ethylamine

H220: Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P203, P210, P222, P261, P264+P265, P271, P280, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P337+P317, P377, P381, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H220 (88.7%): Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]

H280 (32.5%): Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]

H302 (13.7%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (13.7%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314 (11.3%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (10.7%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H319 (88.7%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332 (26.2%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (89.4%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P203, P210, P222, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P337+P317, P361+P364, P363, P377, P381, P403, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1808 reports by companies from 25 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P273, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H333: May be harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P222, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P317, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P377, P381, P403, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P203, P210, P222, P261, P264+P265, P271, P280, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P319, P337+P317, P377, P381, P403, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water, do NOT remove clothes. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention . Remove contaminated clothes.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: CAUTION: Exposure of skin to compressed gases may result in freezing of the skin. Treatment for frostbite may be necessary. Remove the victim from the source of contamination. IMMEDIATELY wash affected areas gently with COLD water (and soap, if necessary) while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Dry carefully with clean, soft towels. Call a hospital or poison control center IMMEDIATELY even if no symptoms (such as inflammation or irritation) develop. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected area if advised to do so by a physician.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: This compound is a gas, therefore inhalation is the first route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

· In case of contact with liquefied gas, only medical personnel should attempt thawing frosted parts.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately (liquid)

Skin: Water flush immediately (liquid)

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately (liquid)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 118 [Gases - Flammable - Corrosive]:

DO NOT EXTINGUISH A LEAKING GAS FIRE UNLESS LEAK CAN BE STOPPED.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical or CO2.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

Some of these materials may react violently with water.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal. Do not get water inside containers.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Shut off supply; if not possible and no risk to surroundings, let the fire burn itself out. In other cases extinguish with dry powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

Use water spray, dry powder, alcohol-resistant foam. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Gas: Do not extinguish fire unless the flow of gas can be stopped and any remaining gas is out of the line. Specially trained personnel may use fog lines to cool exposures and let the fire burn itself out ... Solution: Shut off supply. If not possible and no risk to surroundings, let fire burn itself out; in other cases use dry chemical, carbon dioxide.

To stop fire, stop flow of gas, use alcohol foam, dry chemical.

For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for ETHYLAMINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Vapors are heavier than air and may travel a considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material.

· For hydrazine, absorb with DRY sand or inert absorbent (vermiculite or absorbent pads).

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).

· If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.

· Isolate area until gas has dispersed.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 118 [Gases - Flammable - Corrosive]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Remove all ignition sources. NEVER direct water jet on liquid.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Ventilation. Remove all ignition sources. Cautiously neutralize spilled liquid. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Accidental release measures: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas.; Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.; Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Clean up promptly by sweeping or vacuum.

Overspread /spill with/ sufficient sodium bisulfate and sprinkle /with/ water.

Eliminate all ignition sources. Approach release from upwind. Use water spray to cool and disperse vapors, protect personnel, and dilute spills, to form nonflammable mixtures. Absorb in noncombustible material for proper disposal. Control runoff and isolate discharged materials for proper disposal.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 118 [Gases - Flammable - Corrosive]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material. For hydrazine, absorb with DRY sand or inert absorbent (vermiculite or absorbent pads). Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Cool.

Fireproof. Cool. Well closed. Separated from acids and oxidants.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities: Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Storage class (TRGS 510): Gases

Ethylamine must be stored to avoid contact with strong acids (such as hydrochloric, sulfuric and nitric), or strong oxidizers (such as chlorine and bromine) because violent reactions occur. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat. Sources of ignition such as smoking and open flames are prohibited where methylamine is handled, used, or stored. Metal containers involving the transfer of 5 gallons or more of ethylamine should be grounded and bonded. Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters. Use only non-sparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of ethylamine. Procedures for the handling, use and storage of cylinders should be in compliance with OSHA 1910.101 and 1910.169 as with the recommendations of the Compressed Gas Association.

Keep well closed and protected from light.

