Cfc 113

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 2.4% (5 of 206) of reports.

H319 (70.4%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H411 (93.2%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

H420 (32%): Harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere [Warning Hazardous to the ozone layer]

P264+P265, P273, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P317, P391, P501, and P502 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 206 reports by companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 5 of 206 reports by companies.

There are 8 notifications provided by 201 of 206 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

H420: Harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere [Warning Hazardous to the ozone layer]

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P319, P321, P337+P317, P403+P233, P405, P501, and P502 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P273, P501, and P502 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P319, P321, P337+P317, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P304+P340, P319, P332+P317, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Volatile chemicals have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Fire Extinguishing Agents: Extinguish fires with material appropriate to the surrounding materials. (USCG, 1999)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Firefighters should wear self-contained, NIOSH-approved breathing apparatus for protection against suffocation and possible toxic decomposition products. Proper eye and skin protection should be provided. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool and to knock down vapors which may result from product decomposition.

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

/During fire fighting wear/ self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Always wear recommended personal protective equipment. Immediately evacuate the area and provide maximum ventilation. Try to eliminate all ignition sources. Unprotected personnel should move upwind from spill. Only personnel equipped with proper respiratory and eye/skin protection should be permitted in the area. Dike area to contain the spill. Take precautions as necessary to prevent contamination of ground and surface waters. For large spills, pump material into appropriate containers. For small spills, recover or absorb spilled material using an absorbent designed for chemical spills such as Hazsorb pillows. Place used absorbents into closed DOT approved containers for disposal. After all visible traces have been removed, thoroughly wet vacuum the area. DO NOT flush into sewer. If the area of the spill is porous, removal of contaminated earth/surface may be required.

If ... spilled or leaked, the following steps should be taken: 1. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 2. Collect for reclamation or absorb in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or similar material.

Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus. Do not let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number F002, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

Incineration, preferably after mixing with ... combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Skin that becomes contaminated with liquid 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane should be immediately washed or showered with soap or mild detergent and water.

Sufficient exhaust & general ventilation should be provided to keep vapor concn below recommended levels. /Fluorocarbons/

Many of the fluorocarbons are good solvents of skin oil, so protective ointment should be used. /Fluorocarbons/

Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1,1,2-TRICHLORO-1,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHANE (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with alcohol followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical under freezer conditions, and keep it away from all oxidizing materials. (NTP, 1992)

Separated from metals and alloys. See Chemical Dangers. Cool. Ventilation along the floor.

Keep container closed when not in use. DO NOT store in open, unlabeled or mislabeled containers. Store in a cool, well- ventilated area of low fire risk. Protect container and its fittings from physical damage. Storage in subsurface locations should be avoided. Close valve tightly after use and when empty. If container temperature exceeds boiling point, cool the container before opening.

Separated from metals and alloys. ... Cool. Ventilation along the floor.

500.0 [ppm]

1000 ppm (7600 mg/m³)

1250 ppm (9500 mg/m³)

TWA 1000 ppm (7600 mg/m3) ST 1250 ppm (9500 mg/m3)

1000.0 [ppm]

TWA 1000 ppm (7600 mg/m3) See Appendix G

2000 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

2000.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Human data: Human volunteers exposed to 2,500 ppm had subjective symptoms of diminished concentration, somnolence, and head heaviness within 30 minutes of initiation of exposure and slight but definite further significant decrements at exposures for 2.75 hours at 4,500 ppm [Stopps and McLaughlin 1967]. No adverse changes were noted in volunteers exposed to 500 or 1,000 ppm for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 2 weeks [Reinhardt et al. 1971].

2000 ppm

See: 76131

1250.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 1000 ppm; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 1250 ppm

A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

1000 ppm as TWA; 1250 ppm as STEL; A4 (not classifiable as a human carcinogen).

