2-chloropropane

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H312: Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P317, P321, P330, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H225 (97.4%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H302+H312+H332 (20.4%): Harmful if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H302 (99.5%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H312 (97.4%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H332 (99.5%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 191 reports by companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H224: Extremely flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P280, P303+P361+P353, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P319, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Volatile chemicals have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame -- consider evaucation of one-third (1/3) mile radius.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amount of water or soap and water. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.

Evacuation: If material leaking (not on fire) consider evacuation from downwind area based on amount of material spilled, location and weather conditions.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with alcohol followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical under refrigerated temperatures, and keep it away from oxidizing materials. (NTP, 1992)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

150 [ppm]

270 [ppm]

1600 [ppm]

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: When working with this chemical, wear a NIOSH-approved full face chemical cartridge respirator equipped with the appropriate organic vapor cartridges. If that is not available, a half face respirator similarly equipped plus airtight goggles can be substituted. However, please note that half face respirators provide a substantially lower level of protection than do full face respirators.

RECOMMENDED GLOVE MATERIALS: Permeation data indicate that butyl rubber gloves may provide protection to contact with this compound. Butyl rubber over latex gloves is recommended. However, if this chemical makes direct contact with your gloves, or if a tear, hole or puncture develops, remove them at once. (NTP, 1992)

Personnel protection: ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. ... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots, and goggles.

2-chloropropane appears as a colorless liquid with a chloroform-like odor. Vapors heavier than air. Less dense than water. May irritate skin and eyes, and be narcotic in high concentrations. A fire and explosion risk. Used to make other chemicals.

Colorless liquid with a chloroform, slightly sweet odor; [AIHA] Colorless liquid; bp = 34-36 deg C; [MSDSonline]

COLORLESS LIQUID

96.33 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

34.8 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-178.9 °F (NTP, 1992)

-117.2 °C

-26 °F (NTP, 1992)

-26 °F (-32 °C) (CLOSED CUP)

Miscible with alcohol, ether

SOL IN BENZENE

SOL IN METHANOL

In water = 3,050 mg/l at 25 °C

0.8617 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8617 @ 20 °C

% IN SATURATED AIR: 68.7 @ 25 °C; DENSITY OF SATURATED AIR: 2.18 (AIR= 1)

0.868 @ 15°C

2.7 (AIR= 1)

515.0 [mmHg]

515.3 mm Hg at 25 °C

515.3 [mm Hg] @25 °C

Log Kow = 1.90

1099 °F (NTP, 1992)

1100 °F (593 °C)

Dynamic viscosity at 20 °C=3.2X10-4 Pa-s

Standard state = -482.0 kcal/mol at 25 °C, as a liquid

6.42 kcal/mol at 25 °C

18.09 dyne/cm at 20 °C

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.3777 @ 20 °C/D

CONVERSION FACTORS: 1 MG/L= APPROX 311 PPM, 1 PPM= APPROX 3.21 MG/CU M @ 25 °C, 760 MM HG

Liquid Molar Volume = 0.091726 cu m/kmol; IG Heat of Formation = -1.4477X10+8 J/kmol

Schoenflies notation

Boiling point

Chemical bond

Electric dipole moment

Fusion temperature

Heat of sublimation

Hindering potential

Internuclear distance

Melting temperature

Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Highly Flammable

Halogenated aliphatic compounds, such as 2-CHLOROPROPANE, are moderately or very reactive. Halogenated organics generally become less reactive as more of their hydrogen atoms are replaced with halogen atoms. Low molecular weight haloalkanes are highly flammable and can react with some metals to form dangerous products. Materials in this group are incompatible with strong oxidizing and reducing agents. Also, they are incompatible with many amines, nitrides, azo/diazo compounds, alkali metals, and epoxides.

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

2-Chloropropane

PDF Document

HEAST Archive

LC50 (rat) = 120,000 mg/m3

Rats, rabbits, mice guinea pigs, and monkeys exposed 7 hr/day, 5 days/week for a total of 127 exposures over a period of 181 days survived a level of 1000 ppm in air with normal growth and appearance. Histologic changes in the liver and kidneys and possibly the lungs were observed in some of the species tested. Similar 7 hr exposures of rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, and dogs for 6 months to 500 ppm produced no adverse effect by any of the criteria studied including demeanor, appearance, growth, final organ and body weights, hematologic and clinical chemical studies, and gross and histologic examination.

On the open surface of the skin of rabbits, isopropyl chloride caused very little irritation. When it was bandaged on to the skin, some erythema and superficial irritation resulted.

2-CHLOROPROPANE WAS MUTAGENIC IN SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM AFTER METABOLIC ACTIVATION IN THE DESICCATOR ASSAY. THERE WAS NO MUTAGENIC RESPONSE OBSERVED IN STANDARD AMES TEST.

