Cfc 114

H280 (100%): Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]

H420 (33.3%): Harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere [Warning Hazardous to the ozone layer]

P410+P403, and P502 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 120 reports by companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H420: Harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere [Warning Hazardous to the ozone layer]

P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P304+P340, P308+P316, P319, P321, P403+P233, P405, P501, and P502 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]

P410+P403</a, and a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ghs/#P410+P403">P410+P403 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water, do NOT remove clothes. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

INHALATION: Remove to fresh air. If breathing has stopped, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.

EYES: Flush with water for at least 15 minutes.

SKIN: Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash affected areas with soap and water. (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· In case of contact with liquefied gas, only medical personnel should attempt thawing frosted parts.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Frostbite - If eye tissue is frozen, seek medical attention immediately; if tissue is not frozen, immediately and thoroughly flush the eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the lower and upper eyelids. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, get medical attention as soon as possible.

Skin: Frostbite - Compressed gases may create low temperatures when they expand rapidly. Leaks and uses that allow rapid expansion may cause a frostbite hazard. Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent the skin from becoming frozen.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:

Use extinguishing agent suitable for type of surrounding fire.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical or CO2.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. Some of these materials, if spilled, may evaporate leaving a flammable residue. (ERG, 2024)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

Firefighters should wear self-contained, NIOSH-approved breathing apparatus for protection against suffocation and possible toxic decomposition products. Proper eye and skin protection should be provided. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.

In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

/During firefighting wear/ self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode.

Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame - consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty). Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Do not use water on material itself. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Allow substance to evaporate.

· Ventilate the area.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 500 meters (1/3 mile).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

Large Spill

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 500 meters (1/3 mile).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Ventilation. NEVER direct water jet on liquid. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus.

If ... spilled or leaked, the following steps should be taken: 1. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 2. If the gas is leaking, stop the flow. 3. If the liquid is spilled or leaked, allow to vaporize.

Ventilation. Never direct water jet on liquid. Do not let this chemical enter the environment. Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Because of recent discovery of potential ozone decomposition in the stratosphere by fluorotrichloromethane, this material should be released to the environment only as a last resort. Waste material should be /recovered and/ returned to the vendor, or to licensed waste disposal company.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Remove clothing immediately if wet or contaminated.

Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Personnel protection: Keep upwind. Avoid breathing vapors. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1,2-DICHLORO-1,1,2,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:

Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Allow substance to evaporate. Ventilate the area. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof if in building. Cool.

Store in a cool, well-ventilated area of low fire risk and out of direct sunlight. Protect cylinder and its fittings from physical damage. Storage in subsurface locations should be avoided. Close valve tightly after use and when empty.

Store in cool place free from material of an inflammable nature, in suitable metal containers.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

1000.0 [ppm]

3000 [ppm]

10000 [ppm]

50000 [ppm]

1000 ppm (7000 mg/m³)

TWA 1000 ppm (7000 mg/m3)

15000 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

15000.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Cardiac sensitization has been induced with endogenous epinephrine at 50,000 to 800,000 ppm [Mullin et al. 1972; Reinhardt et al. 1971].

15,000 ppm

See: 76142

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 1000 ppm

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Dichorotetrafluoroethane/

1000 ppm as TWA; A4 (not classifiable as a human carcinogen).

1000 ppm [1979]

7100 mg/m

· Use extinguishing agent suitable for type of surrounding fire.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical or CO2.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

Fire Involving Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· Some of these materials, if spilled, may evaporate leaving a flammable residue.

/MAK:/ Germany (1971): 1000 ppm.

