1,4-dichloro-2-butene

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P318, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H226 (47.5%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H301+H311 (47.5%): Toxic if swallowed or in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal]

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (100%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314 (98.8%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H330 (100%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H350 (98.8%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H400 (98.8%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (98.8%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P318, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 80 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H340: May cause genetic defects [Danger Germ cell mutagenicity]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

INHALATION: remove from exposure; provide low-pressure oxygen if required; keep under observation until edema is ruled out.

EYES: irrigate immediately for 15 min.; call physician.

SKIN: wash immediately and thoroughly with soap and water; treat as a chemical burn.

INGESTION: induce vomiting; call physician. (USCG, 1999)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

Some of these materials may react violently with water.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal. Do not get water inside containers.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

When fighting fires wear goggles and self-contained breathing apparatus. Extinguish with water, dry chemicals, foam, or carbon dioxide. /Dichlorobutene/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /Dichlorobutene/

If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame- evacuate for a radius of 1500 ft. If material leaking (not on fire), downwind evacuation must be considered. /Dichlorobutene, flammable liquid, corrosive/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U074, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /Dichlorobutene/

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. /Dichlorobutene/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material. For hydrazine, absorb with DRY sand or inert absorbent (vermiculite or absorbent pads). Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Storage temperature: ambient /Dichlorobutene/

0.015 [ppm]

0.63 [ppm]

3.8 [ppm]

0.005 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.005 ppm, skin.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

A2; Suspected human carcinogen.

Rubber gloves; chemical splash goggles; rubber boots and apron; barrier cream; organic canister mask. (USCG, 1999)

Rubber gloves; chemical splash goggles; rubber boots & apron; barrier cream; organic canister mask. /Dichlorobutene/

Penetration rate for neoprene, or PVC on cotton, ranged between 27-38 ug/min x sq cm. While the rate for NBR rubber was 156 ug/min x sq cm.

Chemical protective clothing composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Viton (a proprietary fluoroelastomer), or Saranex (a multilayer laminate greater than 0.15 cm in thickness of polyethylene and Saran) is highly recommended, having break through times greater than one hour. Butyl rubber or polyethylene may be used but data suggests break through times of approximately an hour or more. Protective clothing composed of natural rubber, nitrile, chlorinated polyethylene, or polyvinyl chloride (material less than 0.015 cm thick) is not recommended since break through times were found to be significantly less than one hour.

Personnel protection: ... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. /Dichlorobutene/

1,4-dichloro-2-butene appears as a clear colorless liquid. Burns, though may be difficult to ignite. Corrosive to tissue. Denser than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air. Used to make other chemicals.

Colorless liquid with a sweet, pungent odor; [HSDB] Yellowish liquid; [OECD SIDS]

Colorless liquid

Sweet, pungent

313 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

158 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-54 °F (USCG, 1999)

Miscible with benzene, alc, carbon tetrachloride; immiscible with ethylene glycol and glycerol.

Soluble in ether.

Water solubility = 580 mg/l at 25 °C

1.112 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

Density: 1.183 (technical grade mixture) of cis and trans isomers.

1.185 No temp

3.0 [mmHg]

Vapor pressure: 74-76 deg/40 mm 85% technical grade mixture

3 mm Hg @ 25 °C

3 [mm Hg] @25 °C

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride/.

Corrodes metal when wet. /Dichlorobutene/

Index of refraction: 1.4874 technical grade 85% of cis and trans isomers.

Index of refraction: 1.4863 @ 25 °C

Heat of combustion: -17,500 Btu/lb = -9,720 cal/g = -407x10+5 J/kg /Dichlorobutene/

Heat of vaporization: 130 Btu = 73 cal/g = 3.1x10+5 J/kg /Dichlorobutene/

Nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy

Optical coefficient

Quadrupole coupling

Refractive index

Other Classes -> Halogenated Aliphatics, Unsaturated

Highly flammable. Reacts slowly with water to form hydrochloric acid. Insoluble in water.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Unsaturated

Highly Flammable

Halogenated unsaturated aliphatic compounds, such as 1,4-DICHLORO-2-BUTENE, are moderately or very reactive. Halogenated organics generally become less reactive as more of their hydrogen atoms are replaced with halogen atoms. Low molecular weight haloalkanes are highly flammable and can react with some metals to form dangerous products. Materials in this group are incompatible with strong oxidizing and reducing agents. Also, they are incompatible with many amines, nitrides, azo/diazo compounds, alkali metals, and epoxides.