Separate from oxidizing materials, acids, and sources of halogens. Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated, noncombustible location.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

5.0 [ppm]

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

Level of Distinct Odor Awareness = 0.74 ppm

AEGLs Status: Interim

7.5 [ppm]

49 [ppm]

270 [ppm]

10 ppm (18 mg/m³)

TWA 10 ppm (18 mg/m3)

10.0 [ppm]

600 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

600 ppm [From NPG: Ethylamine] (NIOSH, 2024)

600.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: The chosen IDLH is based on the UCC [1958] report that a 4­hour exposure to 4,000 ppm killed 1 of 6 rats. . . . \\ Human data: None relevant for use in determining the revised IDLH.

See: 75047

15.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 5 ppm; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 15 ppm, skin.

5 ppm as TWA; 15 ppm as STEL; (skin).

5 ppm [2012]

15 ppm [2012]

9.4 mg/m

· Some of these materials may react violently with water.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

· Do not get water inside containers.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Ethylamine appears as a colorless liquid or a gas (boiling point 62 °F) with an odor of ammonia. Flash point less than 0 °F. Density of liquid 5.7 lb / gal. Corrosive to the skin and eyes. Vapors are heavier than air. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Exposure of the closed container to intense heat may cause it to rupture violently and rocket.

Ethylamine, aqueous solution, with not less than 50% but not more than 70% ethylamine appears as an aqueous solution of a gas. Odor ranges from fishlike to ammonia-like as the vapor concentration increases. Corrosive to skin and eyes. Less dense than water. Vapors are heavier than air. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.

Gas Vapor; Liquid

Colorless gas or water-white liquid (below 62 degrees F) with an ammonia-like odor; Note: Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS COMPRESSED LIQUEFIED GAS WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

COLOURLESS SOLUTION IN WATER WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

Colourless to yellow gas; Ammonia fishy aroma

Colorless gas or water-white liquid (below 62 °F) with an ammonia-like odor.

Colorless gas or water-white liquid (below 62 °F) with an ammonia-like odor. [Note: Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas.]

Colorless gas or water-white liquid (below 62 degrees F) [Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas]

Volatile liquid or gas

Colorless liquid or gas, depending on the ambient temperature

Ammonia odor

61.9 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

16.00 to 17.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

16.6 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-114 °F (NTP, 1992)

-81.2 °C

-80.6 °C

less than 0 °F (NTP, 1992)

less than 0 °F (NFPA, 2010)

Guide from Emergency Response Guidebook is for "Ethylamine, aqueous solution, with not less than 50% but not more than 70% Ethylamine." Flash point < 0 °F

-36.99 °C (-34.58 °F) - closed cup

<-17 °C (closed cup)

< 0 °F (<-18 °C) (open cup)

-17 °C c.c.

-18 °C c.c.

Very soluble (NTP, 1992)

Miscible with water

Miscible with ethanol, ether

Solubility in water: miscible

Soluble in water

Soluble (in ethanol)

Miscible

0.687 at 59 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.689 g/cu cm at 15 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.7 (liquid)

Relative density (water = 1): 0.81

0.682-0.686 (10 °C)

0.69 (liquid)

Highly flammable. Water soluble.

Water soluble.

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

Water and Aqueous Solutions

Highly Flammable

Sensitive to heat. Reacts vigorously with oxidizing agents. Incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Incompatible with cellulose nitrate. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. Also incompatible with oxidizing agents. A chemical base. Neutralizes acids to form salts plus water in an exothermic reaction Dissolves most paints, plastics and rubber (NTP, 1992).

ETHYLAMINE is a base, neutralizing acids to form salts plus water in exothermic reactions. Dissolution in water moderates but does not nullify its reactivity. Sensitive to heat. Reacts vigorously with oxidizing materials. Incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Incompatible with cellulose nitrate. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. Also incompatible with oxidizing agents. A chemical base. Neutralizes acids to form salts plus water in an exothermic reaction Dissolves most paints, plastics and rubber. (NTP, 1992).

