acetylchloride

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P363, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H290 (33.7%): May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]

H302 (12.6%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (52.1%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P210, P233, P234, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P390, P403+P235, P405, P406, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 309 reports by companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P264+P265, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P363, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give nothing to drink. Refer immediately for medical attention.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and volatile chemicals have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting. Thus, the risk of increasing the medical problems by inducing vomiting of a volatile corrosive chemical is very high. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]:

Note: Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases. CAUTION: For Acetyl chloride (UN1717), use CO2 or dry chemical only.

SMALL FIRE: CO2, dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use powder, carbon dioxide. NO hydrous agents, water. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water.

Suitable extinguishing media: Dry powder, dry sand. Unsuitable extinguishing media: Do NOT use water jet.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

To fight fire, use /carbon dioxide/ or dry chemical.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Do not use water on material itself. If large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray and fog. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for Acetyl chloride (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Varpors are heavier than air and may travel to a source of ignition and flash back. ... Closed containers may rupture violently when heated.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors.

· DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Small Spill

· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

HCl - when spill Acetyl chloride into water.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 1717 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

When spilled in water

Small spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 30 m (100 ft)

Large spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 60 m (200 ft)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.1 km (0.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 0.1 km (0.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.7 km (0.4 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 2.0 km (1.2 mi)

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with non-combustible absorbent material, (e.g. sand, earth, diatomaceous earth, vermiculite) and place in container for disposal according to local/national regulations. Do not flush with water.

Wear special protective clothing and positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. Eliminate all ignition sources. Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Approach release from upwind. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.

Environmental considerations - Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Apply "universal" gelling agent to immobilize spill.

Environmental considerations - Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors. DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Separated from incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Dry. Well closed.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Keep away from water. Never allow product to get in contact with water during storage. Hydrolyzes readily. Handle and store under inert gas.

Separate from alcohols, alkalies, amines, and strong oxidizing materials. Store in a cool, dry well-ventilated location. Outside or detached storage is preferred. Inside storage should be in a standard flammable liquids storage warehouse, room, or cabinet.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

The compound is currently at the Holding Status AEGLs which have been reviewed by the NAC/AEGL Committee and are on hold due to insufficient data to develop AEGL values.

AEGLs Status: Holding

5.0 [mg/m3]

30 [mg/m3]

180 [mg/m3]

· Note: Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases.

CAUTION: For Acetyl chloride (UN1717), use CO2 or dry chemical only.

Small Fire

· CO2, dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes and skin. The vapour is severely irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Exposure at high concentrations could cause asphyxiation due to swelling in the throat. Inhalation of high concentrations may cause lung oedema, but only after initial corrosive effects on the eyes and the upper respiratory tract have become manifest. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Repeated or chronic inhalation of the vapour may cause chronic inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Repeated or prolonged inhalation of high concentrations may cause effects on the lungs.

Safety goggles; rubber or plastic gloves; self-contained breathing apparatus. (USCG, 1999)

Eye/face protection: Tightly fitting safety goggles. Faceshield (8-inch minimum). Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type AXBEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. NO contact with hot surfaces. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Prevent build-up of electrostatic charges (e.g., by grounding). Do NOT use compressed air for filling, discharging, or handling. Use non-sparking handtools.

AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use breathing protection. Use closed system or ventilation.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety spectacles, face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Acetyl chloride appears as a colorless, fuming liquid with a pungent odor. Density 9.2 lb / gal. Flash point 40 °F. Vapor, which is heavier than air, irritates the eyes and mucous membranes. Corrosive to metals and tissue.

Colorless fuming liquid; [HSDB] Pungent odor; [Merck Index]

COLOURLESS FUMING LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

Colorless fuming liquid

Pungent odor

Sharp odor

123.6 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

50.7 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-170 °F (NTP, 1992)

-112.7 °C

-112.8 °C

40 °F (NTP, 1992)

5 °C (41 °F) - closed cup

4 °C (40 °F) - closed cup

5 °C c.c.

