dibromodifluoromethane

H420 (100%): Harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere [Warning Hazardous to the ozone layer]

P502</a, and a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ghs/#P502">P502 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 39 reports by companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P260, P264, P270, P308+P316, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Difluorodibromomethane:

Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: WATER FLUSH IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Water flush immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:

CAUTION: Fire involving Safety devices (UN3268) and Fire suppressant dispersing devices (UN3559) may have a delayed activation and a risk of hazardous projectiles. Extinguish the fire at a safe distance.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. Do not scatter spilled material with high-pressure water streams. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent dust cloud.

· For Asbestos, avoid inhalation of dust. Cover spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading. Do not clean up or dispose of, except under supervision of a specialist.

Small Dry Spill

· With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.

Small Spill

· Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Ventilation. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SUFFICIENT EXHAUST & GENERAL VENTILATION SHOULD BE PROVIDED ... EXCESS SKIN CONTACT WITH LIQ FLUOROCARBONS SHOULD BE MINIMIZED TO PREVENT DEFATTING OF SKIN & POSSIBLE SKIN ABSORPTION. /FLUOROCARBONS/

If this chemical gets into the eyes, irrigate immediately. If this chemical contacts the skin, flush with water immediately. ... Remove nonimpervious clothing promptly if wet or contaminated.

FILLING AREAS SHOULD BE MONITORED TO ENSURE THAT THE AMBIENT CONCN OF FLUOROCARBONS DOES NOT EXCEED 1000 PPM ... INHALATION OF FLUOROCARBON VAPORS SHOULD BE AVOIDED ... /FLUOROCARBONS/

APPEARANCE OF TOXIC DECOMP PRODUCTS SERVES AS WARNING OF OCCURRENCE OF THERMAL DECOMP & DETECTION OF SHARP ACRID ODOR WARNS OF PRESENCE ... HALIDE LAMPS OR ELECTRONIC LEAK DETECTORS MAY ALSO BE USED. ADEQUATE VENTILATION ALSO AVOIDS PROBLEM OF TOXIC DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS. /FLUOROCARBONS/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for DIBROMODIFLUOROMETHANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:

Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent dust cloud. For Asbestos, avoid inhalation of dust. Cover spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading. Do not clean up or dispose of, except under supervision of a specialist.

SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.

SMALL SPILL: Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2024)

See Chemical Dangers.

IN GENERAL, MATERIALS WHICH ARE TOXIC AS STORED OR WHICH CAN DECOMP INTO TOXIC COMPONENTS ... SHOULD BE STORED IN A COOL, WELL-VENTILATED PLACE, OUT OF DIRECT RAYS OF THE SUN, AWAY FROM AREAS OF HIGH FIRE HAZARD, & SHOULD BE PERIODICALLY INSPECTED ... INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS SHOULD BE ISOLATED FROM EACH OTHER.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

100 ppm (860 mg/m³)

TWA 100 ppm (860 mg/m3)

100.0 [ppm]

2000 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

2000.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Other animal data: It has been reported that 4,000 ppm for 15 minutes caused significant pulmonary damage in rats [Chambers et al. 1950]. Fatalities were noted in rats after exposures of to 2,300 ppm for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week for 7 weeks [Comstock et al. 1953]. \\ Human data: None relevant for use in determining the revised IDLH.

2000 ppm

See: 75616

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 100 ppm

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

100 ppm as TWA

100 ppm [1962]

CAUTION: Fire involving Safety devices (UN3268) and Fire suppressant dispersing devices (UN3559) may have a delayed activation and a risk of hazardous projectiles. Extinguish the fire at a safe distance.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam.

· Do not scatter spilled material with high-pressure water streams.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

Australia: 100 ppm (1990); Federal Republic of Germany: 100 ppm, short-term level 200 ppm, 30 min, 4 times per shift (1990); United Kingdom: 100 ppm, 10-min STEL 150 ppm (1991).

A harmful concentration of this gas in the air will be reached very quickly on loss of containment.

The substance is irritating to the respiratory tract. Inhalation of high levels may cause lung oedema. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. Exposure could cause lowering of consciousness.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Difluorodibromomethane:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for washing the substance from the skin (either immediately or at the end of the work shift).

