acetonitrile

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H312: Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P321, P330, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H225 (> 99.9%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H302 (99.8%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H312 (94.3%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H319 (99.8%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332 (95.1%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1194 reports by companies from 20 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P321, P337+P317, P361+P364, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H303: May be harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P321, P337+P317, P361+P364, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P317, P321, P330, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. No mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Volatile chemicals have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Water flush immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: For fire involving UN1170, UN1987 or UN3475, alcohol-resistant foam should be used. CAUTION: Ethanol (UN1170) can burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.).

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use powder, foam, carbon dioxide. Water may be ineffective. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical

Stay upwind and use water spray to knock down vapor.

Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products. Use water spray, dry chemical, "alcohol resistant" foam, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.

Advice for firefighters: wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for ACETONITRILE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

VAPOR HEAVIER THAN AIR & MAY TRAVEL CONSIDERABLE DISTANCE TO SOURCE OF IGNITION & FLASH BACK.

Vapors are heavier than air and may travel to a source of ignition and flash back.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Remove all ignition sources. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in dry sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapours accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapours can accumulate in low areas.; Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.; Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

Restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Establish forced ventilation to keep levels below explosive limit. Use foam spray to reduce vapors. Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material and deposit in sealed containers. Keep acetonitrile out of a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the potential for an explosion, unless the sewer is designed to prevent the build-up of explosive concetrations. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations. If employees are required to clean-up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped.

1) Remove all ignition sources. 2) Ventilate area of spill or leak. 3) For small quantities, absorb on paper towels. Evaporate in safe place (such as fume hood). Allow ... vapors to completely clear ductwork. Burn paper in suitable location away from combustible materials. Large quantities can be collected & atomized in suitable combustion chamber equipped with appropriate effluent gas cleaning device. ... /It/ should not be allowed to enter confined space, such as sewer ...

Eliminate all ignition sources. Approach release from upwind. Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Use water spray to cool and disperse vapors, protect personnel, and dilute spills to form nonflammable mixtures. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for ACETONITRILE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U003, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (>/= 100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Incineration with nitrogen oxide removal from effluent gases by scrubbers or incinerators.

Acetonitrile is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. Oxides of nitrogen are removed from the effluent gas by scrubbers and/or thermal devices.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for ACETONITRILE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner such that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible, when such controls are in the process of being installed, or when they fail and need to be supplemented. Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels, and in emergency situations. ... Clothing wet with liquid acetonitrile should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of acetonitrile from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the acetonitrile, the person performing the operation should be informed of acetonitrile's hazardous properties. Any clothing which becomes wet with or non-impervious clothing which becomes contaminated with acetonitrile should be removed immediately and not reworn until the acetonitrile is removed from the clothing. ... Skin that becomes contaminated with acetonitrile should be immediately washed or showered to remove any acetonitrile.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to disperse vapors and dilute standing pools of liquid.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for ACETONITRILE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Separated from acids, bases, strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Well closed.

Protect containers against physical damage. Outdoor or detached storage is preferable. Separate from any sources of ignition and combustible materials. Storage room should be well-ventilated.

Inside storage should be in a standard flammable liquids storage warehouse, room, or cabinet. Separate from oxidizing materials. Outside or detached storage is preferred.

Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventialted area. Metal containers involving the transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Where possible, automatically pump liquid from drums or other storage containers to process containers. Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs; and flame arresters. Use only non-sparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of this chemical.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

10.0 [ppm]

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

AEGLs Status: Final

13 [ppm]

50 [ppm]

150 [ppm]

20 ppm (34 mg/m³)

TWA 20 ppm (34 mg/m³)

40.0 [ppm]

40 ppm (70 mg/m³)

TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m³) See Appendix G

137 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

137.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Exposures to 160 ppm for 4 hours has caused flushing of the face and a feeling of constriction in the chest; exposures to 500 ppm for brief (undefined) time periods has resulted in only irritation to the nose and throat [Deichmann and Gerarde 1969].

See: 2017-203

20.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 20 ppm, skin.

A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

20 ppm as TWA; (skin); A4 (not classifiable as a human carcinogen).

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: For fire involving UN1170, UN1987 or UN3475, alcohol-resistant foam should be used.