1000 ppm [1992]

1250 ppm [1992]

3900 mg/m

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer was designed to reduce the production and consumption of ozone depleting substances in order to reduce their abundance in the atmosphere, and thereby protect the earth's fragile ozone Layer. The original Montreal Protocol was agreed on 16 September 1987 and entered into force on 1 January 1989. The Montreal Protocol includes a unique adjustment provision that enables the Parties to the Protocol to respond quickly to new scientific information and agree to accelerate the reductions required on chemicals already covered by the Protocol. These adjustments are then automatically applicable to all countries that ratified the Protocol. Since its initial adoption, the Montreal Protocol has been adjusted five times. Specifically, the Second, Fourth, Seventh, Ninth, Eleventh and Nineteenth Meetings of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol adopted, in accordance with the procedure laid down in paragraph 9 of Article 2 of the Montreal Protocol, certain adjustments and reductions of production and consumption of the controlled substances listed in the Annexes of the Protocol. These adjustments entered into force, for all the Parties, on 7 March 1991, 23 September 1993, 5 August 1996, 4 June 1998, 28 July 2000 and 14 May 2008, respectively. In addition to adjusting the Protocol, the Parties to the Montreal Protocol have amended the Protocol to enable, among other things, the control of new chemicals and the creation of a financial mechanism to enable developing countries to comply. Specifically, the Second, Fourth, Ninth and Eleventh Meetings of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol adopted, in accordance with the procedure laid down in paragraph 4 of Article 9 of the Vienna Convention, four Amendments to the Protocol - the London Amendment (1990), the Copenhagen Amendment (1992), the Montreal Amendment (1997) and the Beijing Amendment (1999). Unlike adjustments to the Protocol, amendments must be ratified by countries before their requirements are applicable to those countries. The London, Copenhagen, Montreal and Beijing Amendments entered into force on 10 August 1992, 14 June 1994, 10 November 1999 and 25 February 2002, respectively, only for those Parties which ratified the particular amendments. In addition to adjustments and amendments to the Montreal Protocol, the Parties to the Protocol meet annually and take a variety of decisions aimed at enabling effective implementation of this important legal instrument. Through the 22nd Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol, the Parties have taken over 720 decisions.

On loss of containment this substance can cause suffocation by lowering the oxygen content of the air in confined areas.

The substance is irritating to the eyes. The substance may cause effects on the cardiovascular system and central nervous system. This may result in cardiac disorders and central nervous system depression. Exposure could cause lowering of consciousness.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift. (NIOSH, 2024)

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Use protective, impervious gloves such as PVA or neoprene. Also, use full protective clothing if there is prolonged or repeated contact of liquid with skin.

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for 1,1,2-TRICHLORO-1,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHANE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

NIOSH/OSHA

Up to 2000 ppm:

(APF = 10) Any supplied-air respirator

(APF = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece

Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions:

(APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode

(APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus

1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is a colorless liquid with a sweet, ether-like odor. Sinks in water. (USCG, 1999)

Liquid; CBI

Colorless to water-white liquid with an odor like carbon tetrachloride at high concentrations. [Note: A gas above 118 degrees F.]; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS VOLATILE LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless to water-white liquid with an odor like carbon tetrachloride at high concentrations.

Colorless to water-white liquid with an odor like carbon tetrachloride at high concentrations. [Note: A gas above 118 °F.]

Colorless gas

Volatile liquid

Colorless to water-white liquid ... [Note: A gas above 118 degrees F]

Clear, dense, colorless liquid

Nearly odorless

Odor like carbon tetrachloride at high concentrations

Faint solvent odor

117.9 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

-33.5 °F (NTP, 1992)

-36.22 °C

-33.5 °F

Insoluble (NTP, 1992)

In water, 170 mg/L at 25 °C

Soluble in ethanol; miscible with ethyl ether and benzene

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 0.02

(77 °F): 0.02%

1.5635 at 77 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.5635 g/cu cm at 25 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.56

(77 °F): 1.56

6.5 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 6.5

284 mmHg at 77 °F (NTP, 1992)

363.0 [mmHg]

363 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 36

285 mmHg

log Kow = 3.16

1256 °F (NTP, 1992)

Decomposes on contact with hot surfaces or flames. This produces toxic and corrosive gases of hydrogen chloride, phosgene, hydrogen fluoride and carbonyl fluoride. Reacts violently with powdered metals. This generates fire and explosion hazard. Attacks magnesium and its alloys.

Under certain conditions, /chlorofluorocarbon/ vapors may decompose on contact with flames or hot surfaces, creating the potential hazard of inhalation of toxic decomposition products. /Chlorofluorocarbon/

The appearance of toxic decomposition products serves as warning of the occurrence of thermal decompositon and detection of a sharp acrid odor warns of the presence of these products. /Fluorocarbons/

0.497 mPa.s at 48.9 °C (liquid); 0.0108 mPa.s at 49 °C (gas)

... 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings.

