dichlorofluoromethane

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.9% (1 of 114) of reports.

H280 (99.1%): Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]

H420 (34.2%): Harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere [Warning Hazardous to the ozone layer]

P410+P403, and P502 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 114 reports by companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 114 reports by companies.

There are 5 notifications provided by 113 of 114 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]

H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P318, P319, P332+P317, P337+P317, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P410+P403</a, and a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ghs/#P410+P403">P410+P403 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water, do NOT remove clothes. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Dichloromonofluoromethane:

Eye: FROSTBITE - If eye tissue is frozen, seek medical attention immediately; if tissue is not frozen, immediately and thoroughly flush the eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the lower and upper eyelids. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, get medical attention as soon as possible.

Skin: FROSTBITE - If frostbite has occurred, seek medical attention immediately; do NOT rub the affected areas or flush them with water. In order to prevent further tissue damage, do NOT attempt to remove frozen clothing from frostbitten areas. If frostbite has NOT occurred, immediately and thoroughly wash contaminated skin with soap and water.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. (NIOSH, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· In case of contact with liquefied gas, only medical personnel should attempt thawing frosted parts.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Frostbite - If eye tissue is frozen, seek medical attention immediately; if tissue is not frozen, immediately and thoroughly flush the eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the lower and upper eyelids. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, get medical attention as soon as possible.

Skin: Frostbite - Compressed gases may create low temperatures when they expand rapidly. Leaks and uses that allow rapid expansion may cause a frostbite hazard. Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent the skin from becoming frozen.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:

Use extinguishing agent suitable for type of surrounding fire.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical or CO2.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. Some of these materials, if spilled, may evaporate leaving a flammable residue. (ERG, 2024)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water.

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Allow substance to evaporate.

· Ventilate the area.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 500 meters (1/3 mile).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

Large Spill

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 500 meters (1/3 mile).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Ventilation. NEVER direct water jet on liquid.

If Refrigerant 21 is spilled or leaked, the following steps should be taken: 1. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 2. If the gas is leaking, stop the flow. 3. If the liquid is spilled or leaked, allow to vaporize.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced.

Sufficient exhaust and general ventilation should be provided to keep vapor concentration below recommended levels. /Fluorocarbons/

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner such that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Any clothing which becomes wet with liquid ... should be removed immediately and not reworn until the Refrigerant 21 has evaporated.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for DICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:

Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Allow substance to evaporate. Ventilate the area. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof if in building.

... MATERIALS MUST BE STORED IN PLACES THAT ARE COOL ... PROVIDE ADEQUATE VENTILATION ... FURTHER PRECAUTION IS TO LOCATE ... AREA ... AWAY FROM AREAS OF FIRE HAZARD ... .

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

10.0 [ppm]

20 [ppm]

100 [ppm]

50000 [ppm]

10 ppm (40 mg/m³)

TWA 10 ppm (40 mg/m3)

1000.0 [ppm]

1000 ppm (4200 mg/m³)

TWA 1000 ppm (4200 mg/m3) See Appendix G

5000 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

5000.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: In 5­minute cardiac sensitization screening tests, 2 of 12 unanesthetized dogs exposed to 10,000 ppm of dichloromonofluoromethane plus intravenous epinephrine showed evidence of serious arrhythmia; no response was noted at 5,000 ppm [Mullin 1975].

5000 ppm

See: 75434

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 10 ppm.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

10 ppm as TWA.

10 ppm [1977]

· Use extinguishing agent suitable for type of surrounding fire.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical or CO2.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

Fire Involving Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· Some of these materials, if spilled, may evaporate leaving a flammable residue.

A harmful concentration of this gas in the air will be reached very quickly on loss of containment.

The liquid may cause frostbite. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system at high concentrations. Exposure far above the OEL could cause cardiac dysrhythmia.

The substance may have effects on the liver.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Dichloromonofluoromethane:

Skin: FROSTBITE - Compressed gases may create low temperatures when they expand rapidly. Leaks and uses that allow rapid expansion may cause a frostbite hazard. Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent the skin from becoming frozen.

Dichlorofluoromethane is a colorless, odorless gas. It is shipped as a liquid under its own vapor pressure. Contact with the liquid may cause frostbite to unprotected skin. It can asphyxiate by displacement of air. Exposure of the container to prolonged heat or fire may cause it to rupture violently and rocket.

