trifluoromethane

H280 (100%): Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]

P410+P403</a, and a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ghs/#P410+P403">P410+P403 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 179 reports by companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

P261, P271, P304+P340, P319, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water, do NOT remove clothes. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: In case of contact with liquefied gas, only medical personnel should attempt thawing frosted parts. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 120 [Gases - Inert (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: Clothing frozen to the skin should be thawed before being removed. In case of contact with liquefied gas, only medical personnel should attempt thawing frosted parts. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Clothing frozen to the skin should be thawed before being removed.

· In case of contact with liquefied gas, only medical personnel should attempt thawing frosted parts.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:

Use extinguishing agent suitable for type of surrounding fire.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical or CO2.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. Some of these materials, if spilled, may evaporate leaving a flammable residue. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 120 [Gases - Inert (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:

Use extinguishing agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Do not use water on material itself. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.

· If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Allow substance to evaporate.

· Ventilate the area.

CAUTION: When in contact with refrigerated/cryogenic liquids, many materials become brittle and are likely to break without warning.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 500 meters (1/3 mile).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 120 [Gases - Inert (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

Large Spill

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 500 meters (1/3 mile).

Ventilation. NEVER direct water jet on liquid. Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas; Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains; Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Clean up promptly by sweeping or vacuum.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas; Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains.

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Personnel protection: Keep upwind. Avoid breathing vapors. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:

Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Allow substance to evaporate. Ventilate the area. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 120 [Gases - Inert (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:

Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Allow substance to evaporate. Ventilate the area. CAUTION: When in contact with refrigerated/cryogenic liquids, many materials become brittle and are likely to break without warning. (ERG, 2024)

Cool. Ventilation along the floor.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Contents under pressure.

May be stored over water.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

· Always wear thermal protective clothing when handling refrigerated/cryogenic liquids or solids.

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

440 [ppm]

4900 [ppm]

29000 [ppm]

· Use extinguishing agent suitable for type of surrounding fire.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

Fire Involving Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical or CO2.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam.

· Some of these materials, if spilled, may evaporate leaving a flammable residue.

Global Warming Potential (GWP): Chemical: HFC-23; GWP: 14,800 (100-Year Time Horizon)

On loss of containment this substance can cause suffocation by lowering the oxygen content of the air in confined areas.

Inhalation of the vapour may cause depression of the central nervous system. The liquid may cause frostbite. Exposure could cause cardiac arrythmia and asphyxiation.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 120 [Gases - Inert (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. Always wear thermal protective clothing when handling refrigerated/cryogenic liquids or solids. (ERG, 2024)

Eye/face protection: Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Impervious clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type AXBEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Cold-insulating gloves.

Wear safety goggles.

Trifluoromethane is a colorless nonflammable gas. It is shipped as a liquid under pressure. It may be narcotic in high concentrations. Under prolonged exposure to fire or heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket. It is used as a refrigerant.

Trifluoromethane, refrigerated liquid appears as a colorless odorless gas. Heavier than air. Contact may irritate mucous membranes. May asphyxiate by displacing air. Contact may cause frost bite. Under prolonged exposure to fire or heat containers may rupture violently and rocket.

Gas Vapor; Liquid

Colorless, odorless gas or liquefied gas; [HSDB]

ODOURLESS COLOURLESS COMPRESSED LIQUEFIED GAS.

Colorless gas

Liquefied gas

Odorless

-82.0 °C

-84.4 °C

-82.2 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-155.18 °C

In water, 4.09X10+3 mg/L at 25 °C

Very soluble in ethanol; soluble in acetone, benzene; slightly soluble in chloroform

75 mL/100 mL water

500 mL/100 mL alcohol

Solubility in water: none

0.673 g/cu cm at 25 °C (pressure > 1 atm)

Density: 1.935 (solid); critical density: 0.516. Chemically very inert. Stable up to 1150 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.44

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.4

35300.0 [mmHg]

3.53X10+4 mm Hg at 25 °C /from experimentally-derived coefficients/

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 4000

35300 [mm Hg] @25 °C

log Kow = 0.64

Henry's Law constant = 9.52X10-2 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

Stable up to 1150 °C

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of ... /fluoride/.

