dichloromethane

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

P203, P280, P318, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.2% (4 of 1930) of reports.

H302 (24.1%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H315 (30.4%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (53.2%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H336 (29.9%): May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H341 (22.9%): Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H351 (99.8%): Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H373 (12.7%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1930 reports by companies from 63 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 4 of 1930 reports by companies.

There are 62 notifications provided by 1926 of 1930 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P203, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P318, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P318, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Administration of oxygen may be needed. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Administration of oxygen may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Volatile chemicals have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 160 [Halogenated Solvents]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam, or water spray. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.

Extinguishant: Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam.

Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

Small Liquid Spill

· Pick up with sand, earth or other non-combustible absorbent material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 160 [Halogenated Solvents]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

The following wastewater treatment technology has been investigated for dichloromethane. Concentration Process: Stripping.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste numbers U080 and F002, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Potential candidate for liquid injection incineration, with a temperature range of 650 to 1600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds; for rotary kiln incineration with a temperature range of 820 to 1600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, hours for solids; and for fluidized bed incineration, with a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, longer for solids.

Dichloromethane is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel; care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for DICHLOROMETHANE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner such that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.

Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible level. However, there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure. Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible, when such controls are in the process of being installed, or when they fail and need to be supplemented. Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels, and in emergency situations. ... In addition to respirator selection, a complete respiratory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training, maintenance, inspection, cleaning, and evaluation.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for DICHLOROMETHANE (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 160 [Halogenated Solvents]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

SMALL LIQUID SPILL: Pick up with sand, earth or other non-combustible absorbent material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Well closed. Cool. Ventilation along the floor.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Heat sensitive. Store under inert gas.

To minimize the decomp of dichloromethane, storage containers should be galvanized or lined with a phenolic coating.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Dichloromethane in urine = 0.3 mg/L at end of shift;

50.0 [ppm]

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

NR = Not recommended due to insufficient data

AEGLs Status: Interim

200 [ppm]

560 [ppm]

6900 [ppm]

Ca See Appendix A

25.0 [ppm], STEL(OSHA) = 125 ppm

25 ppm [12.5 ppm Action Level]

[1910.1052] TWA 25 ppm ST 125 ppm

2300 ppm ; A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024)

2300.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Human data: Volunteers exposed at 1,000 ppm for 2 hours had carboxyhemoglobin levels in excess of those permitted in industry from exposure to carbon monoxide alone [Stewart et al. 1972]. A 10­minute exposure at 2,330 ppm has produced vertigo [Lehmann et al. 1936]. However, it has also been reported that no feeling of dizziness was noted after 1 hour of exposure to 2,300 ppm [Sax 1975]. It has been stated that no dizziness, but slight nausea, is caused by exposure to 2,300 ppm for 1 hour and that methylene chloride is not lethal at 25,000 ppm [Thienes and Haley]

NIOSH considers methylene chloride a potential occupational carcinogen. [2300 ppm]

2300 ppm

Ca [2300 ppm]

See: 75092

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 50 ppm.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: dichloromethane in urine; Sampling Time: end of shift; BEI: 0.3 mg/L. Notation: The biological determinant is an indicator of exposure to the chemical, but the quantitative interpretation of the measurement is ambiguous. These determinants should be used as a screening test if a quantitative test is not practical, or as a confirmatory test if the quantitative test is not specific and the origin of the determinant is in question.

50 ppm as TWA; A3 (confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans); (skin).

50 ppm [1997]

353 mg/m

180 mg/m

Acute Inhalation: 0.6 ppm (L134)

Intermediate Inhalation: 0.3 ppm (L134)

Chronic Inhalation: 0.3 ppm (L134)

Acute Oral: 0.2 mg/kg/day (L134)

Chronic Oral: 0.06 mg/kg/day (L134)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

Dichloromethane appears as a colorless liquid with a sweet, penetrating, ether-like odor. Noncombustible by if exposed to high temperatures may emit toxic chloride fumes. Vapors are narcotic in high concentrations. Used as a solvent and paint remover.