Colorless gas with a slight, ether-like odor; Note: A liquid below 48 degrees F. Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS GAS OR COMPRESSED LIQUEFIED GAS WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless gas with a slight, ether-like odor.

Colorless gas with a slight, ether-like odor. [Note: A liquid below 48 °F. Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas.]

Colorless heavy gas

Colorless gas ... [Note: A liquid below 48 degrees F. Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas]

... Slight ether-like odor ...

48 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

Heat of vaporization = 5.79 Kcal/mol at 25 °C; 6.01 kcal/mol at the boiling point

8.9 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-211 °F (USCG, 1999)

-130.4 °C

0.7 % at 86 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

In water, 1.88X10+04 mg/L at 25 °C

Soluble in carbon tetrachloride

69 parts/100 parts acetic acid; 108 parts/100 parts dioxane

> 10% in ethyl alcohol; > 10% in ethyl ether;> 10% in chloroform

0.95% weight at 25 deg in water

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 1 (poor)

(86 °F): 0.7%

1.48 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

Density: 1.405 g/cu cm 9 °C

1.405 @ 9°C

3.57(relative gas density)

3.57 (NIOSH, 2024) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

3.82 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.8

2217.93 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

1360 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 21 °C: 159

1.6 atm at 70 °F

750 [mm Hg] @8.6 °C

(70 °F): 1.6 atm

log Kow = 1.55

/Condition/ contributing to instability: heat.

1022 °F (USCG, 1999)

When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of chloride and fluoride.

Toxic gases and vapors (such as hydrogen chloride, phosgene, and hydrogen fluoride) may be released when it decomposes.

0.313 cP at 25 °C (liq); 0.0114 cP at 25 °C, 101.3 kPa ... /gas/

Slightly soluble in water.

Fluorinated Organic Compounds

DICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE is incompatible with the following: Chemically-active metals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, powdered aluminum, zinc & magnesium; acid; acid fumes (NIOSH, 2024).

Incompatibilities: Reacts violently with chemically active metals: sodium, potassium, calcium, powdered aluminum, zinc, magnesium, alkali, alkaline earth. Reacts with acids or acid fumes producing highly toxic chlorine and fluorine fumes. Attacks some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings.

Chemically-active metals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, powdered aluminum, zinc & magnesium; acid; acid fumes.

Dichlorofluoromethane reacts with chemically active metals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, powdered aluminum, zinc, and magnesium; will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings.

Chemically-active metals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, powdered aluminum, zinc & magnesium; acid; acid fumes

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Dichlorofluoromethane is a colorless heavy gas that is used as a refrigerant, solvent, propellant and heat-exchange fluid. It is also referred to as CFC-21 but has fewer uses than other chlorofluorocarbons. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Inhalation of dichlorofluoromethane can cause confusion, drowsiness, and unconsciousness; and direct contact with skin can cause frostbite. Limited information was available on the toxicity and exposure to humans. One case study in which dicholorfluoromethane was one of the components of a water-repellent spray that was used in an insufficiently ventilated room by two young people, a 23 year man and his wife aged 21, who were admitted to the hospital with complaints of headache; nausea, dyspnea. Volatiles are frequently abused as inhalants. ANIMAL STUDIES: When administered alone to anesthetized mice at a concentration of 100,000 ppm, CFC-21 induced arrhythmia and sensitized the heart to epinephrine. Tachycardia with hypotension was observed in both monkeys and dogs that were anesthetized and exposed at 50,000-100,000 ppm. Bronchoconstriction was noted at 25,000 ppm. Repeated exposures have produced marked hepatic damage or failure. Ten of ten rats survived exposure at 10,000 ppm CFC-21, 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 2 weeks, but their livers were grossly pale and heavy. Histopathologic examination showed centrilobular necrosis with related changes. In comparable 90-day series of exposure at 5000 and 1000 ppm levels, rats showed bilateral hair loss and excessive mortality (20 of 54 died at 1000 ppm, 15 of 54 at 5000 ppm). Four dogs exposed at both levels showed weight loss. Cirrhosis was evident in rats exposed at both levels, but with dogs histopathologic changes in the liver were mild and evident only at the 5000 ppm. CFC-21 has produced pre-implantation loss in pregnant rats exposed at 10,000 ppm. After exposure for 6 hr daily, on days 6 to 15 of gestation, 15 or 25 pregnant females had no viable fetuses or implantation sites on the uterine wall. Pregnancy outcome and fetal development in the other 10 rats were unaffected.

