tert-Butanol

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264+P265, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P319, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (1 of 3040) of reports.

H225 (> 99.9%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H319 (99.8%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332 (> 99.9%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (99.6%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 3040 reports by companies from 42 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 3040 reports by companies.

There are 41 notifications provided by 3039 of 3040 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

P203, P280, P318, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H228: Flammable solid [Danger Flammable solids]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

P203, P210, P240, P241, P261, P264+P265, P271, P280, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P318, P319, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P203, P261, P264+P265, P271, P280, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P318, P319, P337+P317, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H303: May be harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P318, P319, P332+P317, P337+P317, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264+P265, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P317, P319, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Volatile chemicals have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Water flush promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, flush the contaminated skin with water promptly. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water promptly. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Fire Extinguishing Agents Not to Be Used: Water may be ineffective on fire

Fire Extinguishing Agents: Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or alcohol foam. (USCG, 1999)

Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Flash back possible over considerable distance.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

In case of fire: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

Flammable in the presence of a source of ignition when the temperature is above the flash point. Keep away from heat/sparks/open flame/hot surface. No smoking.

Flashback along vapor trail may occur.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Remove all ignition sources. Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

Personal precautions: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

1. Absorbing in vermiculite, dry sand, earth or similar material & disposing in secured sanitary landfill. 2. Atomizing in suitable combustion chamber.

/t-Butyl alcohol/ is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. /Butanols, from table/

Incineration & landfill: Incinerate waste by atomizing into a suitable combustion chamber. Bury absorbed waste in an approved landfill.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible, when such controls are in the process of being installed, or when they fail and need to be supplemented. Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels, and in emergency situations. ... Clothing wet with liquid tert-butyl alcohol should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of tert-butyl alcohol from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the tert-butyl alcohol, the person performing the operation should be informed of tert-butyl alcohol's hazardous properties. Any clothing which becomes wet with liquid tert-butyl alcohol should be removed immediately and not reworn until the tert-butyl alcohol is removed from the clothing.

Skin that becomes wet with liquid tert-butyl alcohol should be promptly washed or showered to remove any of the material.

Employees who handle liquid isobutyl alcohol should wash their hands before eating or smoking. /Isobutyl alcohol/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for T-BUTYL ALCOHOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Seal the absorbent paper, as well as any of your clothing which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash any surfaces you may have contaminated with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical in an explosion-proof refrigerator and keep it away from oxidizing materials. STORE AWAY FROM SOURCES OF IGNITION. (NTP, 1992)

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants and strong acids.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

20.0 [ppm]

150 [ppm]

1300 [ppm]

8000 [ppm]

100 ppm (300 mg/m³)

150 ppm (450 mg/m³)

TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) ST 150 ppm (450 mg/m3)

100.0 [ppm]

TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) See Appendix G

1600 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

1600.0 [ppm]

1600 ppm

See: 75650

8 hr Time-weighted avg (TWA): 100 ppm.

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

100 ppm as TWA; A4 (not classifiable as a human carcinogen).

Australia: 100 ppm, STEL 150 ppm; Federal Republic of Germany: 100 ppm, short-term level 200 ppm, 30 min, 4 times per shift; Sweden: 50 ppm, short-term value 75 ppm, 15 min, skin; United Kingdom: 100 ppm, 10 min STEL 150 ppm.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. Exposure far above the OEL could cause lowering of consciousness.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for tert-Butyl alcohol:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET (FLAMMABLE) - Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard (i.e., for liquids with a flash point <100 °F).

Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift. (NIOSH, 2024)

If the use of respirators is necessary, the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. ... Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing, gloves, face shields (eight inch minimum), and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent repeated or prolonged skin contact with liquid tert-butyl alcohol. ... Employees should be provided with and required to use splash proof safety goggles where liquid tert-butyl alcohol may contact the eyes.

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Respirator Recommendations: Up to 1600 ppm:[Table#89]

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for T-BUTYL ALCOHOL (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

NIOSH/OSHA

Up to 1600 ppm:

(APF = 25) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode

(APF = 25) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s)

(APF = 50) Any chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and organic vapor cartridge(s)

(APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister

(APF = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece

(APF = 50) Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece

Tert-butyl alcohol is a colorless oily liquid with a sharp alcohol odor. Floats and mixes with water. Produces irritating vapor. Freezing point is 78 °F. (USCG, 1999)

Liquid; Other Solid; Wet Solid

Colorless solid or liquid (above 78 degrees F) with a camphor-like odor; Note: Often used in aqueous solutions; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID OR CRYSTALLINE POWDER WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless solid or liquid (above 77 °F) with a camphor-like odor.