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer was designed to reduce the production and consumption of ozone depleting substances in order to reduce their abundance in the atmosphere, and thereby protect the earth's fragile ozone Layer. The original Montreal Protocol was agreed on 16 September 1987 and entered into force on 1 January 1989. The Montreal Protocol includes a unique adjustment provision that enables the Parties to the Protocol to respond quickly to new scientific information and agree to accelerate the reductions required on chemicals already covered by the Protocol. These adjustments are then automatically applicable to all countries that ratified the Protocol. Since its initial adoption, the Montreal Protocol has been adjusted five times. Specifically, the Second, Fourth, Seventh, Ninth, Eleventh and Nineteenth Meetings of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol adopted, in accordance with the procedure laid down in paragraph 9 of Article 2 of the Montreal Protocol, certain adjustments and reductions of production and consumption of the controlled substances listed in the Annexes of the Protocol. These adjustments entered into force, for all the Parties, on 7 March 1991, 23 September 1993, 5 August 1996, 4 June 1998, 28 July 2000 and 14 May 2008, respectively. In addition to adjusting the Protocol, the Parties to the Montreal Protocol have amended the Protocol to enable, among other things, the control of new chemicals and the creation of a financial mechanism to enable developing countries to comply. Specifically, the Second, Fourth, Ninth and Eleventh Meetings of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol adopted, in accordance with the procedure laid down in paragraph 4 of Article 9 of the Vienna Convention, four Amendments to the Protocol - the London Amendment (1990), the Copenhagen Amendment (1992), the Montreal Amendment (1997) and the Beijing Amendment (1999). Unlike adjustments to the Protocol, amendments must be ratified by countries before their requirements are applicable to those countries. The London, Copenhagen, Montreal and Beijing Amendments entered into force on 10 August 1992, 14 June 1994, 10 November 1999 and 25 February 2002, respectively, only for those Parties which ratified the particular amendments. In addition to adjustments and amendments to the Montreal Protocol, the Parties to the Protocol meet annually and take a variety of decisions aimed at enabling effective implementation of this important legal instrument. Through the 22nd Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol, the Parties have taken over 720 decisions.

A harmful concentration of this gas in the air will be reached very quickly on loss of containment.

Rapid evaporation of the liquid may cause frostbite. The substance may cause effects on the cardiovascular system. This may result in cardiac disorders.

Approved respirator, rubber gloves, safety goggles, and safety shoes. (USCG, 1999)

Skin contact with refrigerant may cause frostbite. General work clothing and gloves (leather) should provide adequate protection. If prolonged contact with liquid or gas is anticipated, insulated gloves constructed of PVA, neoprene or butyl rubber should be used.

1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane is a colorless, nearly odorless nonflammable gas. It may be mildly toxic and irritating by inhalation. It can asphyxiate by the displacement of air. Exposure of the container to prolonged heat or fire can cause it to rupture violently and rocket. It is used as a solvent and as a fire extinguishing agent.

Colorless gas with a faint, ether-like odor at high concentrations; Note: A liquid below 38 degrees F. Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS COMPRESSED LIQUEFIED GAS.

Colorless gas with a faint, ether-like odor at high concentrations.

Colorless gas with a faint, ether-like odor at high concentrations. [Note: A liquid below 38 °F. Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas.]

Colorless gas ... [Note: A liquid below 38 degrees F. Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas]

Faint, ether-like odor at high concentrations

Odorless, but has a faint, ether-like odor in high concentrations

38.8 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

4.1 °C @760 [mm Hg]

3.8 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-137 °F (USCG, 1999)

-92.53 °C

-93.9 °C

0.01 % (NIOSH, 2024)

Souble in alcohol, ether

0.013% in water

In water, 130 mg/L at 25 °C

Solubility in water at 25 °C: none

1.455 g/cu cm at 25 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.5

1.5312 @25 °C

1.455 @25 °C

5.93(relative gas density)

1.455 at 77 °F (USCG, 1999) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

5.9 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 5.89

2616.02 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

Vapor pressure: 10 mm Hg at -72.3 °C; 1 mm Hg at -95.4 °C; 40 mm Hg at -53.7 °C, 100 mm Hg at -39.1 °C; 400 mm Hg at -12.0 °C

2014 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 25 °C: 268

1.9 atm at 70 °F

2014 [mm Hg] @25 °C

(70 °F): 1.9 atm

log Kow = 2.82

Henry's Law constant = 1.25 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C

Conditions contributing to instability: heat.

Dangerous; When heated to decomp ... they evolve highly toxic /hydrogen/ chloride fumes. /Chlorides/

Dangerous; when heated to decomp ... they emit highly toxic fumes. /Fluorides/

Under certain conditions, /chlorofluorocarbon/ vapors may decompose on contact with flames or hot surfaces, creating the potential hazard of inhalation of toxic decomposition products. /Chlorofluorocarbon/

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Fluorinated Organic Compounds

1,2-DICHLORO-1,1,2,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE is chemically inert in many situations, but can react violently with strong reducing agents such as the very active metals and the active metals. Can react with strong oxidizing agents or weaker oxidizing agents under extremes of temperature. The reaction of aluminum with various halogenated hydrocarbons produces a self-sustaining reaction with sufficient heat to melt aluminum pieces, examples of other halogenated hydrocarbons are fluorotrichloromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, chlorodifluoromethane, tetrafluoromethane. The vigor of the reaction appears to be dependent on the combined degree of fluorination and the vapor pressure [Chem. Eng. News 39(27):44(1961)].