CBI; Liquid

Colorless liquid with a chloroform-like odor. [Note: A gas above 104 degrees F.] [NIOSH]

VERY VOLATILE COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless liquid with a chloroform-like odor.

Colorless liquid with a chloroform-like odor. [Note: A gas above 104 °F.]

Colorless liquid [Note: A gas above 104 degrees F]

Colorless, volatile liquid

Sweet, pleasant odor, like chloroform

Chloroform like odor

Penetrating ether-like odor

Slightly sweet smell, similar to that of trichloromethane

103.6 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

39.75 °C at 760 mm Hg

40 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-142.1 °F (NTP, 1992)

-96.8 °C

-97.2 °C

10 to 50 mg/mL at 70 °F (NTP, 1992)

In water, 13,200 mg/L at 25 °C

In water, 13,000 mg/L at 25 °C

Miscible with alcohol, ether, dimethylformamide

Miscible with ethanol; soluble in carbon tetrachloride

13 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 1.3 (moderate)

1.322 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.3255 20 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.3 (20 °C)

1.3266 @ 20°C

2.93 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

2.93 (Air = 1.02)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.9

440 mmHg at 77 °F (NTP, 1992)

435.0 [mmHg]

435 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 47.4

350 mmHg

750 [mm Hg] @39.299999999999997 °C

log Kow = 1.25

Henry's Law constant= 3.25X10-3 atm-cu m/mol @ 25 °C

Somewhat water soluble. Subject to slow hydrolysis which is accelerated by light.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

CSL00006

DICHLOROMETHANE + SODIUM AZIDE

Formation of diazidomethane which can explode. Azide reactions should not be performed in hologenated solvents.

Explosive

Substitution

CSL00102

DICHLOROMETHANE + SODIUM

Potentially explosive

User-Reported

CSL00106

highly explosive

CSL00131

SODIUM AZIDE + SULFURIC ACID + DICHLOROMETHANE

Chemical & Engineering News (14 Mar 1994) Vol. 72, No. 11, pp. 4. Peter G. Urben pointed out that "eschewing halogenated solvents will not eliminate azide explosions" (C&EN, Dec. 13, 1993, page 4). And if we stop reading his letter at this point, he is correct; however, the remainder of the statement and the letter are either incorrect or inappropriate to the facts we described (C&EN, April 19, 1993, page 4). We cannot speak to the specifics of the explosion described by Victor J. Hruby, Lakmal Boteju, and Guigen Li (C&EN, Oct. 11, 1993, page 2), but in our case, we used a catalytic amount of sulfuric acid and a large excess of sodium azide. The reaction was poured into water and extracted with methylene chloride. After drying and filtering the organic layer, we concentrated it on a rotary evaporator. The explosion took place after all the solvent had been removed and the flask was being detached from the steam tube. The detonation occurred in the flask; the evaporator was destroyed by the conclusive force of the explosion. We again point to the articles by A. Hassner et al. [Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 25, 479 (1986), and J. Org. Chem., 55, 2304 (1990)] describing the synthesis and explosive potential of polyazidomethanes. We believe strongly that diazidomethane and not hydrogen azide was the culprit in our explosion and that Urben should not attempt to change our conclusion. Our intent is to warn our colleagues of the dangers of producing this explosive chemical. We reiterate that because of this incident we no longer permit any chemical reactions with azide to be performed in the presence of a halogenated solvent in our laboratories.

Not Available

ACS letters

ACS Safety Letters

CSL00204

2-Methoxyprop-2-yl Hydroperoxide + Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide + 4-(Dimethylamino)pyridine + Dichloromethane + Cesium hydroxide + Dimethylformamide

"We would like to draw attention to a potential hazard associated with a procedure reported from our laboratories, "2-Methoxyprop-2-yl Hydroperoxide: A Convenient Reagent for the Synthesis of Hydroperoxides and Peracids," P. H. Dussault and A. Sahli [J. Org. Chem., 57, 1009 (1992). DOI: 10.1021/jo00029a043]. The procedure, which calls for room-temperature concentration of the ozonolysis-derived reagent before redissolution in an appropriate solvent, has been performed uneventfully on numerous occasions. Recently, however, several concentrated samples were observed to undergo rapid exothermic decomposition. In one case, an open vial containing a 2-g sample emitted a pillar of flame several feet high. We are currently investigating alternative procedures, including concentration of the reagent at 0 C. Extreme caution, including the rigorous use of safety shields, is warranted. The reagent should not be stored, but should be generated only as needed. Dilute solutions of excess reagent can be safely quenched with dimethyl sulfide, triphenylphosphine, or aqueous sodium sulfite." (reprint of full text)