Reaction (NTP, 1992)

Decomposed violently by water or alcohol

Miscible with benzene, chloroform, ether, glacial acetic acid, petroleum ether

Miscible with ether, acetone, benzene, chloroform; soluble in carbon tetrachloride

Soluble in ether, acetone, acetic acid

Solubility in water: reaction

1.1039 at 69.8 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.1051g/cu cm at 20 °C

Saturated liquid density: 68.849 Lb/cu ft at 70 °F

Saturated vapor density: 0.06130 Lb/cu ft at 70 °F

Relative density (water = 1): 1.11

1.1051 @ 20°C

2.7 2.1 at 100 °F (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

2.70 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.7

135 mmHg at 45.5 °F (NTP, 1992)

287.0 [mmHg]

287 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 32

287 [mm Hg] @25 °C

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

734 °F (USCG, 1999)

734 °F (390 °C)

Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions - Carbon oxides, hydrogen chloride gas.

May decompose during preparation. ... When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of phosgene and /chloride/.

Highly flammable. Fumes in air. Reacts violently with water producing heat and acidic HCl [Merck 11th ed. 1989].

Acetyl chloride reacts vigorously with water to generate gaseous HCl. Based on a scenario where the chemical is spilled into an excess of water (at least 5 fold excess of water), half of the maximum theoretical yield of Hydrogen Chloride gas will be created in 0.11 minutes. Experimental details are in the following: "Development of the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Distances for the 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook", ANL/DIS-09-2, D.F. Brown, H.M. Hartmann, W.A. Freeman, and W.D. Haney, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, June 2009.

Acyl Halides, Sulfonyl Halides, and Chloroformates

Highly Flammable

Water-Reactive

Air-Reactive

ACETYL CHLORIDE reacts violently with water, steam, methanol or ethanol to form hydrogen chloride and acetic acid. Reacts vigorously with bases, both organic and inorganic. Incompatible with oxidizing agents and alcohols. Produces highly toxic fumes of phosgene gas and chlorine when heated to decomposition [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 35]. Reaction in a confined space with even a small amount of water may cause a violent eruption of gases [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 281]. Vapor forms an explosive mixture with air [Kirk-Othmer, 3rd ed., Vol. 1, 1978, p. 162]. Polymerization reaction with dimethyl sulfoxide is particularly violent [Buckley, A., J. Chem. Ed., 1965, 42, p. 674]. May react vigorously or explosively if mixed with diisopropyl ether or other ethers in the presence of trace amounts of metal salts [J. Haz. Mat., 1981, 4, 291].

Incompatible materials: Water, alcohols, oxidizing agents, strong bases.

Dimethyl sulfoxide decomposes violently on contact with ... acetyl choride ... .

Acetyl chloride reacts violently with ethyl alcohol or water.

Water reactive. Violent exothermic decomposition with water produces corrosive hydrochloric and acetic acids. Reacts violently with alcohols, alkalies, amines, and strong oxidizing materials.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for Acetyl chloride (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Acetyl chloride is a colorless fuming liquid. It is used as an acetylating agent, reagent in testing for cholesterol, and for determination of water in organic liquids. HUMAN STUDIES: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: In the Ames test using Salmonella culture strains TA97 TA100 TA1535 TA1537 acetyl chloride was not mutagenic with or without exogenous metabolic activation. Genotoxic activity of acetyl chloride was investigated in both somatic and germ cells of Drosophila melanogaster. Only marginal genotoxic activities were observed in these cells.

Acetyl chloride

CLASSIFICATION: D; not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: No human data or animal data. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None.

Serious local effects by all routes of exposure.

Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath.

Redness. Pain. Burning sensation. Blisters. Serious skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Severe burns.

Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation behind the breastbone. Abdominal pain. Shortness of breath.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LD50 Rat oral 910 mg/kg

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Organic acids and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist respirations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Activated charcoal is not effective ... . Do not attempt to neutralize, because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic acids and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organic acids and related compounds/

/GENOTOXICITY/ The Ames test using the preincubation assay was conducted. The test chemical, Salmonella culture /(strains TA97/TA100/TA1535/TA1537)/, and S-9 mix or buffer were incubated at 37 °C, without shaking, for 20 min. The top agar was added and the contents of the tubes were mixed and poured onto the surface of petri dishes containing Vogel-Bonner medium. The histidine-independent (his+) colonies arising on these plates were counted following two days incubation at 37 °C. Acetyl chloride is not mutagenic in these bacterial test systems either with or without exogenous metabolic activation at the dose level investigated /(0, 33, 100, 333, 1000, 3333 and 6666 ug/plate)/.

/GENOTOXICITY/ The genetic toxicity profiles of vinyl chloride (VCl), vinyl bromide (VBr), ethyl carbamate (EC), vinyl carbamate (VC) and some structurally related chemicals were investigated in both somatic and germ cells of Drosophila melanogaster. In the white/white+ eye mosaic assay, a screening system measuring predominantly homologous recombination in somatic cells, only marginal genotoxic activities were observed for acetyl chloride (ACl), glycolaldehyde (GCA), 2,2'-dichlorodiethyl ether (DDE) and methyl carbamate (MC), whereas VCl, 2-chloroacetaldehyde (CAA), VBr, 2-bromoacetaldehyde (BAA) and EC were clearly recombinogenic in the assay. Those chemicals proven to be recombinogenic in somatic cells were investigated further in postmeiotic male germ cells, utilizing as descriptors of their genotoxicity I(CL/RL) and M(exr-)/M(exr+) indices. The I(CL/RL) index is the rate of induced chromosome loss (CL), a clastogenic event, divided by the forward mutation rate, measured as recessive lethal (RL) mutations in 700 loci of the X-chromosome. The M(exr-)/M(exr+) mutation enhancement ratio is obtained by determining RL under excision repair deficient versus repair proficient conditions. With I(CL/RL) values (2.7-6.9) similar to those obtained for cross-linking agents, vinyl chloride, vinyl bromide, ethyl carbamate and vinyl carbamate are all efficient clastogenic agents in Drosophila germ cells. In the absence of excision repair, however, neither CEO nor CAA gave a hypermutability response (M(exr-)/M(exr+) approximately 1). By contrast, VCl, VBr, EC and VC showed clearly enhanced M(exr-)/M(exr+) ratios, suggesting that these compounds produce some repairable DNA modification(s) that are not generated by their epoxides. This unexpected finding points to the formation of other, yet unknown, metabolites of vinyl chloride, vinyl bromide, ethyl carbamate and vinyl carbamate. Our results support the concept that the epoxides chloroethylene oxide (CEO), bromoethylene oxide (BEO) and vinyl carbamate epoxide (VCO) are the most essential mutagenic intermediates. Compared to chloroethylene oxide (CEO), 2-chloroacetaldehyde (CAA) was approximately 50 times less effective in the induction of RL, whereas BAA was inactive as a mutagen. These findings are consistent with the general view that CAA and BAA play no major role in the genotoxic action of vinyl halides.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Status of Agents Search page, which tabulates the results and current status of tests such as "Short-Term Toxicity Studies", "Long-term Carcinogenicity Studies", "Developmental Studies", "Genetic Toxicology Studies", etc., performed with this chemical. Testing status for acetyl chloride is available.[Available from, as of February 1, 2019: https://ntpsearch.niehs.nih.gov/?e=True&ContentType=Testing+Status]

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 42 mg/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 25.2-70 mg/L)

