Perfluoropropane

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 11.2% (22 of 197) of reports.

H280 (88.8%): Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]

P410+P403</a, and a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ghs/#P410+P403">P410+P403 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 197 reports by companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 22 of 197 reports by companies.

There are 5 notifications provided by 175 of 197 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: In case of contact with liquefied gas, only medical personnel should attempt thawing frosted parts. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· In case of contact with liquefied gas, only medical personnel should attempt thawing frosted parts.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:

Use extinguishing agent suitable for type of surrounding fire.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical or CO2.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. Some of these materials, if spilled, may evaporate leaving a flammable residue. (ERG, 2024)

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Allow substance to evaporate.

· Ventilate the area.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 500 meters (1/3 mile).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

Large Spill

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 500 meters (1/3 mile).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

SRP: Expired or waste pharmaceuticals shall carefully take into consideration applicable DEA, EPA, and FDA regulations. It is not appropriate to dispose by flushing the pharmaceutical down the toilet or discarding to trash. If possible return the pharmaceutical to the manufacturer for proper disposal being careful to properly label and securely package the material. Alternatively, the waste pharmaceutical shall be labeled, securely packaged and transported by a state licensed medical waste contractor to dispose by burial in a licensed hazardous or toxic waste landfill or incinerator.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:

Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Allow substance to evaporate. Ventilate the area. (ERG, 2024)

Store between 2-8 °C (36-46 °F).

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

· Use extinguishing agent suitable for type of surrounding fire.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical or CO2.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

Fire Involving Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· Some of these materials, if spilled, may evaporate leaving a flammable residue.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 126 [Gases - Compressed or Liquefied (Including Refrigerant Gases)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Octafluoropropane is a colorless, odorless gas. It is relatively inert. The mixture is nonflammable and nontoxic, though asphyxiation may occur because of displacement of oxygen. Exposure of the container to prolonged heat or fire can cause it to rupture violently and rocket.

Gas Vapor

Colorless gas; [Merck Index] Colorless pressurized gas with a faint sweet odor; [ILMO Products MSDS]

Colorless, nonflammable gas

-36.7 °C

-147.6 °C

In water, 5.7 mg/L at 15 °C

Miscible with water

Miscible with alcohol, ether. Soluble in benzene, chloroform

1.46e-01 g/L

1.352 at 20 °C (liquid)

6.63X10+3 mm Hg at 25 °C

Ozone Depletion Potential = 0

Global Warming Potentials: 100-yr horizon 7000-8830; 500-year horizon 12,500

100-Yr Global Warming Potential = 6950

Specific volume: 2.02 cu ft/lb at 21 degC, 1 atmopshere

Gibbs energy

Schoenflies notation

Boiling point

Chemical bond

Chemical diffusion

Composition

Diamagnetic susceptibility

Dielectric constant

Diffusion

Diffusive flux

Enthalpy

Fusion temperature

Heat capacity

Heat of sublimation

Internuclear distance

Magnetic susceptibility

Melting temperature

Molecular structure

Phase diagram

Phase equilibrium

Phase transition

Point group

Surface tension

Thermal expansion coefficient

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Fluorinated Organic Compounds

OCTAFLUOROPROPANE is chemically inert in many situations, but can react violently with strong reducing agents such as the very active metals and the active metals. They suffer oxidation with strong oxidizing agents and under extremes of temperature.

Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank 2.0)

Perflutren

vNo-DILI-concern

No match

DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015

Drug-Induced Liver Injury Severity and Toxicity (DILIst)

perflutren

DILI Negative

Intravenous

DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2019.09.022

◉ Summary of Use during Lactation

No information is available on the clinical use of perflutren during breastfeeding. Because of the extremely short elimination half-life of perflutren (<2 minutes) from the body, use of perflutren either as albumin microspheres or lipid microspheres is acceptable in nursing mothers. Because of the lack of information, the American College of Radiology states that temporary (~24 hours) pumping and discarding of milk may be considered. However, this recommendation appears to be excessively cautious.

◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants

Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.

◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Other Poison - Simple Asphyxiant

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The following adverse reactions have been identified during the post-marketing use of perflutren-containing microsphere products. ... Cardiopulmonary: Fatal cardiac or respiratory arrest, shock, syncope, symptomatic arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation, tachycardia, bradycardia, supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia), hypertension, hypotension, dyspnea, hypoxia, chest pain, respiratory distress, stridor, wheezing. Anaphylactoid: Anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reaction, anaphylactic shock, hypersensitivity, bronchospasm, throat tightness, angioedema, edema (pharyngeal, palatal, mouth, peripheral, localized), swelling (face, eye, lip, tongue, upper airway), facial hypoesthesia, rash, urticaria, pruritus, flushing, erythema. Neurologic: Coma, loss of consciousness, convulsion, seizure, transient ischemic attack, agitation, tremor, vision blurred, dizziness, headache, fatigue.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/... Events typically occurred within 30 minutes of perflutren-containing microsphere administration. These serious events may be increased among patients with unstable cardiopulmonary conditions (acute myocardial infarction, acute coronary artery syndromes, worsening or unstable congestive heart failure, or serious ventricular arrhythmias.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Serious cardiopulmonary reactions including fatalities have occurred uncommonly during or shortly following perflutren-containing microsphere administration, typically within 30 minutes of administration. The risk for these reactions may be increased among patients with unstable cardiopulmonary conditions (acute myocardial infarction, acute coronary artery syndromes, worsening or unstable congestive heart failure, or serious ventricular arrhythmias). ... The reported reactions include: fatal cardiac or respiratory arrest, shock, syncope, symptomatic arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation, tachycardia, bradycardia, supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia), hypertension, hypotension, dyspnea, hypoxia, chest pain, respiratory distress, stridor, wheezing, loss of consciousness, and convulsions.

/CASE REPORTS/ ... This report describes a case of sudden death approximately 5 minutes after the intravenous administration of 0.5 mL of perflutren contrast agent (Definity) during transthoracic echocardiography with suboptimal baseline images performed 10 days after coronary artery bypass graft surgery because of hypotension and tachycardia in a 73-year-old patient with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Autopsy did not reveal a clear direct relationship between perflutren and death. ...