Flammable,Pyrophoric

10.1021/cen-v071n032.p002

Literature Reference

10/21/2022

10/20/2022

DICHLOROMETHANE reacts vigorously with active metals such as lithium, sodium and potassium, and with strong bases such as potassium tert-butoxide. It is incompatible with strong oxidizers, strong caustics and chemically active metals such as aluminum or magnesium powders. The liquid will attack some forms of plastic, rubber and coatings. This compound reacts with sodium-potassium alloy, (potassium hydrogen + N-methyl-N-nitrosurea), nitrogen tetraoxide and liquid oxygen. It also reacts with titanium. On contact with water it corrodes iron, some stainless steels, copper and nickel. It is incompatible with alkali metals. It is incompatible with amines, zinc and alloys of aluminum, magnesium and zinc. This compound is liable to explode when mixed with dinitrogen pentaoxide or nitric acid. Mixtures of this compound in air with methanol vapor are flammable. (NTP, 1992)

Mixtures of /dinitrogen/ tetraoxide with ... dichloromethane ... are explosive when subjected to shock of 25 g TNT equiv or less.

Mixtures of lithium shavings with several halocarbon derivatives are impact sensitive and will explode, sometimes violently. Such materials include: ... dichloromethane ....

Dichloromethane dissolves endothermically in concentrated nitric acid to give a detonable soln.

Contact of 1.5 g portions of the solid /potassium tert-butoxide/ ... with drops of ... dichloromethane caused ignition after ... 2 min.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for DICHLOROMETHANE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Strong oxidizers; caustics; chemically-active metals such as aluminum, magnesium powders, potassium & sodium; concentrated nitric acid

CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile

On the basis of the data included in this report, the CIR Expert Panel concludes that MeCl2 is safe for use in cosmetic products designed for brief discontinuous use. *Note: FDA has prohibited the use of Methylene Chloride in cosmetic products, action which supers edes this CIR conclusion (21CFR700.19).