All fluorocarbons will undergo thermal decomposition when exposed to flame or red-hot metal. /Fluorocarbons/

The decomposition of trifluoromethane (CHF3) was carried out using non-thermal plasma generated in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor. The effects of reactor temperature, electric power, initial concentration and oxygen content were examined. The DBD reactor was able to completely destroy CHF3 with alumina beads as a packing material. The decomposition efficiency increased with increasing electric power and reactor temperature. The destruction of CHF3 gradually increased with the addition of O2 up to 2%, but further increase in the oxygen content led to a decrease in the decomposition efficiency. The degradation pathways were explained with the identified by-products. The main by-products from CHF3 were found to be COF2, CF4, CO2 and CO although the COF2 and CF4 disappeared when the plasma were combined with alumina catalyst.

Index of refraction: 1.215 @ -73 °C (liquid)

Global Warming Potential (GWP): Chemical: HFC-23; GWP: 14,800 (100-Year Time Horizon)

Specific volume: 5.5 cu ft/lb at 70 °F and 1 atm

Critical volume: 133 cu cm/mole

Enthalpy of melting (at mp): 0.970 kcal/mole; enthalpy of vaporization (at bp): 3.99 kcal/mole; specific heat at 400 K: 14.61 cal/K/mole, at 600 K: 18.16 cal/K/mole, at 800 K: 20.35 cal/K/mole, at 1000 K: 21.76 cal/K/mole

Dunham energy parameter

Schoenflies notation

Absorbance

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Fluorinated Organic Compounds

TRIFLUOROMETHANE is chemically inert in many situations, but can react violently with strong reducing agents such as the very active metals and the active metals. They suffer oxidation with strong oxidizing agents and under extremes of temperature.

TRIFLUOROMETHANE attacks magnesium and its alloys. [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 936]. Contact of very cold liquefied gas with water may result in vigorous or violent boiling of the product and extremely rapid vaporization due to the large temperature differences involved. If the water is hot, there is the possibility that a liquid "superheat" explosion may occur. Pressures may build to dangerous levels if liquid gas contacts water in a closed container [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980].

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Trifluoromethane (FC-23) is a colorless, odorless gas, or liquefied gas. It is used as refrigerant, intermediate in organic synthesis, direct coolant for infrared detector cells, blowing agent for urethane foams, and component in etch gas for integrated circuits material. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Five normal healthy male volunteers were exposed to concentrations of FC-23 between 10% and 60% (randomly interleaved with exposures to both room air and 40% nitrous oxide) in a within-subjects, double-blind design. Analyses of individual cases and ranked group data showed that individuals tolerated the 30% concentration of FC-23. ANIMAL STUDIES: In cats, inhaled at 60%, trifluoromethane had no effect on cerebral blood flow, the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen, or oxyhemoglobin content. At 70%, trifluoromethane sensitized the cats' hearts to epinephrine, but to a much lesser degree than 40% chlorodifluoromethane, and produced only moderate changes in cerebral electrical activity as measured by the electroencephalogram. In other study, the acute cardiac and central nervous system effects of trifluoromethane were evaluated in eight anesthetized baboons. A dose-response effect was established for respiratory rate, electroencephalogram, and cardiac sinus rate, which exhibited a stepwise decrease from 10% trifluoromethane. No spontaneous arrhythmias were noted, and arterial blood pressure remained unchanged at any inspired level. Intravenous epinephrine infusions induced transient cardiac arrhythmia in 1 animal only at 70% (v/v) trifluoromethane. Trifluoromethane appears to induce mild dose-related physiological changes at inspired levels of 30% or more, indicative of an anesthetic effect. It significantly increased mutation rates in progeny of Drosophila over control levels.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

Confusion. Drowsiness.

ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE.

