Sodium Nitrate

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 2.7% (46 of 1683) of reports.

H272 (56.9%): May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

H302 (19.3%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H319 (85.9%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P210, P220, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P305+P351+P338, P330, P337+P317, P370+P378, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1683 reports by companies from 31 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 46 of 1683 reports by companies.

There are 30 notifications provided by 1637 of 1683 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H272 (100%): May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P210, P220, P264+P265, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P317, P370+P378, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

The GHS information provided by 1 company from 1 notification to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

H272: May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P220, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P318, P319, P321, P337+P317, P370+P378, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P203, P210, P220, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P318, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

See a physician.

EYES: Rinse with water.

SKIN: Wash with water for 15 minutes.

INGESTION: Drink water, milk, or activated charcoal; then induce vomiting or gastric lavage followed by catharsis. (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

SMALL FIRE: Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.

LARGE FIRE: Flood fire area with water from a distance. Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: For ammonium nitrate products: Do not fight cargo fire. Withdraw, evacuate and isolate area for at least 1600 meters (1 mile). Treat as an explosive (ERG Guide 112). Do not enter area for 24 hours or until expert advice has been provided. Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Use abundant amount of water in early stages of fire. When large quantities are involved in fire, nitrate may fuse or melt, in such conditions, application of water may result in extensive scattering of molten material.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Flood with water. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

Increases the flammability of any combustible substance.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Do not get water inside containers.

Small Dry Spill

· With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.

Small Liquid Spill

· Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. If ammonium nitrate products are in a tank, rail car or truck and involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, initiate evacuation including emergency responders for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

· If ammonium nitrate products are in a tank, rail car or truck and involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, initiate evacuation including emergency responders for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.

Sweep spilled substance into plastic or glass containers. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

SRP: /Laboratory quantities/ For solid: Sweep into a beaker. Dilute with sufficient water. Ad soda ash. Mix and neutralize with 6M-HCl. Drain into the sewer with abundant water. For solution: Cover with soda ash. After mixing, transfer into a beaker containing water. Neutralize with 6M-HCl. Drain into the sewer with abundant water.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers.

Personnel protection: ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. ... Approach fire with caution.

NO contact with combustibles and reducing agents ... PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST ... Local exhaust or breathing protection ... Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating ... Rinse contaminated clothes (fire hazard) with plenty of water. Specific treatment is necessary in case of poisoning with this substance; the appropriate means with instructions must be available.

Approximately 14 million households in the United States use private wells to supply their drinking water (Bureau of the Census 1993). In agricultural areas, nitrogen-based fertilizers are a major source of contamination for shallow groundwater aquifers that provide drinking water. A recent United States Geological Survey study showed that >8,200 wells nationwide were contaminated with nitrate levels above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) drinking water standard of 10 parts per million (ppm). ... Because of the risks for potential adverse health effects, persons who use drinking water that contains nitrate levels >10 milligrams per liter (mg/L) should have alternative sources of water or appropriate treatment of existing supplies. Information regarding testing of well water can be obtained from city or county health departments. Other sources of nitrate contamination are organic animal wastes and contamination from septic sewer systems, especially in wells <100 feet deep. During spring melt or drought conditions, both domestic wells and public water systems using surface water can show increased nitrate levels. /Nitrate/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not get water inside containers.

SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.

SMALL LIQUID SPILL: Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from combustible substances and reducing agents. Dry.

Prevent against physical damage; store in dry and cool place away from inflammable organics or easily oxidizable substances; wooden floor is not acceptable; wear rubber gloves, safety glasses, protecting work clothing.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

3.8 [mg/m3]

42 [mg/m3]

250 [mg/m3]

Small Fire

· Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.

Large Fire

· Flood fire area with water from a distance.

· Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· For ammonium nitrate products: Do not fight cargo fire. Withdraw, evacuate and isolate area for at least 1600 meters (1 mile). Treat as an explosive (GUIDE 112). Do not enter area for 24 hours or until expert advice has been provided.

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Ingestion could cause effects on the blood. This may result in the formation of methaemoglobin. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Sodium nitrate is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a solid diluent in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only.

Rubber gloves, goggles, laboratory coat. (USCG, 1999)

Rubber gloves, goggles, laboratory coat.