Incompatible with chemically-active metals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, powdered aluminum, zinc and magnesium; acids; acid fumes.

Chemically-active metals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, powdered aluminum, zinc & magnesium; acids; acid fumes

1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Dichorotetrafluoroethane/

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

inhalation, skin and/or eye contact (liquid)

Suffocation.

ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE.

See Skin.

irritation respiratory system; asphyxia; cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac arrest; liquid: frostbite

respiratory system, cardiovascular system

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Other Poison - Simple Asphyxiant

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

LC50 (rat) = 720,000 ppm/30 min

LC50 Rabbit inhalation 75 pph/30 min

LC50 Mouse inhalation 70 pph/30 min

LC50 Rat inhalation 72 pph/30 min

Cardiac sensitization potential of CFC-114 is considered moderate. /Investigators/ found evidence of serious arrythmia in 1 of 12 dogs exposed at an atmosphere of 25,000 ppm CFC-114 plus intravenous epinephrine.

Whether inhalation of a freon gas mixture, the propellant of the commercial metered dose aerosols, consisting of freons 11, 12 and 114, reduces the bronchodilating effects of inhaled salbutamol or ipratropium bromide or causes cardiac arrhythmias in control, asthmatic and bronchitic patients was studied. FEV1 (1 sec forced expiratory volume) and flows measured at different lung volumes on the maximal effort expiratory flow volume curve were measured for 6 hr. Inhalation of freon caused no significant overall reduction in the salbutamol and ipratropium bromide response in any group. Arrhythmias only occurred among the asthmatic and bronchitic patients, and were most frequent after salbutamol. Ventricular extrasystoles occurred in 3 cases, all after salbutamol and in 2 of these in combination with freon inhalation. In 1 patient there was also hypoxia and hypercapnia. The combined effects of hypoxia, hypercapnia, catecholamines and freon on the heart are a more likely cause of arrhythmia than the effect of freon alone.

Many unsubstituted and halogenated hydrocarbons were capable of sensitizing the mammalian heart to iv injected epinephrine, resulting in serious and sometimes fatal cardiac arrhythmias. This experiment was performed to determine if cardiac sensitization could occur in animals in the absence of an exogenous source of epinephrine as this phenomenon was alleged to cause sudden deaths in humans in the absence of exogenous epinephrine. Beagle dogs were trained to run on a treadmill to increase their circulating level of epinephrine. While being exercised, they were exposed to fluorocarbon 11, fluorocarbon 12 or fluorocarbon 114, which were tested previously and found to be capable of sensitizing the dog's heart to iv injected epinephrine. While fluorocarbon 12 and fluorocarbon 114 produced cardiac sensitization, a higher concentration was needed to produce this effect than with the iv administration of epinephrine. Cardiac sensitization was not produced by fluorocarbon 11 at the levels tested. None of the animals died.

Most nonanesthetics (inhaled compounds that neither cause anesthesia when given alone nor decrease the partial pressure of a known inhaled anesthetic required to produce anesthesia) and transitional compounds (inhaled compounds that are less potent than would be predicted by the Meyer-Overton hypothesis) cause convulsions. A possible exception is the perfluoroalkane series of nonanesthetics. The present study tested whether perfluoroalkanes do provide an exception. Further, we tested whether the convulsant effects of nonanesthetic and transitional compounds were additive. The nonanesthetic perfluoropropane caused convulsions at 7.5 +/- 0.7 atm (mean +/- SD). Convulsions also were produced by perfluorocyclobutane (0.976 +/- 0.002 atm), 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoroethane (0.358 +/- 0.011 atm), 2,3-dichlorooctafluorobutane (0.085 +/- 0.007 atm), 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane (0.055 +/- 0.007 atm), and flurothyl (0.00156 +/- 0.00039 atm). Of these, 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoroethane is a transitional compound, the remainder being nonanesthetics. The combination of flurothyl plus 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane gave evidence of antagonism (a 17% +/- 21% deviation from additivity; P < 0.05), whereas the combination of 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoroethane plus 2,3-dichlorooctafluorobutane gave evidence of synergy (a -13% +/- 8% deviation from additivity; P < 0.05). The combinations of perfluoropropane plus perfluorocyclobutane (-4% +/- 15%), and perfluoropropane plus 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane (-1% +/- 26%) did not produce results that deviated significantly from additivity. We conclude that pairs of these compounds either produce convulsions in an additive manner, a finding consistent with (but not proving) a common mode of action; or deviate modestly from additivity, a finding suggesting that at least a portion of the mechanistic basis for convulsions might differ, particularly for flurothyl plus other nonanesthetics, or for the combination of non-anesthetics and transitional compounds.