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Other Poison - Simple Asphyxiant

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasosupressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of cardiac irritability and fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Animal studies show FC-23 to be a promising magnetic resonance imaging indicator of regional cerebral blood flow. In a Phase 1, dose ranging (investigative new drug) study, neuropsychological (NP) tests, subjective ratings, and intensive physiological monitoring were used to determine the maximum tolerated concentration of FC-23 for human application. Five normal healthy male volunteers were exposed to concentrations of FC-23 between 10% and 60% [randomly interleaved with exposures to both room air and 40% nitrous oxide (N2O)] in a within-subjects, double-blind design. Analyses of individual cases and ranked group data showed that individuals tolerated the 30% concentration of FC-23 according to established criteria. Planned comparisons indicated that inhalation of FC-23 produced smaller NP changes and fewer negative symptoms than 40% N2O but poorer NP performance and more negative symptoms than room air. This study indicated that FC-23 is not inert and that humans do not tolerate concentrations suitable for current MRI technology.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging shows promise in the measurement of human cerebral blood flow (CBF) in that nonradioactive indicators may be used. Our earlier investigations with trifluoromethane (FC-23) gas have shown that this compound can be used to safely and effectively measure CBF in anesthetized animal models. In this Phase I dose-escalation study we set out to determine the maximal tolerated concentration (MTC) of FC-23 in normal healthy male volunteers and to assess its feasibility as an NMR indicator. Five subjects were exposed in a blinded fashion to escalating concentrations of FC-23 between 10% and 60%, randomly interleaved with exposures to both room air and 40% nitrous oxide. On each study day, the subjects breathed the test gas for eight pulses of 3 min each with 2-min clearance periods between the pulses. The subjects underwent intensive physiologic and neurobehavioral monitoring throughout the study period. The first subject experienced an anesthetic response to 60% FC-23, and the second subject experienced "discomfort" and requested discontinuation at the initiation of 40% FC-23. The MTC was subsequently determined to be 30% FC-23 (all subjects tolerated the gas), although a small (37.6 vs. 40.5) but statistically significant retention of carbon dioxide was found (p = .003). When one subject received 30% FC-23 during an NMR imaging study, a pronounced anesthetic effect with intolerable hyperacusis was demonstrated. Human studies of FC-23 have been discontinued in our laboratory.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Early ... human experience indicated that high vapor concn (eg, 20%) may cause confusion, pulmonary irritation, tremors & rarely coma, but that these effects were generally transient & without late sequelae. ... Cause of death /from abuse of fluorocarbons/ is in considerable doubt. Freezing of airway soft tissues can probably be eliminated as a cause of death except in cases where the product was sprayed directly into the mouth from its container or from a balloon containing some liquid. Laryngeal spasm or edema, oxygen displacement, or sensitization of myocardium to endogenous catecholamines with subsequent ventricular fibrillation appear to be reasonable possibilities. /Fluorocarbon refrigerants & propellants/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ We studied trifluoromethane as a potential gaseous indicator in nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of cerebral blood flow. We considered the effects of trifluoromethane on cerebral blood flow in 17 cats and on the electroencephalogram and electrocardiogram in nine cats and compared these with the effects of the more toxic compound chlorodifluoromethane in five cats. Inhaled at 60%, trifluoromethane had no effect on cerebral blood flow, the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen, or oxyhemoglobin content. At 70%, trifluoromethane sensitized the cats' hearts [SRP: CARDIAC SENSITIZATION] to epinephrine, but to a much lesser degree than 40% chlorodifluoromethane, and produced only moderate changes in cerebral electrical activity as measured by the electroencephalogram. We found trifluoromethane to be suitable for use in animals, but its toxicity needs to be studied further before it can be used in humans for the measurement of cerebral blood flow.