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift. (NIOSH, 2024)

Wear appropriate clothing to prevent repeated or prolonged skin contact. Wear eye protection to prevent any reasonable probability of eye contact.

Wear rubber gloves ... coveralls.

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for DIBROMODIFLUOROMETHANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Dibromodifluoromethane is a colorless, nonflammable liquid. It may cause illness from ingestion and may be irritating to skin. If exposed to high temperatures it may emit toxic fumes. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. Since it is a liquid it can easily penetrate the soil and contaminate groundwater and nearby streams. It is used as a fire extinguishing agent.

Colorless, heavy liquid or gas (above 76 degrees F) with a characteristic odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS GAS OR LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless, heavy liquid or gas (above 76 °F) with a characteristic odor.

Colorless heavy liq

COLORLESS GAS

Colorless, heavy liquid or gas (above 76 degrees F).

Characteristic odor

76 °F at 760 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)

25 °C @ 760 mm Hg

-231 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

-110.1 °C

-101.1 °C

Insoluble (NIOSH, 2024)

Sol in ether, acetone, benzene, and water.

Sol in methanol; insol in water

Solubility in water: none

Insoluble

2.29 at 59 °F (NIOSH, 2024) - Denser than water; will sink

2.3063 g/cu cm @ 15 °C

Density (gas): 8.7 kg/m³

2.29 at 59 °

(59 °F): 2.29

7.2 (AIR= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 7.2

620 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)

820.0 [mmHg]

820 mm Hg @ 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 83

620 mmHg

WHEN HEATED TO DECOMPOSITION, IT EMITS VERY TOXIC FUMES OF /HYDROGEN BROMIDE AND HYDROGEN FLUORIDE./

3.317X10+7 J/kmol @ -110 °C

3.976X10-2 N/m @ -110 °C

11.07 eV

Index of refraction: 1.399 @ 12 °C

1 MG/L EQUIV TO 116.5 PPM & 1 PPM EQUIV TO 8.58 MG/CU M @ 25 °C, 760 MM HG

Ionization potential 11.07 eV

Absorbance

Boiling point

Diamagnetic susceptibility

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Fluorinated Organic Compounds

DIBROMODIFLUOROMETHANE is incompatible with the following: Chemically-active metals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, powdered aluminum, zinc & magnesium (NIOSH, 2024).

Chemically active metals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, powdered aluminum, zinc, magnesium

Decomposition vapors obtained from contact of difluorodibromomethane with iron at 800 °C produced the acute toxicity at a concentration of 1870 ppm.

Chemically-active metals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, powdered aluminum, zinc & magnesium

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Sore throat. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Confusion. Drowsiness. Unconsciousness.

In Animals: irritation respiratory system; central nervous system symptoms; liver damage

respiratory system, central nervous system, liver

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LC50 (mice) = 140,000 mg/m3/2H

IF INHALATION OCCURS, EPINEPHRINE OR OTHER SYMPATHOMIMETIC AMINES & ADRENERGIC ACTIVATORS SHOULD NOT BE ADMIN SINCE THEY WILL FURTHER SENSITIZE HEART TO DEVELOPMENT OF ARRHYTHMIAS. /FLUOROCARBONS/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations as needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Minimize physical activity and provide a quiet atmosphere. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... Do not use emetics. Rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... Treat frostbite with rapid rewarming techniques ... /Chlorinated Fluorocarbons (CFCs) and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... /Chlorinated fluorocarbons (CFCs) and related compounds/

Consider the points of attack /skin, respiratory system/ in preplacement and periodic physical examinations.

EARLY ... HUMAN EXPERIENCE INDICATED THAT HIGH VAPOR CONCN (EG, 20%) MAY CAUSE CONFUSION, PULMONARY IRRITATION, TREMORS & RARELY COMA, BUT THAT THESE EFFECTS WERE GENERALLY TRANSIENT & WITHOUT LATE SEQUELAE. ... CAUSE OF DEATH /FROM ABUSE OF FLUOROCARBONS/ IS IN CONSIDERABLE DOUBT. FREEZING OF AIRWAY SOFT TISSUES CAN PROBABLY BE ELIMINATED AS A CAUSE OF DEATH EXCEPT IN CASES WHERE THE PRODUCT WAS SPRAYED DIRECTLY INTO THE MOUTH FROM ITS CONTAINER OR FROM A BALLOON CONTAINING SOME LIQUID. LARYNGEAL SPASM OR EDEMA, OXYGEN DISPLACEMENT, OR SENSITIZATION OF MYOCARDIUM TO ENDOGENOUS CATECHOLAMINES WITH SUBSEQUENT VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION APPEAR TO BE REASONABLE POSSIBILITIES. /FLUOROCARBONS/