Dichlorofluoromethane

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

Based on PPRTV

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

inhalation, skin and/or eye contact (liquid)

Confusion. Drowsiness. Unconsciousness.

ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE.

asphyxia, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac arrest; liquid: frostbite

respiratory system, cardiovascular system

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Other Poison - Simple Asphyxiant

LC50 (rat) = 49,900 ppm/4H

LC50 Rat inhalation 49,900 ppm 4 hr

If inhalation occurs, epinephrine or other sympathomimetic amines and adrenergic activators should not be administered since they will further sensitize heart to development of arrhythmias. /Fluorocarbons/

Adrenaline should not be admin, because of the possibility of inducing cardiac arrhythmias or arrest. /Flourocarbons/

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Chlorinated fluorocarbons (CFCs) and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations as needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Minimize physical activity and provide a quiet atmosphere. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. Rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Treat frostbite with rapid rewarming techniques ... . /Chlorinated fluorocarbons (CFCs) and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Chlorinated fluorocarbons (CFCs) and related compounds/

Emergency and supportive measures. 1. Remove the individual from the contaminated environment. 2. Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. 3. Treat coma and arrhythmias if the occur. Avoid epinephrine or other sympathomimetic amines that may precipitate ventricular arrhythmias. Tachyarrhythmias caused by increased myocardial sensitivity may be treated with propranolol ... or esmolol ... . 4. Monitor ECG for 4-6 hours. /Freons and halons/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for DICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Consider the points of attack /respiratory system, lung, cardiovascular system/ in preplacement and periodic physical examinations.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ In high concn, it may cause central nervous depression.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Attention /has been drawn/ to prominent cardiotoxic effects, manifested in arrhythmias, that are assoc with pulmonary exposure to ... fluorocarbon 21 ... tachycardia, myocardial depression, and hypotension have been described.

/CASE REPORTS/ Two young people, a 23 year man and his wife aged 21, are admitted in hospital because they complain of headache; nausea, dyspnea. These symptoms are related with the use of a water-repellent spray in bad conditions; troubles appear because the product is used in an insufficiently ventilated room. At the admission time, the man suffers from coughing, polypnea, giddiness, the fever is 38 degrees, 3 C. The blood gas values are normal. The thoracic Xray is also normal. The woman is more affected the fever is 38.8 degrees C. The signs are worse and the blood value of CO is 5%. The blood gas values are: PO2 64.8 mm HG, SaO2 /artial saturation of oxygen/ 92.4%, PCO2 28.8 mm Hg. The chest Xray shows signs of acute pulmonary edema. Corticoids and furosemide give a progressive improvement. 48 hr later a favorable evolution is noted in the two cases. The German manufacturer of the product gave its composition which is as follows: - petrol 17.3% - essence 15.3% - methylene chloride 13.7% - freon (trichlorofluoro-methane - dichlorofluoromethane) 42.2% - impregnant (melamine resin; organic methylic soap) 2.6% - propan butan 9.2%. The compound responsible for the symptomatology is petrol vapor which, if inhalated, is well known to produce pulmonary toxicity. The woman's condition was worse because she used the spray herself and therefore inhaled a lot a vapours. With this type of product the direction for use have to be strictly followed ie the operation must take place in a well ventilated room.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Although toxicity due to acute inhalation is low, CFC-21 is appreciably more toxic than related difluorinated methanes such as dichlorodifluoromethane or chlorodifluoromethane. The chronic toxicity of CFC-21 is markedly different from these compounds, and appears to be more similar to chloroform.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Exposure at 100,000 ppm killed ... guinea pigs within an hour. Clinical signs included loss of coordination, tremors, CNS depression, and prostration; limited pathologic examination, partly obscured by postmortem change, revealed possible lung and liver changes.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ When administered alone to anesthetized mice at a concentration of 100,000 ppm, CFC-21 induced arrhythmia and sensitized the heart to epinephrine. Tachycardia with hypotension was observed in both monkeys and dogs that were anesthetized and exposed at 50,000-100,000 ppm. Bronchoconstriction was noted at 25,000 ppm.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Repeated exposures have produced marked hepatic damage or failure. Ten of ten rats survived exposure at 10,000 ppm CFC-21, 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 2 weeks, but their livers were grossly pale and heavy. Histopathologic examination showed centrilobular necrosis with related changes. In comparable 90-day series of exposure at 5000 and 1000 ppm levels, rats showed bilateral hair loss and excessive mortality (20 of 54 died at 1000 ppm, 15 of 54 at 5000 ppm). Four dogs exposed at both levels showed weight loss. Cirrhosis was evident in rats exposed at both levels, but with dogs histopathologic changes in the liver were mild and evident only at the 5000 ppm.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ CFC-21 has produced pre-implantation loss in pregnant rats exposed at 10,000 ppm. After exposure for 6 hr daily, on days 6 to 15 of gestation, 15 of 25 pregnant females had no viable fetuses or implantation sites on the uterine wall. Pregnancy outcome and fetal development in the other 10 rats were unaffected.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ The question as to whether or not the hypotension observed as part of the effect of tricholorofluoromethane (FC11), dichlorofluoromethane (FC 12), dichlorotetrafluoroethane (FC 114) and methyl chloroform was due to a vasodepressor component of action, in addition to the previously documented depression in myocardial contractile force, was answered by testing these agents in an anesthetized dog preparation in which one hind limb was perfused at constant flow through the femoral artery. 5% FC 11, 20% FC 12 and 20% FC 114 decreased vascular resistance of the perfused limb, as reflected by decrease in mean femoral arterial perfusion pressure, in vagotomized but not in intact preparations. ... It may be concluded from this study that FC 11, FC 12 and FC 114 exhibit a vasodepressor activity on skeletal muscle vascular bed which is readily overcome by the hypotension-induced activation of the sympathetic system but which becomes evident when reflex activity is prevented by vagotomy. ...