NO contact with combustible substances or reducing agents.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

Sodium nitrate appears as a white crystalline solid. Noncombustible but accelerates the burning of combustible materials. If large quantities are involved in fire or the combustible material is finely divided an explosion may result. May explode under prolonged exposure to heat or fire. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced in fires. Used in solid propellants, explosives, fertilizers, and for many other uses.

Dry Powder; Large Crystals; Liquid; Large Crystals; Liquid; Liquid; Other Solid; Dry Powder; Other Solid; Large Crystals; CBI

White crystals soluble in water; [CAMEO] Colorless to white deliquescent crystals, granules, or powder; [CHEMINFO]

COLOURLESS HYGROSCOPIC CRYSTALS.

Colorless, trigonal or rhombohedron crystals

White granules or powder

Odorless

Saline, slightly bitter taste

Decomposes 716 °F (USCG, 1999)

380 °C with decomp

584.2 °F (USCG, 1999)

306.5 °C

...is soluble in liquid ammonia and forms Na NO3.4NH3 below -42 °C. The solubility in anhydrous methanol is 2.8 wt% at 25 °C.

Slightly soluble in ethanol and methanol

91.2 g/100g water at 25 °C

1 g dissolves in 125 ml alcohol, 52 ml boiling alcohol, 3470 ml absolute alcohol, 300 ml methanol, 1.1 ml water

In water, 730,000 mg/L at 0 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 92.1

2.26 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

2.3 g/cm³

2.261 @25 °C

... /Sodium nitrate/ decomposes on heating producing nitrogen oxides and oxygen, which increases fire hazard.

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxide and sodium oxide/.

2.85 cP at 590 K; 1.53 cP at 730 K

Aq soln is neutral

Index of refraction = 1.587 (trigonal); 1.336 (rhombohedral)

Dissolved in water temp of soln is lowered; deliquesces in moist air

Liquid Molar volume = 0.044616 cu m/kmol

Heat of formation = -4.6785X10+8 J/kmol

Heat of fusion at 580.15 deg K = 1.4602X10+7 J/kmol

For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for SODIUM NITRATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

thermal expansion coefficient

dielectric constant

Bragg reflection

nuclear quadrupole coupling

crystal structure

dielectricity

diffusion

piezooptic effect

enthalpy

Soluble in water.

Nitrate and Nitrite Compounds, Inorganic

Explosive

Strong Oxidizing Agent

A mixture of SODIUM NITRATE and sodium hypophosphite constitute a powerful explosive [Mellor 8, Supp. 1:154 1964]. Sodium nitrate and aluminum powder mixtures have been reported to be explosive,[Fire, 1935, 28, 30]. The nitrate appears to be incompatible with barium thiocyanate, antimony, arsenic trioxide/iron(II) sulfate, boron phosphide, calcium-sodium alloy, magnesium, metal amidosulfates, metal cyanides, powdered charcoal, peroxyformic acid, phenol/trifluoroacetic acid, sodium, sodium nitrite/sodium sulfide, sodium phosphinate, sodium thiosulfate, tris( cyclopentadienyl)cerium, and even wood [Bretherick 5th ed., 1995].

Interaction of nitrates when heated with amidosulfates (sulfamates) may become explosively violent owing to liberation of dinitrogen oxide and steam. /Nitrates/

A study of the kinetics in attack of magnesium by molten sodium nitrate indicates that decomposition of the nitrate releases oxygen atoms which oxidize the metal so exothermally that ignition ensues.

Fibrous organic material (jute storage bags) is oxidized in contact with sodium nitrate above 160 °C and will ignite below 220 °C. Wood and similar cellulosic materials are rendered highly combustible by nitrate impregnation.

Mixtures of /sodium/ nitrate with powdered aluminum or its oxide (the latter seems unlikely) were reported to be explosive. ... A violent explosion in a copper smelting works was caused mainly by reaction of aluminum with sodium nitrate.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for SODIUM NITRATE (29 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Nitrate's toxicity is a result of it's conversion to nitrite once in the body. Nitrite causes the autocatalytic oxidation of oxyhemoglobin to hydrogen peroxide and methemoglobin. This elevation of methemoglobin levels is a condition known as methemoglobinemia, and is characterized by tissue hypoxia, as methemoglobin cannot bind oxygen. (A2450, L1613)

There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of nitrate in food. There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of nitrate in drinking-water. There is inadequate evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of nitrate. Overall evaluation: Ingested nitrate or nitrite under conditions that result in endogenous nitrosation is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A).