Insoluble in water.

Fluorinated Organic Compounds

1,1,2-TRICHLORO-1,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHANE yields violent reactions with Al, Ba, Li, Sm, Na/K alloy and Ti (NTP, 1992). May react exothermically with aluminum.

Mixtures /of aluminum/ with fluorotrichloroethane and with trichlorotrifluoroethane will flash or spark on heavy impact.

Finely divided barium, slurried with trichlorotrifluoroethane, exploded during transfer owing to frictional initiation. Granular barium in contact with ... 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane ... is susceptible to detonation.

Mixtures of lithium shavings and several halocarbons are impact sensitive and will explode, sometimes violently. Such materials include: ... 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane. ...

Mixture of powdered titanium and trichloroethylene or 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane flash or spark under heavy impact.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for 1,1,2-TRICHLORO-1,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Chemically-active metals such as calcium, powdered aluminum, zinc, magnesium & beryllium [Note: Decomposes if in contact with alloys containing >2% magnesium.]

1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113)

3 x 10 ^1 mg/kg-day

1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-Trifluoroethane

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Irregular heartbeat. Confusion. Drowsiness. Unconsciousness.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

irritation skin, throat, drowsiness, dermatitis; central nervous system depression; In Animals: cardiac arrhythmias, narcosis

Skin, heart, central nervous system, cardiovascular system

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane

5 mg/m^3

5 x 10^1 mg/m^3

PDF Document

Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential

PPRTV Current

IRIS Current

HEAST Archive

LC50 (rat) = 38,500 ppm/4H

LD50 Rat oral 43 g/kg

The interaction of Freon 113 and hypoxia on the heart conduction system was investigated by using the isolated perfused hearts from Wistar rats. The mean preexposure heart rate was 214.8 beats per minute and the mean preexposure atrioventricular conduction time (PQ interval was 42.9 milliseconds. Freon 113 alone elicited significant change to control levels in heart rate which was enhanced by the coadministration of hypoxia. An enhanced delayed PQ interval was noted following coadministration of Freon 113 and hypoxia, although significant PQ interval changes were noted with Freon 113 alone or with hypoxia alone. In the coadministration group, a 2:1 atrioventricular block was elicited in two of four hearts. It was suggested that in occupational deaths among Freon 113 workers, there may be complex interactions between hypoxia, enhanced cardiac sensitivity to circulating epinephrine, and direct alterations of cardiac muscle cell membrane potentials which result in arrhythmias following Freon 113 exposures.

In studies of cardiac sensitization with conscious dogs exposed at 5000 ppm for 5 minutes in conjuction with intravenous epinephrine, 10 of 29 showed serious arrhythmia...If exposures were increased to 0.5 to 6 hours at 2000 to 2500 ppm and accompanied by intravenous epinephrine, arrhythmia occasionally occurred; however, 1000 ppm failed to elicit arrhythmia, even after four successive 6-hour exposures. Endogenous epinephrine produced by fright was insufficient to cause arrythmia at 12,000 ppm. At concentrations > 25,000 ppm, tachycardia, hypotension, or myocardial depression developed in dogs, monkeys, or rats exposed under anesthesia or various experimental conditions.

Victims of freon inhalation require management for hypoxic, CNS anesthetic, & cardiac symptoms. Patients must be removed from the exposure environment, & high flow supplemental oxygen should be utilized. The respiratory system should be evaluated for injury, aspiration, or pulmonary edema & treated appropriately. CNS findings should be treated supportively. A calm environment with no physical exertion is imperative to avoid increasing endogenous adrenegic levels. Exogenous adrenergic drugs must not be used to avoid inducing sensitized myocardial dysrhythmias. Atropine is ineffective in treating bradyarrhythmias. For ventricular dysrhythmias, diphenylhydantoin & countershock may be effective. Cryogenic dermal injuries should be treated by water bath rewarming at 40-42 °C until vasodilatory flush has returned. Elevation of the limb & standard frostbite management with late surgical debridement should be utilized. Ocular exposure requires irrigation & slit lamp evaluation for injury. /Freons/