/GENOTOXICITY/ Freon C-318, Perfluorobutene-2, Genetron-23 & Genetron-152a were admin to research stocks of Drosophila melanogaster to determine if each gas would be mutagenic under exptl conditions. The fluorinated hydrocarbons significantly increased mutation rates in progeny of Drosophila over control levels. Genetron-23 is probably most mutagenic of the gases.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ The gaseous fluorocarbon trifluoromethane has recently been investigated for its potential as an in vivo gaseous indicator for nuclear magnetic resonance studies of brain perfusion. Trifluoromethane may also have significant value as a replacement for chlorofluorocarbon fire retardants. Because of possible species-specific cardiotoxic and anesthetic properties, the toxicological evaluation of trifluoromethane in primates (Papio anubis) is necessary prior to its evaluation in humans. We report the acute cardiac and central nervous system effects of trifluoromethane in eight anesthetized baboons. A dose-response effect was established for respiratory rate, electroencephalogram, and cardiac sinus rate, which exhibited a stepwise decrease from 10% trifluoromethane. No spontaneous arrhythmias were noted, and arterial blood pressure remained unchanged at any inspired level. Intravenous epinephrine infusions (1 microgram/kg) induced transient cardiac arrhythmia in 1 animal only at 70% FC-23 (v/v) trifluoromethane. Trifluoromethane appears to induce mild dose-related physiological changes at inspired levels of 30% or more, indicative of an anesthetic effect. These data suggest that trifluoromethane may be safe to use in humans, without significant adverse acute effects, at an inspired level of 30%.

Trifluoromethane's production and use as a refrigerant, a chemical intermediate, a direct coolant for infrared detector cells and a blowing agent for urethane foams may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 35,300 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates trifluoromethane will exist solely as a gas in the atmosphere. Gas-phase trifluoromethane will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 140-160 years. This relatively slow half-life in the lower atmosphere suggests that some trifluoromethane may gradually diffuse into the stratosphere (estimated diffusion half-life of 20 years). Trifluoromethane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. Trifluoromethane has 20-, 100- and 500-year Global Warming Potentials of 8200-15,486, 9200-19,691 and 9900-15,547, respectively. The atmospheric life-time for trifluoromethane has been calculated to be 234-295 years. If released to soil, trifluoromethane is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 32. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 0.0952 atm-cu m/mole. Trifluoromethane will volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation in soil and water is not expected based on aerobic pure culture studies. If released into water, trifluoromethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.5 hours and 3.3 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 5.1 years and 190 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively, suggest that hydrolysis is not expected to be an important process. Occupational exposure to trifluoromethane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where trifluoromethane is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to trifluoromethane via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of contaminated drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing trifluoromethane. (SRC)

Trifluoromethane's production and use as a refrigerant, a chemical intermediate, a direct coolant for infrared detector cells and a blowing agent for urethane foams(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 32(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that trifluoromethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of trifluoromethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 0.0952 atm-cu m/mole(3). Trifluoromethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 35,300 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). Biodegradation in soil is not expected based on aerobic pure culture studies(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 32(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that trifluoromethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 0.0952 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.5 hours and 3.3 days, respectively(SRC). Estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 5.1 years and 190 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2), suggest that hydrolysis is not expected to be an important process(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of 0.64(6) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation in water is not expected based on aerobic pure culture studies(7).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), trifluoromethane, which has a vapor pressure of 35,300 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase trifluoromethane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 140-160 years(SRC), calculated from rate constants of 2.7X10-16 to 2.8X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3-5). Trifluoromethane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(6) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). This relatively slow half-life in the lower atmosphere suggests that some trifluoromethane may gradually diffuse into the stratosphere(SRC). The diffusion half-life for transport from the troposphere to the stratosphere is on the order of 20 years(7). Trifluoromethane has Global Warming Potentials of 8200-15,486 (20 Yr), 9200-19,691 (100 Yr) and 9900-15,547 (500 Yr(4, 8-11). The atmospheric life-time for trifluoromethane has been calculated to be 234-295 years(4, 8-11).

PURE CULTURE: Trifluoromethane was not biodegraded by Mycobacterium vaccae JOB5 in an aerobic degradation analysis; M. vaccae is a naturally occurring bacterium that has been shown to biodegrade chlorinated compounds(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of trifluoromethane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been reported as 2.7X10-16 to 2.8X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1-3). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 140-160 years at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(4). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 0.043 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(4); this corresponds to half-lives of 5.1 years and 190 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(4). Trifluoromethane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(5) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Global Warming Potentials (GWP) and atmospheric lifetimes (ALT) for trifluoromethane(1).[Table#5268]

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for trifluoromethane(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.64(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of trifluoromethane can be estimated to be 32(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that trifluoromethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for trifluoromethane is 0.0952 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that trifluoromethane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 2.5 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 3.3 days(SRC). Trifluoromethane's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Trifluoromethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 35,300 mm Hg(3).