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Dichloromethane is a clear colorless, volatile, sweet-smelling lipophilic liquid. It is commonly used as a solvent in wood varnishes, paints, strippers, cements, vapor degreasing of metal parts. Methylene chloride is also widely used as a process solvent in the manufacture of a variety of products including food, textiles, insecticides, herbicides, steroids, antibiotics and vitamins. Not registered for current pesticide use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Methylene chloride is rapidly absorbed following inhalation, through the alveoli of the lungs into the systemic circulation. It is also absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and dermal exposure results in absorption but at a slower rate than via the other routes of exposure. Methylene chloride is quite rapidly excreted, mostly via the lungs in the exhaled air. It can cross the blood-brain barrier and be transferred across the placenta, and small amounts can be excreted in urine or in milk. Its biotransformation by the hepatic mixed function oxidases (MFO) leads to formation of carbon monoxide (CO) and elevated blood carboxyhemoglobin (COHb). Human exposure is mainly due to inhalation but there are incidences of toxicity from oral and dermal contact.Dermally, dichloromethane irritates the skin and eyes especially when evaporation is prevented; prolonged contact may cause chemical burns. Following inhalation of dichloromethane pulmonary edema, hearing loss, CNS depression, liver dysfunction, renal dysfunctions, cardiac stress, and effects on hematological parameters have been reported. Exposure at extremely high levels from use as a paint stripper by consumers or in an occupational setting, has been fatal. Dichloromethane is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals. ANIMAL STUDIES: Dichloromethane is not teratogenic in rats or mice at concentrations up to 16,250 mg/cu m. Developmentally, dichloromethane is able to cross the placental barrier, and minor skeletal variations, fetal weight reduction, and more rapid behavioral habituation was evident in rats exposed before and during gestation. Single ip injection of dichloromethane (1330 mg/kg) into adult male rats caused renal proximal tubular degeneration. Morphological effects were observed in the cortex and the outer medulla. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of methylene chloride (> or = 17,700 mg/cu m) caused reversible CNS effects, slight eye irritation and mortality in several laboratory species. Neurological damage was reversible in rats exposed to 7, 100 mg/cu m dichloromethane for 13 weeks via inhalation. Body weight reduction was observed in rats at 3500 mg/cu m and in mice from 17,700 m/cu m. Effects on the liver were noted in dogs continuously exposed to 3,500 mg/cu m for up to 100 days. After intermittent exposure, effects on the liver were observed in rats at 3500 mg/cu m and in mice at 14,100 mg/cu m. Other target organs are the lungs and the kidneys. Dichloromethane is considered a carcinogen. When administered at levels of 0, 60, 125, 185 and 250 mg/kg body weight/day to mice in deionized drinking water for 104 wk, the high dose male and female mice showed a transitory increase in mean leucocyte counts. There was a slight elevation of proliferative hepatocellular lesions in the treated males but no dose related trend was apparent and the effect was absent in the females. Neoplastic lesions observed in the study were homogeneous among all groups and were within the range of incidence in historical controls. The results of this study demonstrated a toxicological no observable effect level of 185 mg/kg body weight/day in both sexes. In a 2 year study, female rats exposed to 500, 1500, or 3500 ppm had an increase in the total number of benign mammary tumors in an exposure-related manner. This effect was also evident in male rats in the 1500- and 3500-ppm exposure groups. Male rats exposed to 1500 or 3500 ppm had an increased number of sarcomas located in or around the salivary glands. In contrast, hamsters exposed to the same concentrations had less extensive spontaneous geriatric changes, decreased mortality (females), and lacked evidence of definite target organ toxicity. Dichloromethane is mutagenic in prokaryotic microorganisms with or without metabolic activation (Salmonella or Escherichia coil). In eukaryotic systems it gives either negative or, in one case, weakly positive results.

Methylene chloride targets the lungs, blood system, and nervous system. In the lungs its metabolites damage Clara cells. It is also metabolized into carbon monoxide, which binds to hemoglobin to produce dose-dependent increases in carboxyhemoglobin. This results in the reduced oxygen transport and neurological dysfunction characteristic of carboxyhemoglobinemia (carbon monoxide poisoning). Methylene chloride is also believed to cause neurotoxicity by interfering with signal transmission in a manner similar to general anesthetics. Certain metabolites, such as formaldehyde, may result in carcinogenic effects by causing DNA single strand breaks, DNA-protein crosslinks, and other mutations. (T10, L188)

Dichloromethane

Respiratory

6 x 10 ^-3 mg/kg-day

6 x 10 ^-1 mg/m^3

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) (Pesticide/Volatile Organic Compound (VOC))

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

CLASSIFICATION: B2; probable human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Based on inadequate human data and sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals; increased incidence of hepatocellular neoplasms and alveolar/bronchiolar neoplasms in male and female mice, and increased incidence of benign mammary tumors in both sexes of rats, salivary gland sarcomas in male rats and leukemia in female rats. This classification is supported by some positive genotoxicity data, although results in mammalian systems are generally negative. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Sufficient.

A3: Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of dichloromethane. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of dichloromethane. Overall evaluation: Dichloromethane is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B).

Dichloromethane is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.

Dichloromethane (Methylene chloride)

Group 2A: Probably carcinogenic to humans

Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)

Volume 71: (1999) Re-evaluation of Some Organic Chemicals, Hydrazine and Hydrogen Peroxide (Part 1, Part 2, Part 3)

Volume 110: (2017) Some Chemicals Used as Solvents and in Polymer Manufacture

Methylene Chloride

TR-306: Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Dichloromethane (Methylene Chloride) (CASRN 75-09-2) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies) (1986 )

03/29/85

Some Evidence

Clear Evidence

Under the conditions of these inhalation studies, there was some evidence of carcinogenicity of dichloromethane for male F344/N rats as shown by an increased incidence of benign neoplasms of the mammary gland. There was clear evidence of carcinogenicity of dichloromethane for female F344/N rats as shown by increased incidences of benign neoplasms of the mammary gland. There was clear evidence of carcinogenicity of dichloromethane for male and female B6C3F1 mice, as shown by increased incidences of alveolar/bronchiolar neoplasms and of hepatocellular neoplasms.