/Dichlorobutene/ reacts slowly with water to form hydrochloric acid. /Dichlorobutene/

Classification of carcinogenicity: evidence in animals: inadequate. No epidemiological data relevant to the carcinogenicity of trans-1,4-dichlorobutene were available. Overall summary evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans is Group 3. The agent is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.

A2; Suspected human carcinogen.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Suspected Human.

1,4-Dichloro-2-butene

PDF Document

Suggestive evidence of carcinogenic potential

PPRTV Current

LC50 (rat) = 86 ppm/4hr

LC50 Rat Inhalation 86 ppm/4 hr.

LD50 Rat oral 89 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 190 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse iv 56 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbit skin 620 mg/kg

Stabilization: Treatment is largely supportive. Watch for respiratory depression & arrhythmias. Obtain arterial blood gases. Administer oxygen if there is evidence of altered mental status or dyspnea. Treat hypotension with volume expansion & vasopression. Use lidocaine or beta-blockers for ventricular arrhythmias. Skin: Remove contaminated clothing. Wash affected area with soap & copious amounts or water. Eye: Irrigate the eye for 15-20 min. Obtain a consultation if symptoms persist. Oral: Most of the halogenated solvents ingested in quantities of 1-2 swallows may be partially removed by ipecac-induced emesis if admin within a few hr to a patient who has not lost the gag reflex, is not seizing, is not markedly lethargic, or is not in coma. Observe the patient in the upright position to lessen the possibility of aspiration. Activated charcoal is probably ineffective. Inhalation: Move from the contaminated area. Provide a source of oxygen & prepare for mechanical ventilation. If the patient is unconscious & the pulse is absent, initiate CPR measures. Enhancement of Elimination: Maintain good ventilation. Hemodialysis or hemoperfusion are not likely to be useful because of the high lipophilic properties of these solvents. Antidote: N-acetylcysteine may restore depleted glutathione stores, but no adequate clinical studies are available to validate this possible treatment. Supportive Care: Watch for cardiac dysrhythmias, aspiration pneumonitis, hepatotoxicity, & hypoxic encephalopathy. Monitor for arrhythmia for at least 24 hr & for hepatorenal failure for about 3 days. Obtain a chest x-ray, arterial blood gas, EKG, serum creatinine, & hepatic aminotransferase. Check electrolyte imbalance daily. Treat renal failure with dialysis & hepatic failure with fresh frozen plasma, vitamin K, a low-protein diet, neomycin, & lactulose. Watch fluid & electrolyte balance. /Halogenated hydrocarbons/

PROTRACTED CONTACT WITH SKIN CAUSES DERMATITIS AND BLISTERING. HIGH CONCN OF VAPOR APPARENTLY HAVE DELAYED TOXIC EFFECT ON EYES, CAUSING ONSET OF IRRITATION AND LACRIMATION SEVERAL HR AFTER THE EXPOSURE, SEEMING SIMILAR TO DIMETHYL SULFATE AND OTHER ALKYLATING AGENTS IN MODE OF ACTION.

IRRITANT TO SKIN ... CAUSES BLISTERS.

HIGH CONCN OF VAPOR APPARENTLY HAVE DELAYED TOXIC EFFECT ON EYES, CAUSING ONSET OF IRRITATION & LACRIMATION SEVERAL HOURS AFTER EXPOSURE ...

... BOTH LIQ AND VAPOR ARE HIGHLY /IRRITATING AND TOXIC/ TO THE SKIN, EYES, LUNG, & INTERNAL ORGANS.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1,4-DICHLORO-2-BUTENE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