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

Acetyl chloride's production and use in chemical synthesis (acetylating agent) particularly in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and dyestuffs may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 287 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates acetyl chloride will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase acetyl chloride will react with atmospheric moisture and its half-life will depend on the humidity of the air. No half-lives for air with different water contents could be found; however, acetyl chloride is known to fume in moist air. Acetyl chloride contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, acetyl chloride is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1. However, acetyl chloride reacts violently in the presence of water and combined with the reported high reactivity of structurally-similar compounds with active hydrogen groups that occur in soil, it is unlikely that acetyl chloride would persist for long in moist soils. Acetyl chloride may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation data in soil were not available. If released in water, acetyl chloride is not expected to persist as it reacts violently with water. Adsorption to sediment, volatilization, bioconcentration in aquatic species or biodegradation are not expected because of the very short lifetime of this compound in water. Occupational exposure to acetyl chloride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where acetyl chloride is produced or used. The general public is not expected to be exposed to acetyl chloride. (SRC)

Acetyl chloride's production and use in chemical synthesis (acetylating agent), particularly in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and dyestuffs(1,2), in testing for cholesterol, and determination of water in organic liquids(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that acetyl chloride is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). In view of its violent decomposition in the presence of water(3) and the high reactivity of structurally-similar compounds with active hydrogen groups that occur in soil(4), it is unlikely that acetyl chloride would persist for long in moist soils(SRC). Acetyl chloride is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 287 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2018).

AQUATIC FATE: Acetyl chloride decomposes violently in the presence of water(1) and, therefore, will not persist in the aquatic environment(SRC). Adsorption to sediment, volatilization, bioconcentration in aquatic species or biodegradation are not expected because of the very short lifetime of this compound in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), acetyl chloride, which has a vapor pressure of 287 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase acetyl chloride may be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5 years(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.1X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). However, acetyl chloride decomposes violently in the presence of water(4) and fumes in the presence of moist air(5). Acetyl chloride contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(6) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Acetyl chloride decomposes violently with water and alcohol(1), fuming in moist air(2) and being easily hydrolyzed to acetic acid and hydrochloric acid by body moisture (e.g. mucous membrane, skin)(3). It will, therefore, not persist for any length of time in the environment where water is present. The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of acetyl chloride with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 9.1X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(4). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5 years at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(SRC). Acetyl chloride contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(5) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Acetyl chloride will decompose violently in water(1) forming acetic acid and hydrochloric acid(2). Because of its short half-life in water, bioconcentration of acetyl chloride in aquatic organisms is very unlikely(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of acetyl chloride can be estimated to be 1(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that acetyl chloride is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). However, in view of its violent decomposition in the presence of water(3) and the high reactivity of this compound towards molecules with active hydrogen groups such as natural products containing amine, phenol, and alcohol functional groups that occur in soil(4), it is unlikely that acetyl chloride would persist for long in moist soils(SRC).

Acetyl chloride will decompose violently in water(1) preempting volatilization from water or soil surfaces as a fate process(SRC). For the same reason, volatilization from moist soil surfaces is very unlikely(SRC). The potential for volatilization of acetyl chloride from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 287 mm Hg(2).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 2535 workers (574 of these are female) are potentially exposed to acetyl chloride in the US(1). Occupational exposure to acetyl chloride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where acetyl chloride is produced or used. The general population is not likely to be exposed to acetyl chloride(SRC).

Inhalation and ingestion.

Workers may be exposed through skin contact(1).

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 42 mg/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 25.2-70 mg/L)

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

Acetyl chloride's production and use in chemical synthesis (acetylating agent) particularly in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and dyestuffs may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 287 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates acetyl chloride will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase acetyl chloride will react with atmospheric moisture and its half-life will depend on the humidity of the air. No half-lives for air with different water contents could be found; however, acetyl chloride is known to fume in moist air. Acetyl chloride contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, acetyl chloride is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1. However, acetyl chloride reacts violently in the presence of water and combined with the reported high reactivity of structurally-similar compounds with active hydrogen groups that occur in soil, it is unlikely that acetyl chloride would persist for long in moist soils. Acetyl chloride may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation data in soil were not available. If released in water, acetyl chloride is not expected to persist as it reacts violently with water. Adsorption to sediment, volatilization, bioconcentration in aquatic species or biodegradation are not expected because of the very short lifetime of this compound in water. Occupational exposure to acetyl chloride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where acetyl chloride is produced or used. The general public is not expected to be exposed to acetyl chloride. (SRC)