The effect of a mixture of Freon 12 and Freon 114 in a 40 to 60 ratio on arterial pressure and cardiac rhythm in cats was studied. Eighteen tests were performed on ten cats anesthetized with urethane. A tracheotomy was performed and 3 g of the freon mixture was sprayed for 20 sec into the opening. During the test, heart rate, breathing, and arterial pressure were monitored. The amount of freon consumed was measured by weighing the aerosol container before and after use. Within 13 sec, arterial pressure began to drop. By the end of the test, the pressure had decreased from 110 to 50 or 25 mL. Within 3 min of the end of the test, arterial pressure had returned to initial value. The sinus rhythm of the heart decreased an average of 10 strokes/min. One cat suffered an atrioventricular blockade with a subsequent fibrillation of the ventricles. Changes in frequency and depth of breathing were insignificant except for one case of brief apnea. These compounds may be cardiotoxic, and further studies are needed to determine optimum, harmless dose.

Victims of freon inhalation require management for hypoxic, CNS anesthetic, & cardiac symptoms. Patients must be removed from the exposure environment, & high flow supplemental oxygen should be utilized. The respiratory system should be evaluated for injury, aspiration, or pulmonary edema & treated appropriately. CNS findings should be treated supportively. A calm environment with no physical exertion is imperative to avoid increasing endogenous adrenegic levels. Exogenous adrenergic drugs must not be used to avoid inducing sensitized myocardial dysrhythmias. Atropine is ineffective in treating bradyarrhythmias. For ventricular dysrhythmias, diphenylhydantoin & countershock may be effective. Cryogenic dermal injuries should be treated by water bath rewarming at 40-42 °C until vasodilatory flush has returned. Elevation of the limb & standard frostbite management with late surgical debridement should be utilized. Ocular exposure requires irrigation & slit lamp evaluation for injury. /Freons/