Colorless solid or liquid (above 77 °F) with a camphor-like odor. [Note: Often used in aqueous solutions.]

A colorless liquid, which forms rhombic crystals melting at 25 to 25.5 °C

Colorless liquid or rhombic prisms or plates

Crystals

Colorless liquid or solid (above 77 °F) [Note: Often used in aqueous solutions].

Camphor-like odor

180 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

82.40 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

82.8 °C @760 [mm Hg]

77.9 °F (NTP, 1992)

25.81 °C

52 °F (NTP, 1992)

52 °F (11 °C) (Closed cup)

11 °C c.c.

greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 70 °F (NTP, 1992)

In water, 1X10+6 mg/L at 25 °C /Miscible/

Miscible with ethanol, ethyl ether; soluble in chloroform

1000 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility in water: miscible

Miscible

0.78 at 78.8 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.7886 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.8

0.78 at 78.8 °F

0.781 @25 °C

0.79 (Solid)

2.55 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

2.55 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.6

31 mmHg at 68 °F ; 42 mmHg at 77 °F; 56 mmHg at 86 °F (NTP, 1992)

40.7 [mmHg]

40.7 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 4.1

42 mmHg at 77 °F

40 [mm Hg] @24.5 °C

Highly flammable. Water soluble.

Alcohols and Polyols

Highly Flammable

CSL00174

t-Butyl alcohol + Hydrazoic acid

Reaction resulted in an explosion and fire

Explosive,Flammable

Not Available

User Reported

04/22/2022

04/21/2022

Attacks plastics. [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 236]. Acetyl bromide reacts violently with alcohols or water [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. Mixtures of alcohols with concentrated sulfuric acid and strong hydrogen peroxide can cause explosions. Example: an explosion will occur if dimethylbenzylcarbinol is added to 90% hydrogen peroxide then acidified with concentrated sulfuric acid. Mixtures of ethyl alcohol with concentrated hydrogen peroxide form powerful explosives. Mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and 1-phenyl-2-methyl propyl alcohol tend to explode if acidified with 70% sulfuric acid [Chem. Eng. News 45(43):73 1967; J, Org. Chem. 28:1893 1963]. Alkyl hypochlorites are violently explosive. They are readily obtained by reacting hypochlorous acid and alcohols either in aqueous solution or mixed aqueous-carbon tetrachloride solutions. Chlorine plus alcohols would similarly yield alkyl hypochlorites. They decompose in the cold and explode on exposure to sunlight or heat. Tertiary hypochlorites are less unstable than secondary or primary hypochlorites [NFPA 491 M 1991]. Base-catalysed reactions of isocyanates with alcohols should be carried out in inert solvents. Such reactions in the absence of solvents often occur with explosive violence [Wischmeyer 1969].

Incompatible with oxidizing materials, H2O2.

The preparation of di tertiary butyl peroxide by addn of tertiary butyl alcohol to mixture of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid (2 to 1 wt ratio of 78% sulfuric acid to 50% hydrogen peroxide) has resulted in severe explosions particularly during early stages of large batches.

Contact of a potassium sodium alloy with tert-butanol caused ignition.

Strong mineral acids can cause decomposition to flammable isobutylene gas.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for T-BUTYL ALCOHOL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Strong mineral acids, strong hydrochloric acid, oxidizers

Safe in the present practices of use and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and use information are available in documents discoverable at https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org

tert-Butyl Alcohol (tBA)

Endocrine

tert-butyl alcohol

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

Male rat-specific kidney tumors can occur after exposures to a structurally diverse group of substances or their metabolites. This arises from binding to α2u, a low-molecular-weight protein. Examples of these substances include 1,4-dichlorobenzene (and -2,5-dichlorophenol, its metabolite), d-limonene (and d-limonene 2-5-oxide, its metabolite), methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, (and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentanol, its metabolite), tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA), ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE) (and TBA, its metabolite), and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) (and TBA, its metabolite). They induce α2u-globulin nephropathy, a mode of action (MoA) noted in a series of studies and publications over recent decades as not being relevant in humans. The nephropathy can lead to kidney tumor formation in male rats.

tert-Butyl alcohol

Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans

Volume 138

In prep.