A SPECIAL CLASS OF CHEMICALS SUBJECT TO ABUSE BY INHALATION ARE THE FLUOROHYDROCARBONS ... THE "SNIFFING" OF SUCH AEROSOL SPRAYS IS HAZARDOUS PRACTICE. ... 110 "SUDDEN SNIFFING DEATHS" /HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED/ ... IN EACH CASE THE VICTIM SPRAYED THE AEROSOL INTO A PLASTIC BAG, INHALED THE CONTENTS, BECAME EXCITED, RAN 90 M OR SO, COLLAPSED, & DIED. NECROPSY FINDINGS WERE LARGELY NEGATIVE ... ALTHOUGH AMOUNT OF PROPELLANT ABSORBED INTO BLOOD FROM USE OF HAIRSPRAY, COSMETIC, HOUSEHOLD, & MEDICATED AEROSOLS MUST VARY WITH CIRCUMSTANCES, PHYSICIAN IS ADVISED TO COUNSEL ... PATIENT ON POTENTIAL DANGERS, PARTICULARLY FROM THEIR USE IN POORLY VENTILATED CONFINED AREAS. IT IS POSSIBLE THAT PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC OR RESPIRATORY DISORDERS MAY PROVE ESPECIALLY SUSCEPTIBLE. /FLUOROHYDROCARBONS/

Fluorocarbons containing bromine ... are more toxic than the corresponding chloro compounds. /Fluorocarbons/

MANUFACTURING PROCESSES USE HYDROFLUORIC ACID FROM FLUOROSPAR IN PRODUCTION OF ALL FLUOROCARBONS. SOME PROCESSES USE CARBON TETRACHLORIDE FROM CARBON DISULFIDE, OR AS CO-PRODUCT OF PERCHLOROETHYLENE & CHLORINATION OF PROPYLENE, OR CHLOROFORM FROM CHLORINATION OF METHANOL. THE MAJOR HAZARDS RELATE PRIMARILY TO THE INADVERTENT RELEASE OF HYDROFLUORIC ACID OR CARBON TETRACHLORIDE, RATHER THAN TO THE MANUFACTURED FLUOROCARBONS. /FLUOROCARBONS/

FLUOROCARBON VAPORS ARE FOUR TO FIVE TIMES HEAVIER THAN AIR. THUS HIGH CONCN TEND TO ACCUMULATE IN LOW-LYING AREAS, RESULTING IN HAZARD OF INHALATION OF CONCENTRATED VAPORS, WHICH MAY BE FATAL. ... THE HIGHEST EXPOSURE IN THE PLANT OCCURS WITH VENTING OF GASES FROM RETURNABLE CYLINDERS. /FLUOROCARBONS/

... RATS & DOGS /WERE EXPOSED/ DAILY FOR 6 WK @ CONCN OF ABOUT 2300 PPM DIFLUORODIBROMOMETHANE. MORE THAN HALF THE RATS DIED; THE DOGS SHOWED RAPID & PROGRESSIVE SIGNS OF INTOXICATION WITH WEAKNESS & LOSS OF BALANCE AFTER A FEW DAYS OF EXPOSURE. AUTOPSY FINDINGS WERE DIFFUSE, PASSIVE, PULMONARY CONGESTION; SOME LIVER DAMAGE; & EVIDENCE OF DAMAGE OF CNS.

SINGLE ACUTE EXPOSURES @ 4000 PPM FOR 15 MIN PRODUCED SIGNIFICANT PULMONARY DAMAGE, IRRITATION, & EDEMA /IN RATS/.

DAILY CONCN OF 350 PPM WERE TOLERATED BY RATS & DOGS FOR AS LONG AS 7 MO WITHOUT SIGNS OF INTOXICATION.