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Chlorinated fluorocarbons (CFCs) and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations as needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Minimize physical activity and provide a quiet atmosphere. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. Rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Treat frostbite with rapid rewarming techniques ... . /Chlorinated fluorocarbons (CFCs) and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia,administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Chlorinated fluorocarbons (CFCs) and related compounds/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for 1,1,2-TRICHLORO-1,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Employees should be screened for history of certain medical conditions (listed below) which might place the employee at increased risk from ... exposure. ... 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is a defatting agent and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure. Persons with existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of this agent. ... In persons with impaired cardiovascular function, especially those with a history of cardiac arrhythmias, the breathing of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane might cause exacerbation of symptoms due to its sensitizing properties. ... Any employee developing the above-listed conditions should be referred for further medical examination.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ The exposure of human volunteers to CFC-113 indicates that the threshold concentration for impairment of psychomotor performance (loss of ability to concentrate, mild lethargy) is about 2500 ppm. Daily 6-hour exposures at 500 or 1000 ppm, 5 days/week for 2 weeks yielded no subjective complaints except mild throat irritation only on the first day. No adverse changes were seen in performance of complex psychomotor tasks, eletrocardiographic or clinical status, or results of biochemical tests...Fifty fluorocarbon workers with an average exposure of some 6 hours/day for a period exceeding 2 years showed no evidence of of adverse effects from an enviornment containing 46 to 4700 ppm (median = 435 ppm ; mean = 699ppm); the only subjective complaint recorded was dry skin.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Ten women & three men were occupationally exposed to 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane. Evaluation of clinical chem parameters showed no indication of solvent-caused adverse effects.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Psychomotor performance was evaluated using CFC-113 at concentrations of 0.15% (12 g/cu m), 0.25% (19 g/cu m), 0.35% (27 g/cu m) or 0.45% (35 g/cu m) for 165 min. There was no effect at the lowest concentration, but there was difficulty in mental concentration and some decrease in test scores beginning at 0.35% (27 g/cu m).

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ /Investigators/ investigated the cardiotoxic effects of 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2- Trifluoroethane (fluorocarbon 113 or FC113) exposures among healthy workers cleaning rocket and ground support equipment for the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) programs. Exposure and ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring data were evaluated on 16 workers, each of whom was examined on exposed and nonexposed workdays. /Investigators/examined whether there was a greater rate of dysrhythmias on an exposed workday relative to a nonexposed workday. Overall, /investigators/ found no within subject differences in the rate of ventricular and supraventricular premature beats (number per 1,000 heart beats), fluctuations in the length of the P-R interval, or heart rate. /Investigators/ found that levels of FC113 exposures below the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 8-hour time-weighted-average (TWA) standard of 1,000 ppm did not induce cardiac dysrhythmias or subtle changes in cardiac activity...

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1,1,2-TRICHLORO-1,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHANE (19 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Guinea pigs exposed ... for periods of 5 minutes to 2 hours showed increasing signs of irritation and /CNS depression/; nasal irritation was apparent in 5 minutes at 25000 ppm, and loss of coordination at 50000 ppm after 30 minutes; deaths occurred after 1 hour at this level.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... Acute inhalation studies of rats to the vapor for 6 hours showed pulmonary changes around levels of 30000 ppm, but no mortality until levels around 87000 ppm.

6.70e+03

2.80e+04

5.20e+03

2.20e+04

1.00e+04

4.0E+03(G)

2.60e+01

3.00e+01

5.00e+00

Volatile

9.10e+02

2.00e+04

8.40e+04

1.60e+04

6.60e+04

3.10e+04

4.0E+03 (G)

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. Avoid release to the environment because of its impact on the ozone layer.

1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane's production and use as a chemical intermediate may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Former US uses as a dry-cleaning solvent, blowing agent, solvent drying, drying electronic parts and precision equipment production and in fire extinguishers resulted in its direct release to the environment. 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane was expected to be phased out by 1996 in developed countries and by 2006-2015 in developing countries. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 363 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is essentially inert to reaction with photochemically generated radicals and ozone molecules. As a result of its long half-life, a substantial fraction of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane will slowly diffuse to the stratosphere. Once in the upper stratosphere, it is dissociated through photolysis, reaction with hydroxyl radical and excited atomic oxygen resulting in the release of chlorine. These chlorine atoms then become part of a catalytic process that contributes to the destruction of the ozone layer. If released to soil, 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is expected to have low mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 552. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.26X10-1 atm-cu m/mole. 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0-5% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil or water. However, 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane may biodegrade in soils under anaerobic conditions. If released into water, 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1 hour and 5 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 11-86 suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane may have occurred through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane was produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane via inhalation of ambient air and ingestion of drinking water. (SRC)