Tert-Butyl Alcohol

TR-436: Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of t-Butyl Alcohol (CASRN 75-65-0) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Drinking Water Studies) (1995 )

06/21/94

Some Evidence

No Evidence

Equivocal Evidence

Under the conditions of these 2-year drinking water studies, there was some evidence of carcinogenic activity of t -butyl alcohol in male F344/N rats based on increased incidences of renal tubule adenoma or carcinoma (combined). There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity in female F344/N rats receiving 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/mL t -butyl alcohol. There was equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity of t -butyl alcohol in male B6C3F1 mice based on the marginally increased incidences of follicular cell adenoma or carcinoma (combined) of the thyroid gland. There was some evidence of carcinogenic activity of t -butyl alcohol in female B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of follicular cell adenoma of the thyroid gland.

Exposure to t -butyl alcohol was associated with mineralization and renal tubule hyperplasia in male rats, transitional epithelial hyperplasia and increased severity of nephropathy of the kidney in male and female rats, follicular cell hyperplasia of the thyroid gland in male and female mice, and chronic inflammation and hyperplasia of the urinary bladder in male mice and to a lesser extent in female mice.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Dizziness. Drowsiness. Nausea. Headache. Vomiting.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

See Inhalation.

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat; drowsiness, narcosis

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

IRIS Current

LC50 (rat) = 10,000 ppm/4h

LD50 Rats oral 3500 mg/kg bw

LD50 Rabbit oral 3.6 g/kg bw

LD50 Mouse ip 0.9 g/kg bw

LD50 Mouse iv 1.5 g/kg bw

LD50 Mouse subcutanous 3.9 g/kg bw

Tertiary butyl alcohol and trichloroacetic acid are known to be contaminants in drinking water. In order to evaluate the interactive toxicity of t-butyl alcohol with trichloroacetic acid, young male Wistar rats were dosed through water at a dose level of t-butyl alcohol (TBA)-0.5% (v/v), trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-25 ppm and a combined dose of TBA + TCA (0.5% v/v TBA-25 ppm TCA) for a period of 10 weeks ad libitum and were maintained on normal diet. The control animals received plain water and normal diet. The liver and kidney histology was undertaken to see whether subtoxic administration of TBA and TCA individually as well as combined administration for a period of 10 weeks would bring about any histological alterations. It was observed that TBA, TCA and TBA + TCA caused histological alterations in the liver such as centrilobular necrosis, vacuolation in hepatocytes and loss of hepatic architecture. TBA and TBA + TCA caused periportal proliferation and lymphocytic infiltration. Hypertrophy of hepatocytes in the periportal area was a characteristic feature in the liver of TCA treated rats. Moreover, in the histology of the kidney, in the three treated groups, degeneration of renal tubules, with syncitial arrangements of the nucleus of renal tubular epithelial cells was evident. In addition to this, degeneration of the basement membrane of the Bowmans capsule, diffused glomeruli and vacuolation of glomeruli was also evident in the three treated rat kidneys. Renal tubular proliferation in certain areas was also evident in certain areas of the kidney in TCA treated rats. The results indicate that, TBA and TCA do bring about alterations in histology of liver and kidney, but on combined administration, do not show enhanced toxicity in the form of increased hepatic and renal injury.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Higher alcohols (>3 carbons) and related compounds/

Basic Treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Higher alcohols (>3 carbons) and related compounds/

LD100; Species: Semolitus atromaculatus (creek chub) 6000 mg/L for 24 hr in Detroit river water /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50; Species: Poecilia reticulata (guppy) 3550 ppm for 7 days /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50; Species: Xenopus laevis (African Clawed Frog) age 3-4 wk; Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C; Concentration: 2450000 ug/L for 48 hr /formulated product/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea); Conditions: freshwater, static; Effect: equilibrium; Concentration: 5050000 ug/L for 24 hr /formulated product/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for T-BUTYL ALCOHOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1.40e+03

6.50e+03

5.20e+03

2.20e+04

1.50e+02

8.0E+01(G)

