) ranged from 18 to 68% with no clear dose response. Addition of inorganic aluminum to the 4 pH conditions significantly increased mortality of all 3 life stages (P<0.001).

For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for ALUMINUM CHLORIDE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

Aluminum chloride hydrolyzes in water to aluminum hydroxide & hydrochloric acid.

Combines with water with explosive violence and liberation of much heat.

Aluminum compounds are treated under anhydrous conditions to prevent violent reactions, recover solvent, and form Al compounds suitable for landfill by reaction with anhydrous hydrolysis agent, eg calcium hydroxide. /Aluminum compounds/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Cover any spills with sufficient amounts of sodium bicarbonate. Remove the mixture into a container such as a fiber drum, plastic bag or carton box for easy disposal in an incinerator, and dispose by burning in a furnace.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY. /Aluminum chloride, anhydrous/

Table: Table of Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Aluminum chloride, anhydrous (when spilled in water) [Table#1703]

Table of Water-Reactive Materials Which Produce Toxic Gases /Aluminum chloride, anhydrous/

Table: Materials Which Produce Large Amounts of Toxic-by-Inhalation (TIH) Gas(es) When Spilled in Water [Table#1704]

/GUIDE 137: SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE - CORROSIVE/ Health: CORROSIVE and/or TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns, or death. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat which will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Aluminum chloride, anhydrous/

/GUIDE 137: SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE - CORROSIVE/ Fire or Explosion: ... Some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily. May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Substance will react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases. Flammable/toxic gases may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Aluminum chloride, anhydrous/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ALUMINUM CHLORIDE (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1726; Aluminum chloride, anhydrous

UN 2581; Aluminum chloride, solution

IMO 8.0; Aluminum chloride, anhydrous

IMO 8.0; Aluminum chloride, solution

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

Corrosive

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: C; R: 34; S: (1/2)-7/8-28-45

UN Hazard Class: 8; UN Pack Group: II