EARLY ANIMAL ... EXPERIENCE INDICATED THAT HIGH VAPOR CONCN (EG, 20%) MAY CAUSE CONFUSION, PULMONARY IRRITATION, TREMORS & RARELY COMA, BUT THAT THESE EFFECTS WERE GENERALLY TRANSIENT & WITHOUT LATE SEQUELAE. /FLUOROCARBON REFRIGERANTS & PROPELLANTS/

Decomposition vapors obtained from contact of difluorodibromomethane with iron at 800 °C produced the acute toxicity at a concentration of 1870 ppm.

Dibromodifluoromethane (CBr2F2, CAS # 75-61-6) was evaluated for behavioral changes associated with acute inhalation toxicity in 4 male cats individually exposed in an airtight Plexiglas cages to slowly increasing atmospheric concentrations (in air) approaching 3 vol%. Evaporated from a thermostated vessel, CBr2F2 was mixed immediately with the main air supply (gas density of 1.90 gm/cm3), the ambient atmospheric content controlled by floating-body gauges and monitored by gas densitometer at the exhaust end of the experimental chamber. Treatment in 2 cats each of 99.4 and 96.4 vol% samples was associated with clinical signs of increasing gravity with increasing atmospheric concentrations, including enlarged pupils and blinking eyelids, arched back, head shaking, raised fur, tremor, slight to extreme restlessness, static gait, optisthotonus, gasping, salivation, prostration and marked ataxia, tonic convulsions, and clonic convulsions. The symptoms, their time to onset and the associated atmospheric levels of CBr2F2 were largely consistent between individual cats and samples, with behavioral changes and narcosis first noted at approximately 0.5% v/v (10 minutes) and convulsions at 2.2-2.7 v/v (44-57 minutes). The time to near recovery, generally defined by the authors by the cat's return to its feet, ranged from 2.5 to 10 minutes after termination of the exposures, although ataxia persisted (duration unspecified) in all animals.

IT IS POSSIBLE THAT PT WITH CARDIAC OR RESP DISORDERS MAY PROVE ESP SUSCEPTIBLE. /FLUOROCARBONS/

Avoid release to the environment because of its impact on the ozone layer.

Although dibromodifluoromethane is no longer produced in the United States, it may still be used in fire extinguishers which may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 820 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates dibromodifluoromethane will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dibromodifluoromethane will be degraded slowly in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be greater than 44 years. Dibromodifluoromethane absorbs very little UV radiation above 290 nm and is not expected to photolyze at a significant rate in the ambient atmosphere. If released to soil, dibromodifluoromethane is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 49. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.03 atm-cu m/mole. Volatilization of dibromodifluoromethane from dry soil surfaces is expected to occur rapidly based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, dibromodifluoromethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.5 hrs and 5.7 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 6.9 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Based upon the highly halogenated structure of dibromodifluoromethane, biodegradation is expected to be slow. Although there is no experimental evidence of dibromodifluoromethane hydrolyzing in the ambient environment, similarly structured organic halide compounds are known to hydrolyze at an extremely slow rate (half-lives > 100 years). Occupational exposure to dibromodifluoromethane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where dibromodifluoromethane is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to dibromodifluoromethane via inhalation of ambient air and from fire extinguisher products containing dibromodifluoromethane. Dibromodifluoromethane is widely detected in the atmosphere due to its long-term stability. (SRC)

This and other freons are used occasionally to trace the plume of major power plants and, thus, may occur in urban air from this activity.

Dibromodifluoromethane's production and use in fire extinguishers(1,2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). However, the production of dibromodifluoromethane (Halon 1202) has to be stopped in accordance with the Montreal Protocol of 1987 as it plays an important role in the destruction of the earth's ozone layer(3). The Montreal Protocol stipulates that the production and consumption of compounds that deplete ozone in the stratosphere, including halons, are to be phased out by 2000(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 49(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that dibromodifluoromethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of dibromodifluoromethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.03 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Volatilization of dibromodifluoromethane from dry soil surfaces is expected to occur rapidly(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 820 mm Hg(4). Based upon the highly halogenated structure of dibromodifluoromethane, biodegradation is expected to be slow(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 49(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that dibromodifluoromethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.03 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.5 hrs and 5.7 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 6.9(SRC), from an estimated log Kow(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Based upon the highly halogenated structure of dibromodifluoromethane, biodegradation is expected to be slow(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dibromodifluoromethane, which has a vapor pressure of 820 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely in the vapor-phase in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dibromodifluoromethane is slowly degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be greater than 44 years(3), based on its rate constant of <5.0X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(4). Dibromodifluoromethane absorbs very little UV radiation above 290 nm and is not expected to photolyze at an environmentally important rate in the ambient atmosphere(5). Based on dibromodifluoromethane's long residence time in the atmosphere, it will diffuse gradually into the upper limits of the troposphere, and eventually into the stratosphere above the ozone layer where it will contribute to ozone depletion(6).