2A, probably carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

Exposure to methylene chloride may cause optic neuropathy and hepatitis. Very high concentrations can lead to unconciousness, coma, and death. It is metabolized to carbon monoxide, potentially leading to carbon monoxide poisoning. Methylene chloride also causes liver and kidney injury, and may be a carcinogen. (T10, L189)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, by ingestion and through the skin.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Oral (L188) ; inhalation (L188) ; dermal (L188)

Dizziness. Drowsiness. Headache. Nausea. Weakness. Unconsciousness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Dry skin. Redness. Burning sensation.

Pain. Redness.

Abdominal pain. Further see Inhalation.

irritation eyes, skin; lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), drowsiness, dizziness; numb, tingle limbs; nausea; [potential occupational carcinogen]

Breathing large amounts of methylene chloride causes dizziness, nausea, tingling or numbness of the finger and toes, loss of concentration, and reduced hand-eye coordination. Very high concentrations can lead to unconciousness, coma, and death. Skin contact with methylene chloride causes burning and redness of the skin. (L188, L189)

Cancer, Dermal (Skin), Hepatic (Liver), Neurological (Nervous System)

Eyes, skin, cardiovascular system, central nervous system

[in animals: lung, liver, salivary & mammary gland tumors]

LC50; Species: Palaemonetes pugio (Daggerblade Grass Shrimp) juvenile length <20 mm; Conditions: saltwater, static, 20 °C, pH 7.5 (6.1-8.0), salinity 10 ppt, dissolved oxygen >40%; Concentration: 108500 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 92370-130900 ug/L)

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea) age < or =24 hr; Conditions: freshwater, static, 22 °C, pH 7.4-9.4, dissolved oxygen 6.5-9.1 mg/L; Concentration: 310000 ug/L for 24 hr (95% confidence interval: 280000-340000 ug/L) /> or =80% purity/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea) age < or =24 hr; Conditions: freshwater, static, 22 °C, pH 7.4-9.4, dissolved oxygen 6.5-9.1 mg/L; Concentration: 220000 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 140000-330000 ug/L) /> or =80% purity/

LC50; Species: Cyprinodon variegatus (Sheepshead Minnow) age 14-28 days posthatch, juvenile, length 8-15 mm; Conditions: saltwater, static; Concentration: 370000 ug/L for 24 hr (95% confidence interval: 330000-410000 ug/L) /> or =80% purity/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for DICHLOROMETHANE (26 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

5.70e+01

1.00e+03

1.00e+02

1.20e+03

1.10e+01

5.00e+00

2.90e-03

1.30e-03

2.00e-03

6.00e-03

6.00e-01

Volatile

3.32e+03

9.50e+03

1.90e+03

7.90e+03

3.20e+02

Dichloromethane's production and use as a solvent in paint removers and other solvent applications, in degreasing and cleaning fluids, in aerosols and as a chemical intermediate may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Release to the environment also includes emissions from the oceans, biomass burning and volcanic gas emissions. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 435 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates dichloromethane will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dichloromethane will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 160 days. Dichloromethane does not absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. Dichloromethane has been detected in rainwater indicating it may be removed from the air by wet deposition. If released to soil, dichloromethane is expected to have very high mobility based upon a measured Koc range of 8-48. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 3.25X10-3 atm-cu m/mole. Dichloromethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Soil biodegradation half-lives ranging from 1.3 to 107.5 days indicate that dichloromethane is considered to be readily biodegraded once the microorganisms are adapted to utilize the substance as a carbon and energy source. If released into water, dichloromethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based upon the Koc. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 26% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water. Biodegradation is possible in natural waters but may be slow compared to volatilization. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.9 hours and 3.7 days, respectively. A measured BCF range of 2-40 suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate. Dichloromethane is hydrolyzed slowly under environmental conditions with a half-life of about 1.5 years or more at 25 °C. Occupational exposure to dichloromethane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where dichloromethane is produced or used. Monitoring data and use indicate that the general population may be exposed to dichloromethane via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal and inhalation contact with consumer products, such as paint strippers, which contain dichloromethane. (SRC)