1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane's production and use as a chemical intermediate(1) and former US uses as a dry-cleaning solvent, blowing agent, solvent drying, drying electronic parts and precision equipment production(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its former US use in fire extinguishers(1) resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC). Fully halogenated chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) such as 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane were scheduled for production phase-out in 1987 by the Montreal Protocol(2). Although originally scheduled for 50% production phase-out by the year 2000 in developed countries, the worsening ozone depletion has forced acceleration of the CFC phase-out(2). 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is expected to be phased out by 1996 in developed countries and by 2006-2015 in developing countries(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 552(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.16(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.26X10-1 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 363 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 170 mg/L(5). 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0-5% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(6) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane was degraded under anaerobic landfill conditions using an anoxic landfill leachate microcosm(7), suggesting this compound may biodegrade in soils under anaerobic conditions(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 552(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.16(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.26X10-1 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 363 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 170 mg/L(6). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1 hour and 5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(7), BCF's of 11-68(8) suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate(SRC). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0-5% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(8) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, which has a vapor pressure of 363 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor. 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is extremely stable in the troposphere, being essentially inert to reaction with photochemically generated radicals and ozone molecules in the troposphere(3). As a result of its long half-life, a substantial fraction of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trdifluoroethane will slowly diffuse to the stratosphere. Once in the upper stratosphere, it is dissociated through photolysis, reaction with hydroxyl radical and excited atomic oxygen resulting in the release of chlorine. These chlorine atoms then become part of a catalytic process that contributes to the destruction of the ozone layer(4).

AEROBIC: 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, present at 100 mg/L, reached 0-5% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L and the Japanese MITI test(1).

ANAEROBIC: 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, present at 0.0062 mg/L, was 8, 20, and 18% transformed along 3 well sampling sites for the period between 1450 and 1550 hrs after commencing biostimulation through the addition of acetate in the contaminated shallow sand and gravel aquifer at the Moffett Field Naval Air Station in Mountain view, CA(1). This compound appears to be persistent in groundwater and biotransforms to a very toxic vinyl chloride analogue(2). The half-life of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane in an anoxic landfill leachate microcosm study was 5.3 days at 21 °C(2).

1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is essentially inert to reaction with photochemically generated radicals and ozone molecules in the troposphere(1,2). As a result of its long half-life, a substantial fraction of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trdifluoroethane will slowly diffuse to the stratosphere. Once in the upper stratosphere, it is dissociated through photolysis, reaction with hydroxyl radical and excited atomic oxygen resulting in the release of chlorine. These chlorine atoms then become part of a catalytic process that contributes to the destruction of the ozone layer(3). 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(4). The ozone depleting potential of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is 0.8 and the greenhouse warming potential is 1.24(5,6).

BCFs of 11-33 and 14-86 were measured for 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane at concentrations of 0.198 and 0.0198 mg/L, respectively(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these BCF values suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate.

The Koc of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is estimated as 552(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.16(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is expected to have low mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is estimated as 5.26X10-1 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 363 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 170 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 1 hour(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon its vapor pressure(1).

GROUNDWATER: 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane was detected in a small percentage of 2,948 groundwater samples collected from the continuous United States between 1985 and 1995 at concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 10 ug/L, median 0.5 ug/L in 3.1% of 406 wells in urban areas, and at a median concentration of 0.2 ug/L in 0.1% of 2,542 wells in rural areas(1). Trace amounts were detected in 6.3% of 320 groundwater samples in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, at concentrations ranging from 0.0001-0.19 mg/L(2). 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane was detected in samples from two monitoring wells in the Gloucester landfill in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada at concentrations of 2725 and 200 ug/L, and 903 and 234 ug/L in 1988 and 1989, respectively(3).

SURFACE WATER: 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane was detected in water samples taken from the Niagara River and Cayuhoga River(1); it was not detected in water samples taken from Lake Ontario(1).