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents, nickel, copper, strong acids, zinc. Ethylamine, anhydrous is packaged in steel cylinders. Cool to 0 °C before opening. Incompatible with silver, mercury and brass.

The aqueous solution is a strong base. Forms explosive mixture with air. Reacts violently with strong acids, strong oxidizers, cellulose nitrate, and organic compounds causing fire and explosion hazard. Also incompatible with organic anhydrides, isocyanates, vinyl acetate, acrylates, substituted allyls, alkylene oxides, epichlorohydrin, ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, glycols, phenols, cresols, caprolactum solution. Attacks nonferrous metals: aluminum, copper, lead, tin, zinc and alloys, some plastics, rubber and coatings.

Incompatible with cellulose nitrate or oxidizers.

Strong acids; strong oxidizers; copper, tin and zinc in presense of moisture; cellulose nitrate; chlorine; hypochlorites.

Strong acids; strong oxidizers; copper, tin & zinc in presence of moisture; cellulose nitrate; chlorine; hypochlorites

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Ethylamine (EA) is a colorless gas or water-white liquid (below 62 degrees F). It is used in resin chemistry; as stabilizer for rubber latex; intermediate for dyestuffs, medicinals; in oil refining; in organic syntheses. EA has been identified as being used in hydraulic fracturing as a crosslinker. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Gas, vapor or liquid of aliphatic amines is highly irritating and can cause serious injuries to eyes or skin. Irritation of the respiratory tract can result in rhinorrhea, coughing, and dyspnea. Laryngospasm and signs of pulmonary edema (shortness of breath, cyanosis, and expectoration) may occur. For most exposed individuals symptoms will clear over several weeks or months. Survivors of severe inhalation injury, especially if chest x-ray and pulmonary function abnormalities are associated, may suffer residual chronic lung disease. In cases of eye contact with liquid aliphatic amines, permanent damage and impairment of vision can result. Ethylamine has been reported to cause adrenal cortical gland necrosis. Of the three adrenal gland areas, medulla, zona glomerulosa, and zona fasciculata/reticularis, the last is most sensitive to toxic injury, which is the case with ethylamine. Sensitivity of endocrine glands to toxic insult occurs in the following decreasing order: adrenal, testis, thyroid, ovary, pancreas, pituitary, and parathyroid. ANIMAL STUDIES: A 70% solution applied to the skin of guinea pigs resulted in prompt skin burns leading to necrosis; when it was held in contact with guinea pigs for 2 hr, there was severe skin irritation with extensive necrosis and deep scarring. When applied to the skin of a rabbit, a small amount of redness was produced, indicating the material to be only mildly irritating to the skin. After an inhalatory experiment in which rats were exposed for four hours to concentrations of 5000-12000 mg/cu m, ethylamine mainly acted on the eyes (swelling and milky look of the cornea, swollen eyes), nose (watery secretion), skin (etching effect on the eyelid), and the lungs (dyspnea). Morphological examination of the animals which died revealed an acute hyperemia in the brain and blood filled spots with border emphysema in the lung. Rabbits exposed 7hr/day, 5days/week for 6 weeks at 50 ppm ethylamine produced irritation of the lungs and eyes. The lung lesions included peribronchitis and pneumonitis with thickening of small blood vessels. The ocular changes involved multiple epithelial erosions and edema of the cornea along with edema of the nictitating membrane. Focal muscular degeneration of the heart was seen in some rabbits. After 14 days feeding experiments with 2.5% with mice and rats, mega mitochondria are induced. Oxidative phosphorylation is not changed and the mega mitochondria formation is reversible. EA was negative in the Salmonella typhimurium assay, Escherichia coli, and produced an increase in sister-chromatid exchanges in Chinese Hamster V79 cells.

Uremic toxins such as ethylamine are actively transported into the kidneys via organic ion transporters (especially OAT3). Increased levels of uremic toxins can stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species. This seems to be mediated by the direct binding or inhibition by uremic toxins of the enzyme NADPH oxidase (especially NOX4 which is abundant in the kidneys and heart) (A7868). Reactive oxygen species can induce several different DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) which are involved in the silencing of a protein known as KLOTHO. KLOTHO has been identified as having important roles in anti-aging, mineral metabolism, and vitamin D metabolism. A number of studies have indicated that KLOTHO mRNA and protein levels are reduced during acute or chronic kidney diseases in response to high local levels of reactive oxygen species (A7869).