A subchronic inhalation toxicity study was conducted with groups of male (35) and female (35) albino rats (strain not reported) receiving whole body exposure to dichloromonofluoromethane at a nominal concentration of 0, 50, 150 or 500ppm in a dynamic air flow chamber for 6 hours per day, five days per week for approximately 90 days. On day 45 and day 90, 5 animals per sex and 20 animals per sex, respectively were sacrificed. The remaining animals were observed for an additional 30 days and then sacrificed. Four high dose males were found dead during the exposure period and one female and six males from the high dose group were found dead during the recovery period. High dose rats were observed to have statistically significant (p < 0.01) lower body weights than controls during the exposure period, but were comparable after the 30 day recovery period. Hematology, clinical chemistry and urine analysis values were similar between all dosed animals and control animals, with the exception of a slightly higher total blood leukocytes counts and elevated mean SAP and SGPT values for high dose animals at approximately 45, 90 and 120 days. A dose related increase in urine fluoride levels was also observed. Histopathology evaluation of treated animals revealed portal cirrhosis of the liver, interstitial edema of the pancreas and degeneration of the seminiferous epithelium. Three cases of leukemia were observed in high dose male rats.

Avoid release to the environment because of its impact on the ozone layer.

Dichlorofluoromethane's production and use as a refrigerant, solvent, propellant, and heat exchange fluid may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its use as an approved inert ingredient in pesticides for nonfood uses as a propellant will result in its direct release to the environment. Per 40CFR82, which implements the Montreal Protocol, dichlorofluoromethane will no longer be produced or imported in the United States after 2015, except for its use as a refrigerant in equipment manufactured before 1/1/2020; no production or importing after 1/1/2030 will be allowed. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1.36X10+03 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates dichlorofluoromethane will exist solely in the gas-phase in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase dichlorofluoromethane will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.5 years. If released to soil, dichlorofluoromethane is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 32. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.08X10-02 atm-cu m/mole. Dichlorofluoromethane is expected to volatilize rapidly from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Dichlorofluoromethane has been observed to biodegrade under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions in various microcosm experiments using soil, aquatic sediment and sewage sludge. Complete aerobic biodegradation of dichlorofluoromethane in soil by methanotrophic bacteria in 5-19 days has been reported. If released into water, dichlorofluoromethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Approximately 93% and 50% degradation of dichlorofluoromethane in anoxic sediment samples collected from freshwater and saltwater wetlands occurred within 27 and 43 days, respectively. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 5 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. A half-life of approximately 230 years for the neutral and alkaline hydrolysis reactions for dichlorofluoromethane indicates hydrolysis will not be an important fate process. Occupational exposure to dichlorofluoromethane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact of this compound at workplaces where dichlorofluoromethane is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to dichlorofluoromethane via inhalation of ambient air. (SRC)

Emissions of dichlorofluoromethane have been reported from volcanos(1).