Guinea pigs survived 3 g/kg of body weight but succumbed to 10 g/kg of body weight.

... Isopropyl chloride was mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium when tested in desiccators.

2-Chloropropane (CAS# 75-29-6) was evaluated for eye irritation. The test substance was administered to rabbits (strain, sex, number, and dosage regime was not provided). Slight pain and slight conjunctival irritation was present in unwashed eyes. Very slight pain and conjunctival irritation was present in washed eyes. All eyes began to heal within 48-hours. No further information was provided.

2-Chloropropane (CAS# 75-29-6) was evaluated for acute inhalation toxicity. The test substance was administered to 3 rats per group (sex and strain not provided) at a saturated concentration for 6-minutes or 8000 ppm for 4-hours. At the saturated concentration, all animals were anesthetized in 3-minutes and died within 6-minutes. At 8000 ppm, animals were very slightly depressed at end of exposure. No further information was provided.

2-Chloropropane (CAS# 75-29-6) was evaluated for chronic toxicity. The test substance was administered to 10 female mice at a concentration of 1000 ppm for 127 seven-hour exposures, 5 times a week, for 181-days. There was no evidence of treatment-related effects in respect to clinical findings, but microscopic findings concluded tissue changes in the liver (slight to marked necrosis of the parenchymal cells in the portal area) and the kidney (tubular degeneration of the epithelium with some necrosis).

2-Chloropropane (CAS# 75-29-6) was evaluated for chronic toxicity. The test substance was administered to 20 male and female rats at a concentration of 1000 ppm for 127 seven-hour exposures, 5 times a week, for 181-days. There was no evidence of treatment-related effects in respect to clinical findings. But female rats had tissue changes in the liver (slight to marked necrosis of the parenchymal cells in the portal area) and the kidney (tubular degeneration of the epithelium with some necrosis).

For more TSCA Test Submissions (Complete) data for 2-CHLOROPROPANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2-Chloropropane's production and use as a solvent and chemical intermediate may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to the atmosphere, 2-chloropropane will exist solely in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere, based on a measured vapor pressure of 515.3 mm Hg at 25 °C. Vapor-phase 2-chloropropane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of about 17 days. An estimated Koc value of 53 suggests that 2-chloropropane will have high mobility in soil. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.8X10-2 atm-cu m/mole. Volatilization from dry soil surfaces should be significant given the vapor pressure of this compound. Hydrolysis may be important in both moist soil and water; a hydrolysis half-life of 38 days was reported for 2-chloropropane in aqueous solution at pH 7 and 25 °C. In water, 2-chloropropane is not expected to adsorb to sediment or particulate matter based on its Koc value. This compound should volatilize from water surfaces given its estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively. Bioconcentration in aquatic organisms should be low based on an estimated BCF value of 16. The general population may be exposed to 2-chloropropane via ingestion of food. Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation or dermal contact at workplaces where 2-chloropropane is produced or used. (SRC)

2-Chloropropane's production and use as a solvent and chemical intermediate(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 53(SRC), determined from a measured water solubility(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2-chloropropane will have high mobility in soil(SRC). Hydrolysis in moist soils may occur(SRC) with a measured half-life of 38 days in aqueous solution at pH 7 and 25 °C(4). Volatilization of 2-chloropropane should be important from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.8X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from experimental values for water solubility(2) and vapor pressure(5). Volatilization from dry soil surfaces(SRC) is expected based on a measured vapor pressure of 515.3 mm Hg(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 53(SRC), determined from a measured water solubility(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(1), indicates that 2-chloropropane should not adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Hydrolysis is expected to occur with a measured half-life of 38 days in aqueous solution at pH 7 and 25 °C(3). 2-Chloropropane should volatilize from water surfaces(1,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.8X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from experimental values for water solubility(2) and vapor pressure(4). Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively(1,SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF value of 16(1,SRC), from a measured log Kow(6), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-chloropropane, which has a measured vapor pressure of 515.3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-chloropropane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 17 days(3,SRC).

A pure culture of Xanthobacter autotrophicus, isolated from soil and capable of utilizing a number of halogenated short-chain hydrocarbons, was unable to utilize 2-chloropropane for growth over a 10 day period(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-chloropropane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 0.92X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 17 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). A hydrolysis rate constant of 2.12X10-7/sec was measured for 2-chloropropane at pH 7 and 25 °C; this corresponds to a half-life of 38 days under these conditions(2).