CAUTION: Ethanol (UN1170) can burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

Acetonitrile appears as a colorless limpid liquid with an aromatic odor. Flash point 42 °F. Density 0.783 g / cm3. Toxic by skin absorption. Less dense than water. Vapors are denser than air.

CBI; Liquid

Colorless liquid with an aromatic odor; Note: Forms cyanide in the body; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless liquid with an aromatic odor.

Colorless, limpid liquid

Aromatic odor

Sweet, ethereal odor

Burning sweetish taste

178.9 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

81.6 °C at 760 mm Hg

Burns with luminous flame; dielectric constant: 38.8 at 20 °C; constant boiling mixture with water contains 16% H2O and bp: 76 °C

81.65 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-49 °F (NTP, 1992)

-43.82 °C

42 °F (NTP, 1992)

42 °F (6 °C) (Open Cup)

2 °C c.c.

42 °F (open cup)

(oc) 42 °F

greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 72.5 °F (NTP, 1992)

In water, >800 g/L at 25 °C

In water, infinite solubility at 25 °C

Miscible with methanol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ether, acetamide solutions, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, ethylene chloride, and with many unsaturated hydrocarbons; immiscible with many saturated hydrocarbons (petroleum fractions).

Soluble in alcohol

For more Solubility (Complete) data for ACETONITRILE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 1390 (very good)

Miscible

0.787 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

Specific gravity: 0.78745 at 15 °C/4 °C

Percent in saturated air: 9.6; Density of saturated air: 1.04 (Air = 1)

Saturated liquid density: 48.730 lb/cu ft; liquid heat capacity: 0.540 Btu/lb-F; saturated vapor pressure: 1.383 lb/sq in; saturated vapor density: 0.00998 lb/cu ft (all at 70 °F)

Relative density (water = 1): 0.8

0.786 @ 20°C

1.42 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

1.42 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 1.4

73 mmHg at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)

88.8 [mmHg]

88.8 mm Hg at 25 °C

Highly flammable. Water soluble.

Nitriles

Highly Flammable

CSL00035

ACETONITRILE + THIONYL CHLORIDE

Thermal runaway from 25°C to >100°C

Explosive

Chlorination

User-Reported

CSL00110

NITRIC ACID + ACETONITRILE

Mixtures of fuming nitric acid and acetonitrile are high explosives.

Nitration

Note that acetonitrile is one of many chemicals that can form explosive mixtures with fuming nitric acid

Bretherick's

CSL00112

ACETONITRILE + SODIUM HYDROXIDE

Acetonitrile can be hydrolyzed exothermally in the presence of strong aqueous base, such as NaOH or KOH, starting at ~60oC. The reaction can potentially escalate into a runaway reaction if the generated heat is not removed (such as during a loss of cooling incident).

CSL00113

POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE + ACETONITRILE

ACETONITRILE decomposes when heated to produce deadly toxic hydrogen cyanide gas and oxides of nitrogen. Strongly reactive [Hawley]. May react vigorously with strong oxidizing reagents, sulfuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, sulfur trioxide, perchlorates, nitrating reagents, and nitric acid. [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 20]. Potentially explosive in contact with nitrogen-fluorine compounds (e.g., tetrafluorourea) [Fraser, G. W. et al., Chem. Comm., 1966, p. 532].

Strong oxidizers such as chlorine, bromine, and fluorine; chlorosulfonic acid; oleum or sulfuric acid. May accumulate static electricial charges, and may cause ignition of its vapors.

Strong oxidizers.

Will react with water, steam, acids to produce toxic & flammable vapors.

Nitrogen-fluorine compounds are potentially explosive in contact with acetonitrile. ... A solution of an unspecified lanthanide perchlorate in acetonitrile detonated while being heated under reflux.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for ACETONITRILE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Strong oxidizers