... Dichlorofluoromethane (FC-21) ... appears as a contaminant of commercially available FC 22.

Dichlorofluoromethane's production and use as a refrigerant, solvent, propellant, and heat exchange fluid(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its use as an approved inert ingredient in pesticides for nonfood uses(2) as a propellant(3) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC). When used as a refrigerant, solvent, or aerosol propellant, dichlorofluoromethane will be eventually lost to the atmosphere unless it is captured and recycled(4,5). Per 40CFR82, which implements the Montreal Protocol, dichlorofluoromethane will no longer be produced or imported in the United States after 2015, except for its use as a refrigerant in equipment manufactured before 1/1/2020; no production or importing after 1/1/2030 will be allowed(6).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 32(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that dichlorofluoromethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of dichlorofluoromethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.08X10-02 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.36X10+03 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 1.88X10+04 mg/L(4). Dichlorofluoromethane exists as a gas above 9 °C and is expected to volatilize rapidly from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure(SRC). Dichlorofluoromethane has been observed to biodegrade under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions in various microcosm experiments using soil and sediment(5-7). Complete aerobic biodegradation of dichlorofluoromethane in soil by methanotrophic bacteria in 5-19 days has been reported(5).

Avoid release to the environment because of its impact on the ozone layer.

Dichlorofluoromethane's production and use as a refrigerant, solvent, propellant, and heat exchange fluid may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its use as an approved inert ingredient in pesticides for nonfood uses as a propellant will result in its direct release to the environment. Per 40CFR82, which implements the Montreal Protocol, dichlorofluoromethane will no longer be produced or imported in the United States after 2015, except for its use as a refrigerant in equipment manufactured before 1/1/2020; no production or importing after 1/1/2030 will be allowed. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1.36X10+03 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates dichlorofluoromethane will exist solely in the gas-phase in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase dichlorofluoromethane will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.5 years. If released to soil, dichlorofluoromethane is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 32. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.08X10-02 atm-cu m/mole. Dichlorofluoromethane is expected to volatilize rapidly from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Dichlorofluoromethane has been observed to biodegrade under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions in various microcosm experiments using soil, aquatic sediment and sewage sludge. Complete aerobic biodegradation of dichlorofluoromethane in soil by methanotrophic bacteria in 5-19 days has been reported. If released into water, dichlorofluoromethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Approximately 93% and 50% degradation of dichlorofluoromethane in anoxic sediment samples collected from freshwater and saltwater wetlands occurred within 27 and 43 days, respectively. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 5 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. A half-life of approximately 230 years for the neutral and alkaline hydrolysis reactions for dichlorofluoromethane indicates hydrolysis will not be an important fate process. Occupational exposure to dichlorofluoromethane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact of this compound at workplaces where dichlorofluoromethane is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to dichlorofluoromethane via inhalation of ambient air. (SRC)

Emissions of dichlorofluoromethane have been reported from volcanos(1).

... Dichlorofluoromethane (FC-21) ... appears as a contaminant of commercially available FC 22.