Ingested nitrate or nitrite under conditions that result in endogenous nitrosation is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). (L135)

Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Nitrites may cause pregnancy complications and developmental effects. They may also be carcinogenic. (L1137)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

Oral (L1137) ; inhalation (L1137)

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal pain. Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Convulsions. Diarrhoea. Dizziness. Headache. Laboured breathing. Confusion. Nausea. Unconsciousness.

Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Symptoms include cyanosis, cardiac dysrhythmias and circulatory failure, and progressive central nervous system (CNS) effects. CNS effects can range from mild dizziness and lethargy to coma and convulsions. (L1137)

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

LD50: 1267 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T13)

LD50: 175 mg/kg (Intravenous, Rat) (T13)

LD50 Rat oral 1267 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse iv 175 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 2480 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbit oral 1600 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for SODIUM NITRATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Methemoglobinemia can be treated with supplemental oxygen and methylene blue 1% solution administered intravenously slowly over five minutes followed by IV flush with normal saline. Methylene blue restores the iron in hemoglobin to its normal (reduced) oxygen-carrying state. (L1613)

Nitric oxide (NO) is rapidly oxidized to nitrite (NO-2) and then to nitrate (NO-3) in biological tissues. Although urinary excretion rates of NO-3 are often used as an index of NO production in the body, very little is known regarding the kidney's ability to excrete circulating NO-3. /The authors/ have evaluated the renal responses to systemic administration of sodium nitrate (NaNO3) in eight anesthetized dogs treated with the NO synthase inhibitor, nitro-L-arginine (NLA; 50 ug/kg/min), intrarenally to minimize renal production of NO. Urinary and plasma concentrations of NO-3/NO-2 (NOX) were determined by the Greiss reaction after enzymatic reduction of NO-3 to NO-2. NLA treatment alone resulted in reductions in urinary NOX excretion rates (UNOXV, 1.13+/-0.2 to 0.53+/-0.1 nmol/min/g) and an increase in fractional reabsorption of NOX (FRNOX, 93.8+/-0.6 to 97+/-0.6%) without changes in arterial plasma concentrations (ANOX, 18.7+/-1.4 to 21.2+/-3.7 uM). Administration of NaNO3 (10, 20, 30, and 40 ug/kg/min) resulted in dose-dependent increases in ANOX (34.5+/-8.0, 46.4+/-7.3, 60.7+/-6.3, and 78.1+/-6.3 uM), UNOXV (1.8+/-0.7, 4.2+/-1.8, 7.0+/-2.0, and 11.4+/-3.3 nmol/min/g), and decreases in FRNOX (93.8+/-2.3, 90.3+/-3.5, 88.6+/-3.2, and 84.6+/-3.5%). Absolute net tubular reabsorption of NO-3 showed a linear relationship with filtered loads, with no evidence of a transport maximum. These data show that, in the absence of additions from intrarenal sources, urinary excretion rates of nitrate increases progressively in response to increases in its circulating levels without exhibiting a transport maximum but with progressive decreases in fractional reabsorption.

The individual and combined effects of trichlorphon, lead-nitrate, cadmium-nitrate, sodium-nitrate, and lindane were determined in Wistar-rats. The median lethal dose (LD50) and average time of death were determined individually for each of the substances in acute gavage experiments. A mixture was made up of 0.44 LD50 of each of the five substances. The mixture LD50 was 4,833mg/kg. For subacute experiments, rats were administered the compounds or the mixture daily for 30 days at one twentieth to one thousandth the LD50, or were administered one tenth or one hundredth the LD50 of each substance separately and in combination for 5 or 20 days. Urinary delta-aminolevulinic-acid (ALA) concentrations significantly increased at daily doses of 5%, 1%, and 0.1% of the LD50 of lead and mixture at days ten, 20 and 30, with mixture ALA levels higher than lead alone. Significant increases were also seen in ALA after sublethal daily dosing with cadmium and lindane, with similar results obtained for urinary coproporphyrin. A decrease in liver sulfhydryl groups, similar to the effects of lead and cadmium, was observed upon administration of the mixture as was an increase in methemoglobin to 20% to 30% compared with nitrate induction to 16% to 26%, and control levels of 9%. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of a number of complexes were studied after 5 and 20 days of daily dosing with the substances singly or mixed. EPR signals of cytochrome-P450 were multiplied by lindane and mixture treatment, and were attenuated and multiplied by cadmium. The nitrosilic complexes EPR signals were multiplied by the effect of nitrates and lead, while the effect of the mixture was antagonistic to nitrates. Multiplication of the EPR signals of free radicals and iron and sulfur containing proteins was observed after 20 days dosing with 1% LD50 of lindane, cadmium, and the mixture. The authors conclude that the individual intake limits of trichlorphon, lindane and nitrates are valid for the mixture, while a dose summation formula should be used for lead and cadmium.