3.20e-02

5.00e-04

4.00e-01

5.00e+00

Volatile

7.80e+04

6.50e+05

1.60e+04

6.60e+04

1.40e+04

8.0E+01 (G)

t-Butyl alcohol's production and use as a denaturant for ethanol, in the manufacture of flotation agents, flavors and perfumes, as a solvent, as an octane booster in gasoline as well as its use as a dehydrating agent and in the manufacture of methyl methacrylate may result in its direct release to the environment through various waste streams. t-Butyl alcohol is also a likely degradation product of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and has been detected in MTBE contaminated wells. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 40.7 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates t-butyl alcohol will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase t-butyl alcohol will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14 days. t-Butyl alcohol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, t-butyl alcohol is expected to have very high mobility based upon a reported Koc of 37. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 9.05X10-6 atm-cu m/mole. t-Butyl alcohol may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. The half-life of t-butyl alcohol under anoxic conditions in a non-amended soil was about 200 days, but the half-lives in the same soil amended with nitrate and sulfate nutrients were 100 and 50 days, respectively. Biodegradation of t-butyl alcohol in unamended soils collected at different depths had rates of <0.01 to 0.15 mg/L/day/gram dry soil. If released into water, t-butyl alcohol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc. The biodegradation half-life of t-butyl alcohol was reported to range from about 28 to 180 days in aerobic water and 100 to 500 days in anaerobic water. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.6 and 29 days, respectively. A reported BCF of <5 in carp suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to t-butyl alcohol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where t-butyl alcohol is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to t-butyl alcohol via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with products containing t-butyl alcohol. (SRC)

t-Butyl alcohol's production and use as a denaturant for ethanol, in the manufacture of flotation agents, flavors and perfumes, as organic solvent, as an octane booster in gasoline(1) as well as its use as a dehydrating agent and in the manufacture of methyl methacrylate(2) may result in its direct release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

t-Butyl alcohol is a likely degradation product of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and has been detected in MTBE contaminated wells(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 37(2-3), indicates that t-butyl alcohol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of t-butyl alcohol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 9.05X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(4). t-Butyl alcohol is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 40.7 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). The half-life of t-butyl alcohol under anoxic conditions in a non-amended soil was about 200 days, but the half-lives in the same soil amended with nitrate and sulfate nutrients were 100 and 50 days, respectively(6). Biodegradation of t-butyl alcohol in unamended soils collected at different depths had rates of <0.01 to 0.15 mg/L/day/gram dry soil(7).

Degradation rates have been reported to be 4.01X10-8, 4.46X10-8 and 3.26X10-7/s for t-butyl alcohol(1). Primary persistence in soil, water and air are reported as 148, 160 and 64.6 days, respectively. Secondary persistence in soil, water and air are reported as 134, 156 and 123 days, respectively. Joint persistence with its parent compound methyl-t-butyl ether in soil, water and air are reported as 87.9, 105 and 81.5 days, respectively(1).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a reported Koc value of 37(2-3), indicates that t-butyl alcohol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 9.05X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.6 and 29 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), a BCF of <5 in carp(7), suggests for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). t-Butyl alcohol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(4). The biodegradation half-life of t-butyl alcohol was reported to range from about 28 to 180 days in aerobic water and 100 to 500 days in anaerobic water(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), t-butyl alcohol, which has a vapor pressure of 40.7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase t-butyl alcohol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.12X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). t-Butyl alcohol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: t-Butyl alcohol, present at 100 mg/L, achieved 2.5% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(1). The biodegradation half-life of t-butyl alcohol was reported to range from about 28 to 180 days in aerobic water and 100 to 500 days in anaerobic water(2). t-Butyl alcohol reached 1% of its theoretical BOD using a sewage sludge during a 5 day incubation period(3). Using a river die-away test, t-butyl alcohol achieved 4% of its theoretical BOD in 12 days(4). t-Butyl alcohol, present at 50 mg/L, achieved 7% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(5). Approximately 96% dissolved organic carbon was removed over a 6 day incubation period using the Zahn-Wellens test, meant to simulate degradation at an industrial sewage treatment plant(5). Using an activated sludge in a prolonged closed bottle biodegradation test, t-butyl alcohol was degraded 10, 63 and 67% in 28, 42 and 56 days, respectively(6). Biodegradation of t-butyl alcohol in unamended soils collected at different depths had rates of <0.01 to 0.15 mg/L/day/gram dry soil(7).

AEROBIC: The biodegradation of t-butyl alcohol at various starting concentrations was studied in river and sea water; a 3 day incubation period at 30 °C in the dark was performed at four different Japanese Institutions; Kobe Gaku-in University (KGU), Osaka University (OU), Nihon University (NU) and Showa Pharmaceutical College (SPC)(1).

