tert-Butyl hydroperoxide

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

P203, P280, P318, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 17.3% (234 of 1351) of reports.

H226 (75%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H242 (66.5%): Heating may cause a fire [Danger Self-reactive substances and mixtures; Organic peroxides]

H301 (33%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H302 (39%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (61.9%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H312 (10.2%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314 (71.9%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (66.9%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318 (60%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (28.9%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H332 (41.7%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (10.6%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H341 (64.7%): Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H411 (71.7%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P233, P234, P235, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P410, P411, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1351 reports by companies from 40 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 234 of 1351 reports by companies.

There are 39 notifications provided by 1117 of 1351 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P273, P280, P318, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H242: Heating may cause a fire [Danger Self-reactive substances and mixtures; Organic peroxides]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P203, P210, P233, P234, P235, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P410, P411, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H240: Heating may cause an explosion [Danger Self-reactive substances and mixtures; Organic peroxides]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and volatile chemicals have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting. Thus, the risk of increasing the medical problems by inducing vomiting of a volatile corrosive chemical is very high. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 145 [Organic Peroxides (Heat and Contamination Sensitive)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 146 [Organic Peroxides (Heat, Contamination and Friction Sensitive)]:

Fire Extinguishing Agents: Dry chemical, foam or carbon dioxide. (USCG, 1999)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 145 [Organic Peroxides (Heat and Contamination Sensitive)]:

SMALL FIRE: Water spray or fog is preferred; if water not available use dry chemical, CO2 or regular foam.

LARGE FIRE: Flood fire area with water from a distance. Use water spray or fog; avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 146 [Organic Peroxides (Heat, Contamination and Friction Sensitive)]:

Use water spray, dry sand, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical.

In case of fire, water should be applied by the sprinkler system or by hose from a safe distance, preferably with a fog nozzle. Foam may be necessary instead if the peroxide is diluted in a low density flammable solvent. Portable extinguishers should not be used except for very small fires. Peroxides threatened by fire should be wetted from a safe distance for cooling. /Peroxides, Organic and Inorganic/

Water may be ineffective. Alcohol foam.

Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary. Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions. - Carbon oxides

Excerpt from ERG Guide 145 [Organic Peroxides (Heat and Contamination Sensitive)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial evacuation for at least 250 meters (800 feet) in all directions.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 146 [Organic Peroxides (Heat, Contamination and Friction Sensitive)]:

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents.

Spills should be cleaned up promptly using non-sparking tools and an inert, moist diluent such as vermiculite or sand. Sweepings may be placed in open containers or polyethylene bags and the area washed with water and detergent. Spilled, contaminated, waste or questionable peroxides should be destroyed. /Peroxides, Organic and Inorganic/

Most peroxides can be hydrolyzed by adding them slowly with stirring to about ten times their weight of cold 10% sodium hydroxide solution. The reaction may require several hours. /Peroxides, Organic and Inorganic/

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.Keep away from heat and sources of ignition.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 145 [Organic Peroxides (Heat and Contamination Sensitive)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Keep substance wet using water spray. Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

SMALL SPILL: Pick up with inert, damp, non-combustible material using clean, non-sparking tools and place into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

LARGE SPILL: Wet down with water and dike for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 146 [Organic Peroxides (Heat, Contamination and Friction Sensitive)]:

Fireproof. Separated from combustible substances and reducing agents. Cool. Inspect container frequently to identify bulging and leaking.

Store in original container. Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Recommended storage temperature 2 - 8 °C

0.3 [ppm]

3.7 [ppm]

22 [ppm]

0.1 [ppm]

2017 Notice of Intended Changes (NIC): These substances, with their corresponding values and notations, comprise those for which (1) a limit is proposed for the first time, (2) a change in the Adopted value is proposed, (3) retention as an NIC is proposed, or (4) withdrawal of the Documentation and adopted TLV is proposed. In each case, the proposals should be considered trial values during the period they are on the NIC. These proposals were ratified by the ACGIH Board of Directors and will remain on the NIC for approximately one year following this ratification. If the Committee neither finds nor receives any substantive data that changes its scientific opinion regarding an NIC TLV, the Committee may then approve its recommendation to the ACGIH Board of Directors for adoption. If the Committee finds or receives substantive data that change its scientific opinion regarding an NIC TLV, the Committee may change its recommendation to the ACGIH Board of Directors for the matter to be either retained on or withdrawn from the NIC. Substance: tert-Butyl hydroperoxide; Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.1 ppm; Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): None; Notations: Skin; Molecular Weight: 90.12; TLV Basis: Eye and upper respiratory tract irritation; mutagenic and reproductive effects.

0.1 ppm as TWA; (skin).

skin absorption (H)

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.

Goggles, well-fitting gloves, barrier creams (USCG, 1999)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 145 [Organic Peroxides (Heat and Contamination Sensitive)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 146 [Organic Peroxides (Heat, Contamination and Friction Sensitive)]:

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Eye/face protection: Tightly fitting safety goggles. Faceshield (8-inch minimum). Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Persons handling peroxides should use safety glasses with side shields, goggles or face shield for eye protection. Emergency eyewash facilities should be provided. Gloves, aprons and other protective clothing as necessary should be used to prevent skin contact. Clothing and equipment that generate static electricity should be avoided. Smoking should be prohibited. /Peroxides, Organic and Inorganic/

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. NO contact with flammables. Above 43 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Watery odorless colorless liquid. Floats on and dissolves slowly in water. (USCG, 1999)

Watery odorless colorless liquid. Floats and mixes slowly with water. (USCG, 1999)

Liquid; CBI

Colorless liquid with a pungent odor; [ICSC] Odorless, colorless liquid; [CAMEO]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

Water-white liquid

192 °F at 760 mmHg (decomposes); 104 °F at 23 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

BP: 89 °C (decomposes)

BP: 35 °C at 20 mm Hg

BP: 40 °C at 23 mm Hg

18 °F (NTP, 1992)

MP: 6 °C

80 °F (NTP, 1992)

43 °(may explode on heating)

Less than 80 °F (less than 27 °C) /closed cup/

greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)

Soluble in water

Moderately soluble in water

Slightly soluble in water

Soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform

For more Solubility (Complete) data for tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Solubility in water: miscible

0.88 at 77 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8960 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.93

0.86 @25 °C

2.07 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

2.07 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.1

5.46 [mmHg]

5.46 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 3.07 (calculated)

3.07 [mm Hg] @20 °C

-1.3 (calculated)

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.

Odor Threshold Low: 0.05 [ppm]

Index of refraction = 1.4015 at 20 °C/D

pKa = 12.8 at 20 °C

A highly reactive peroxy compound; decomposes at 75 °C

Water soluble.

Peroxides, Organic

Water and Aqueous Solutions

Explosive

Strong Oxidizing Agent

Most alkyl monohydroperoxides, such as TERT-BUTYL HYDROPEROXIDE, are liquid. The explosivity of the lower members (e.g., methyl hydroperoxide or possibly traces of the dialkyl peroxides) decreasing with increasing chain length and branching, [Bretherick 2nd ed. 1979 p. 10]. Though relatively stable explosions have been caused by distillation to dryness [Milas, JACS, 1946 68 205] or attempted distillation at atmospheric pressure (Castrantas 1965 p 15). Very soluble in organic solvents and alkali metal hydroxide solutions. Combustible and a moderate fire risk [Hawley].

Most alkyl monohydroperoxides are liquid. The explosivity of the lower members (e.g., methyl hydroperoxide, or possibly, traces of the dialkyl peroxides) decreasing with increasing chain length and branching [Bretherick 2nd ed. 1979 p. 10]. Though relatively stable, explosions have been caused by distillation to dryness [Milas, JACS 1946, 68, 205] or attempted distillation at atmospheric pressure [Castrantas 1965 p. 15].

Most alkyl monohydroperoxides are liquid, the explosivity of the lower members (e.g., methyl hydroperoxide, or possibly due to traces of the dialkyl peroxides) decreasing with increasing chain length and branching [Bretherick 2nd ed. 1979 p. 10]. Though relatively stable, explosions have been caused by distillation to dryness [Milas, JACS, 1946, 68, 205] or attempted distillation at atmospheric pressure [Castrantas 1965 p 15].

Violent reactions with traces of acids. Concentrated solutions may ignite spontaneously on contact with molecular sieve. Mixtures with transition metal salts may react vigorously and release oxygen.

The substance is a strong oxidant and reacts violently with combustible and reducing materials, metallic and sulfur compounds. /From table/

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide is a water-white liquid. It is used to introduce peroxy group into organic molecules, as a reagent in radical substitution reactions, and catalyst in polymerization reactions. HUMAN STUDIES: The main toxic effect of most peroxides is irritation of skin, mucous membranes and eyes. Prolonged or intense skin contact or splashes in the eyes may cause severe injury. Some organic peroxide vapors are irritating and may also cause headaches, intoxication similar to alcohol, and lung edema if inhaled in high concentrations. Some are skin sensitizers. Hydroperoxides are extremely irritating and corrosive to the eyes, with risk of blindness, and may cause serious injury or death if ingested in sufficient quantity. tert-Butyl hydroperoxide induced DNA lesions in human liver cells, and stimulated activity of superoxide dismutase and mainly glutathione peroxidase. A slight increase in the gene expression of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase and catalase with 500 uM tert-butyl hydroperoxide and of catalase with 200 uM hydrogen peroxide was observed in HepG2 cells in culture. tert-Butyl hydroperoxide has been demonstrated to induce apoptosis in hepatoma cell line HepG2. ANIMAL STUDIES: When tested as a 75% solution in dimethylphthalate by application of two drops to rabbit eyes, it caused injury graded 5 on a scale of 0 to 7. A drop of 35% solution in propylene glycol caused a reaction graded between 46 and 79 on a scale of 0 to 100, persisting at least a week. A 7% solution in the same solvent was the maximum which could be tolerated without significant irritation. In a routine primary skin irritation assay, three out of six rabbits died. The peroxide is a severe dermal irritant. It can also be absorbed through the skin in toxic amounts to cause cyanosis, depression, loss of righting, blanching of the treated skin, convulsions, and death. In male rats serum hepatotoxicity parameters were increased from 2 hr following 1 mmol/kg tert-butyl hydroperoxide and reached their maximum values at 8 hr. In rats, injection of tert-butyl hydroperoxide into common bile-pancreatic duct induces acute necrotizing pancreatitis. In mice, tert-butyl hydroperoxide alters the miRNA expression profile of testis which might play a potential role in oxidative and antioxidative responses and spermatogenesis. In cultured mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons tert-butyl hydroperoxide inhibited axonal transport via lipid peroxidation along with degenerative changes in organelles. tert-Butyl hydroperoxide was tested for the induction of sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster. It was positive at a dose of 2,000 ppm when administered to males by feeding in this assay. In vivo experiment showed no mutagenesis in the bone marrow cells after rats inhaled 100 ppm for 6 hr/day for 5 days. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: The effects of tert-butyl hydroperoxide on hepatic transcriptome expression patterns of the teleost fish Lithognathus mormyrus were studied. The effects were demonstrated by leukocyte infiltration into the liver and by differential expression of various genes, some already known to be involved in oxidative stress responses.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

Burning sensation. Cough. Laboured breathing.

Pain. Redness. Blisters.

Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.

Abdominal cramps. Burning sensation. Weakness.

Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Suspected Human.

LC50 (rat) = 460 ppm/4H

LC50 Rat inhalation 500 ppm/4 hr

LD50 Rat oral 406 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 560 mg/kg

LD50 Rat dermal 790 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

In hemoglobin-free perfused rat liver, tert-butylhydroperoxide (0.56 mmol) reversibly decreased metabolism of sodium hexobarbital (0.19 mmol).

The current studies have investigated the effect of heterocyclic drugs with the single thiol group (thiamazole, mercaptopurine) and dithiol aliphatic drugs (dimercaptosuccinic acid, dithiothreitol) under oxidative stress conditions, using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH), in human erythrocyte lysate with the luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence technique. Knowing that oxidative processes induced by t-BuOOH are triggered by (oxy)hemoglobin (Hb), the effect of different thiol drugs (RSH) on isolated human Hb oxidation to methemoglobin (MHb) and hemichromes (HChr) was further considered. Three types of chemiluminescence curves, fitting to logistic-exponential model, have been revealed under influence of RSH. Structure of the data (MHb and HChr production, and free radical activity of RSH) in Principal Component Analysis visualization and kinetic profiles of chemiluminescence integrate information in terms of the diversity of RSH reaction mechanisms depending on the specific molecular context of the given thiol: aliphatic or aromatic nature as well as the number and position of the -SH groups in the molecule. The study conducted in presented in vitro systems indicates the potential role of thiol drugs mediated toxicity in an oxidative stress dependent mechanism.

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of 6-shogaol on tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)-induced oxidative stress leading to apoptosis in human hepatoma cell line HepG2. The cells were exposed to tBHP (100 umol/L) after pretreatment with 6-shogaol (2.5 and 5 umol/L), and then cell viability was measured. 6-Shogaol fully prevented HepG2 cell death caused by tBHP. Treatment of tBHP resulted in apoptotic cell death as assessed by TUNEL assay and the expression of apoptosis regulator proteins, Bcl-2 family, caspases and cytochrome c. Cells treated with 6-shogaol showed rapid reduction of apoptosis by restoring these markers of apoptotic cells. In addition, 6-shogaol significantly recovered disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential as a start sign of hepatic apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. In line with this observation, antioxidative 6-shogaol inhibited generation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of reduced glutathione in tBHP-stimulated HepG2 cells. Taken together, these results for the first time showed antioxidative and antiapoptotic activities of 6-shogaol in tBHP-treated hepatoma HepG2 cells, suggesting that 6-shogaol could be beneficial in hepatic disorders caused by oxidative stress.

A nanocarrier, namely, hydroxylethyl-chitosan nanoparticles was developed in this research for delivering antioxidants with 6-hydroxy-2, 5, 7, 8-tetra-methylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (trolox) as a model antioxidant. The trolox-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles (trolox-CS NPs) were prepared by modifying chitosan with epoxyethane, which self-assembled into NPs and entrapped trolox, and then characterized by their size, size distribution, morphology and in vitro trolox release profile. Intracellular trafficking of CS NPs was observed. The anti-oxidant effect and potential mechanism of trolox-CS NPs were subsequently investigated in RAW264.7 cells. The effects of trolox-CS NPs on RAW264.7 cells damaged by tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP) were determined by MTT assay for cell viability, MDA assay for membrane lipid peroxidation, JC-1 probe and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining for mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) and RAW264.7 apoptosis, respectively. The trolox-CS NPs significantly improved cell viability and reduced MDA content compared with those of cells treated with free trolox. The trolox-CS NPs treatment inhibited MMP collapse and RAW264.7 apoptosis more obviously than free trolox. Molecular basis of apoptosis studied by western blotting revealed that trolox-CS NPs may block mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway through up-regulation of Bcl-2 and down-regulation of Bax and inhibiting the activation of pro-caspase 3, PARP and Bid.

For more Interactions (Complete) data for tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (22 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Organic peroxides/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic peroxides/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5K TKO. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organic peroxides/

Peroxides should be washed promptly from the skin to prevent irritation. In the case of eye contact, the eyes should be flushed immediately with large amounts of water, and medical attention should be obtained. Delay in the case of corrosive irritants such as methyl ethyl ketone peroxide can result in blindness. Medical attention should also be obtained in case of accidental ingestion. If sensitization occurs, further contact should be avoided. /Peroxides, Organic and Inorganic/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation - burning sensation, cough, labored breathing; Skin - redness, pain, blisters; Eyes - Redness, pain, severe deep burns; Ingestion - abdominal cramps, burning sensation, weakness. /From table/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The main toxic effect of most peroxides is irritation of skin, mucous membranes and eyes. Prolonged or intense skin contact or splashes in the eyes may cause severe injury. Some organic peroxide vapors are irritating and may also cause headaches, intoxication similar to alcohol, and lung edema in inhaled in high concentrations. Some are ... skin sensitizers. Dialkyl peroxides are generally not as strongly irritating, and the diacyl peroxides are the least irritating of the peroxides. Hydroperoxides, peroxyacids and particularly methyl ethyl ketone peroxide are much more severe. They are extremely irritating and corrosive to the eyes, with risk of blindness, and may cause serious injury or death if ingested in sufficient quantity. /Peroxides, Organic and Inorganic/

/GENOTOXICITY/ This paper presents comparisons of biological impacts of the oxidants H2O2 and t-BHP on human liver cells, and shows modulation of these effects by the phenolic compound carvacrol. To understand better how these oxidants exert their effect on DNA and on the activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), we measured intracellular antioxidant glutathione (iGSH) and intracellular reactive oxidative species (iROS). DNA lesions corresponded to single-strand DNA breaks, alkali-labile lesions and formamido-pyrimidine-DNA-glycosylase (FPG)-sensitive sites. Pre-treatment of cells with carvacrol substantially decreased the number of H2O2-induced DNA lesions, but the number of t-BHP-induced DNA lesions was not reduced. Activities of both SOD and GPx were stimulated significantly by carvacrol and were reduced by the combined effect of carvacrol and oxidants. H2O2 and t-BHP alone influenced the level of antioxidant enzymes differently. While H2O2 did not markedly change the activity of SOD or GPx, lower concentrations of t-BHP stimulated activity of SOD and mainly GPx. The level of iROS was increased by both oxidants and decreased by carvacrol applied either alone or with oxidants. The level of iGSH was not influenced in any of the treatments tested. Our results show that although both oxidants induced oxidative stress and damaged cellular DNA, their influences on other molecular processes were different. The protective effect of carvacrol against DNA-damaging effects of H2O2 was unambiguous, but reduction by carvacrol of the DNA-damaging effect of t-BHP was not observed. These results suggest that the phenolic compound carvacrol contributes to the defense mechanisms of the human organism, but these beneficial effects are dependent on the origin and source of the actual oxidative stress.

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ Increased oxidative stress is implicated in the onset and progression of prevalent pregnancy disorders (e.g. gestational diabetes and fetal growth restriction), and in programming the fetus to develop metabolic diseases later in life. Since the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects of oxidative stress are largely unexplored, we aimed to investigate if the placental transport of glucose - the main energetic substrate for the fetus and placenta - is altered by oxidative stress. In a human syncytiotrophoblast (STB)cell model, the BeWo cell line,oxidative stress was induced by treatment with 100 mM tert-butylhydroperoxide(tert-BOOH) for 24 hr. Tert-BOOH decreased the steady-state intracellular accumulation (Amax) of[(3)H]2-deoxyglucose([(3)H]DG) mediated by both facilitative(GLUT) and non-facilitative(non-GLUT)glucose transporters. These effects were not associated with a change in the mRNA expression level of GLUT1, the major placental glucose transporter. Also,they seemed to be independent from phosphoinositide 3-kinase and protein kinase C signaling pathways and were unchanged either by inhibitors of free radical-generating enzymes or by free radical scavengers. In contrast, the dietary polyphenols quercetin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate and resveratrol completely reversed the inhibitory effect of tert-BOOH upon[(3)H]DG accumulation through a specific effect on GLUT-mediated transport. Finally, tert-BOOH induced an increase in the transepithelial permeability to [(3)H]DG in the apical-to-basal direction, apparently related to an increase in its paracellular transport. In conclusion, tert-BOOH-induced oxidative stress reduces STB accumulation of glucose associated with an increase in its transepithelial permeability. This effect may contribute to the deleterious consequences of pregnancy disorders associated with oxidative stress.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ In most severe injuries induced in rabbits eyes there has been great chemosis and formation of gas bubbles in the conjuctiva, cornea, and anterior chamber. Conjuctiva has become necrotic and cornea opaque. /Org peroxides/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ t-Butyl hydroperoxide, used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions, tested as a 75% solution in dimethylphthalate by application of two drops to rabbit eyes, caused injury graded 5 on a scale of 0 to 7. A drop of 35% solution in propylene glycol caused a reaction graded between 46 and 79 on a scale of 0 to 100, persisting at least a week. A 7% solution in the same solvent was the maximum which could be tolerated without significant irritation. Washing the eyes with water within four seconds after application of the test substance prevented injury in all cases.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Oral studies ... /on rats/ have shown TBHP is moderately toxic if ingested with an LD50 of 560 mg/kg. It should be noted that even though only 1 of 10 rats died when given 0.6 mL/kg, the animals in this dose group exhibited signs of depression and lacrimation. As the dose level increased, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 mL/kg, the animals showed signs of loss of righting, hypothermia, and hematuria.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ In a routine primary skin irritation assay, three out of the six rabbits died. The peroxide is a severe dermal irritant /and/, by DOT standards, a corrosive. It can also be absorbed through the skin in toxic amounts to cause cyanosis, depression, loss of righting, blanching of the treated skin, convulsions, and death.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (30 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Status of Agents Search page, which tabulates the results and current status of tests such as "Short-Term Toxicity Studies", "Long-term Carcinogenicity Studies", "Developmental Studies", "Genetic Toxicology Studies", etc., performed with this chemical. Testing status for tert-butyl hydroperoxide is available.[Available from, as of November 3, 2017: https://ntpsearch.niehs.nih.gov/?e=True&ContentType=Testing+Status]