INHALATION OF 1.8 MG 1,4-DICHLOROBUTENE/CU M WITHIN 21 DAYS OF PREGNANCY DISTURBED NUCLEIC AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN RAT EMBRYOS. GLYCOGEN AND RNA DECR IN THE HEPATOCYTES. RNA ALSO DECR IN THE CEREBRAL GLIA, ALVEOLAR CELLS OF THE LUNGS, AND IN THE EPITHELIUM OF GLOMERULI. POSTIMPLANTATION MORTALITY WAS INCR. HEMORRHAGES OCCURRED IN DIAPHRAGM & STASIS IN LIVER. PLACENTAS SHOWED HYPERVOLEMIA, & THE CANALS & LACUNAE WERE EXTENDED. ACID MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES INCR IN THE SWOLLEN CONNECTIVE-TISSUE STROMA OF PLACENTAL VILLI. CHORIONIC EPITHELIUM SHOWED DYSTROPHY & RNA WAS DECREASED. THE INCREASED PERMEABILITY OF PLACENTAL VESSELS LED TO DETERIORATION OF THE OXYGEN SUPPLY FOR THE EMBRYOS WHICH IN TURN CAUSED SWELLING, HEMORRHAGES, & THE DECREASE IN RNA. THE SYNDROME WAS AGGRAVATED BY TRANSPLACENTAL TRANSLOCATION OF 1,4-DICHLOROBUTENE. THE SAME ORGANS WHICH WERE AFFECTED IN EMBRYOS WERE ALSO AFFECTED IN THE MOTHERS WHICH SHOWED AN INCREASED VULNERABILITY TO 1,4-DICHLOROBUTENE IN COMPARISON WITH NONPREGNANT RATS.

1,4-DICHLOROBUTENE-2 (76.8% TRANS & 21.6% CIS ISOMER, BP 152 °C) INDUCED RECESSIVE LETHAL MUTATIONS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. THE BASIC TECHNIQUE FOR THE DETECTION OF RECESSIVE-LETHAL MUTATIONS ON THE X-CHROMOSOME SERVED TO INDICATE MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY. TEST SUBSTANCE WAS DISSOLVED IN DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE (DMSO) & DIL WITH 5% SUCROSE TO GIVE FINAL DMSO CONTENTS OF 1% & 1,4-DICHLOROBUTENE-2 TEST CONCN OF 2.0, 2.5, 4.0 & 5.0 MMOLAR. ADULT MALES (2-3 DAYS OLD) OF WILD-TYPE STRAIN BERLIN K WERE TREATED AT 25 °C FOR 1-2 DAYS WITH A STD FEEDING TECHNIQUE, THEN INDIVIDUALLY MATED WITH VIRGIN FEMALES AT RATE OF 3-4 FEMALES PER MALE. ALL CULTURES WERE MAINTAINED AT 25 °C & SUSPECTED RECESSIVE LETHALS WERE EXAM IN F3 GENERATION. 1,4-DICHLORO-BUTENE-2 & THE EPOXIDE [1,4-DICHLORO-2,3-EPOXYBUTANE (PURITY 97%, MIXTURE OF CIS & TRANS ISOMERS)] EXERTED ABOUT EQUAL MUTAGENIC ACTIVITIES, FOLLOWED BY 1-CHLOROPRENE WHICH WAS MORE ACTIVE THAN THE LEAST MUTAGENIC CHLOROPRENE. THIS RANKING IS CONSISTENT WITH THE PATTERN OF ACTIVITY OBTAINED FOR THESE CMPD IN THE 4-(4-NITROBENZYL)PYRIDINE (NBP) TEST.

MUTAGENICITY, EXPRESSED AS NUMBER OF HIST+ REVERTANTS PER UMOL OF TEST CMPD PER HR OF EXPOSURE, WAS ESTIMATED IN 2 STRAINS OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM IN THE PRESENCE OF A POSTMITOCHONDRIAL MOUSE LIVER SUPERNATANT, FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO 1,4-DICHLOROBUTENE-2 VAPORS. 1,4-DICHLOROBUTENE-2 WAS MUTAGENIC PER SE, & THE ADDITION OF MICROSOMAL FRACTIONS FROM HUMAN OR MOUSE LIVER ENHANCED THE MUTAGENICITY. A SYNTHETIC PUTATIVE METABOLITE, 1,4-DICHLORO-2,3-EPOXYBUTANE WAS LESS MUTAGENIC THAN PARENT OLEFIN IN STRAIN TA100.

Rats were exposed for 6 hr/day on days 6-15 of gestation (sperm-pos vaginal smear considered day 1) to 1,4-dichlorobutene-2 (0.5 and 5.0 ppm). Only effect was reduced rate of wt gain seen at 5.0 ppm level. Exposure did not change either the number of pregnant rats or the number of implantation sites, resorption sites, and fetuses/per female. Treatment did not affect embryonal development. There was a dose-related incr in wavy ribs in the litters and fetuses. However, it was neither embryotoxic nor teratogenic. SRP: In another study, lifetime inhalation studies in rats showed tumors in the nasal turbinate area following exposure to 0.5 or 5 ppm.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1,4-DICHLORO-2-BUTENE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Chronic toxicity and oncogenicity were evaluated in male Crl:CD(SD)BR rats exposed to 1,4-dichloro-2-butene (DCB) via inhalation at concentrations of (number of rats): 0 (160), 0.10 (150), 0.31 (150) or 1.0 ppm (128) for 6 hrs/day, 5 days/week for 3-19 months with rats surviving 19 months of exposure held without treatment for an additional 5 months. All groups exhibited infection by Corynebacterium kutscheri which especially affected the chronic toxicity portion of the tests. After adjusting for effects due to the infection, there was a statistical increase in mortality in the high dose group. There were significant dose-related increases in treated groups relative to controls in various nasal tumors (dose group(ppm)/month first observed): benign tumors in the respiratory region of the nasal cavity (1.0/10 months, 0.31/12 months, 0.10/19 months), and malignant tumors in the olfactory region (1.0/12 months, 0.31/19 months). The increase in tumor incidence was statistically significant at all exposure concentrations for benign tumors, at 1.0 ppm for malignant tumors and at 0.3 and 1.0 ppm for both types of tumors combined. The infection did not appear to affect tumor incidence although the infection reduced the numbers of rats at risk due to an increased mortality.

Chronic toxicity and oncogenicity were evaluated in male and female Charles River Chr:CD rats (140/sex/group) exposed to 1,4-dichloro-2-butene (DCB) via inhalation at concentrations of 0, 0.5 for 6 hrs/day, 5 days/week for 2 yrs or at 5.0 ppm for 7 months followed by 2.5 ppm for 17 months (reduced due to excessive body weight loss and respiratory difficulty). There were significant dose-related differences between high-dose level and control animals of both sexes in the following: body weights and mortality (decreased and increased respectively), poorly differentiated and highly invasive nasal carcinomas and tracheal epithelial metaplasia (increased at 1 yr sacrifice), benign nasal adenomas (at 18 months), and primarily malignant nasal tumors, many of which metastasized to the cervical lymph nodes and lungs, including adenomas/carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, mixed carcinomas, rhabdomyosarcomas, and carcinosarcomas and a few benign nasal tumors (at 2 yrs). Pulmonary squamous cell carcinomas were observed in 3 high-dose males. Greater incidences of benign adenomas or hemangiomas and malignant tumors were observed in both sexes at low-dose level. Also observed in high-dose level animals were increases in the following: rhinitis, tracheal luminal exudate, atelectasis, suppurative pneumonia, and hyperplasia of the bone marrow (statistical significance not reported).

LD50 Poecilia reticulata (Guppy) << 40 mg/l/7 day

2.10e-03

9.40e-03

6.70e-04

2.90e-03

1.30e-03

4.0E+03(G)

4.20e-03

Volatile

5.54e+02

7.40e-03

LD50 Poecilia reticulata (Guppy) << 40 mg/l/7 day

2.10e-03

9.40e-03

6.70e-04

2.90e-03

1.30e-03

4.0E+03(G)

4.20e-03

Volatile

5.54e+02

7.40e-03

3.20e-02

5.19e+02

2.10e-01

9.40e-01

6.70e-02

2.90e-01

1.30e-01

4.0E+03 (G)

7.40e-01

3.20e+00

1,4-Dichloro-2-butene's production and use as a starting material in the manufacture of adiponitrile, butane-1,4-diol and tetrahydrofuran may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. It also occurs as an intermediate in the production of chloroprene. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 3 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1,4-dichloro-2-butene will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,4-dichloro-2-butene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone molecules. The half-life for the reaction in air with hydroxyl radicals is estimated to be 10-12 hours and the reaction with ozone molecules is about 8-16 days (range for cis and trans isomers). If released to soil, 1,4-dichloro-2-butene is expected to have moderate mobility based upon a Koc of 215. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.8X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. 1,4-Dichloro-2-butene may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. In a soil degradation study, approximately 5-15% of initially added 1,4-dichloro-2-butene (cis-isomer) was volatilized over a 7 day period. The hydrolysis half-life of 1,4-dichloro-2-butene was measured as 3.2 days under neutral conditions, suggesting hydrolysis may be an important fate process in moist soils and water. If released into water, 1,4-dichloro-2-butene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 hours and 5 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 14 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure to 1,4-dichloro-2-butene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,4-dichloro-2-butene is produced or used. (SRC)

1,4-Dichloro-2-butene's production and use as a starting material in the manufacture of adiponitrile, butane-1,4-diol and tetrahydrofuran(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams (SRC). It also occurs as an intermediate in the production of chloroprene(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 215(2) indicates that 1,4-dichloro-2-butene is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,4-dichloro-2-butene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.8X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 3 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 580 mg/l(3). The potential for volatilization of 1,4-dichloro-2-butene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). In a soil degradation study, approximately 5-15% of initially added 1,4-dichloro-2-butene was recovered in gas-traps after a 7-day period indicating soil volatilization had occurred(2). Soil degradation studies conducted over a week incubation period in a sandy loam and silt loam soils found degradation half-lives of 1.8 to 2.5 days in both sterile and non-sterile soils(2); degradation rates in non-sterile soils were not significantly faster than in sterile soils indicating that abiotic or evaporative processes were more important than biological processes for 1,4-dichloro-2-butene (cis-isomer)(2,4). The hydrolysis half-life of 1,4-dichloro-2-butene was measured as 3.2 days under neutral conditions(5), suggesting hydrolysis may be an important fate process in moist soils.

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 215(SRC), indicates that 1,4-dichloro-2-butene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.8X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 3 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 580 mg/l(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 hours and 5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 14(SRC), from its water solubility(4) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. The hydrolysis half-life of 1,4-dichloro-2-butene was measured as 3.2 days under neutral conditions(6). Limited soil data suggest that biodegradation will not be an important fate process in water since volatilization and hydrolysis are expected to occur rapidly(2,7).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,4-dichloro-2-butene, which has a vapor pressure of 3 mm Hg at 25 °C(1) is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,4-dichloro-2-butene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone molecules(SRC). The half-life for the reaction in air is estimated to be 12 hours for the cis isomer and about 10 hours for the trans isomer(SRC), calculated from its rate constants of 3.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec and 3.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) for the cis and trans isomers, respectively, using a structure estimation method(3). The half-life for the reaction with ozone is estimated to be 16 days for the cis isomer and about 8 days for the trans isomer(SRC), calculated from its rate constants of 7.1X10-19 cu cm/molecule-sec and 1.4X10-18 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) for the cis and trans isomers, respectively, using a structure estimation method(3).

Soil degradation studies conducted over a week incubation period in a sandy loam and silt loam soils found degradation half-lives of 1.8 to 2.5 days in both sterile and non-sterile soils(1); degradation rates in non-sterile soils were not significantly faster than in sterile soils indicating that abiotic or evaporative processes were more important than biological processes for 1,4-dichloro-2-butene (cis-isomer)(1,2).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,4-dichloro-2-butene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec and 3.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) for the cis and trans isomers, respectively, using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 12 hours for the cis isomer and about 10 hours for the trans isomer at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,4-dichloro-2-butene with ozone has been estimated as 7.1X10-19 cu cm/molecule-sec and 1.4X10-18 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) for the cis and trans isomers, respectively, using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 16 days for the cis isomer and about 8 days for the trans isomer at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(2). The neutral hydrolysis rate constant of 1,4-dichloro-2-butene (cis- and trans-isomers) have been experimentally determined to be 0.009 to 0.0091/hr at 25 °C which corresponds to a half-life of 3.2 days(3).

An estimated BCF of 17 was calculated for 1,4-dichloro-2-butene(SRC), using a water solubility of 580 mg/l(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using sandy loam and silt loam soils, the Koc of 1,4-dichloro-2-butene (cis-isomer) was experimental determined to be 215(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this Koc value suggests that 1,4-dichloro-2-butene has moderate mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 1,4-dichloro-2-butene is estimated as 5.8X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure, 3 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 580 mg/l(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,4-dichloro-2-butene is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 2 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). 1,4-Dichloro-2-butene's estimated Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 1,4-dichloro-2-butene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon the vapor pressure of this compound(1). In a soil degradation study, approximately 5-15% of initially added 1,4-dichloro-2-butene (cis-isomer) was recovered in gas-traps after a 7-day period indicating soil volatilization(3).

Occupational exposure to 1,4-dichloro-2-butene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,4-dichloro-2-butene is produced or used. (SRC)

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U074, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Corrosive Flammable Liquid