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Acetonitrile is a liquid with an ether like odor. It is a volatile highly polar solvent used in many different industrial applications including use for the hydrocarbon extraction processes, especially for butadiene; intermediate; catalyst; separation of fatty acids from vegetable oils; and manufacturing of synthetic pharmaceuticals. It is also the starting material for many types of nitrogen-containing compounds, It can be metabolized to produce hydrogen cyanide, which is the source of the observed toxic effects. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Symptoms and signs of acute acetonitrile intoxication include chest pain, tightness in the chest, nausea, emesis, tachycardia, hypotension, short and shallow respiration, headache, restlessness and seizures. The systemic effects appear to be attributable to the conversion of acetonitrile to cyanide. Blood cyanide and thiocyanate levels are elevated during acute intoxication. Fatalities after exposure to acetonitrile in the workplace and fatal cases of a child ingesting an acetonitrile containing cosmetic have been reported. Elevated tissue cyanide concentrations were found in postmortem examination of these cases. Acetonitrile is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, through the skin and the lungs. All three routes of exposure have been reported to lead to systemic effects. No epidemiological study of cancer incidence could be located. ANIMAL STUDIES: There are substantial data to suggest that most of the systemic toxic effects of acetonitrile are mediated through its metabolism to cyanide, which is catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system. Cyanide is subsequently conjugated with thiosulfate to form thiocyanate which is eliminated in the urine. Peak concentrations of cyanide in the blood of rats following administration of near lethal doses of acetonitrile approximate concentrations observed following the administration of a lethal dose of potassium cyanide. The peak concentration of cyanide after administration of acetonitrile is delayed by up to several hours as compared to other nitriles. The more rapid rate at which cyanide is produced in the mouse appears to account for the much greater sensitivity of this species to the toxic effects of acetonitrile. A portion of the acetonitrile is also eliminated unchanged in expired air and in the urine. Guinea pigs are also another sensitive species to acetonitrile intoxication. The main symptoms in animals appear to be prostration followed by seizures. Dermal application of acetonitrile causes systemic toxicity in animals. Rats were given gavage doses of 125, 190, or 275 mg acetonitrile/kg from gestational days 6 through 19. An increase in post-implantation loss, with a decrease in viable fetuses, was seen at 275 mg/kg. There were no structural abnormalities in the fetuses derived from acetonitrile-exposed rats. Developmental study in pregnant Syrian golden hamsters exposed up to 8,000 ppm acetonitrile for 1 hour on gestational day 8 and then sacrificed on gestational day 14 demonstrated maternal toxixity and fetotoxicity. Abnormal fetuses exhibiting exencephaly and rib fusions were recovered; surviving litters at 8,000 ppm developed severe axial skeletal dysraphic disorders; one 8,000-ppm fetus exhibited extrathoracic ectopia cordis with accompanying defects in the sternum of the heart. Acetonitrile was not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA97, TA98, TA100, TA1535, or TA1537, with or without metabolic activation. In cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells, acetonitrile produced a weakly positive response in the sister chromatid exchange test without, but not with metabolic activation. A small increase in chromosomal aberrations was observed in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells treated with acetonitrile in the presence, but not in the absence, of metabolic activation. A significant increase in micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes was observed in peripheral blood samples from male mice treated with acetonitrile for 13 weeks; the frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes in female mice was not affected by exposure to acetonitrile.

Organic nitriles decompose into cyanide ions both in vivo and in vitro. Consequently the primary mechanism of toxicity for organic nitriles is their production of toxic cyanide ions or hydrogen cyanide. Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (L97)

Acetonitrile

6 x 10 ^-2 mg/m^3

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

Weight-of-Evidence Characterization Under the current Risk Assessment Guidelines (US EPA, 1987), ACN is assigned carcinogen class D, not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. There is an absence of human evidence and the animal evidence is equivocal. Under the Proposed Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (US EPA, 1996), the carcinogenic potential of ACN following inhalation, oral, or dermal exposure is best characterized as "cannot be determined because the existing evidence is composed of conflicting data (e.g., some evidence is suggestive of carcinogenic effects, but other equally pertinent evidence does not confirm any concern)." /Based on former classification guidelines/

A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

TR-447: Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Acetonitrile (CASRN 75-05-8) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies) (1996 )

06/21/94

Equivocal Evidence

No Evidence

Under the conditions of these 2-year inhalation studies, there was equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity of acetonitrile in male F344/N rats based on marginally increased incidences of hepatocellular adenoma and carcinoma. There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of acetonitrile in female F344/N rats exposed to 100, 200, or 400 ppm. There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of acetonitrile in male or female B6C3F1 mice exposed to 50, 100, or 200 ppm.