Dichlorofluoromethane's production and use as a refrigerant, solvent, propellant, and heat exchange fluid(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its use as an approved inert ingredient in pesticides for nonfood uses(2) as a propellant(3) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC). When used as a refrigerant, solvent, or aerosol propellant, dichlorofluoromethane will be eventually lost to the atmosphere unless it is captured and recycled(4,5). Per 40CFR82, which implements the Montreal Protocol, dichlorofluoromethane will no longer be produced or imported in the United States after 2015, except for its use as a refrigerant in equipment manufactured before 1/1/2020; no production or importing after 1/1/2030 will be allowed(6).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 32(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that dichlorofluoromethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of dichlorofluoromethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.08X10-02 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.36X10+03 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 1.88X10+04 mg/L(4). Dichlorofluoromethane exists as a gas above 9 °C and is expected to volatilize rapidly from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure(SRC). Dichlorofluoromethane has been observed to biodegrade under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions in various microcosm experiments using soil and sediment(5-7). Complete aerobic biodegradation of dichlorofluoromethane in soil by methanotrophic bacteria in 5-19 days has been reported(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 32(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that dichlorofluoromethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.08X10-02 atm-cu m/mole derived from its vapor pressure, 1.36X10+03 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 1.88X10+04 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 2(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 1.55(7) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Dichlorofluoromethane has been observed to biodegrade under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions in various microcosm experiments using soil, aquatic sediment and sewage sludge(8-10). Approximately 93% and 50% degradation of dichlorofluoromethane in anoxic sediment samples collected from freshwater and saltwater wetlands occurred within 27 and 43 days, respectively, at 20 degrees(8). Rate constants for the neutral and alkaline hydrolysis reactions for dichlorofluoromethane are 2.1X10-10 and 5.4X10-09 L/mole-min, respectively(11); these rates correspond to a half-life of approximately 230 years(11).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dichlorofluoromethane, which has a vapor pressure of 1.36X10+03 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely in the gas-phase in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase dichlorofluoromethane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.5 years(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.90X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3).

AEROBIC: Complete degradation of dichlorofluoromethane, initially present at approximately 95 ppm, by methanotrophic bacteria occurred within approximately 19 days in soil samples collected from an agricultural field(1) when methane was added to the soil(1). In soil samples collected from a forest, complete degradation of dichlorofluoromethane, initially present at approximately 26 ppm, by methanotrophic bacteria occurred within approximately 5 days when methane was added to the soil(1). In batch experiments using soil pre-exposed to landfill gas incubated with methane and air, dichlorofluoromethane degraded with an oxidation rate 0.509 ug/g soil-hour(2). Dichlorofluoromethane, present at 11.6 mg/L, reached 0% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at a reported concentration of sludge of 1 drop/L in the Japanese MITI test(3).

ANAEROBIC: Approximately 93% of the dichlorofluoromethane added to anoxic sediment samples collected from a fresh water wetland was biodegraded within 27 days at 20 degrees C(1). Approximately 50% of the dichlorofluoromethane added to anoxic sediment samples collected from a salt water wetland was degraded in 43 days; however, approximately 26% degradation was also observed in the sterilized controls(1). Approximately 90% of dichlorofluoromethane was degraded in 24 hours (degradation rate of 0.3 umol/hour) by a mixed methanotrophic culture (ENV2041) suspended in a 3-(N-morpholino)-propanesulfonic acid solution at 20 degrees C with a pH of 7.4; degradation rates of 0.2 and 0.1 were observed using M. trichosporium (OB3b) and M. vaccae (JOB5), respectively(2). The degradation half-life of dichlorofluoromethane in an anaerobic sewage sludge microcosm experiment was 30 days with chlorofluoromethane identified as a degradation product(3). The degradation half-life of dichlorofluoromethane in an anaerobic aquifer sediment microcosm experiment was 63.7 days with chlorofluoromethane identified as a degradation product(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of dichlorofluoromethane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 2.90X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of approximately 1.5 years at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). Utilizing a two-dimensional, tropospheric model that considers both vertical and latitudinal transport as well as reaction with atmospheric species, the half-life of dichlorofluoromethane in the troposphere is estimated to be 2.0 yr(3). As a result of its long half-life, the dichlorofluoromethane released to the atmosphere will accumulate in the atmosphere and disperse over a large area(3). About 5% of the dichlorofluoromethane is predicted to diffuse to the stratosphere(3) where it will be destroyed as a result of photodissociation and reaction with hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen (O(1D)) atoms(3-6). In the process, free radicals are released which react with the ozone layer. Rate constants for the neutral and alkaline hydrolysis reactions for dichlorofluoromethane are 2.1X10-10 and 5.4X10-09 L/mole-min; these rates correspond to a half-life of approximately 230 years(7).