Based upon the highly halogenated structure of dibromodifluoromethane, biodegradation is expected to be slow(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of dibromodifluoromethane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is <5.0X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life greater than 44 years(SRC) at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Although there is no experimental evidence of dibromodifluoromethane hydrolyzing in the ambient environment, similarly structured organic halide compounds are known to hydrolyze at an extremely slow rate (half-lives > 100 years)(2). Dibromodifluoromethane has two max UV absorbances; one at 188.5 and 226.3 nm(3). Dibromodifluoromethane absorbs very little UV radiation above 290 nm and is not expected to photolyze at a significant rate in the ambient atmosphere(3).

An estimated BCF of 6.9 was calculated for dibromodifluoromethane(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 2.0(1,SRC) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for dibromodifluoromethane can be estimated to be about 49(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that dibromodifluoromethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for dibromodifluoromethane is estimated as 0.03 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that dibromodifluoromethane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 1.5 hrs(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5.7 days(SRC). Dibromodifluoromethane's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Volatilization of dibromodifluoromethane from dry soil surfaces is expected to occur rapidly(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 820 mm Hg(3).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Numerous air samples taken from four separate landfills located in New Jersey contained detectable levels of dibromodifluoromethane(1). At one landfill, dibromodifluoromethane was detected 85% of the time while at the other three landfills it was detected 65% of the time (concentrations not specified)(1). A study of the types and levels of brominated compounds released into the atmosphere by chemical manufacturers in the state of Arkansas revealed detectable levels of dibromodifluoromethane over a two year period(2). Many of the chemicals studied were detected off plant property suggesting transport into neighboring environments was occurring(2).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 28 workers (0 of these are female) are potentially exposed to dibromodifluoromethane in the US(1). However, production of dibromodifluoromethane has since been banned in the United States, hence occupational exposure will only occur in the use of fire extinguishers(2) with dibromodifluoromethane as an ingredient(SRC). The general population may be exposed to dibromodifluoromethane via inhalation of ambient air(3,4) and from fire extinguisher products(2,5) containing dibromodifluoromethane. Due to its ozone depleting potential in the stratosphere, its use is decreasing(6).

Avoid release to the environment because of its impact on the ozone layer.

Although dibromodifluoromethane is no longer produced in the United States, it may still be used in fire extinguishers which may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 820 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates dibromodifluoromethane will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dibromodifluoromethane will be degraded slowly in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be greater than 44 years. Dibromodifluoromethane absorbs very little UV radiation above 290 nm and is not expected to photolyze at a significant rate in the ambient atmosphere. If released to soil, dibromodifluoromethane is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 49. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.03 atm-cu m/mole. Volatilization of dibromodifluoromethane from dry soil surfaces is expected to occur rapidly based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, dibromodifluoromethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.5 hrs and 5.7 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 6.9 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Based upon the highly halogenated structure of dibromodifluoromethane, biodegradation is expected to be slow. Although there is no experimental evidence of dibromodifluoromethane hydrolyzing in the ambient environment, similarly structured organic halide compounds are known to hydrolyze at an extremely slow rate (half-lives > 100 years). Occupational exposure to dibromodifluoromethane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where dibromodifluoromethane is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to dibromodifluoromethane via inhalation of ambient air and from fire extinguisher products containing dibromodifluoromethane. Dibromodifluoromethane is widely detected in the atmosphere due to its long-term stability. (SRC)

This and other freons are used occasionally to trace the plume of major power plants and, thus, may occur in urban air from this activity.