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Chlorinated fluorocarbons (CFCs) and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations as needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Minimize physical activity and provide a quiet atmosphere. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. Rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Treat frostbite with rapid rewarming techniques ... . /Chlorinated fluorocarbons (CFCs) and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia,administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Chlorinated fluorocarbons (CFCs) and related compounds/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for 1,2-DICHLORO-1,1,2,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Initial Medical Screening: Employees should be screened for history of certain medical conditions which might place the employee at increased risk from Refrigerant 114 exposure. /These are/ chronic respiratory and cardiovascular disease. Periodic Medical Examination: Any employee developing /these/ conditions should be referred for further medical examination.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Ten subjects were exposed to the propellants freon 11, freon 12, freon 114, to two mixtures of freon 11 and 12 and to a mixture of freon 12 and 114. The length of exposure was 15, 45 or 60 seconds. Maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEF) curves and ECG were recorded before, and intermittently up to 1 hour after, exposure. Breathing level concentrations of propellants during exposure were determined by gas chromatography. All freons induced biphasic reduction of ventilatory capacity on inhalation. The first fall occurred within a few minutes of exposure while the second was delayed 13-30 minutes after exposure. The effects of mixtures were greater than those of individual freons. The relative fall in MEF 75% was more pronounced than that in MEF 50%. No clear-cut pathological changes in ECG were found. Nevertheless, most subjects developed variations in heart rate exceeding those noted before exposure. In a few cases inversion of the T wave, and in one case atrioventricular block, were observed.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Effects of chlorofluorocarbons on bronchiolar tone in asthmatic children /were studied/. Forced expiratory volume, a measure of bronchial tone, was measured in 18 children with a history of asthma, before and after inhaling aerosols of the B2-receptor agonist, fenoterol, or a mixuture of CFC-11, CFC-12, and CFC-114, and in the absence of treatment. The levels of exposure were not reported. Exposure to the chlorofluorocarbon mixture significantly reduced forced expiratory volume for 2 hr, relative to "no treatment", and for 8 hr relative to exposure to fenoterol (containing CFC-11 and CFC-12). The results suggest that chlorofluorcarbons can decrease bronchial tone in asthmatic patients, but that this effect is transient and of a sufficiently small magnitude to be superseded by the dilating effects of fenoterol when both fenoterol and chlorofluorcarbon propellants are inhaled together.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Vapor may cause mild and usually transient central nervous depression.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Ten percent causes some irritation and restlessness.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1,2-DICHLORO-1,1,2,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE (19 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... Concentrations around 1% caused slight irritation in guinea pigs; concentrations of 2 to 4.7% caused distinct irritation and increased respiration, but no pathological changes after 2 hours.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The low-pressure propellants influence predominantly the circulation, whereas the high pressure propellants affect the respiration in anesthetized monkeys. There are four groups according to the level of toxicity: Class 1, low-pressure propellants of high toxicity that cause tachycardia and hypotension; Class 2, low-pressure propellants of intermediate toxicity that influence either circulation or respiration or both; Class 3, high-pressure propellants of intermediate toxicity that cause bronchoconstriction; and Class 4, high-pressure propellants of low toxicity that do not influence respiration or circulation even when inhaled at levels of up to 20 percent concentration.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The inhalation of trichlorofluoromethane (FC11), dichlorotetrafluoroethane (FC114) and dichlorodifluoromethane (FC12) caused a reduction in mean aortic blood pressure but only FC11 and FC114 caused a reduction in mean pulmonary arterial pressure. The primary cause of the fall is a decrease in pulmonary blood flow. When blood flow to a lobe is kept constant and the adrenergic alpha receptors are blocked by injection of phentolamine, the inhalation of FC11 caused vasodilation. In the intact circulation, the vasodilation is masked by release of catecholamines which constrict the pulmonary blood vessels.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Inhalation of 2.5% dichlorotetrafluoroethane by dogs caused depression of myocardial contractility, aortic hypotension, decr in cardiac output, & incr in pulmonary vascular resistance.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1,2-DICHLORO-1,1,2,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE (40 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/FIELD STUDIES/ Experimental evidence suggests that increased UV-B irradiation at the earth's surface, resulting from ozone depletion /caused by the atmospheric chlorofluorocarbons/, would have deleterious effects on both terrestrial and aquatic biota. Despite uncertainties resulting from the complexities of field experiments, the data currently available suggest that crop yields and forest productivity are vulnerable to increased levels of solar UV-B radiation. Existing data also suggest that increased UV-B radiation will motify the distribution and abundance of plants, and change ecosystem structure. /UV-B Radiation/

Avoid release to the environment because of its impact on the ozone layer.

1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its former use as an aerosol propellent, foaming agent and refrigerant resulted in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 2014 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane will exist solely as a gas in the atmosphere. Gas-phase 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane is extremely stable in the troposphere. This compound does not react with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals, ozone molecules or nitrate radicals. 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. This compound will gradually diffuse into the stratosphere above the ozone layer where it will slowly degrade due to direct photolysis from UV-C radiation and contribute to the catalytic removal of stratospheric ozone. The half-life for this reaction has been estimated to range from 126 to 310 years. If released to soil, 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane is expected to have moderate mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 280. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.25 atm-cu m/mole. 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. The Japanese MITI test indicates that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process. 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane and other chlorofluorocarbons have been shown to biodegrade under anaerobic conditions, but not aerobic conditions. If released into water, 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.8 hours and 5.2 days, respectively. Measured BCF values ranging from 15 to 32 suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane is still produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane via inhalation of ambient air containing 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane. (SRC)

1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its former use as an aerosol propellent, foaming agent and refrigerant(1) resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 280(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.82(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 1.25 atm-cu m/mole(4). 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 2014 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane and other chlorofluorocarbons have been shown to biodegrade under anaerobic conditions, but not aerobic conditions(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 280(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.82(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.25 atm-cu m/mole(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.8 hours and 5.2 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), measured BCF values ranging from 15 to 32(7) suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate(SRC). 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane and other chlorofluorocarbons have been shown to biodegrade under anaerobic conditions, but not aerobic conditions(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, which has a vapor pressure of 2014 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane is extremely stable in the troposphere. This compound does not react with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals, ozone molecules or nitrate radicals(3). 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). This compound will gradually diffuse into the stratosphere above the ozone layer where it will slowly degrade due to direct photolysis from UV-C radiation and contribute to the catalytic removal of stratospheric ozone(3). The half-life for this reaction has been estimated to range from 126 to 310 years(5).