Exposure to acetonitrile by inhalation resulted in increased incidences of hepatic basophilic foci in male rats and of squamous hyperplasia of the forestomach in male and female mice.

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. (L96, L97)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Oral (L96) ; inhalation (L96) ; dermal (L96)

Sore throat. Weakness. Chest tightness. Shortness of breath. Dizziness. Nausea. Vomiting. Convulsions. Unconsciousness. Symptoms may be delayed.

EASILY ABSORBED!

Redness. Pain.

See Inhalation.

irritation nose, throat; asphyxia; nausea, vomiting; chest pain; lassitude (weakness, exhaustion); stupor, convulsions; In Animals: liver, kidney damage

Cyanide poisoning is identified by rapid, deep breathing and shortness of breath, general weakness, giddiness, headaches, vertigo, confusion, convulsions/seizures and eventually loss of consciousness. (L96, L97)

respiratory system, cardiovascular system, central nervous system, liver, kidneys

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Other Poison - Chemical Asphyxiant

Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

IRIS Current

HEAST Current

LC50 (rat) = 7,551 ppm/8H

LD50: 3500 mg/kg (Subcutaneous, Rat) (T14)

LD50: 1680 mg/kg (Intravenous, Rat) (T14)

LD50: 269 mg/kg (Oral, Mouse) (T14)

LC50: 2693 ppm over 1 hour (Inhalation, Mouse) (T14)

LD50 Rat young oral 200 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 175 mg/kg

LD50 Guinea pig oral 140 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbit dermal 980 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for ACETONITRILE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Antidotes to cyanide poisoning include hydroxocobalamin and sodium nitrite, which release the cyanide from the cytochrome system, and rhodanase, which is an enzyme occurring naturally in mammals that combines serum cyanide with thiosulfate, producing comparatively harmless thiocyanate. Oxygen therapy can also be administered. (L97)

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow); Concentration: 1020 mg/L for 96 hr (hard water) /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow); Concentration: 1000 mg/L for 96 hr (soft water) /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50; Species: Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill); Concentration: 1850 mg/L for 96 hr (soft water) /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50; Species: Lebistes reticulatus (guppy); Concentration: 1650 mg/L for 96 hr (soft water) /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for ACETONITRILE (25 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

8.10e+02

3.40e+03

6.30e+01

2.60e+02

1.30e+02

2.60e-02

6.00e-02

Volatile

1.28e+05

2.40e+03

1.00e+04

1.90e+02

7.90e+02

3.80e+02

Environmental effects of the substance have been adequately investigated, but no significant effects have been found.

Acetonitrile's production and use in solvent extraction, reaction media, and as an intermediate in the preparation of pharmaceuticals and other organic chemicals may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Acetonitrile occurs in coal tar in small amounts, has been detected in volcanic gases and quantified in emissions from the combustion of wood and other biomass. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 88.8 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates acetonitrile will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase acetonitrile will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 610 days. Vapor-phase acetonitrile will also be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with ozone; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be greater than or equal to 76 days. Acetonitrile does not absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and direct photolysis by sunlight is not expected to be an important fate process. The removal of acetonitrile from the atmosphere by precipitation has been reported to be an important fate process. If released to soil, acetonitrile is expected to have very high mobility based upon a Koc of 2.2. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 3.45X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. Acetonitrile is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure of 88.8 mm Hg. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 65% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks indicating that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil and water. Available screening studies suggest that acetonitrile is readily biodegradable by adapted microbial populations, but biodegradation is generally slower with non-adapted microbes. If released into water, acetonitrile is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon its Koc value. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 12 hours and 7.5 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. The biodegradability of acetonitrile in river water had an observed 12-day ThOD (theoretical oxygen demand) of 40%. In acclimated river water, 100% removal was observed after 4 days. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to acetonitrile may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where acetonitrile is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to acetonitrile via inhalation of ambient air and ingestion of food. (SRC)

Acetonitrile occurs in coal tar in small amounts, has been detected in volcanic gases and quantified in emissions from the combustion of wood and other biomass.

Acetonitrile ... /has/ been detected in the thermal decomp products of flexible polyurethane foam.

Acetonitrile's production and use in solvent extraction, reaction media, and as an intermediate in the preparation of pharmaceuticals and other organic chemicals(1,2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Acetonitrile is released during its manufacture and use, from some industrial operations like shale oil retorting and coal gasification and from combustion processes in gas turbines, ignition engines and automobile exhaust(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 2.2(2) indicates that acetonitrile is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of acetonitrile from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 3.45X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(3). Acetonitrile is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 88.8 mm Hg(4). A 65% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(5) suggests that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). Available screening studies suggest that acetonitrile is readily biodegradable by adapted microbial populations(6). Biodegradation is generally slower with non-adapted microbes(7,8).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 2.2(2) indicates that acetonitrile is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 3.45X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 12 hours and 7.5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of -0.34(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A 65% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(8) suggests that biodegradation might be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). Available screening studies suggest that acetonitrile is readily biodegradable by adapted microbial populations(9). Biodegradation is generally slower with non-adapted microbes(10,11). The biodegradability of acetonitrile in river water had an observed 12-day ThOD (theoretical oxygen demand) of 40%(12,13). In acclimated river water, 100% removal was observed after 4 days(9). Chemical hydrolysis in water is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) since the hydrolysis half-life at pH 7 (25 °C) is reported to be >150,000 years(14).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), acetonitrile, which has a vapor pressure of 88.8 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase acetonitrile is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 610 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.63X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Vapor-phase acetonitrile is also degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with ozone(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be greater than or equal to 76 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of less than or equal to 1.5X10-19 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(4). Direct photolysis of acetonitrile in the atmosphere is not expected to be an important fate process(4) since acetonitrile absorbs light only in the far UV region(5) with a UV maximum below 160 nm(4). The removal of acetonitrile from the atmosphere by precipitation has been reported to be an important fate process(4).

AEROBIC: Enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of nitriles, such as acetonitrile, has been shown to proceed by two distinct routes(1,2); a nitrilase transforms the nitriles directly into acids plus ammonium ion, or a nitrile hydratase forms the amide which is hydrolyzed to acid plus ammonium ion by amidase(1,2). A mixed microbial culture isolated from an environment contaminated with organic cyanides and PCBs utilized acetonitrile as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen(3). The mixed microbial culture was grown for 48 hrs at pH 7 with 1 g/L of acetonitrile; the final pH and ammonia concentration were determined to be 8.81 and 80.1 umol/mL, respectively(3). The biodegradation studies of acetonitrile with mixed cultures of microorganisms from activated sludge and sewage show that degradation proceeds sluggishly without acclimatization of microorganisms, particularly at high concentration(4,5). Degradation is faster with acclimatization(6-11). With activated sludge as microbial inoculum, the lag period of acetonitrile degradation was about 1 day after which the compound degraded with a half-life of 1.2 days(8). Acclimated mixed microbial cultures isolated by an enrichment culture technique degraded 58% acetonitrile in 5 days(9). The biodegradability of acetonitrile was also observed with river water; the 12 day ThOD (theoretical oxygen demand) with river water was 40%(10,11). Acclimation of the microorganisms was examined by redosing; the degradation was 5 times faster after acclimation; it was also 4 times faster at 20 °C than at 5 °C(10,11). The biodegradation is expected to be much slower in seawater than in freshwater(12). Acetonitrile, present at 100 mg/L, reached 65% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test which classified the compound as readily biodegradable(13).

ANAEROBIC: Results of anaerobic tests with acetonitrile suggest that anaerobic biodegradation is not effective for removing the compound from wastewater(1). Acetonitrile was classified as partially biodegradable under anaerobic conditions based on a calculated integrated assessment index (IAI) of 0.7286 in a study conducted in Beijing, China(1). The IAI relates to data collected from a model consisting of an initial acetonitrile concentration of 100 mg/L in an inorganic medium and anaerobic sludge from wastewater treatment digestor tanks in Beijing(2).