SEAWATER: 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane was detected, not quantified in Antarctic surface seawater samples collected from October to mid-December, 1987(1). The concentrations of dissolved 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane in seawater from the northeast Atlantic Ocean, above the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (located at a depth of 13,000-15,000 feet near the southwestern Irish coast), on February 5, 1991 were 2.8 pMol/L at 0 debey pressure, 1.5 pMol/L at 100 debye, and 0.2 pMol/L at 1500 debye(2).

The annual emissions of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane were estimated at 100 million kg/yr, increasing exponentially at 5% per year from 1981 through 1988(1). The total evaporative losses (in percentages) of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane from cleaning and electronic maintenance operations at the Newark AFB, Ohio, was from spraying/flushing booths at 71%, ultrasonic cleaners at 21%, degreasers at 4.3%, and brushing/wiping and miscellaneous at a 1.7(2). 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane concentrations in samples from six municipal solid waste landfills in Hamburg, Germany ranged from not detected to 0.01 mg/kg(3). The range in landfill gas from seven U.K. municipal waste disposal sites was <0.5 to 74 mg/cu m(4).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane was detected in air samples collected throughout the U.S. between 1973 and 1980: rural/remote locations, 284 data points, median concentration 31 parts/trillion, mean concentration 28 parts/trillion; urban/suburban areas, 851 data points, median concentration 170 parts/trillion, mean concentration 220 parts/trillion(1). It was detected in "clean air" samples collected in central California May 1975, avg concentration 19.9 parts/trillion(2), and in air samples collected in the San Francisco area during winter 1975, 274 samples, 100% pos., average concentration 16.9 parts/trillion(3). Samples from Downey, CA (February 1984), Houston, TX (March 1984), Denver, CO (March 1984), San Jose, CA (April 1985, August 1985, and December 1985) contained mean concentrations of 118, 58, 41, 1256, 616, and 1211 parts per trillion, respectively(6). In a study conducted in the Aichi Prefecture, Japan, it was concluded that chlorofluorocarbon concns were generally higher in urban areas with more precision machine or metalworking industries than in rural areas(4). An average air concentration of 90 parts/trillion volume for 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane in 5 coastal samples from Teipei, Taiwan was uniform and close to northern hemispheric background level of 85 parts/trillion volume, suggesting emissions were of little importance(5).

RURAL/REMOTE: During 1978, the average concentration of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane in ambient air in the Northern and Southern hemispheres was 13 and 12 parts per trillion, respectively(1). Samples from the Aichi Prefecture, Japan sampled monthly from October 1990 to March 1991 had a mean concentration of 0.14 parts per billion(2). 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane surface level atmospheric concentrations in the mid-latitude northern hemisphere in Hokkaido, Japan slowly rose from 100 parts per trillion volume in 1979 to 150 parts per trillion volume in 1991(3). Concentrations in Antarctica during the same time period, while lower, showed the same linear increase(3). Mean concentrations from July 1984 to June 1989 at Cape Meares, OR; Ragged Point, Barbados; Cape Matatulaa, Samoa; Cape Grim, Tasmania; and archived air, Cape Grin were 53.1; 48.8; 46.2; 44.2; and 44.2 parts per trillion, respectively(4). Mean concentrations from July 1989 to June 1994 at Mace Head, Ireland; Ragged Point, Barbados; Cape Grim, Tasmania; and archived air, Cape Grim were 80.3; 78.5; 72.8; and 72.9 parts per trillion, respectively(4). 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane was detected, not quantified in Antarctic marine air samples collected from October to mid-December, 1987(5). The compound was detected, not quantified in air samples from the forest at Eggegebirge in North Rhine-Westfalia, Germany(6). Atmospheric concentrations were 0 and 0.07 ppb volume in 1960 and 1990, respectively(7).

SOURCE DOMINATED: 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane was detected between 1978 to 1982 in factory samples collected from various industries in Germany at a 1.5% detection frequency(1).

The World Meteorological Organization ... reported a current global annual emissions rate of about 91,000 metric tons.

For more Atmospheric Concentrations (Complete) data for 1,1,2-TRICHLORO-1,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHANE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Average 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane concentrations associated with various products(1).[Table#467]

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroehtane is 1000 or greater; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number F002, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

Incineration, preferably after mixing with ... combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.