The ability of t-butyl hydroperoxide to induce morphological transformation in the C3H/10T1/2 mouse cell line (Cell Transformation Assay) was evaluated at concentrations of 4.9, 2.4, 1.2, 0.6 and 0.3 nl/ml in acetone, with corresponding survival ranging from 86.3% to 44.7%. None of the tested concentrations produced significantly greater transformation frequencies relative to the solvent control.

The mutagenicity of t-butyl hydroperoxide was evaluated in Salmonella tester strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, and TA1538 (Ames Test), both in the presence and absence of added metabolic activation by Aroclor-induced rat or hamster liver S9 fraction. Based on preliminary bacterial toxicity determinations, aqueous t-butyl hydroperoxide was tested for mutagenicity at concentrations of 3.0, 15, 75, 150, and 300 ug/plate using a 20-minute preincubation technique. t-Butyl hydroperoxide caused a reproducible positive response in tester strains TA98, TA100 and TA1537 in tests with added metabolic activation.

The ability of aqueous t-butyl hydroperoxide to induce specific locus mutations at the TK locus in cultured L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells (Mouse Lymphoma Mutagenesis Assay) was evaluated in the presence and absence of Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 metabolic activation. Based on preliminary toxicity tests, nonactivated cultures were treated with 1.3, 1.8, 2.4, 3.2, 4.2, 5.6, 7.5, 10, and 13 nl/ml, and S9-activated cultures were treated with 13, 18, 24, 32, 42, 56, 75, 100, 130, and 180 nl/ml. Cloning efficiency ranged from 3-92% for nonactivated cultures and from 4-105% for S9-activated cultures. Nonactivated and activated cultures produced mutant frequencies ranging from 2-10.6 and 2-8 times that of the solvent controls (water), respectively, with a clear dose-response relationship obtained.

The ability of tert-butyl hydroperoxide to cause chromosome aberration was evaluated in bone marrow cells of Sprague-Dawley rats (10/sex/group; except for high dose animals 15/sex) receiving nominal concentrations of test material at 0, 10 30, 75 and 100 ppm in a dynamic air flow chamber for 6 hours/day, for up to five days. There was no effect of treatment as indicated by mortality and gross necropsy observations. Decreased body weights for high dose males (75 & 100 ppm) and high dose females (100 ppm) were observed. None of the treatments produced chromosomal aberrations or damage in bone marrow cells of rats.

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow); Conditions: semi-static (daily renewal), 24.4-24.9 °C, pH 7.7-7.9, hardness 210 mg/L; Concentration: 29 mg/L for 96 hr /from table/

LC50; Species: Poecilia reticulata (Guppy); Conditions: semi-static (renewal at 48 hr), 22-24 °C, pH 7.9-8.3, hardness 210 mg/L; Concentration: 57 mg/L for 96 hr /from table/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Conditions: static, 20.6-20.8 °C, pH 7.4-7.9, hardness 210 mg/L; Concentration: 14 mg/L for 48 hr; Effect: immobility /from table/