GROUNDWATER: Trifluoromethane was identified, not quantified, in 408 groundwater samples from wells in New Jersey(1). Trifluoromethane has been detected in 29 of 949 groundwater samples from New Jersey at a maximum concentration of 3.5 ppb(2).

SURFACE WATER: Trifluoromethane was detected in 33 of 431 surface water samples in New Jersey with a maximum concentration of 2178.2 ppb(1).

Trifluoromethane has been detected in stack emissions effluent as a result of waste incineration(1). Trifluoromethane was detected in the effluent of feedstock/process emissions in The Netherlands in 1990 at a rate of 4797 kilo tons CO2 equivalents/year(2). Trifluoromethane emissions increased from 0.08 Gg/year to 15.4 Gg/year in China from 1980 to 2012(3).

Trifluoromethane is released into the atmosphere as a byproduct in the production of chlorodifluoromethane (a widely used chemical in refrigeration and air conditioning) and is used as a feedstock in pentafluoroethane production and fluoropolymer manufacture(1). Estimated release of trifluoromethane (Gg/year) in Asian countries is as follows(1):[Table#5269]

RURAL/REMOTE: Background trifluoromethane concentrations increased from 2 to 11 parts/trillion volume in 65 samples collected from 1978 to 1995 over Cape Grim, Tasmania(1).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 3 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the manufacturing, processing, or use of trifluoromethane in the United States is reported to be <10 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 529 workers (353 of these are female) were potentially exposed to trifluoromethane in the US(1). Occupational exposure to trifluoromethane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where trifluoromethane is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to trifluoromethane via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of contaminated drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing trifluoromethane(SRC).

Trifluoromethane's production and use as a refrigerant, a chemical intermediate, a direct coolant for infrared detector cells and a blowing agent for urethane foams may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 35,300 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates trifluoromethane will exist solely as a gas in the atmosphere. Gas-phase trifluoromethane will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 140-160 years. This relatively slow half-life in the lower atmosphere suggests that some trifluoromethane may gradually diffuse into the stratosphere (estimated diffusion half-life of 20 years). Trifluoromethane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. Trifluoromethane has 20-, 100- and 500-year Global Warming Potentials of 8200-15,486, 9200-19,691 and 9900-15,547, respectively. The atmospheric life-time for trifluoromethane has been calculated to be 234-295 years. If released to soil, trifluoromethane is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 32. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 0.0952 atm-cu m/mole. Trifluoromethane will volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation in soil and water is not expected based on aerobic pure culture studies. If released into water, trifluoromethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.5 hours and 3.3 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 5.1 years and 190 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively, suggest that hydrolysis is not expected to be an important process. Occupational exposure to trifluoromethane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where trifluoromethane is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to trifluoromethane via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of contaminated drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing trifluoromethane. (SRC)

Trifluoromethane's production and use as a refrigerant, a chemical intermediate, a direct coolant for infrared detector cells and a blowing agent for urethane foams(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 32(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that trifluoromethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of trifluoromethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 0.0952 atm-cu m/mole(3). Trifluoromethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 35,300 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). Biodegradation in soil is not expected based on aerobic pure culture studies(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 32(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that trifluoromethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 0.0952 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.5 hours and 3.3 days, respectively(SRC). Estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 5.1 years and 190 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2), suggest that hydrolysis is not expected to be an important process(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of 0.64(6) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation in water is not expected based on aerobic pure culture studies(7).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), trifluoromethane, which has a vapor pressure of 35,300 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase trifluoromethane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 140-160 years(SRC), calculated from rate constants of 2.7X10-16 to 2.8X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3-5). Trifluoromethane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(6) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). This relatively slow half-life in the lower atmosphere suggests that some trifluoromethane may gradually diffuse into the stratosphere(SRC). The diffusion half-life for transport from the troposphere to the stratosphere is on the order of 20 years(7). Trifluoromethane has Global Warming Potentials of 8200-15,486 (20 Yr), 9200-19,691 (100 Yr) and 9900-15,547 (500 Yr(4, 8-11). The atmospheric life-time for trifluoromethane has been calculated to be 234-295 years(4, 8-11).