Acetyl chloride's production and use in chemical synthesis (acetylating agent), particularly in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and dyestuffs(1,2), in testing for cholesterol, and determination of water in organic liquids(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that acetyl chloride is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). In view of its violent decomposition in the presence of water(3) and the high reactivity of structurally-similar compounds with active hydrogen groups that occur in soil(4), it is unlikely that acetyl chloride would persist for long in moist soils(SRC). Acetyl chloride is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 287 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2018).

AQUATIC FATE: Acetyl chloride decomposes violently in the presence of water(1) and, therefore, will not persist in the aquatic environment(SRC). Adsorption to sediment, volatilization, bioconcentration in aquatic species or biodegradation are not expected because of the very short lifetime of this compound in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), acetyl chloride, which has a vapor pressure of 287 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase acetyl chloride may be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5 years(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.1X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). However, acetyl chloride decomposes violently in the presence of water(4) and fumes in the presence of moist air(5). Acetyl chloride contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(6) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Acetyl chloride decomposes violently with water and alcohol(1), fuming in moist air(2) and being easily hydrolyzed to acetic acid and hydrochloric acid by body moisture (e.g. mucous membrane, skin)(3). It will, therefore, not persist for any length of time in the environment where water is present. The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of acetyl chloride with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 9.1X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(4). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5 years at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(SRC). Acetyl chloride contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(5) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Acetyl chloride will decompose violently in water(1) forming acetic acid and hydrochloric acid(2). Because of its short half-life in water, bioconcentration of acetyl chloride in aquatic organisms is very unlikely(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of acetyl chloride can be estimated to be 1(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that acetyl chloride is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). However, in view of its violent decomposition in the presence of water(3) and the high reactivity of this compound towards molecules with active hydrogen groups such as natural products containing amine, phenol, and alcohol functional groups that occur in soil(4), it is unlikely that acetyl chloride would persist for long in moist soils(SRC).

Acetyl chloride will decompose violently in water(1) preempting volatilization from water or soil surfaces as a fate process(SRC). For the same reason, volatilization from moist soil surfaces is very unlikely(SRC). The potential for volatilization of acetyl chloride from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 287 mm Hg(2).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 2535 workers (574 of these are female) are potentially exposed to acetyl chloride in the US(1). Occupational exposure to acetyl chloride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where acetyl chloride is produced or used. The general population is not likely to be exposed to acetyl chloride(SRC).

Inhalation and ingestion.

Workers may be exposed through skin contact(1).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U006, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Acetyl chloride is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.

A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperture range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time 0.1 to 2 seconds. A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY.

Table: Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Acetyl chloride (when spilled in water) ID: 1717 [Table#1914]

Table of Water-Reactive Materials Which Produce Toxic Gases.

Table: Materials Which Produce Large Amounts of Toxic-by-Inhalation (TIH) Gas(es) When Spilled in Water [Table#1915]

/GUIDE 155 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Flammable/Water-Sensitive)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Substance will react with water (some violently) releasing flammable, toxic or corrosive gases and runoff. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.

/GUIDE 155 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Flammable/Water-Sensitive)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Bromoacetates and chloroacetates are extremely irritating/lachrymators. Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Acetyl chloride (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1717; Acetyl chloride

IMO 3; Acetyl chloride

49 076 01; Acetyl chloride

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Acetyl chloride is included on the dangerous goods list.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Acetyl bromide is included on the dangerous goods list.

Flammable Liquid Corrosive

Airtight. Unbreakable packaging. Put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container.

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Subsidiary Risks: 8; UN Pack Group: II