Dichloromethane is formed in the oceans with phytoplankton production of dichloromethane being one natural source(1). The quantity of dichloromethane in the global environment due to contribution from oceans is estimated between 190,000 and 200,000 tonnes per year(2). Dichloromethane has been detected in volcanic gases(3).

Dichloromethane's production and use as a solvent in paint removers and other solvent applications, in degreasing and cleaning fluids, in aerosols and as a chemical intermediate(1,2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Wastewater emissions are primarily from the following industries: Paint and ink, aluminum forming, coal mining, photographic equipment and supplies, pharmaceutical, organic chemical/plastics, rubber processing, foundries and laundries(3). The quantity of dichloromethane in the global environment due to biomass burning has an estimated release of 59,000 tonnes per year(2).

Dichloromethane is formed during the chlorination of water.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), experimentally derived Koc values of 8, 28, 36 and 48(2-4) indicate that dichloromethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of dichloromethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 3.25X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(5). Dichloromethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 435 mm Hg at 25 °C(6). Based on results of biodegradation studies, dichloromethane is considered to be rapidly biodegraded once the microorganisms are adapted to utilize the substance as a carbon and energy source(7). Biodegradation of dichloromethane in contaminated aquifers may occur under nitrate-reducing conditions via oxidation pathways(8). Results of various laboratory soil degradation tests indicate that soil degradation half-lives can range from 1.3 to 107.5 days(4).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), experimentally derived Koc values of 8, 28, 36 and 48(2-4) indicate that dichloromethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(5) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 3.25X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(6). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(5), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.9 hr and 3.7 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(7), a BCF range of 2.0-40 determined for dichloromethane in carp (Cyprinus carpio)(8) suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate. Dichloromethane is hydrolyzed slowly under environmental conditions and the hydrolysis half-life is about 1.5 years or more at 25 °C(4). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 13% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(9) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC). However, dichloromethane may be rapidly biodegraded once the microorganisms are adapted to utilize the substance as a carbon and energy source(10). Biodegradation in natural waters may be slow compared with evaporation(11). Biodegradation of dichloromethane in contaminated aquifers may occur under nitrate-reducing conditions via oxidation pathways(12).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dichloromethane, which has a vapor pressure of 435 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dichloromethane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 160 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.0X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Dichloromethane does not absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4,5) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight in the troposphere(SRC). A small fraction of the chemical is expected to diffuse to the stratosphere where it will rapidly degrade by photolysis and reaction with chlorine radicals(6,7), leading to ozone depletion. Dichloromethane has been detected in rainwater(8) indicating it may be removed from the air by wet deposition(SRC).

AEROBIC: Dichloromethane is reported to completely biodegrade under aerobic conditions with sewage seed or activated sludge between 6 hours to 7 days(1-5). Dichloromethane, present at 100 mg/L, reached 13% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test (OECD 301C Method)(6). Using a respirometer test method, 49% of initial dichloromethane (10 mg/L) biodegraded using an adapted activated sludge inoculum(7). Using a Sapromat respirometer test method, nearly 100% of initial dichloromethane (660 mg/L) biodegraded using an adapted sewage inoculum(7). Dichloromethane was degraded at a concentration of 3.3 mg/L in the aqueous phase of natural sediment with a corresponding half-life of 10.9 days(8). Dichloromethane, at 50 mg/L, had 0% degradation in a Manometric respirometry test over a 28-day incubation period(9).