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Chronic exposure to uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption (liquid), ingestion (liquid), skin and/or eye contact (liquid)

Endogenous, Ingestion, Dermal (contact)

Cough. Laboured breathing. Sore throat.

ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain.

Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Diarrhoea.

irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; skin burns, dermatitis

As a uremic toxin, this compound can cause uremic syndrome. Uremic syndrome may affect any part of the body and can cause nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weight loss. It can also cause changes in mental status, such as confusion, reduced awareness, agitation, psychosis, seizures, and coma. Abnormal bleeding, such as bleeding spontaneously or profusely from a very minor injury can also occur. Heart problems, such as an irregular heartbeat, inflammation in the sac that surrounds the heart (pericarditis), and increased pressure on the heart can be seen in patients with uremic syndrome. Shortness of breath from fluid buildup in the space between the lungs and the chest wall (pleural effusion) can also be present.

Eyes, skin, respiratory system

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LC50 (rat) = 5,540 ppm/1H

LD50 Rabbit dermal 265 mg/kg bw

LC50 Rat inhalation 12.6 mg/L/4 hr

LD50 Rabbit dermal 360 mg/kg bw

LD50 Rat oral 530 mg/kg bw

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for ETHYLAMINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Kidney dialysis is usually needed to relieve the symptoms of uremic syndrome until normal kidney function can be restored.

Immediate first aid: Remove patient from contact with material. Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Inorganic Bases/Alkaline Corrosives and Related Compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 6 to 12 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize. Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Inorganic Bases/Alkaline Corrosives and Related Compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first signs of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Inorganic Bases/Alkaline Corrosives and Related Compounds/

Before beginning employment and at regular times after that, the following are recommended: lung function tests. Examination of the eyes and vision. If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the following may be useful: examination of the heart; kidney function tests; liver function tests.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Gas, vapor or liquid of aliphatic amines is highly irritating and can cause serious injuries to eyes or skin. Irritation of the respiratory tract can result in rhinorrhea, coughing, and dyspnea. Laryngospasm and signs of pulmonary edema (shortness of breath, cyanosis, expectoration) may occur. /Aliphatic amines/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Aliphatic amines exposure usually causes eye, nose, and throat irritation. Respiratory distress with coughing, dyspnea, upper airway obstruction, bronchitis, pneumonitis, and pulmonary edema may occur. If the skin is wet or moist, contact with the gas or vapor of aliphatic amines can cause burning pain, inflammation, blisters, and ulceration. Contact with liquid aliphatic amines under pressure can result in frostbite. Low gas/vapor concentrations can cause edema of the corneal epithelium without pain accompanied by hazing of vision, blue/gray vision and halos. After exposure to higher concentrations or liquid aliphatic amines, conjunctival hemorrhages, corneal opacities, and keratitis may occur. Additional symptoms like burning discomfort, spasmodic blinking or involuntary closing of the eyelids, redness, and tearing may result. After inhalation, transient headache, nausea, faintness, and anxiety may occur. /Aliphatic amines/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ For most exposed individuals symptoms will clear over several weeks or months. Survivors of severe inhalation injury, especially if chest x-ray and pulmonary function abnormalities are associated, may suffer residual chronic lung disease. In cases of eye contact with liquid aliphatic amines, permanent damage and impairment of vision can result. /Aliphatic amines/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Irritating to skin, mucous membranes, and respiratory tract.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for ETHYLAMINE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ A 70% solution applied to the skin of guinea pigs resulted in prompt skin burns leading to necrosis; when it was held in contact with guinea pigs for 2 hr, there was severe skin irritation with extensive necrosis and deep scarring.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Ethylamine is irritating to both the skin and eyes of test animals. When applied to the skin of a rabbit, a small amount of redness was produced, indicating the material to be only mildly irritating to the skin. However, severe skin irritation with extensive necrosis and deep scarring was produced by 0,1 mL of a 70% ethylamine formulation held in contact with guinea pig skin for 24 hr. Prompt necrotic skin burns were produced from a 70% solution dropped on the skin of guinea pigs.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ After an /inhalation/ experiment in which rats were exposed for four hours to concentrations of 5000-12000 mg/cu m, ethylamine mainly acted on the eyes (swelling and milky look of the cornea, swollen eyes), nose (watery secretion), skin (etching effect on the eyelid), and the lungs (dyspnea). Morphological examination of the animals which died revealed an acute hyperemia in the brain and blood filled spots with border emphysema in the lung.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ In a comparative inhalation study, /researchers/ exposed rabbits repeatedly to measured concentrations of ethylamine, diethylamine, and triethylamine. The three amines produces lung, liver and kidney damage at 100 ppm. The triethylamine produced definite degenerative changes in the heart at 100 ppm, whereas this was an inconstant finding with ethylamine and diethylamine; 50 ppm of these amines was sufficient to produce lung irritation and corneal injury (delayed until 2 weeks with ethylamine).

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for ETHYLAMINE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Toxicity Threshold (Cell Multiplication Inhibition Test) Entosiphon sulcatum (protozoa) 45 mg/L /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

Toxicity Threshold (Cell Multiplication Inhibition Test) Entosiphon sulcatum (protozoa) 45 mg/L /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

Toxicity Threshold (Cell Multiplication Inhibition Test) Uronema parduczi Chatton-Lwoff (protozoa) 3500 mg/L /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

Toxicity Threshold (Cell Multiplication Inhibition Test) Scenedesmus quadricauda (green algae) 2.3 mg/L /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

Toxicity Threshold (Cell Multiplication Inhibition Test) Microcystis aeruginosa (algae) 1.3 mg/L /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for ETHYLAMINE (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ ... There were very few data available on amines in surface waters, with reported concentrations often below detection and only rarely exceeding 10 ug/L. Reported concentrations for seawater and reservoirs were below detection or very low, while for lakes and rivers, concentrations spanned several orders of magnitude. The most prevalent and commonly detected amines were methylamine (MA), dimethylamine (DMA), ethylamine (EA), diethylamine (DEA) and monoethanolamine (MEAT). The paucity of data may reflect the analytical challenges posed by determination of amines in complex environmental matrices at ambient levels. We provide an overview of available aquatic toxicological data for amines and conclude that at current environmental concentrations, amines are not likely to be of toxicological concern to the aquatic environment, however, the potential for amines to act as precursors in the formation of nitrosamines and nitramines may represent a risk of contamination of drinking water supplies by these often carcinogenic compounds ...

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

Ethylamine's production and use in resin chemistry and organic synthesis, as an intermediate for dyestuffs and medicinals, in oil refining, as a stabilizer for rubber latex and as a component in tobacco smoke may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its use in hydraulic fracturing will result in its direct release to the environment. Ethylamine is found in plants and foods. If released to air, a estimated vapor pressure of 1,048 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates ethylamine will exist solely as a gas in the atmosphere. Gas-phase ethylamine will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14 hours. Ethylamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, ethylamine is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 7. However, adsorption can be affected by the acidity of the soil; at a higher pH, cations have higher adsorption. The pKa of ethylamine is 10.87, indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the compound exists as an cation and cations do not volatilize. Ethylamine is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Activated and non-activated sludge cultures were observed to degrade ethylamine rapidly; activated sludge acclimated to aniline resulted in a 34% theoretical BOD in 130 hours, indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil and water. If released into water, ethylamine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. However, adsorption can be affected by the acidity of the substrate. A pKa of 10.87 indicates ethylamine will exist almost entirely in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process. An estimated BCF of 3.2 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to ethylamine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethylamine is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to ethylamine via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and inhalation of cigarette smoke. (SRC)

Ethylamine is found in plants(1) and foods(2). Ethylamine is also reported to be present in various species of marine algae(3) and in tobacco leaves(4). Ethylamine is a decomposition product of amino acids(5) and is a volatile emission product from animal waste(6).

... amines from decomposing fish ... /Amines/

Ethylamine's production and use in resin chemistry and organic synthesis, as an intermediate for dyestuffs and medicinals, in oil refining, as a stabilizer for rubber latex(1), and as a component of tobacco smoke(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its use in hydraulic fracturing(3) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 7(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -0.13(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that ethylamine is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). However, adsorption can be affected by the acidity of the soil; at a higher pH, cations have higher adsorption(SRC). The pKa of ethylamine is 10.87(4), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the compound exists as an cation and cations do not volatilize. Ethylamine is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1,048 mm Hg at 25 °C(6). Activated and non-activated sludge cultures were observed to degrade ethylamine rapidly(7-9); activated sludge acclimated to aniline resulted in a 34% theoretical BOD in 130 hours(8), indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 7(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -0.13(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that ethylamine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). However, adsorption can be affected by the acidity of the substrate; at a higher pH, cations have higher adsorption(SRC). A pKa of 10.87(4) indicates ethylamine will exist almost entirely in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Activated and non-activated sludge cultures were observed to degrade ethylamine rapidly(6-8); activated sludge acclimated to aniline resulted in a 34% theoretical BOD in 130 hours(6), indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethylamine, which has a vapor pressure of 1,048 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase ethylamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14 hours(3), calculated from its rate constant of 2.77X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 27 °C(4). Ethylamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(5) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Ethylamine is expected to be degraded by biological sewage treatment with suitable acclimation(1). Activated sludge acclimated to aniline removed 34% of theoretical BOD in 130 hours; the initial ethylamine concentration was 500 mg/L(2). Activated and non-activated sludge cultures were observed to rapidly degrade ethylamine(3,4).

PURE CULTURE: An extract from a methylotrophic bacterium, Arthrobacter sp, oxidized ethylamine to hydrogen peroxide(1), oxuygen and ammonia(SRC).

ANAEROBIC: Ethylamine, present at 100 mg/L total organic carbon, was shown to be partially biodegradable in 50 days using an digester sludge inoculum at 300 mg/L total COD, obtained from a wastewater treatment plant in Beijing, China(1).

The rate constant for the gas-phase reaction of ethylamine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 2.77X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 27 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 14 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). Ethylamine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). Ethylamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3.2 was calculated in fish for ethylamine(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.13(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of ethylamine is estimated as 7(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.13(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that ethylamine is expected to have very high mobility in soil. Adsorption can be affected by the acidity of the soil; at a higher pH, cations have higher adsorption(SRC). The pKa of ethylamine is 10.87(4), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5).

A pKa of 10.87(1) indicates ethylamine will exist almost entirely in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces and moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(2). The potential for volatilization of ethylamine from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon a vapor pressure of 1,048 mm Hg(3).

DRINKING WATER: Ethylamine was detected, not quantified in various tap water samples in the USA; collection dates not specified(1). The compound was detected, not quantified in tap water samples from the District of Columbia; collection dates not specified(2).

SURFACE WATER: Ethylamine has been detected in surface water in Europe: River Elbe, 16.2 ug/L; River Alster, 2 ug/L; River Stor, ug/L; River Au near Heligen, approx 1 ug/L; River Kruckau, 5 ug/L; River Pinnau, 5 ug/L; River Ammersbek, 37.1 ug/L; Timmermoor Swamp. 0.6 ug/L; collection date not specified(1).

RAIN/SNOW/FOG: Ethylamine was detected in rain and snow collected from May 1965 to winter 1966 in urban Novocherkassk and Rostov Province, USSR at concentrations ranging from 2 to 47 ug nitrogen/L; detected with methyl-, dimethyl-, trimethyl-, and diethylamines(1).

Ethylamine was detected at a concentration of 2.4 mg/L in condensate retort water and process retort water produced in a modified in-situ oil-shale facility in Logan, Colorado. Samples were collected from November 1980 to June 1981(1).

SOIL: Ethylamine has been identified as a volatile component of uncultivated soil collected in the Moscow region, Russia; sample date not specified(1).

RURAL/REMOTE: Ethylamine and dimethylamine were detected at concentrations of 157 parts per trillion volume in air samples from the Boreal pine forest in Hyytaia, southern Finland collected from September to October 2011 (1).

Ethylamine occurrence in various foods(1)[Table#2152]

Ethylamine has been identified as a volatile component of boiled beef(1).

Ethylamine occurs in tobacco leaves(1) and has been found to be a volatile constituent of marine algae(2).

Ethylamine occurrence in plants(1).[Table#2154]

ENVIRONMENTAL: ... The presence of volatile aliphatic amines ... in human breast milk and amniotic fluid /was measured/ to assess their role in neonatal hypergastrinemia. These volatile nitrogenous amino acid metabolites have been previously demonstrated to stimulate gastrin release in in vivo and in vitro laboratory preparations. ... The present study ... demonstrated that these gastrin-stimulatory volatile amines were present in significant concentrations in breast milk during the first several weeks after parturition and in amniotic fluid. The individual amines that were identified in both human milk and amniotic fluid samples were methylamine, dimethylamine, ethylamine, trimethylamine, propylamine, isobutylamine, and butylamine. This study provides indirect evidence to support the possibility that the hypergastrinemia measured in the fetus/neonate during the period immediately before and after birth may be attributable, in part, to the ingestion of fluid containing high concentrations of gastrin-stimulating amines.

Ethylamine has been detected, not quantified as a volatile component of cattle feed lots, most likely from the decomposition of manure(1). Ethylamine is a constituent of tobacco smoke(2).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 2 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed manufacturing, processing, or use of ethylamine in the United States may be 25-50 and 100-500 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 1,797 workers (357 of these were female) were potentially exposed to ethylamine in the US(1). Occupational exposure to ethylamine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethylamine is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to ethylamine via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and inhalation of cigarette smoke(SRC).

... The presence of volatile aliphatic amines ... in human breast milk and amniotic fluid /was measured/ to assess their role in neonatal hypergastrinemia. These volatile nitrogenous amino acid metabolites have been previously demonstrated to stimulate gastrin release in in vivo and in vitro laboratory preparations. ... The present study ... demonstrated that these gastrin-stimulatory volatile amines were present in significant concentrations in breast milk during the first several weeks after parturition and in amniotic fluid. The individual amines that were identified in both human milk and amniotic fluid samples were methylamine, dimethylamine, ethylamine, trimethylamine, propylamine, isobutylamine, and butylamine. This study provides indirect evidence to support the possibility that the hypergastrinemia measured in the fetus/neonate during the period immediately before and after birth may be attributable, in part, to the ingestion of fluid containing high concentrations of gastrin-stimulating amines.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.

Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Controlled incineration; incinerator is equipped with a scrubber or thermal unit to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for ETHYLAMINE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 118 GASES - FLAMMABLE - CORROSIVE/ Fire or Explosion: EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. May form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Some of these materials may react violently with water. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket.

/GUIDE 118 GASES - FLAMMABLE - CORROSIVE/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled. Vapors are extremely irritating. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 118 GASES - FLAMMABLE - CORROSIVE/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 118 GASES - FLAMMABLE - CORROSIVE/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ETHYLAMINE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1036; Ethylamine

UN 2270; Ethylamine, aqueous solution with not less than 50% but not more than 70% ethylamine

IMO 2.1; Ethylamine

IMO 3; Ethylamine, aqueous solution with not less than 50% but not more than 70% ethylamine

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Gas

Flammable Liquid Corrosive

Symbol: F+, Xi; R: 12-36/37; S: (2)-16-26-29

UN Hazard Class: 2.1

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Subsidiary Risks: 8; UN Pack Group: II