The rate constant for the gas-phase reaction of acetonitrile with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 2.63X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 610 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of acetonitrile with ozone has been measured as less than or equal to 1.5X10-19 cu cm/molecule-sec(3). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of greater than or equal to 76 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(2). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of acetonitrile with atmospheric nitrate radicals has been measured as <5X10-19 cu cm/molecule-sec(4). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of >500 years at an atmospheric concentration of 2.8X10+8 nitrate radicals per cu cm(2). Direct photolysis of acetonitrile in the atmosphere is not expected to be an important fate process(3) since acetonitrile absorbs light only in the far UV region(5) with a UV maximum below 160 nm(3). The photochemical lifetime of acetonitrile has been specified to be approximately 500 days in the lower troposphere and relatively longer in the upper troposphere based on hydroxyl radical reaction(6). The chemical hydrolysis of acetonitrile in water is base catalyzed(7); the rate constant for base catalyzed hydrolysis is 5.8X10-3/M-hr and half-life at pH 7 is more than 150,000 yrs(7).

The photochemical smog studies show that this compound is unreactive towards photochemically-generated free radicals(2). Due to nonreactivity of acetonitrile in the atmosphere, transport of the compound from troposphere to stratosphere is expected to occur(SRC) and acetonitrile has been detected in the stratosphere(1).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for acetonitrile(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.34(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Acetonitrile has a reported measured Koc Value of 2.2(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this Koc value suggests that acetonitrile is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for acetonitrile is 3.45X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that acetonitrile is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 12 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 7.5 days(SRC). Acetonitrile's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Acetonitrile is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 88.8 mm Hg(3).

Acetonitrile was qualitatively detected in shale oil wastewater(1) and wastewater from coal gasification process(2,3). During the early 1980s, EPA conducted performance testing of eight full-scale hazardous waste incinerators; in this study, the reasonable worst case hazardous stack emissions of acetonitrile was 0.3 ng/L(4). The concentration of acetonitrile in the emissions from a municipal waste incineration plant in Germany was 13.7 ug/cu m(5). The concentration of acetonitrile in condensate and process retort water from an oil-shale processing facility in Colorado was 38.9 and 5.8 mg/L, respectively(6).

Assuming the fossil fuel burned in Austria to be globally representative, acetonitrile emissions produced by fossil fuel burning have been calculated to contribute 6% of the total global contributing sources. The upper limit global rate of emission due to fuel burning was estimated as 5X10+10 g/year; the global rate of emission was estimated to be 2.7X10+11(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Acetonitrile was not detected in the 1 sample taken from an urban area(1). Acetonitrile was detected in air near ground levels in both urban and rural areas at concentrations of 2-7 ppb(2). The average concentration of acetonitrile in stratosphere air above Deuselbach, Germany ranged from 117 to 212 parts per trillion between the years 1986-1987(3).

INDOOR: In a 49.5 cu m model room exposed to 3 hr sequences of cigarette smoke over a series of 24 hr periods, acetonitrile was detected at average concentrations ranging from 4.5 to 27 ug/cu m (wallboard furnish), 4.3 to 27 ug/cu m (wallboard and carpet furnish), and 3.6 to 47 ug/cu m (fully furnished)(1).

RURAL/REMOTE: Acetonitrile was detected at a mean concentration of 0.024 ppb in two samples from a rural area(1). It was detected in air near ground levels in both urban and rural areas at a concentration of 2-7 ppb(2). Acetonitrile was reported to be present in the upper stratosphere(3). Acetonitrile was detected at a concentration of 0.2 nmol/mol in a series of 10 LBA-CLAIRE (Large-scale Biosphere-atmosphere experiment in Amazonia - Cooperative LBA Airborne Regional Experiment) measurement flights conducted over tropical rainforests in Surinam(4). Air was drawn and measured using a Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass-Spectrometer at altitudes ranging from 0 to 12 km(4). An acetonitrile concentration of 94.1 ng/cu m was detected in air samples collected from a rural area of Arizona(5).

Acetonitrile was detected, not quantified in some milk products such as kefir culture(1).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U003, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (>/= 100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Incineration with nitrogen oxide removal from effluent gases by scrubbers or incinerators.

Acetonitrile is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. Oxides of nitrogen are removed from the effluent gas by scrubbers and/or thermal devices.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for ACETONITRILE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible)/ Health: Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ACETONITRILE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1648; Acetonitrile

IMO 3; Acetonitrile

49 074 05; Acetonitrile

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

Symbol: F, Xn; R: 11-20/21/22-36; S: (2)-16-36/37

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: II