Dibromodifluoromethane's production and use in fire extinguishers(1,2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). However, the production of dibromodifluoromethane (Halon 1202) has to be stopped in accordance with the Montreal Protocol of 1987 as it plays an important role in the destruction of the earth's ozone layer(3). The Montreal Protocol stipulates that the production and consumption of compounds that deplete ozone in the stratosphere, including halons, are to be phased out by 2000(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 49(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that dibromodifluoromethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of dibromodifluoromethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.03 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Volatilization of dibromodifluoromethane from dry soil surfaces is expected to occur rapidly(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 820 mm Hg(4). Based upon the highly halogenated structure of dibromodifluoromethane, biodegradation is expected to be slow(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 49(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that dibromodifluoromethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.03 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.5 hrs and 5.7 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 6.9(SRC), from an estimated log Kow(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Based upon the highly halogenated structure of dibromodifluoromethane, biodegradation is expected to be slow(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dibromodifluoromethane, which has a vapor pressure of 820 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely in the vapor-phase in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dibromodifluoromethane is slowly degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be greater than 44 years(3), based on its rate constant of <5.0X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(4). Dibromodifluoromethane absorbs very little UV radiation above 290 nm and is not expected to photolyze at an environmentally important rate in the ambient atmosphere(5). Based on dibromodifluoromethane's long residence time in the atmosphere, it will diffuse gradually into the upper limits of the troposphere, and eventually into the stratosphere above the ozone layer where it will contribute to ozone depletion(6).

Based upon the highly halogenated structure of dibromodifluoromethane, biodegradation is expected to be slow(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of dibromodifluoromethane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is <5.0X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life greater than 44 years(SRC) at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Although there is no experimental evidence of dibromodifluoromethane hydrolyzing in the ambient environment, similarly structured organic halide compounds are known to hydrolyze at an extremely slow rate (half-lives > 100 years)(2). Dibromodifluoromethane has two max UV absorbances; one at 188.5 and 226.3 nm(3). Dibromodifluoromethane absorbs very little UV radiation above 290 nm and is not expected to photolyze at a significant rate in the ambient atmosphere(3).

An estimated BCF of 6.9 was calculated for dibromodifluoromethane(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 2.0(1,SRC) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for dibromodifluoromethane can be estimated to be about 49(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that dibromodifluoromethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for dibromodifluoromethane is estimated as 0.03 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that dibromodifluoromethane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 1.5 hrs(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5.7 days(SRC). Dibromodifluoromethane's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Volatilization of dibromodifluoromethane from dry soil surfaces is expected to occur rapidly(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 820 mm Hg(3).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Numerous air samples taken from four separate landfills located in New Jersey contained detectable levels of dibromodifluoromethane(1). At one landfill, dibromodifluoromethane was detected 85% of the time while at the other three landfills it was detected 65% of the time (concentrations not specified)(1). A study of the types and levels of brominated compounds released into the atmosphere by chemical manufacturers in the state of Arkansas revealed detectable levels of dibromodifluoromethane over a two year period(2). Many of the chemicals studied were detected off plant property suggesting transport into neighboring environments was occurring(2).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 28 workers (0 of these are female) are potentially exposed to dibromodifluoromethane in the US(1). However, production of dibromodifluoromethane has since been banned in the United States, hence occupational exposure will only occur in the use of fire extinguishers(2) with dibromodifluoromethane as an ingredient(SRC). The general population may be exposed to dibromodifluoromethane via inhalation of ambient air(3,4) and from fire extinguisher products(2,5) containing dibromodifluoromethane. Due to its ozone depleting potential in the stratosphere, its use is decreasing(6).

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

/GUIDE 171: SUBSTANCES (Low to Moderate Hazard)/ Fire or Explosion: Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Some may be transported hot.

/GUIDE 171: SUBSTANCES (Low to Moderate Hazard)/ Health: Inhalation of material may be harmful. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Inhalation of Asbestos dust may have a damaging effect on the lungs. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Some liquids produce vapors that may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 171: SUBSTANCES (Low to Moderate Hazard)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind.

/GUIDE 171: SUBSTANCES (Low to Moderate Hazard)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for DIBROMODIFLUOROMETHANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1941; Dibromodifluoromethane

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

UN Hazard Class: 9; UN Pack Group: III