EC50; Species: Selenastrum capricornutum (algae); Conditions: static, 23 °C, pH 7.9-8.6, hardness 24 mg/L; Concentration: 1.5 mg/L for 72 hr; Effect: exponential growth rate /from table/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/PLANTS/ The effects of TBHP on cell growth (wet weight) and cell membrane integrity (ion leakage) were studied in in vitro tests in which cells of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) were exposed in a growth solution. The cells were cultured in a medium (LS-medium) containing macro- and micro-elements. For the determination of cell growth, cells were exposed for 7 days in the LS-medium (test concentrations: 0-9-18-45-90-180 mg/L) after which the fresh weight of the cells was determined. For the determination of cell membrane integrity (determined by measuring continuously the conductivity of the medium that was pumped through a flow conductivity cell during a period of 12 hours), cells from the late exponential growth phase (usually 7-day old cultures) were collected, washed 3 times with "electrical conductivity medium" (EC medium, being a 1/100 dilution of the LS-medium), transferred to EC medium and exposed for 12 hours in this medium (test concentrations: 0-18-45-90-135-180 mg/L). Exposure to TBHP resulted in concentrations-related effects on both cell growth (decrease of fresh weight) and cell membrane integrity (increase of conductivity in the medium), with in both cases a LOEC of 45 mg/L (around 70% reduction of cell culture growth and around 50% increase in conductivity; percentages derived from graphs) and a NOEC of 18 mg/L. Maximum conductivity values after treatment with high concentrations of TBHP did not further increase after freeze-thaw treatment of the cultures and were in the same range as those measured after freeze-thawing of untreated cultures. Hence, according to the authors of this study, the observed increase in conductivity during TBHP treatment was due mainly to an efflux of ions caused by membrane damage rather than to a metabolic response of the cells to TBHP or to generation of ions by the reaction of TBHP with cellular components. In earlier in vitro tests with terrestrial plant tissues, viz. (discs) of egg plant fruit, white gourd, chayote fruit, radish root, potato tuber and red beet, exposure to TBHP in a growth solution also showed membrane damage, as indicated by the leakage of several cellular components, including potassium ions, reducing sugars and UV-absorbing materials. For example, these effects were found in tests with discs of turnip (Brassica rapa) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) exposed for 8-10 hours to a TBHP concentration of 900 mg/l; in these tests it was found that the leakage of cell components was accompanied by incorporation of TBHP, the formation of lipid hydroperoxides and a decrease in respiratory activity.

tert-Butyl hydroperoxide's production and use as a chemical intermediate may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 5.46 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates tert-butyl hydroperoxide will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase tert-butyl hydroperoxide will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5 days. tert-Butyl hydroperoxide will directly photolyze with breakage of the peroxide bond. If released to soil, tert-butyl hydroperoxide is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 86. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces may be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. The pKa of tert-butyl hydroperoxide is 12.8, indicating that this compound will exist in the un-ionized form in the environment. tert-Butyl hydroperoxide may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks, indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil or water. It is expected to react rapidly with organic matter in soil and water and be decomposed rapidly by metal ions, which will attenuate all transport processes. Hydroperoxides would be converted to the corresponding alcohols. If released into water, tert-butyl hydroperoxide is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 and 20 days, respectively. However, hydroperoxides react with a variety of compounds and are reduced readily to the corresponding alcohols. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure to tert-butyl hydroperoxide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where tert-butyl hydroperoxide is produced or used. The general public is not likely to be exposed to tert-butyl hyroperxide. (SRC)

tert-Butyl hydroperoxide's production and use as a chemical intermediate(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 86(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tert-butyl hydroperoxide is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). However, hydroperoxides react with a variety of compounds and are reduced readily to the corresponding alcohols(3). They are decomposed readily by multivalent metal ions, are photo- and thermally sensitive and undergo initial oxygen-oxygen bond homolysis, and they are attacked readily by free radicals, undergoing induced and self-induced decomposition(3). Chemical degradation is expected to be the dominant fate process in soil(SRC). The pKa of tert-butyl hydroperoxide is 12.80(4), indicating that this compound will exist in the unionized form in the environment. Volatilization of tert-butyl hydroperoxide from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). tert-Butyl hydroperoxide is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 5.46 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(6) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 86(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tert-butyl hydroperoxide is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). However, hydroperoxides react with a variety of compounds and are reduced readily to the corresponding alcohols(3). They are decomposed readily by multivalent metal ions, are photo- and thermally sensitive and undergo initial oxygen-oxygen bond homolysis, and they are attackec readily by free radicals, undergoing induced and self-induced decompositions(3). Chemical degradation is expected to be the dominant fate process in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 and 20 days, respectively(SRC). A pKa of 12.8(5) indicates tert-butyl hydroperoxide will exist in the unionized form at pH values of 5 to 9(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 0.94(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(7) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in atmosphere(1), tert-butyl hydroperoxide, which has a vapor pressure of 5.46 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase tert-butyl hydroperoxide is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.0X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). tert-Butyl hydroperoxide will directly photolyze with breakage of the peroxide bond(4).