No increase in lung adenomas was produced in mice administered 0.69 to 18.75 mg of piperazine/kg in drinking water for 20 to 25 weeks and sacrificed 10 to 13 weeks later. An increase in lung adenomas was produced in this bioassay by administration of piperazine together with sodium nitrate, suggesting the formation of the active nitroso derivative ... Co-administration of 250 ppm piperazine and 500 ppm sodium nitrate in drinking water did not produce tumors in rats ... Piperazine dihydrochloride was not mutagenic in the mouse host-mediated assay. However, when tested in combination with sodium nitrate (to produce the N-nitroso derivative), a mutagenic response was seen ... Urinary metabolites isolated from mice given oral doses of both piperazine and sodium nitrate were also mutagenic.

Formation of (the carcinogen) nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) from dimethylamine (DMA) & sodium nitrate in stomach of monkeys was investigated. After admin of DMA & sodium nitrate, the peak concn of NO2- & NDMA in stomach contents of the 3 starved monkeys were 2.7, 89, & 16.2 ppm, & 41.1, 144.4 & 5.4 ppb, respectively, while peaks of the 2 compounds in the unstarved monkeys (5 per group) were 75.6, 69.9, 5.7, 1.0 & 201.5 ppm of no2- & 833.6, 63.9, 6.1, not detected & 4.7 ppb of NDMA. NDMA was not detected (detection limit 0.2 ng) in blood of any monkey investigated.

For more Interactions (Complete) data for SODIUM NITRATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer supplemental oxygen. Treat hypotension with supine positioning, intravenous crystalloid fluids, and a low dose -pressor if needed. Monitor vital signs and ECG for 4 to 6 hours. Symptomatic methemoglobinemia may be treated with methylene blue. ... Administer activated charcoal. Gastric emptying is not necessary for small ingestions if activated charcoal can be given promptly . Hemodialysis and hemoperfusion are not effective. Severe methemoglobinemia in infants not responsive to methylene blue therapy may require exchange transfusion. /Nitrates and Nitrates/

Decontamination: Remove victim from exposure and administer supplemental oxygen if available. Remove contaminated clothing and wash with copious soap and water. Irrigate exposed eyes with water or saline. /Nitrates and Nitrates/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 d of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or is in severe respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary. Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for SODIUM NITRATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Clinical Evaluation: History. Evaluation of a patient with suspected nitrate/nitrite exposure includes a complete medical history and physical examination. Clues to potential exposure are often obtained by reviewing the following items with the patient or family: location of home (urban, suburban, or rural); drinking water source and supply (if well water: depth, location, type of well construction, and frequency of microbiologic and nitrate testing); surrounding activities (agricultural or industrial) and proximity to drinking-water source; type of sewer system (municipal or septic) and proximity to drinking water source; recent flooding; occupations, avocations, and hobbies of family members; nutritional status (for infants: type of formula, feeding regimen, and source of dilution water); family history, including recent use of medications by infant and mother; and history of recent gastroenteritis with vomiting or diarrhea. /Nitrates and Nitrites/

Physical examination should include special attention to the color of the skin and mucous membranes. If there is a history of gastroenteritis (especially in infants), evaluate the patient for the possible presence of dehydration (poor skin turgor, sunken fontanelle, dry mucous membranes). All cyanotic patients should be assessed for possible cardiac and lung disease (cardiac murmurs, gallops, arrhythmias; rales, rhonchi, wheezes, dullness or hyperresonance in the chest). A central chocolate-brown or slate-gray cyanosis that does not respond to administration of 100% oxygen is indicative of methemoglobinemia. Cyanosis due to cardiorespiratory compromise most often improves with administration of 100% oxygen. In young infants, look for labored breathing, respiratory exhaustion, hypotension, below-average weight gain, and failure to meet developmental markers. Gastroenteritis can increase the rates of production and absorption of nitrites in young infants and aggravate methemoglobinemia. /Nitrates and Nitrites/

Signs and Symptoms Signs and symptoms of methemoglobinemia can be directly correlated with the percentage of total hemoglobin in the oxidized form... The lips and mucous membranes of patients with nitrate/nitrite toxicity usually have more of a brownish than a bluish cast. Dyspnea, especially on exertion, is common. Varying degrees of central nervous system depression might be present. The cardiac and pulmonary examinations are usually normal, but systolic flow murmurs might be detected. Cardiac arrhythmias and hypotension can occur in patients with severe poisoning, although death from methemoglobinemia alone is uncommon, except in infants. /Nitrates and Nitrites/

Laboratory Evaluation Most commonly, a drop of the patient's blood is placed on a piece of filter paper next to a drop of blood from person who does not have methemoglobinemia; when dry, the blood with methemoglobin will turn a deep chocolate-brown or slate-gray color. A tube of methemoglobin containing blood will not turn red when shaken in air or when oxygen is bubbled through it, whereas blood that is dark because of normal deoxyhemoglobin will turn red. Screening Tests: Examination of blood color. Determination of the calculated versus measured arterial saturation gap. Hemoglobin and hematocrit. Serum-free hemoglobin (for hemolysis detection). Serum haptoglobin (for hemolysis detection). Heinz bodies on peripheral blood smear. Urinalysis. Specialized Tests: Determination of methemoglobin level. Tests for causes of congenital methemoglobinemia. Hemoglobin electrophoresis. Activity of NADH-dependent methemoglobin reductase. Tests for Causes of Failure of Methylene Blue Therapy (see Treatment and Management section): Activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD). Activity of NADPH-dependent methemoglobin reductase. Sulfhemoglobin blood level (not readily available for clinical use). /Nitrates and Nitrites/

For more Medical Surveillance (Complete) data for SODIUM NITRATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Ten volunteers on 10 separate days within 10 weeks received 16 or 64 mg NaNO3 in 250 mL of water (about equal or 4 times the recommended WHO guideline value of 50 mg NO3-/L). Nitroso compounds (amines and amides) were determined in saliva before and 1 hr after ingestion of nitrate. Nitrate ingestion did not affect the level of nitroso compounds in the saliva.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Both normal and asthmatic adults who breathed submicronic aerosol of sodium nitrate (up to 1 mg/cu m) for 10 min showed no significant changes in lung vol, distribution of ventilation, ear oximetry, dynamic mechanics of breathing and oscillation mechanics of the chest-lung system.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ The use of N-methylnicotinamide (NMN) as a biomarker for nitrate/nitrite exposure was investigated in a human study with volunteers. 8 volunteers received a single does of sodium nitrate, corresponding with 10 mg NaNO3/kg/day (2 times the acceptable daily intake for nitrate). A rapid incr of urinary NMN (up tp 6-fold) was observed.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ACUTE ... SYMPTOMS: Inhalation--Cough. Sore throat; Skin--Redness; Eyes--Redness. Pain; Ingestion--Abdominal pain. Blue lips or fingernails. Blue skin. Convulsions. Diarrhoea. Dizziness. Headache. Labored breathing. Confusion. Nausea. Unconsciousness.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SODIUM NITRATE (29 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... A 10% aq soln of sodium nitrate applied continuously for 5 min was practically innocuous to the surface of ... /rabbit/ eyes. The conjunctivae became midly hyperemic, but the corneas remained clear, and the eyes rapidly returned completely to normal ... No disturbance of the cornea occurred in a more prolonged test with sodium nitrate dripped continuously for three hours on rabbit eyes as a 0.1 molar solution at pH 7.0 or 7.5 made up to 0.46 osmolar with sodium chloride or sucrose.[Grant, W.M. Toxicology of the Eye. 3rd ed. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1986., p. 840]

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Conditions: freshwater; static; Concentration: 4206000 ug/L for 96 hr /total/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Conditions: freshwater; static; Concentration: 2125000 ug/L for 72 hr /total/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Conditions: freshwater; static; Concentration: 3581000 ug/L for 48 hr /total/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea, 4th instar or adult); Conditions: freshwater; static; Concentration: 5980000 ug/L for 24 hr /total/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for SODIUM NITRATE (25 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ The intended purpose of /pesticide/ products containing these active ingredients is to kill certain vertebrates and wasp pest species inhabiting burrows. Pest species are not exposed to sodium and potassium nitrates, but rather to the products of their pyrolysis. Application is subsurface and precludes exposure to avian populations and aquatic organisms. The Agency realizes, however, that any organism in a properly treated burrow will likely be killed and is concerned about potential impact to populations of non-target and endangered species. The open literature indicates that several types of non-target organisms, including burrowing owls, may inhabit the burrows of target pests. ... Due to the potential risk to non-target organisms, the Agency is currently developing more extensive labeling regarding timing of application and observation of signs indicating the presence or absence of target and nontarget organisms. These instructions will be explicit concerning actions users must take before applying the product. The use of these products may also result in a potential impact on endangered species which utilize burrows...

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The effects of ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, and sodium nitrate on survival and growth of Pacific treefrog (Pseudacris regilla) and African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) embryos were determined in static-renewal tests. The 10-day LC50s for the three ammonium compounds for P. regilla ranged from 25.0-32. 4 mg/L NH4 -N. The 10-day sodium nitrate LC50 for P. regilla was 578. 0 mg/L NO3-N. LC50s for X. laevis exposed for 4 or 5 days to the three ammonium compounds ranged from 27.5-60.2 mg/L NH4-N. The sodium nitrate LC50 for X. laevis ranged from 438.4-871.6 mg/L NO3-N. The lowest LOAEL based on length or weight was 6.1 mg/L NH4-N for the two species. The lowest LOAELs for NO3-N were 111.1 mg/L for P. regilla and 56.7 mg/L for X. laevis. Calculated unionized NH3 comprised 0.5-1.8% of measured NH4-N concentrations. Potential harm to amphibian populations could occur if NH4-N and NO3-N in agricultural runoff or drainage impacts sensitive life stages for a sufficiently long period.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Safe concentrations (SCs) of nitrate (NO3-N) for early and last instar larvae of two species of Nearctic net-spinning caddisflies, Cheumatopsyche pettiti and Hydropsyche occidentalis, are estimated from short-term toxicity bioassays using an innovative methodology, the multifactor probit analysis (MPA) software. Toxicity bioassays were conducted in soft water (average hardness value of 42.7 ppm CaCO3). Larvae were exposed to five different concentrations of sodium nitrate (NaNO3) for 120 hours. SCs were estimated on the basis of mortality data. SCs (or 8760 hour LC0.01 values expressed in ppm NO3-N) and their 95% confidence limits were 1.4 (0.4-3.0) for the early instar of H. occidentalis, 2.4 (0.7-5.4) for the early instar of C. pettiti, 2.2 (0.8-4.7) for the last instar of H. occidentalis, and 3.5 (1.0-8.1) for the last instar of C. pettiti. These results suggest that larvae of C. pettiti and H. occidentalis may be much more sensitive to nitrate pollution than fishes

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Freshwater Life The recommended interim freshwater guideline for the nitrate ion is 13 mg NO3 x L-1. This value was derived by multiplying the 10-d LOEC of 133 mg NO3 x L-1 for P. regilla (Schuytema and Nebeker 1999c) by a safety factor of 0.1 (CCME 1991). Marine Life The recommended interim marine guideline for the nitrate ion is 16 mg NO3 x L-1. This value was derived by multiplying the LC50 for N. grubei by a safety factor of 0.05 (CCME 1991). A more conservative safety factor was used for the marine guideline because: the polychaete in the critical study was not tested at its most sensitive life stage; the critical endpoint, although chronic, was based on a median lethal effect rather than a low sublethal effect; and adverse effects have been observed in non-indigenous tropical species exposed to much lower nitrate concentrations. Water Quality Guideline Application These guidelines are only intended to protect against direct toxic effects of nitrate; indirect toxic effects resulting from eutrophication may still occur at nitrate concentrations below these guideline values, depending on the total amount of bioavailable nitrogen and other site-specific factors (e.g., phosphorous, light availability). /Nitrate/

For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SODIUM NITRATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Occurs as a mineral in Chile.

Chile saltpeter (caliche) is impure natural sodium nitrate.

Found in deposits associated with sodium and potassium chloride, potassium nitrate, sodium sulfate, magnesium chloride and other salts.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Fire or Explosion: These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Health: Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for SODIUM NITRATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1498; Sodium nitrate

IMO 5.1; Sodium nitrate

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Oxidizer

UN Hazard Class: 5.1; UN Pack Group: III