An estimated BCF of 5 was calculated for dichlorofluoromethane in fish(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.55(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. The BCF of dichlorofluoromethane is reported as low using carp (Cyprinus carpio) which were exposed over an 8-week period (actual BCF value not reported)(4).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for dichlorofluoromethane can be estimated to be 32(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that dichlorofluoromethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for dichlorofluoromethane is estimated as 1.08X10-02 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.36X10+03 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 1.88x10+04 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that dichlorofluoromethane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 3 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 4 days(SRC). Dichlorofluoromethane's estimated Henry's Law constant(SRC) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces will occur rapidly(SRC). Dichlorofluoromethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure(1).

GROUNDWATER: Dichlorofluoromethane was detected at concentrations of 3 and 0.5 ug/L in 2 of 4 off-site monitoring wells near a former plant that formulated non-lubricating automotive fluids(1).

DRINKING WATER: No dichlorofluoromethane was found in a survey of 1174 community wells and 617 private wells in Wisconsin, in which dichlorofluoromethane was one of the target compounds(1).

Dichlorofluoromethane was found in gases emanating from a simulated landfill(1); no quantitation was performed; the material in the simulated landfill consisted of municipal refuse and various loadings of municipal wastewater sludge(1). Dichlorofluoromethane was reported in landfill gas at a concentration of 93 mg/cu m(2); the site was a clay pit that received both municipal and industrial solid wastes, and liquid waste were at the sampling point(2). Dichlorofluoromethane was detected in municipal solid waste landfill gas at seven locations in the United Kingdom at concentrations ranging from 1-85 mg/cu m(3).

NASA aircraft measurements of halocarbons over mostly the northeast US and Mexico during 2004-2006 monitoring detected dichlorofluoromethane (concentrations not reported)(1); but based upon the monitoring data, US emissions of dichlorofluoromethane were estimated to be 0.2 Gigagrams/year(1).

RURAL/REMOTE: Based on air measurements made in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean, off the coast of Kenya, and at two locations in the Egyptian desert, the background concentration of dichlorofluoromethane ranges between 0 and 1 parts per trillion with excursions up to 5-7 parts per trillion(1). In the desert measurements, where samples were collected three times a day, no significant diurnal fluctuation was noted. Levels of dichlorofluoromethane measured at particularly clean sites in Tasmania, the South Pole and the Pacific Northwest averaged 0.08 parts per trillion(2). Levels at a site in southern England averaged 1.6 parts per trillion(2).

The concentration of dichlorofluoromethane in six samples of municipal solid waste ranged from below detection (detection limit not provided) to 0.89 ppm(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 12,182 workers (1,640 of these are female) are potentially exposed to dichlorofluoromethane in the US(1). Occupational exposure to dichlorofluoromethane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact of this compound at workplaces where dichlorofluoromethane is produced or used(SRC). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to dichlorofluoromethane via inhalation of ambient air(SRC).

Inhalation, ingestion, eye and skin contact.

Occupational exposure to manufactured fluorocarbons occurs in the manufacture, use, servicing, and disposal of refrigeration units, solvent applications, and plastic foam blowing. Cylinder packers and shippers; occassional high exposure to tank truck and tank car fillers; maintenance operators; lab analysts. /Fluorocarbons/

Personal air samples were collected from firefighters in Buffalo, NY while responding to 3 wood-frame building structure fires and one car fire; the range of dichlorofluoromethane detected in the breathing space varied from 0.67 to 12.1 ppm(1).

Dichlorofluoromethane was found in the expired air of 2 of 8 male volunteers; the amounts exhaled in these two subjects were 0.14 and 0.062 fg/hr(1). Dichlorofluoromethane was detected, but not quantified, in the expired air of a nonsmoking population of 62 males and females, suburban and urban residents(2). The percentage of subjects whose breath contained dichlorofluoromethane was not reported.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced.

/GUIDE 126: GASES - COMPRESSED or LIQUEFIED (Including Refrigerant Gases)/ Fire or Explosion: Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket.

/GUIDE 126: GASES - COMPRESSED or LIQUEFIED (Including Refrigerant Gases)/ Health: Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

/GUIDE 126: GASES - COMPRESSED or LIQUEFIED (Including Refrigerant Gases)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 126: GASES - COMPRESSED or LIQUEFIED (Including Refrigerant Gases)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for DICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1029; Dichlorofluoromethane

IMO 2.2; Dichlorofluoromethane

49 045 74; Dichlorofluoromethane

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Non-Flammable Gas

UN Hazard Class: 2.2