AEROBIC: tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, present at 100 mg/L, reached 0% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of tert-butyl hydroperoxide with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 3.0X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). tert-Butyl hydroperoxide will directly photolyze due to absorption in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm)(3). High tert-butyl peroxy radical concentrations formed during photolysis of this compound alone or in solution with various solvents with or without O2(3). As an added source of free radicals, peroxides contribute to the buildup of photochemical smog(4). tert-Butyl hydroperoxide is expected to react rapidlywith organic matter in soil and water and be decomposed rapidly by metal ions(5). Alkyl hydroperoxides are reduced readily to the corresponding alcohols(5).

A BCF value of 3 was calculated in fish for tert-butyl hydroperoxide(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 0.94(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Chemical degradation is expected to be the dominant fate process in water because of reaction with organic matter(3) and, therefore, the compound would be biologically unavailable(SRC). It was observed that tert-butyl hydroperoxide is metabolized to tert-butanol in rice fish (Oryzias latipes)(4).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of tert-butyl hydroperoxide can be estimated to be 86(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that tert-butyl hydroperoxide is expected to have high mobility in soil. However, hydroperoxides react with multivalent metal ions and other species ubiquitous in soil and are readily reduced to the corresponding alcohols(3). Therefore, it is expected to chemically degrade rapidly in soil and is not expected to travel long distances in soil or migrate to groundwater(SRC). The pKa of tert-butyl hydroperoxide is 12.8(4), indicating that this compound will exist in the un-ionized form in the environment.

The Henry's Law constant for tert-butyl hydroperoxide is estimated as 1.6X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that tert-butyl hydroperoxide is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 2 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 20 days(SRC). tert-Butyl hydroperoxide's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Tert-Butyl hydroperoxide is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 5.46 mm Hg(3). However, this compounds is expected to decompose rapidly in soil and water(4) which may attenuate the importance of volatilization to the atmosphere(SRC).

According to the 2016 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 4 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of tert-butyl hydroperoxide in the United States may be as low as 10 workers to less than 500 but unknown or unreasonably ascertainable as to how many workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 12,168 workers (4,787 of these are female) are potentially exposed to tert-butyl hydroperoxide in the US(1). Occupational exposure to tert-butyl hydroperoxide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where tert-butyl hydroperoxide is produced or used(SRC).

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

/GUIDE 145 ORGANIC PEROXIDES (Heat and Contamination Sensitive)/ Fire or Explosion: May explode from heat or contamination. May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. /Organic peroxide type D, liquid; Organic peroxide type E, liquid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/

/GUIDE 145 ORGANIC PEROXIDES (Heat and Contamination Sensitive)/ Health: Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with substance may cause severe injury or burns. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Organic peroxide type D, liquid; Organic peroxide type E, liquid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/

/GUIDE 145 ORGANIC PEROXIDES (Heat and Contamination Sensitive)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream. /Organic peroxide type D, liquid; Organic peroxide type E, liquid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/

/GUIDE 145 ORGANIC PEROXIDES (Heat and Contamination Sensitive)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Organic peroxide type D, liquid; Organic peroxide type E, liquid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 3103; Organic peroxide type C, liquid

UN 3105; Organic peroxide type D, liquid

UN 3107; Organic peroxide type E, liquid

UN 3109; Organic peroxide type F, liquid

IMO 5.2; Organic peroxide type C, liquid; Organic peroxide type D, liquid; Organic peroxide type E, liquid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Organic peroxide type C, liquid; Organic peroxide type D, liquid; Organic peroxide type E, liquid; and Organic peroxide type F, liquid are included on the dangerous goods list. /Organic peroxide type C, liquid; Organic peroxide type D, liquid; Organic peroxide type E, liquid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Organic peroxide type C, liquid; Organic peroxide type D, liquid; Organic peroxide type E, liquid; and Organic peroxide type F, liquid are included on the dangerous goods list. /Organic peroxide type C, liquid; Organic peroxide type D, liquid; Organic peroxide type E, liquid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/

Organic Peroxide

UN Hazard Class: 5.2; UN Pack Group: II