PURE CULTURE: Trifluoromethane was not biodegraded by Mycobacterium vaccae JOB5 in an aerobic degradation analysis; M. vaccae is a naturally occurring bacterium that has been shown to biodegrade chlorinated compounds(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of trifluoromethane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been reported as 2.7X10-16 to 2.8X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1-3). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 140-160 years at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(4). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 0.043 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(4); this corresponds to half-lives of 5.1 years and 190 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(4). Trifluoromethane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(5) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Global Warming Potentials (GWP) and atmospheric lifetimes (ALT) for trifluoromethane(1).[Table#5268]

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for trifluoromethane(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.64(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of trifluoromethane can be estimated to be 32(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that trifluoromethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for trifluoromethane is 0.0952 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that trifluoromethane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 2.5 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 3.3 days(SRC). Trifluoromethane's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Trifluoromethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 35,300 mm Hg(3).

GROUNDWATER: Trifluoromethane was identified, not quantified, in 408 groundwater samples from wells in New Jersey(1). Trifluoromethane has been detected in 29 of 949 groundwater samples from New Jersey at a maximum concentration of 3.5 ppb(2).

SURFACE WATER: Trifluoromethane was detected in 33 of 431 surface water samples in New Jersey with a maximum concentration of 2178.2 ppb(1).

Trifluoromethane has been detected in stack emissions effluent as a result of waste incineration(1). Trifluoromethane was detected in the effluent of feedstock/process emissions in The Netherlands in 1990 at a rate of 4797 kilo tons CO2 equivalents/year(2). Trifluoromethane emissions increased from 0.08 Gg/year to 15.4 Gg/year in China from 1980 to 2012(3).

Trifluoromethane is released into the atmosphere as a byproduct in the production of chlorodifluoromethane (a widely used chemical in refrigeration and air conditioning) and is used as a feedstock in pentafluoroethane production and fluoropolymer manufacture(1). Estimated release of trifluoromethane (Gg/year) in Asian countries is as follows(1):[Table#5269]

RURAL/REMOTE: Background trifluoromethane concentrations increased from 2 to 11 parts/trillion volume in 65 samples collected from 1978 to 1995 over Cape Grim, Tasmania(1).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 3 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the manufacturing, processing, or use of trifluoromethane in the United States is reported to be <10 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 529 workers (353 of these are female) were potentially exposed to trifluoromethane in the US(1). Occupational exposure to trifluoromethane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where trifluoromethane is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to trifluoromethane via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of contaminated drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing trifluoromethane(SRC).

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

/GUIDE 120 GASES - INERT (Including Refrigerated Liquids)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-flammable gases. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. /Trifluoromethane, refrigerated liquid/

/GUIDE 120 GASES - INERT (Including Refrigerated Liquids)/ Health: Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. /Trifluoromethane, refrigerated liquid/

/GUIDE 120 GASES - INERT (Including Refrigerated Liquids)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Trifluoromethane, refrigerated liquid/

/GUIDE 120 GASES - INERT (Including Refrigerated Liquids)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. Always wear thermal protective clothing when handling refrigerated/cryogenic liquids or solids. /Trifluoromethane, refrigerated liquid/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for TRIFLUOROMETHANE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1984; Trifluoromethane or Refrigerant Gas R 23

UN 3136; Trifluoromethane, refrigerated liquid

IMO 2.2; Trifluoromethane (Refrigerant Gas R 23); Trifluoromethane, refrigerated liquid

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Trifluoromethane and trifluoromethane, refrigerated liquid are included on the dangerous goods list.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Trifluoromethane and trifluoromethane, refrigerated liquid are included on the dangerous goods list.

Non-Flammable Gas

Special insulated cylinder.

UN Hazard Class: 2.2