AEROBIC: 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane was reported to be not readily biodegradable using an activated sludge inoculum in the Japanese MITI test(1).

ANAEROBIC: 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane and other chlorofluorocarbons have been shown to biodegrade under anaerobic conditions via reductive dehalogenation(1).

Gas-phase 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane is extremely stable in the troposphere. This compound does not react with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals, ozone molecules or nitrate radicals(1). 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane will gradually diffuse into the stratosphere above the ozone layer where it will slowly degrade due to direct photolysis from UV-C radiation and contribute to the catalytic removal of stratospheric ozone(1). The half-life for this reaction has been estimated to range from 126 to 310 years(2). 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). The hydrolysis rate of 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane was too low to be determined in water at 1 atm and 30 °C(4).

Measured BCF values ranging from 16 to 32 and 15 to 28 at 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane exposure levels of 400 and 40 mg/L, respectively, were reported using carp (Cyprinus carpio) which were exposed over an 6-week period(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate(SRC).

The Koc of 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane is estimated as 280(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.82(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane is 1.25 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 3.8 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5.2 days(SRC). 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 2014 mm Hg(3).

The annual global emission of 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane was estimated to range from 13.5-17.7 kilotons during the years 1980-1989(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Ambient air samples (2,507) collected from 25 sites throughout the state of Minnesota for varying periods of time between 1991 and 1998 contained median, mean, and maximum 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane concentrations of 0.09, 0.11, and 0.98 ug/cu m, respectively(1). The measured mean concentration of 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane collected by 24-hour, 7-day, and 4-week sampling periods in February 1999 in Chiba City, Japan was 0.15 ug/cu m(2). 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane was detected in ambient air over France between 1982 and 1984 at an average concentration of 10.5 parts per trillion(3). From 1976-1980 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane was detected in US urban/suburban air at a mean concentration of 32 parts per trillion (median concentration 32 parts per trillion) and US rural/remote locations at a mean concentration of 11 parts per trillion (median concentration 12 parts per trillion)(4). 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane was detected in San Jose, CA and Downey, CA(1985) at concentrations of 12-967 and 12-89 parts per trillion, respectively(5).

INDOOR: 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane was detected in 1 of 100 indoor air samples collected between December 2003 and April 2006 in New Jersey suburban and rural homes at a concentration of 20 ug/cu m(1).

RURAL/REMOTE: From 1979-1981 the average concentration of 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane over the Northern and Southern hemispheres was 14 and 13 parts per trillion, respectively. 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane was detected over the Norwegian Arctic at an average concentration of 10.9 parts per trillion in 1983(1).

SOURCE DOMINATED: 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane was detected in headspace gas above groundwater monitoring wells in a landfill at concentrations of 29,000 ng/cu m and 420,000 ng/cu m(1).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane is 1000 or greater; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 59,867 workers (45,860 of these were female) were potentially exposed to 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane in the US(1). This survey was conducted prior to the Montreal Protocol which scheduled the production phase-out of this compound and other chlorofluorocarbons, and is not an accurate measure of the current occupational exposure(SRC). Occupational exposure to 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane via inhalation of ambient air containing 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane(SRC).

Refrigerant 114 can affect the body if it is inhaled or if the liquid comes in contact with the eyes or skin. It can also affect the body if it is swallowed.

AIR: (assume 10.5 - 32 parts per trillion(1,2)) 1.5 - 4.5 ug/day(SRC).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Because of recent discovery of potential ozone decomposition in the stratosphere by fluorotrichloromethane, this material should be released to the environment only as a last resort. Waste material should be /recovered and/ returned to the vendor, or to licensed waste disposal company.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

/GUIDE 126: GASES - COMPRESSED OR LIQUEFIED (INCLUDING REFRIGERANT GASES)/ Fire or Explosion: Some may burn, but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket.

/GUIDE 126: GASES - COMPRESSED OR LIQUEFIED (INCLUDING REFRIGERANT GASES)/ Health: Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

/GUIDE 126: GASES - COMPRESSED OR LIQUEFIED (INCLUDING REFRIGERANT GASES)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 126: GASES - COMPRESSED OR LIQUEFIED (INCLUDING REFRIGERANT GASES)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1,2-DICHLORO-1,1,2,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1958; Dichlorotetrafluoroethane

IMO 2.2; Dichlorotetrafluoroethane

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Non-Flammable Gas

UN Hazard Class: 2.2