ANAEROBIC: Dichloromethane exhibited 86-92% conversion to carbon dioxide (CO2) after acclimation using anaerobic digestion in wastewater(1). Under simulated conditions of a landfills, dichloromethane was degraded at a rate of 0.6 mg/cu m.hr(2). A half-life of 11 days has been reported in a 30-60 day laboratory study using anaerobic groundwater bacteria(3). A rate constant of 0.0064/day, half-life of 108 days, was observed from an initial dichloromethane concentration of 3500 ug/L over a 906 day period at a contaminated methanogenic site in Hawkesbury, Ontario, Canada(4). Biodegradation of dichloromethane in contaminated aquifers may occur under nitrate-reducing conditions via oxidation pathways(5). Dichloromethane is mineralized by various microbial mixed consortia and isolated single bacterial strains both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions(6). Degradation of dichloromethane was observed in sandy loam soil under anaerobic conditions(6). In a computer controlled reactor, anaerobic biodegradation of dichloromethane was 62-88% at maximal loading rates of 5.2-61 mg/L per reactor day(7).

The recommended IUPAC rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of dichloromethane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 1.0X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 160 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of dichloromethane with atmospheric nitrate radicals, which occur predominantly in night-time air, has been measured as 4.8X10-18 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3); this corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 16 years(SRC) at an atmospheric concentration of 2.8X10+8 nitrate radicals per cu cm(2). Dichloromethane does not absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4,5) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). It does not photodegrade when exposed to sunlight for 1 year in aerated water(6). In the stratosphere, dichloromethane would undergo photolysis and also degrade by reaction with Cl radicals(7,8). The importance of photooxidation in the troposphere is supported by the observation that the highest concentrations of dichloromethane are observed at night or in the early morning(9). The minimum reported half-life for the hydrolysis of dichloromethane in water is approximately 18 months(10). In one hydrolysis study, the half-live of dichloromethane was 704 days at pH 7 and 25 °C(5).

Using carp (Cyprinus carpio) which were exposed over a 6-week period, a BCF range of 2.0-40 was determined for dichloromethane at initial concentrations of 25 and 250 ug/L(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF range suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate(SRC).

Dichloromethane has reported experimentally derived Koc values of 28(1), 36(2), 48 and 8(3). According to a classification scheme(4), these Koc values suggest that dichloromethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil. Dichloromethane is adsorbed strongly to peat moss, less strongly to clay, only slightly to dolomite limestone, and not at all to sand(5).

The Henry's Law constant for dichloromethane is 3.25X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that dichloromethane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 2.9 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 3.7 days(SRC). Half-lives for the evaporation from water of 3-5.6 hours have been determined at moderate mixing conditions(4). When released into an estuarine bay, all the chemical dissipated within 4 km of the release point in the spring and within 8 km in the winter under ice(5). Dichloromethane's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Dichloromethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 435 mm Hg at 25 °C(3).

GROUNDWATER: Ground water near 43 Finish landfills was analyzed for dichloromethane and a median concentration of 39 ug/L and a maximum concentration of 1,600 ug/L were reported(1). Dichloromethane was detected in groundwater samples collected from Japan in 1991 at a concentration of <0.10 ppb(2). Dichloromethane was detected in groundwater samples collected from the Biscayne Aquifer Superfund site, Florida at a maximum concentration of 20 ug/L for the entire study area, 6.4 ug/L in the well fields(3). In 5068 groundwater samples collected by the US Geological Survey between 1985-2002, dichloromethane had a detection frequency of 3%(4).

DRINKING WATER: Dichloromethane was detected in the following supply systems: 30 Canadian Water Treatment Facilities - 50% positive - 10 ppb, avg, 50 ppb max (summer), 30% pos, 3 ppb avg, 50 ppb max (winter)(1); 10 State survey drinking water from groundwater sources - 2% pos, 3600 ppb max, max surface water concentration 13 ppb(2); EPA Region V Survey (83 sites in 5 states: MN, WI, IL, IN, OH) - 8% pos, 1-7 ppb(3), National Organics Monitoring Survey (1976) - 15 of 109 samples positive, 6.1 ppb, mean of positive samples(3). Dichloromethane was detected in 4 of 182 bottled water samples collected from Canada at concentrations ranging from 22 to 97 ug/kg, with an average concentration of 59 ug/kg(4). The USGS implemented the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program in 1991, and from 1991-2001, the NAWQA Program completed interdisciplinary assessments in 51 of the Nation's major river basins and aquifer systems used as drinking water sources(5); dichloromethane was detected 0.21% of 952 source waters at a minimum concentration of 1.6 ug/L and a maximum concentration of 2.6 ug/L(5). Dichloromethane was detected 74 of 1207 domestic well water samples collected by the USGS between 1985-2002(6).