An estimated BCF value of 16 was calculated for 2-chloropropane(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 1.90(1) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of 2-chloropropane is estimated as approximately 53(SRC), using a measured water solubility of 3050 mg/l(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-chloropropane has high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 2-chloropropane is estimated as 1.8X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its experimental values for vapor pressure, 515.3 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 3050 mg/l(2). This value indicates that 2-chloropropane will volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 3 hours(3,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 4 days(3,SRC). 2-Chloropropane's values for vapor pressure(1) and Henry's Law constant(1,2,SRC) indicate that volatilization from dry and moist soil surfaces should occur(SRC).

Landfill leachate which had been treated with chlorine contained 2-chloropropane at unreported concentrations(1).

2-Chloropropane was isolated from Idaho Russet Burbank baked potatoes and identified as a volatile flavor component(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 145 workers (3 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 2-chloropropane in the USA(1). The general population will be exposed to 2-chloropropane via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food, and dermal contact with vapors, food and other products containing 2-chloropropane. Occupational exposure may be through inhalation and dermal contact at workplaces where 2-chloropropane is produced or used(SRC).

2-Chloropropane's production and use as a solvent and chemical intermediate may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to the atmosphere, 2-chloropropane will exist solely in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere, based on a measured vapor pressure of 515.3 mm Hg at 25 °C. Vapor-phase 2-chloropropane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of about 17 days. An estimated Koc value of 53 suggests that 2-chloropropane will have high mobility in soil. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.8X10-2 atm-cu m/mole. Volatilization from dry soil surfaces should be significant given the vapor pressure of this compound. Hydrolysis may be important in both moist soil and water; a hydrolysis half-life of 38 days was reported for 2-chloropropane in aqueous solution at pH 7 and 25 °C. In water, 2-chloropropane is not expected to adsorb to sediment or particulate matter based on its Koc value. This compound should volatilize from water surfaces given its estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively. Bioconcentration in aquatic organisms should be low based on an estimated BCF value of 16. The general population may be exposed to 2-chloropropane via ingestion of food. Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation or dermal contact at workplaces where 2-chloropropane is produced or used. (SRC)

2-Chloropropane's production and use as a solvent and chemical intermediate(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 53(SRC), determined from a measured water solubility(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2-chloropropane will have high mobility in soil(SRC). Hydrolysis in moist soils may occur(SRC) with a measured half-life of 38 days in aqueous solution at pH 7 and 25 °C(4). Volatilization of 2-chloropropane should be important from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.8X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from experimental values for water solubility(2) and vapor pressure(5). Volatilization from dry soil surfaces(SRC) is expected based on a measured vapor pressure of 515.3 mm Hg(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 53(SRC), determined from a measured water solubility(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(1), indicates that 2-chloropropane should not adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Hydrolysis is expected to occur with a measured half-life of 38 days in aqueous solution at pH 7 and 25 °C(3). 2-Chloropropane should volatilize from water surfaces(1,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.8X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from experimental values for water solubility(2) and vapor pressure(4). Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively(1,SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF value of 16(1,SRC), from a measured log Kow(6), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-chloropropane, which has a measured vapor pressure of 515.3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-chloropropane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 17 days(3,SRC).

A pure culture of Xanthobacter autotrophicus, isolated from soil and capable of utilizing a number of halogenated short-chain hydrocarbons, was unable to utilize 2-chloropropane for growth over a 10 day period(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-chloropropane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 0.92X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 17 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). A hydrolysis rate constant of 2.12X10-7/sec was measured for 2-chloropropane at pH 7 and 25 °C; this corresponds to a half-life of 38 days under these conditions(2).

An estimated BCF value of 16 was calculated for 2-chloropropane(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 1.90(1) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of 2-chloropropane is estimated as approximately 53(SRC), using a measured water solubility of 3050 mg/l(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-chloropropane has high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 2-chloropropane is estimated as 1.8X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its experimental values for vapor pressure, 515.3 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 3050 mg/l(2). This value indicates that 2-chloropropane will volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 3 hours(3,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 4 days(3,SRC). 2-Chloropropane's values for vapor pressure(1) and Henry's Law constant(1,2,SRC) indicate that volatilization from dry and moist soil surfaces should occur(SRC).

Landfill leachate which had been treated with chlorine contained 2-chloropropane at unreported concentrations(1).

2-Chloropropane was isolated from Idaho Russet Burbank baked potatoes and identified as a volatile flavor component(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 145 workers (3 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 2-chloropropane in the USA(1). The general population will be exposed to 2-chloropropane via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food, and dermal contact with vapors, food and other products containing 2-chloropropane. Occupational exposure may be through inhalation and dermal contact at workplaces where 2-chloropropane is produced or used(SRC).

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2-CHLOROPROPANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2356; 2-Chloropropane

IMO 3.1; 2-Chloropropane

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid