Trifluoroacetic acid

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P261, P264, P271, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H290 (23.5%): May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]

H302 (23.1%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (48.3%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332 (100%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H412 (100%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P234, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P363, P390, P405, P406, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 472 reports by companies from 18 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H290: May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H360: May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P234, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P363, P390, P391, P403+P233, P405, P406, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

P234, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P363, P390, P403+P233, P405, P406, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: gas-tight chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking liquid in sealable plastic containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from strong bases, metals, oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

6.7 [mg/m3]

73 [mg/m3]

440 [mg/m3]

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation of fumes may cause lung oedema.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

NO contact with bases, oxidizing agents or reducing agents.

AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Trifluoroacetic acid appears as a colorless fuming liquid with a pungent odor. Soluble in water and denser than water. Corrosive to skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Used to make other chemicals and as a solvent.

Colorless fuming liquid with a pungent odor; [ICSC] Hygroscopic; [HSDB]

FUMING COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

Colorless, fuming liquid; hygroscopic

Sharp biting odor

Strong pungent odor

Enthalpy of vaporization: 33 kJ/mol at boiling point

71.1 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-15.4 °C

-15.25 °C

Miscible with ether, acetone, ethanol, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, hexane.

In water, miscible at 20 °C

1000 mg/mL at 20 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 100 (very good)

1.531 at 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.5

1.535 @25 °C

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.9

110.0 [mmHg]

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 11

Henry's Law constant = 1.11X10-7 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen fluorides/

Corrosive

Index of refraction: 1.2850 at 20 °C/D

pKa = 0.3

122.1 Ų [M-H]- [CCS Type: DT; Buffer gas: N2; Ionization: ESI-; Dataset: PFAS]

96.5 Ų [M-H-CO2]- [CCS Type: DT; Buffer gas: N2; Ionization: ESI-; Dataset: PFAS]

106.2 Ų [M-H]- [CCS Type: DT; Buffer gas: N2; Ionization: ESI-; Dataset: PFAS]

108.4 Ų [M-H]-

Strong, non-oxidizing acid

Other Classes -> Organic Acids

Corrosives

Reactive agents - 1st degree

Ionic Liquids -> Fluorinated Ionic Liquids

Ionic Liquids

Environmental transformation -> Pesticide transformation products (metabolite, successor)

PFAS -> Perfluorocarboxylic acids

PFAS -> PFAS with analytical method available

PFAS -> Ultra Short Chain PFcarboxylic acids

PFAS -> Other/unspecified

Fumes in air. Soluble in water.

Acids, Carboxylic

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Fluorinated Organic Compounds

CSL00015

SODIUM BOROHYDRIDE + TRIFLUOROACETIC ACID

Warning - Sodium Borohydride combined with Trifluoroacetic acid can result in a fire

Flammable,Pyrophoric

User-Reported

TRIFLUOROACETIC ACID is a strong acid; attacks many metals [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 935]. A 30% solution of hydrogen peroxide in trifluoroacetic acid is often used to destructively oxidize aromatic rings in preference to the side chains. Explosions have occurred, if the excess peroxide is not catalytically destroyed, prior to removal of solvent, [Tetrahedron Lett., 1977, 1703-1704]. The reduction of amides of trifluoroacetic acid with lithium aluminum hydride are dangerous at all phases of the process, explosions have occurred, [Chem. Eng. News, 1955, 33, 1368].

A solution of 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide in trifluoroacetic acid is useful for destructive oxidation of the aromatic ring in preference to the side chains as is usual with most oxidants. During work-up operations, the excess peroxide must be catalytically decomposed with manganese dioxide before removal of solvent to prevent explosions.

Serious local effects by all routes of exposure.

Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Laboured breathing.

Redness. Pain. Serious skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.

Burning sensation in the throat and chest. Abdominal pain. Shock or collapse.

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LC50 (rat) = 10,000 mg/m3

LD50 Rat oral rat 200 mg/kg

LC50 Rat inhalation rat 10 g/cu m (duration unspecified)

LC50 Mouse inhalation 13500 mg/cu m (Duration of exposure unspecified)

LD50 Mouse iv 1200 mg/kg

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist respirations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Activated charcoal is not effective ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic acids and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organic acids and related compounds/

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ To elucidate the possible role of biotransformation in 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa)-induced cardiotoxicity, the biotransformation of HFC-245fa was investigated in rats after inhalation exposure and in rat and human liver microsomes. ... In rat and human liver microsomes, HFC-245fa was biotransformed by a cytochrome P450-dependent reaction to trifluoroacetic acid and 3,3,3-trifluoropropanoic acid. ... In human liver microsomes, rates of trifluoroacetic acid formation ranged from 0 to 11.6 pmol/mg of protein/min.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... Male Fischer 344 rats were exposed to 1.0, 0.1, and 0.01% 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1-trifluorethane (HCFC-123) by inhalation. Parent compound was measured in blood, fat, and exhaled breath and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was measured in blood and urine. ... Laboratory experiments showed that the TFA blood concentration during the 1.0% exposure was more than 50% less than the TFA blood concentration during the 0.1% exposure. After cessation of the 4-hr exposure, TFA blood concentrations from the 1.0% exposure rebounded and peaked between 12 and 26 hr after the exposure at about the same concentration as the 0.1% peak. This rebound phenomenon suggested that it was not killing of the metabolic enzymes but substrate inhibition that made the TFA blood concentrations lower than expected ...

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ ... Halothane or its oxidative metabolite trifluoroacetic acid (TFAA) were given to Sprague-Dawley rats on gestational days 10-20. Halothane was administered by inhalation at concentration of 50 or 500 ppm 6 hr/d, and TFAA was administered by gavage at doses of 75 or 150 mg/kg per day. The exposed offsprings were examined on postnatal days 3, 12 or 49 for hepatic and renal biochemistry and/or function through measurements of several serum and urinary parameters. Neither halothane nor TFAA treatments had statistically significant effect on litter size, neonatal survival or postnatal growth. Both prenatal halothane and TFAA exposure produced changes in liver biochemistry of newborns, as indicated by significant increases in the serum activities of glutamate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase. In addition, TFAA caused a functional deficit of the proximal tubule in newborns, as evidenced by the significant increase in the urinary excretion of beta 2-microglobulin. However, these hepatic and renal alterations were restricted to the early postnatal period and were no longer observed by postnatal day 49 ... .

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ Trifluoroethanol (TFE) and trifluoroacetaldehyde (TFALD) produced a reduction in /rat/ testis weight 3 days after a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg. In contrast, administration of trifluoroacetic acid (TFAA) caused no observable testicular effects. Reduction in testis weight was accompanied by morphological changes, involving specific damage to pachytene and dividing spermatocytes, and round spermatids. ...

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ Mice in late stage of gestation were exposed to halothane at various concentrations for 1 hr, and were killed at different time intervals after discontinuance of inhalation. ... Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and bromide, formed mainly by maternal metabolism of halothane, accumulated in fetus and amniotic fluid with time, and reached plateau levels in amniotic fluid between 4 and 24 hr. TFA infused intravenously to the mother reached higher levels in amniotic fluid after long survival times, than in maternal plasma. Equilibrium dialysis experiments showed that TFA and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) ... were bound to amniotic fluid macromolecules only to approximately 20-30 percent. This was at the same magnitude (or lower) as compared to binding in maternal plasma, suggesting that such binding did not contribute to the observed retention in the amniotic fluid.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for TRIFLUOROACETIC ACID (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

Trifluoroacetic acid's production and use in organic synthesis may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. The primary source of trifluoroacetic acid in the environment is believed to be through the atmospheric oxidation of the CFC-replacement gases, HCFC-123 and HFC-134a. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 110 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates trifluoroacetic acid will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase trifluoroacetic acid will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 31 days. Trifluoroacetic acid does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, trifluoroacetic acid is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 3. The pKa of trifluoroacetic acid is 0.52, indicating that this compound will primarily exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process as anions do not volatilize. Trifluoroacetic acid may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Certain oxic conditions do suggest that biodegradation is possible in soil; however, one of the products of degradation is fluoroform, a potential ozone-depleting compound with much longer atmospheric persistence than the parent compound. If released into water, trifluoroacetic acid is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Trifluoroacetic acid was not biodegraded during a year-long study using laboratory aquatic microcosms and ecosystem sediment-water systems. A pKa of 0.52 indicates trifluoroacetic acid will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to trifluoroacetic acid may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where trifluoroacetic acid is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to trifluoroacetic acid via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water. (SRC)

Trifluoroacetic acid's production and use in organic synthesis(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that trifluoroacetic acid is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of trifluoroacetic acid is 0.52(3), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization of trifluoroacetic acid from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process as anions do not volatilize(SRC). Trifluoroacetic acid is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 110 mm Hg(5). Certain oxic conditions do suggest that biodegradation is possible in soil; however, one of the products of degradation is fluoroform, a potential ozone-depleting compound with much longer atmospheric persistence than the parent compound(6).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: In a throughput study at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire, the fate of trifluoroacetic acid within northern hardwood forest soils is suggested as follows: loss via soil water flow, 40-80%; soil retention, 5-30%; and plant uptake, 50-35%. These results indicate that transport of this compound is controlled primarily by hydrologic processes in upland forest ecosystems(1).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that trifluoroacetic acid is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). A pKa of 0.52(3) indicates trifluoroacetic acid will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 0.50(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Trifluoroacetic acid was not biodegraded during a year-long study using laboratory aquatic microcosms and ecosystem sediment-water systems(8). Certain oxic conditions do suggest that biodegradation is possible in soil; trifluoroacetic acid degraded 9, 2.4, 1.9 and 25.5%, respectively, O2 as electron acceptor(9).

AQUATIC FATE: Trifluoroacetic acid is extremely persistent in water, showing no degradation during a year-long study using field aquatic microcosms and ecosystem sediment-water systems(1). Observations of the field ponds showed a reduction of trifluoroacetic acid over the winter months with levels rising again toward spring. Reaction with hydroxyl radicals in water is slow, with an estimated half-life of over 100 years(1). Trifluoroacetic acid was added to aquatic microcosms at concentrations of 10, 100, 300 and 1000 ug/L; a concentration of 20 ug/mL was added to laboratory sediment microcosms(1).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), trifluoroacetic acid, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 110 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase trifluoroacetic acid is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 31 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.2X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Trifluoroacetic acid does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4).

AEROBIC: Trifluoroacetic acid was not biodegraded during a year-long study using laboratory aquatic microcosms and ecosystem sediment-water systems(1). Trifluoroacetic acid was not biodegraded by soil microorganisms, specifically Nocardia 398 and Pseudomonas 409, following 20 days incubation at a compound concentration of 0.1% in a 1 liter basal salts medium(2). Certain oxic conditions do suggest that biodegradation is possible in soil; trifluoroacetic acid at concns (incubation time, days) of 0.925 (27), 0.463 (27), 0.463 (15), and 0.185 (15) degraded 9, 2.4, 1.9 and 25.5%, respectively, with O2 as electron acceptor(3). One of the products of degradation is fluoroform, a potential ozone-depleting compound with much longer atmospheric persistence than the parent compound(3).

ANAEROBIC: Trifluoroacetic acid, concentration load ranging from 15 to 65 mg/L as fluoride, was found to be cometabolically degradable at low loading conditions using an engineered anaerobic reactor, set at a flow-rate of 9.5 L/day and a hydraulic retention time of 20 days pH of 7.2 and maintained at 35 °C, and following 90 weeks incubation(1). Using sediments from a San Francisco Bay salt marsh and a freshwater lake, 2-C14-labelled trifluoroacetic acid at starting concentrations in uM (incubation time, days) of 0.925 (27), 0.463 (27), 0.463 (15) and 0.185 (15), resulted in 0% conversion after 15 days with NO3 electron acceptor; starting concentrations in uM of 1.850 (12), 0.925 (18) and 0.463 (18) degraded 0, 0.1 and 12.2%, respectively, with SO4 as electron acceptor(2). Under anoxic conditions, one of the observed intermediates was monofluoroacetate, sold commercially as the poison "1080", which is highly toxic to microorganisms and mammals(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of trifluoroacetic acid with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.2X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 31 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Trifluoroacetic acid is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). Trifluoroacetic acid does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(3).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for trifluoroacetic acid(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 0.50(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of trifluoroacetic acid can be estimated to be 3(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that trifluoroacetic acid is expected to have very high mobility in soil. The pKa of trifluoroacetic acid is 0.52(3), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). In a throughput study at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire, calculated outflows of trifluoroacetic acid from the organic layers were 57% of the total added concentration of 0.81 g/sq m(5). Thirty-five soils ranging from acrtic (Toolik Lake) and boreal (Bonanza Creek) sites in Alaska to a tropical rain forest in Puerto Rico (Luquillo) as well as soils from Lake Agissaz Peatlands, MN, near Found Lake, WI, Lysina and Pluhuv Bor, Czech Republic, Manaus, Balem, a Brazilian carton in Brazil, and the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, were utilized to ascertain the fate of trifluoroacetic acid(6). Retention ranged from 25 to 260 umol/kg (60-0% of added trifluoroacetic acid) with 43 of 54 soils not retaining this compound strongly; soils with high organic matter and some mineral soils with high iron and aluminum content exhibited strong retention (20-60% of added trifluoroacetic acid); generally though, mineral soils exhibited less retention (0-15% of added trifluoroacetic acid)(6). The retention of trifluoroacetic acid increased with decreasing pH(6).

Trifluoroacetic acid adsorption parameters(1). [Table#7184]

A pKa of 0.52(1) indicates trifluoroacetic acid will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9(2) and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process. Trifluoroacetic acid is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 110 mm Hg(3).

Average trifluoroacetic acid concentrations measured in Switzerland, 1996-1997(1). [Table#7186]

GROUNDWATER: Trifluoroacetic acid levels in spring waters of a young age were in the same range as surface waters. Groundwater samples of known old age, determined by radioisotope analyses, from the Antonien Quelle and Thueringer Wald Quelle, Bayreuth Germany, contained very low levels of the compound, generally less than 1%(1). The Bayern Quells and Rennsteig Quelle with young water content of 10 and 15%, respectively, had trifluoroacetic acid levels of 13 and 25 ng/L, respectively(1).

DRINKING WATER: Trifluoroacetic acid concentrations in drinking water originating from Lake Ontario for Hamilton and Burlington, Ontario, Canada were 183 and 120 ng/L, respectively(1).

SURFACE WATER: Trifluoroacetic acid concentrations in Canadian lakes, 1997(1). [Table#7187]

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

Trifluoroacetic acid's production and use in organic synthesis may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. The primary source of trifluoroacetic acid in the environment is believed to be through the atmospheric oxidation of the CFC-replacement gases, HCFC-123 and HFC-134a. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 110 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates trifluoroacetic acid will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase trifluoroacetic acid will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 31 days. Trifluoroacetic acid does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, trifluoroacetic acid is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 3. The pKa of trifluoroacetic acid is 0.52, indicating that this compound will primarily exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process as anions do not volatilize. Trifluoroacetic acid may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Certain oxic conditions do suggest that biodegradation is possible in soil; however, one of the products of degradation is fluoroform, a potential ozone-depleting compound with much longer atmospheric persistence than the parent compound. If released into water, trifluoroacetic acid is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Trifluoroacetic acid was not biodegraded during a year-long study using laboratory aquatic microcosms and ecosystem sediment-water systems. A pKa of 0.52 indicates trifluoroacetic acid will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to trifluoroacetic acid may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where trifluoroacetic acid is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to trifluoroacetic acid via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water. (SRC)

Trifluoroacetic acid's production and use in organic synthesis(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that trifluoroacetic acid is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of trifluoroacetic acid is 0.52(3), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization of trifluoroacetic acid from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process as anions do not volatilize(SRC). Trifluoroacetic acid is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 110 mm Hg(5). Certain oxic conditions do suggest that biodegradation is possible in soil; however, one of the products of degradation is fluoroform, a potential ozone-depleting compound with much longer atmospheric persistence than the parent compound(6).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: In a throughput study at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire, the fate of trifluoroacetic acid within northern hardwood forest soils is suggested as follows: loss via soil water flow, 40-80%; soil retention, 5-30%; and plant uptake, 50-35%. These results indicate that transport of this compound is controlled primarily by hydrologic processes in upland forest ecosystems(1).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that trifluoroacetic acid is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). A pKa of 0.52(3) indicates trifluoroacetic acid will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 0.50(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Trifluoroacetic acid was not biodegraded during a year-long study using laboratory aquatic microcosms and ecosystem sediment-water systems(8). Certain oxic conditions do suggest that biodegradation is possible in soil; trifluoroacetic acid degraded 9, 2.4, 1.9 and 25.5%, respectively, O2 as electron acceptor(9).

AQUATIC FATE: Trifluoroacetic acid is extremely persistent in water, showing no degradation during a year-long study using field aquatic microcosms and ecosystem sediment-water systems(1). Observations of the field ponds showed a reduction of trifluoroacetic acid over the winter months with levels rising again toward spring. Reaction with hydroxyl radicals in water is slow, with an estimated half-life of over 100 years(1). Trifluoroacetic acid was added to aquatic microcosms at concentrations of 10, 100, 300 and 1000 ug/L; a concentration of 20 ug/mL was added to laboratory sediment microcosms(1).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), trifluoroacetic acid, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 110 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase trifluoroacetic acid is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 31 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.2X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Trifluoroacetic acid does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4).

AEROBIC: Trifluoroacetic acid was not biodegraded during a year-long study using laboratory aquatic microcosms and ecosystem sediment-water systems(1). Trifluoroacetic acid was not biodegraded by soil microorganisms, specifically Nocardia 398 and Pseudomonas 409, following 20 days incubation at a compound concentration of 0.1% in a 1 liter basal salts medium(2). Certain oxic conditions do suggest that biodegradation is possible in soil; trifluoroacetic acid at concns (incubation time, days) of 0.925 (27), 0.463 (27), 0.463 (15), and 0.185 (15) degraded 9, 2.4, 1.9 and 25.5%, respectively, with O2 as electron acceptor(3). One of the products of degradation is fluoroform, a potential ozone-depleting compound with much longer atmospheric persistence than the parent compound(3).

ANAEROBIC: Trifluoroacetic acid, concentration load ranging from 15 to 65 mg/L as fluoride, was found to be cometabolically degradable at low loading conditions using an engineered anaerobic reactor, set at a flow-rate of 9.5 L/day and a hydraulic retention time of 20 days pH of 7.2 and maintained at 35 °C, and following 90 weeks incubation(1). Using sediments from a San Francisco Bay salt marsh and a freshwater lake, 2-C14-labelled trifluoroacetic acid at starting concentrations in uM (incubation time, days) of 0.925 (27), 0.463 (27), 0.463 (15) and 0.185 (15), resulted in 0% conversion after 15 days with NO3 electron acceptor; starting concentrations in uM of 1.850 (12), 0.925 (18) and 0.463 (18) degraded 0, 0.1 and 12.2%, respectively, with SO4 as electron acceptor(2). Under anoxic conditions, one of the observed intermediates was monofluoroacetate, sold commercially as the poison "1080", which is highly toxic to microorganisms and mammals(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of trifluoroacetic acid with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.2X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 31 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Trifluoroacetic acid is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). Trifluoroacetic acid does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(3).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for trifluoroacetic acid(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 0.50(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of trifluoroacetic acid can be estimated to be 3(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that trifluoroacetic acid is expected to have very high mobility in soil. The pKa of trifluoroacetic acid is 0.52(3), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). In a throughput study at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire, calculated outflows of trifluoroacetic acid from the organic layers were 57% of the total added concentration of 0.81 g/sq m(5). Thirty-five soils ranging from acrtic (Toolik Lake) and boreal (Bonanza Creek) sites in Alaska to a tropical rain forest in Puerto Rico (Luquillo) as well as soils from Lake Agissaz Peatlands, MN, near Found Lake, WI, Lysina and Pluhuv Bor, Czech Republic, Manaus, Balem, a Brazilian carton in Brazil, and the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, were utilized to ascertain the fate of trifluoroacetic acid(6). Retention ranged from 25 to 260 umol/kg (60-0% of added trifluoroacetic acid) with 43 of 54 soils not retaining this compound strongly; soils with high organic matter and some mineral soils with high iron and aluminum content exhibited strong retention (20-60% of added trifluoroacetic acid); generally though, mineral soils exhibited less retention (0-15% of added trifluoroacetic acid)(6). The retention of trifluoroacetic acid increased with decreasing pH(6).

Trifluoroacetic acid adsorption parameters(1). [Table#7184]

A pKa of 0.52(1) indicates trifluoroacetic acid will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9(2) and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process. Trifluoroacetic acid is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 110 mm Hg(3).

Average trifluoroacetic acid concentrations measured in Switzerland, 1996-1997(1). [Table#7186]

GROUNDWATER: Trifluoroacetic acid levels in spring waters of a young age were in the same range as surface waters. Groundwater samples of known old age, determined by radioisotope analyses, from the Antonien Quelle and Thueringer Wald Quelle, Bayreuth Germany, contained very low levels of the compound, generally less than 1%(1). The Bayern Quells and Rennsteig Quelle with young water content of 10 and 15%, respectively, had trifluoroacetic acid levels of 13 and 25 ng/L, respectively(1).

DRINKING WATER: Trifluoroacetic acid concentrations in drinking water originating from Lake Ontario for Hamilton and Burlington, Ontario, Canada were 183 and 120 ng/L, respectively(1).

SURFACE WATER: Trifluoroacetic acid concentrations in Canadian lakes, 1997(1). [Table#7187]

For more Environmental Water Concentrations (Complete) data for TRIFLUOROACETIC ACID (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Data suggest that the total trifluoroacetic acid in air and precipitation exceeds the formation potential of currently known sources. Trifluoroacetic acid in atmosphere and rain is regionally associated with industrial or population density and that other unresolved sources must contribute to the present concentrations(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Average trifluoroacetic acid concentration in air samples collected from Bayreuth, Germany from March 1995 to September 1996 was 44 pg/cu m with a range of 10 to 126 pg/cu m(1).

The primary source of trifluoroacetic acid in the environment is believed to be through the atmospheric oxidation of the CFC-replacement gases, HCFC-123 and HFC-134a(2). Trifluoroacetic acid is formed as an important breakdown product by atmospheric degradation of chlorofluorocarbons replacement compounds(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 8,046 workers (1,731 of these are female) are potentially exposed to trifluoroacetic acid in the US(1). Occupational exposure to trifluoroacetic acid may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where trifluoroacetic acid is produced or used(SRC). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to trifluoroacetic acid via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water(SRC).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for TRIFLUOROACETIC ACID (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN2699[U.S. Department of Transportation. 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guide book for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/Hazardous Materials Incident. Washington, D.C. 2004]

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Corrosive

Unbreakable packaging. Put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Note: B

Symbol: C; R: 20-35-52/53; S: (1/2)-9-26-27-28-45-61

UN Hazard Class: 8; UN Pack Group: I