SURFACE WATER: Dichloromethane was detected in water samples collected from 30 sites along the Yodo, Neyagawa, Daini-Neyagawa, and Hiranogawa rivers in Osaka, Japan between August 1993 and February 1995 at a concentration of 134 ug/L(1). Dichloromethane was detected in Kako River, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan water samples collected in 1991 at a concentration of 0.38 ppb(2). Dichloromethane was detected at levels of <1 to 13 ug/L in storm water runoff samples collected in Paris, France between February 2008 and March 2009(3).

RAIN/SNOW/FOG: Dichloromethane was detected in rain water samples collected from Japan in 1991 at a concentration of <0.10 ppb in urban and rural areas(1). In monitoring conducted between Nov 2000 and May 2001 at four sites along the Baltic Sea, Poland, dichloromethane was detected in precipitation samples at a range of 1-180 parts per trillion (average of 4 parts per trillion)(2).

Dichloromethane was reported in effluent into the Weser River, Germany at 72-179 ppb(1). Industries in which wastewater exceeded an average of 1000 ppb: Coal mining, aluminum forming, photographic equipment and supplies, pharmaceutical mfg, organic chemical/ plastics mfg, paint and ink formulation, rubber processing, foundries, and laundries(2). Max concentration measured was 210,000 ppb in paint and ink industry and aluminum forming(2). Outfalls from 4 municipal treatment plants in southern California with primary or secondary treatment - random samples - < 10 to 400 ppb(3). USEPA STORET database, 1,480 data points, 38.8% pos, 10.0 ppb median(4). USA, 178 CERCLA hazardous waste disposal sites, 19.2% pos(5). Minnesota municipal solid waste landfills, leachates, 6 sites, 66.7% pos, 64-1300 ppb, contaminated groundwater (by inorganic indices); 13 sites, 53.8% pos, 1-250 ppb, other groundwater (apparently not contaminated as indicated by inorganic indices); 7 sites, 14.3% pos, 2.1-3.9 ppb(6). 1987 SARA data report an average emission for dichloromethane of 465 tons/yr(7). Dichloromethane was detected, not quantified in 1 of 4 biodegradable waste samples and 1 of 7 mixed household waste samples collected in Copenhagen, Denmark(8). Based on aircraft monitoring measurements, US emissions of dichloromethane to the atmosphere (2004-2006) was estimated as 24 Gg/year(9). The mean gaseous emission rate of dichloromethane from the burning of various fireplace woods ranged from 2.05 to 159.41 mg/kg(10).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste numbers U080 and F002, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Potential candidate for liquid injection incineration, with a temperature range of 650 to 1600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds; for rotary kiln incineration with a temperature range of 820 to 1600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, hours for solids; and for fluidized bed incineration, with a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, longer for solids.

Dichloromethane is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel; care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for DICHLOROMETHANE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 160: HALOGENATED SOLVENTS/ Fire or Explosion: Some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily. Most vapors are heavier than air. Air/vapor mixtures may explode when ignited. Container may explode in heat of fire.

/GUIDE 160: HALOGENATED SOLVENTS/ Health: Toxic by ingestion. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Exposure in an enclosed area may be very harmful. Contact may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 160: HALOGENATED SOLVENTS/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 160: HALOGENATED SOLVENTS/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for DICHLOROMETHANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1593; Dichloromethane

IMO 6.1; Dichloromethane

49 411 32; Dichloromethane

49 411 32; Methylene chloride

49 057 64; Methyl chloride-methylene chloride mixture

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Unbreakable packaging. Put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container.

Symbol: Xn; R: 40; S: (2)-23-24/25-36/37

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III