Table: % Biodegradation of t-Butyl Alcohol [Table#87]

ANAEROBIC: The half-life of t-butyl alcohol under anoxic conditions in a non-amended soil was about 200 days, the half-lives in the same soil amended with nitrate and sulfate nutrients were 100 and 50 days, respectively(1). Studies showed t-butyl alcohol was degraded under denitrifying conditions with and without nitrate amendment(2). t-Butyl alcohol has been reported to have anaerobic biodegradation rates comparable with aerobic degradation rates under strict anaerobic conditions with adapted sediments(3). The biodegradation half-life of t-butyl alcohol under anaerobic conditions was >230, >180, and >180 days in gas impacted aquifer, fuel impacted river sediment, and industrial and sewage impacted creek sediment, respectively(4). t-Butyl alcohol was not biodegraded after incubation under methanogenic, sulfate- or nitrate-reducing conditions(5).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of t-butyl alcohol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been reported as 1.12X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 14 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). An atmospheric half-life of 54.5 hours was reported based on its reaction with nitric oxide(2). t-Butyl alcohol had a reported half-life of 7 days for oxidation reaction with hydroxyl radical, forming acetone and formaldehyde(3). t-Butyl alcohol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(4). t-Butyl alcohol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

BCF values of <5 were reported for carp exposed to 6 ug/L of t-butyl alcohol during a 6 week incubation period(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of t-butyl alcohol has been reported as 37 (log Koc 1.57)(1-2). According to a classification scheme(3), this Koc value suggests that t-butyl alcohol is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for t-butyl alcohol is 9.05X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that t-butyl alcohol is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 3.6 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 29 days(SRC). t-Butyl alcohol's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). t-Butyl alcohol is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 40.7 mm Hg(3). t-Butyl alcohol had a measured log Ki (air/ice interface) for snow surface/air of -2.40 cu m/sq m at -6.8 °C(4).

GROUNDWATER: Reported concentrations of t-butyl alcohol from the California Department of Health Services Water Quality Data Base as of March 2006 were 2.0 to 93.0 ppb, sample dates ranged from April 27, 2001 to Jan 9, 2006(1). Some of the highest concentrations were reported at Edwards Air Force Base, California (22.4 to 68.1 ppb)(1). In a gasoline contaminated site in Dusseldorf, Germany, a two year study (Nov 2001 to Nov 2003) was done to track gasoline components and their degradation products, t-butyl alcohol was detected in 93 of 96 samples at 0.18 to 443 ug/L with an average and mean of 35.1 and 3.38 ug/L, respectively(2). Over 7200 monitoring wells were sampled (sample years 2000-2001) at 868 leaking underground fuel tank sites in the greater Los Angeles, CA area; of these 61.1% (530) had detectable concentrations of t-butyl alcohol ranging from 6 to 4.4X10+6 ug/L; the mean, median and geometric mean were 30,120, 1880 and 1730 ug/L, respectively(3).

DRINKING WATER: t-Butyl alcohol was identified, not quantified, in drinking water samples from at least one of the following cities: Cincinnati, OH, Miami, FL, Ottumwa, IA, Philadelphia, PA, and Seattle, WA(1). t-Butyl alcohol was detected in methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) contaminated wells in the US (1993-1998) at concentrations of 5.5-397 ug/L(2). t-Butyl alcohol was identified, not quantified, in drinking water samples from unspecified locations in the US(3). t-Butyl alcohol was identified, not quantified, in drinking water samples from New Orleans, LA(4).

t-Butyl alcohol was detected, not quantified in 3 of 10 household products which are meant for large area use and, therefore, can emit volatiles that can affect indoor air quality. These products were wax paste for leather conservation and finish, and two formulas of liquid wax used for marble, ceramic, linoleum, plastic, and varnished wood floors(1). t-Butyl alcohol was identified, not quantified, in the volatile emissions of common garden waste(2) and a hazardous waste incinerator in Germany(3). An industrial landfill in South America that was the site for disposal of phenol (until 1989) and methyl-t-butyl ether (several years) had t-butyl alcohol concentrations of 43 to 22,600 ug/L in the aquifer; the source well concentration for t-butyl alcohol was <2 ug/L(4).

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

1. Absorbing in vermiculite, dry sand, earth or similar material & disposing in secured sanitary landfill. 2. Atomizing in suitable combustion chamber.

/t-Butyl alcohol/ is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. /Butanols, from table/

Incineration & landfill: Incinerate waste by atomizing into a suitable combustion chamber. Bury absorbed waste in an approved landfill.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Butanols/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Butanols/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Butanols/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Butanols/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for T-BUTYL ALCOHOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1120; Butanols

IMO 3.2; Butanols

49 091 30; tert-Butyl alcohol

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

Symbol: F, Xn; R: 11-20-36/37; S: (2)-9-16-46

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: II