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Octafluoropropane (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Wistar rats were used to study inhalation toxicity of octafluoropropane (OFP, freon-218) at the following concentration: 300 g/cu m (4-hrs), 30 g/cu m (0.5 to 4 hrs), 3 g/cu m (8 hrs), and 0.3 g/cu m (16 hrs). According to the histological analysis, OFP at the concentrations of 300 and 30 g/cu m had a politrophic toxic effect. Target organs were the lung, trachea, bronchus, heart, kidney, and the adrenaL There were dystrophic and necrobiotic lesions in the upper airways epithelium. Subacute and chronic vesicular bronchiolitis developed on days 7 and 14, respectively. Visceral organs and brain were found plethoric and the lung was found hemorrhagic. Similar lesions were seen in the trachea, bronchus, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal, heart, and the brain. Lipid redistribution was observed in the adrenal cortex and vascular reactions of renal tissue with juxtamedullar blood shunting. Toxicity of small OFP concentrations (3 and 0.3 g/cu m) was distinguished by an extended after effect, these concentrations did not cause visible pathomorphologic changes but gave rise to an extended pathologic process detectable by biochemistry. In all concentrations, OFP impacted erythrocyte metabolism changing the lipid composition of cell membrane and activating membrane-bound adenosinetriphos-phatases. The activities of hepatocyte and myocardiac cytoplasmatic enzymes were altered in blood plasma. Increased malonic dialdehyde in blood plasma and decreased cell antioxidant GSH in erythrocytes suggested exaggerated lipid peroxidation.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Glomerular capillary hemorrhage (GCH) has been reported and confirmed as a consequence of contrast-enhanced diagnostic ultrasound (CEDUS) imaging of rat kidney. This study assessed renal tissue injury in the larger porcine model. The right kidneys of anesthetized pigs were imaged in 8 groups of 4 pigs. A Vingmed System Five ultrasound machine (General Electric Co, Cincinnati, OH) was used at 1.5 MHz in the B-mode to intermittently scan the kidney at 4-second intervals. An Acuson Sequoia 512 machine (Siemens Medical Solutions, Mountain View, CA) was used in the 1.5-MHz Cadence contrast pulse sequencing mode with intermittent agent clearance bursts at 4-second intervals. Kidneys were scanned transabdominally or after laparotomy through a saline standoff. The second machine's probe was placed in contact with the kidney for 1 group. A perflutren lipid microsphere contrast agent (Definity; Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc, North Billerica, MA) was infused at 4 uL/kg/min (diluted 33:1 in saline) for 4 minutes during scanning. Blood-filled urinary tubules were evident on the kidney surface for all groups except the group with the probe in contact with the kidney. Glomerular capillary hemorrhage was found by histologic processing in 31.7% +/- 9.8% (mean +/- SD) of glomeruli in the center of the scan plane for 1.7-MPa transabdominal scanning and 1.5% +/- 2.9% of glomeruli in sham samples (P < 0.05). In addition, hematuria was detected after scanning, and tubular obstruction occurred in some nephrons. Renal tissue damage was induced by CEDUS in the porcine model. This result, together with previous studies in rats, support a hypothesis that GCH would occur in humans from similar CEDUS exposure.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Microbubbles have been reported to enhance ultrasound (US)-related side effects in animal systems. The present study investigated the influence of contrast ultrasonography (US) with perflutren lipid microspheres, a recently developed second-generation contrast agent, on microvessels. Rat mesentery was exposed to 1.8-MHz pulsed US with intravenous injection of perflutren (0.1 or 1.0 mL/kg) or Levovist (300 mg/kg), and the microvessel bleeding and endothelial cell injury was examined. Impaired endothelial cells were identified by the fluorescence of propidium iodide. Microvessel bleeding was examined also in the rat myocardium. The interaction between 0.1 mL/kg of perflutren and US exposure did not cause microvessel bleeding, and did not increase endothelial cell injury compared with the sham operation, unless frequent, strong US exposure occurred. When the dose was increased to 1.0 mL/kg, the combination of perflutren and US exposure resulted in capillary bleeding and increased endothelial cell injury in capillaries and venules (p<0.01). However, the incidence of microvessel bleeding and endothelial cell injury did not exceed that with Levovist microbubbles. In the myocardium, microvessel bleeding was not observed under any conditions. In conclusion, perflutren lipid microspheres enhanced US-related microvessel injury as with other contrast agents at the dose of 1.0 mL/kg, but not with 0.1 mL/kg and the appropriate US setting.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ An experiment with Wistar male rats was to look into the action of octafluoropropane (OFP, of 50 ug/cu m) combined with bipolar ionized air (BIA) at a concentration of light air ions of 60,000 para-air in cc. The chamber experiment was 43 days long. Intoxication by OFP reduced body mass, as well as the erythrocyte count and hemoglobin level in peripheral blood. As for BIA, it appeared to bring these indices back to their normal values. Erythrocyte metabolism underwent phase-by-phase shifts; but breathing BIA mitigated these shifts markedly. As regards to erythrocyte metabolism in intoxicated animals, BIA had a compensatory effect Changes in the biochemical profile of blood plasma make us think, that BIA counteracts the OFP damaging action on the myocardium and, at the same time, aggravates impairment of metabolism in the liver and, probably, kidney. Variations in the spectrum and total content of higher fatty acids in the lung in the experiment were more pronounced in the event of exposure to OFP+BIA than to OFP alone. Also, the combined exposure increased the level of laurinic acid. Histological investigations of the liver, spleen, myocardium, trachea and the lung attested to the dystrophic damage of the liver, spleen plethora and reticular hyperplasia, and slight cloudy swelling of the myocardium attributed to OFP. After 14 days since the end of the experiment, histological changes were much less dramatic; in 39 days after the experiment all the changes were gone with the exception of weak emphysematosis. BIA had no effect on animals in the absence of OFP; neither was there any significant difference between control (intact) animals and those who breathed BIA in laboratory. To conclude, 50 ug/cu m of OFP which falls far short of the existing maximum permissible levels, a strong toxic action on animals. Aside from mitigation of the OFP toxic action on erythrocytes and myocardium, BIA, when breathed with a long time, aggravated the metabolic disorders in the liver and lung provoked by OFP.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Octafluoropropane (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

It is not known whether perflutren-containing microspheres are excreted in human milk. Based on the rapid clearance of this drug, advise nursing mothers to pump and discard breast milk once after treatment. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when perflutren-containing microsphere products are administered to a nursing mother.

Octafluoropropane's production and use as a electrical insulating gas, refrigerant, plasma processing gas, fire protection agent, ultrasound contrast agent, and as an adjunct in repair of retinal detachment may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 6630 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates octafluoropropane will exist solely as a gas in the atmosphere. Gas-phase octafluoropropane will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals. Octafluoropropane has an Ozone Depletion Potential of zero and a calculated atmospheric lifetime of 2600 years. Octafluoropropane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm, and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, octafluoropropane is expected to have low mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 900. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 33 atm-cu m/mole. Octafluoropropane may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation data in soil or water were not available. If released into water, octafluoropropane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 34 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to octafluoropropane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where octafluoropropane is produced or used. Limited monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to octafluoropropane via inhalation of ambient air. Exposure to octafluoropropane among the general population may include those administered the drug perflutren, a contrast agent. (SRC)

Octafluoropropane's production and use as a electrical insulating gas; refrigerant, plasma processing gas; fire protection agent, ultrasound contrast agent, and as an adjunct in repair of retinal detachment(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 900(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that octafluoropropane is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of octafluoropropane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 33 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 6630 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 5.7 mg/L(4). Octafluoropropane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2012).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 900(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that octafluoropropane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 33 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 6630 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 5.7 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 34(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 2.82(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2012).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), octafluoropropane, which has a vapor pressure of 6630 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Octafluoropropane has an Ozone Depletion Potential of zero(3), a calculated atmospheric lifetime of 2600 years(4), and calculated 100-yr Global Warming Potential of 7000(5). Octafluoropropane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(6), and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Octafluoropropane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(1). Octafluoropropane has an Ozone Depletion Potential of zero(2). An atmospheric lifetime of 2600 years(3,4) and a 100-year Global Warming Potential of 7000(5) have been calculated. The compound does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(1) and therefore it is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 34 was calculated in fish for octafluoropropane(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 2.82(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of octafluoropropane is estimated to be 900(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that octafluoropropane is expected to have low mobility in soil.

Octafluoropropane's production and use as a electrical insulating gas, refrigerant, plasma processing gas, fire protection agent, ultrasound contrast agent, and as an adjunct in repair of retinal detachment may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 6630 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates octafluoropropane will exist solely as a gas in the atmosphere. Gas-phase octafluoropropane will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals. Octafluoropropane has an Ozone Depletion Potential of zero and a calculated atmospheric lifetime of 2600 years. Octafluoropropane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm, and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, octafluoropropane is expected to have low mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 900. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 33 atm-cu m/mole. Octafluoropropane may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation data in soil or water were not available. If released into water, octafluoropropane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 34 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to octafluoropropane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where octafluoropropane is produced or used. Limited monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to octafluoropropane via inhalation of ambient air. Exposure to octafluoropropane among the general population may include those administered the drug perflutren, a contrast agent. (SRC)

Octafluoropropane's production and use as a electrical insulating gas; refrigerant, plasma processing gas; fire protection agent, ultrasound contrast agent, and as an adjunct in repair of retinal detachment(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 900(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that octafluoropropane is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of octafluoropropane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 33 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 6630 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 5.7 mg/L(4). Octafluoropropane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2012).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 900(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that octafluoropropane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 33 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 6630 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 5.7 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 34(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 2.82(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2012).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), octafluoropropane, which has a vapor pressure of 6630 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Octafluoropropane has an Ozone Depletion Potential of zero(3), a calculated atmospheric lifetime of 2600 years(4), and calculated 100-yr Global Warming Potential of 7000(5). Octafluoropropane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(6), and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Octafluoropropane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(1). Octafluoropropane has an Ozone Depletion Potential of zero(2). An atmospheric lifetime of 2600 years(3,4) and a 100-year Global Warming Potential of 7000(5) have been calculated. The compound does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(1) and therefore it is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 34 was calculated in fish for octafluoropropane(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 2.82(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of octafluoropropane is estimated to be 900(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that octafluoropropane is expected to have low mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for octafluoropropane is estimated as 33 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 6.63X10+3 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 5.7 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that octafluoropropane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 4 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). Octafluoropropane's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of octafluoropropane from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

The average emissions of octafluoropropane calculated over five year periods was as follows (Gg/yr): 1977-1982, 0.04; 1982-1987, 0.21; 1987-1992, 0.11; and 1992-1997, 0.48(1). Time-average global emissions of 0.12 for 1975-1979, 0.20 for 1980-1989, 0.26 for 1985-1989, 0.28 for 1990-1994, 0.65 for 1995-1999, 1.01 for 200-2004, and 0.76 Gg/yr 2005-2008 have been estimated(2).

RURAL/REMOTE: Octafluoropropane concentrations in background air at Cape Meares, Oregon, Point Barrow, Alaska, and Palmer Station, Antarctica(1).

Table: Octafluoropropane Concentrations (parts/trillion volume) [Table#8053]

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of octafluoropropane is 1 to 99; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

Occupational exposure to octafluoropropane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where octafluoropropane is produced or used. Limited monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to octafluoropropane via inhalation of ambient air. Exposure to octafluoropropane among the general population may include those administered the drug perflutren, a contrast agent. (SRC)

SRP: Expired or waste pharmaceuticals shall carefully take into consideration applicable DEA, EPA, and FDA regulations. It is not appropriate to dispose by flushing the pharmaceutical down the toilet or discarding to trash. If possible return the pharmaceutical to the manufacturer for proper disposal being careful to properly label and securely package the material. Alternatively, the waste pharmaceutical shall be labeled, securely packaged and transported by a state licensed medical waste contractor to dispose by burial in a licensed hazardous or toxic waste landfill or incinerator.

Non-Flammable Gas