antimonypentachloride

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P264, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P363, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H411 (98.6%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 73 reports by companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Not Classified

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P260, P264, P264+P265, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P363, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

INHALATION: remove to clean air; rinse mouth and gargle with water; if overexposure is serious, get prompt medical attention.

EYES: flush eyes and eye-lids thoroughly with large amounts of water; get prompt medical attention.

SKIN: flush thoroughly with water; remove contaminated clothing; wash affected area with soap and water; if overexposure is serious, get prompt medical attention.

INGESTION: dilute by drinking water; if vomiting occurs, administer more water. If overexposure is serious, get prompt medical attention. (USCG, 1999)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required. In case of skin contact with Hydrofluoric acid (UN1790), if calcium gluconate gel is available, rinse 5 minutes, then apply gel. Otherwise, continue rinsing until medical treatment is available. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· In case of skin contact with Hydrofluoric acid (UN1790), if calcium gluconate gel is available, rinse 5 minutes, then apply gel. Otherwise, continue rinsing until medical treatment is available.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

Note: Some foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases.

SMALL FIRE: CO2 (except for Cyanides), dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Use appropriate extinguishing agents on nearby combustible fires. Use water spray to knock down acid vapors.

Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions. - Hydrogen chloride gas, Antimony oxide

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Small Spill

· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

After the material has been contained, remove it and the contaminated soil and place in plastic-lined impervious containers. If practical, transport material back to the supplier or chemical company to recover the heavy-metal content and for deactivation. If this is not practical, or facilities not available, the material should be encapsulated and buried in a specially designated chemical landfill. Alternatively, material is amenable to biological treatment at a municipal sewage treatment plant when first chemically treated and neutralized.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Antimony pentachloride (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

Separate from acids, alkalies. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location.

Storage temp: ambient; venting: pressure-vacuum.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Store under inert gas. Reacts violently with water. Air sensitive.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

3.7 [mg/m3]

4.2 [mg/m3]

25 [mg/m3]

0.5 [mg/m3], as Sb

50 mg Sb/m3 (NIOSH, 2024)

50.0 [mg/m3], as Sb

50 mg/cu m, as Sb /Antimony/

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.5 mg/cu m. /Antimony and compounds, as Sb/

Peak Exposure Recommendation: Transient increases in workers' exposure levels may exceed 3 times the value of the TLV-TWA level for no more than 15 minutes at a time, on no more than 4 occasions spaced 1 hour apart during a workday, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the value of the TLV-TWA level. In addition, the 8-hour TWA is not to be exceeded for an 8-hour work period. /Antimony and compounds, as Sb/

· Note: Some foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases.

Small Fire

· CO2 (except for Cyanides), dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

Organic vapor-acid gas type canister mask; rubber, neoprene, vinyl, etc. gloves; chemical safety goggles, plus face shield where appropriate; acid-resistant clothing, plus apron for splash protection; rubber safety shoes or boots; hard hat. (USCG, 1999)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Organic vapor acid gas type canister mask; rubber, neoprene, vinyl, ... gloves; chemical safety goggles, plus face shield where appropriate; acid resistant clothing, plus apron for splash protection; rubber safety shoes or boots; hard hat.

Protective clothing made of chlorinated polyethylene. Description of criteria for recommendations: Some data suggesting breakthrough time of approximately one hour or more.

Eye/face protection: Tightly fitting safety goggles. Faceshield (8-inch minimum). Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for Antimony pentachloride (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Antimony pentachloride, liquid appears as a reddish-yellow fuming liquid with a pungent odor. Fumes are irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes. Solidifies at 37 °F. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Used to make other chemicals, and in chemical analysis.

Antimony pentachloride solution is a reddish-yellow solution of antimony pentachloride in hydrochloric acid. It has a pungent odor and its fumes are irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes. It is decomposed by water into more hydrochloric acid with release of heat. It is corrosive to metals and tissue.

Reddish-yellow liquid with an offensive odor; Hygroscopic; [Hawley] Colorless to yellow liquid; [Merck Index] Light orange liquid; mp = 2.8 deg C; [MSDSonline]

Colorless or yellow liquid

Colorless to yellow, oily liquid

Reddish yellow, oily liquid

White liquid or monoclinic crystals

Pungent; offensive

347 °F at 760 mmHg (est.) (USCG, 1999)

BP: 69 °C at 18 mm Hg; 79 °C at 22 mm Hg; 92 °C at 30 mm Hg; 85 °C at 55 mm Hg; 102.5 °C at 68 mm Hg

Boiling point: 68 °C at 1.82 kPa. Decomposes at atmospheric pressure, 101.3 kPa

37 °F (USCG, 1999)

Reacts with water

Soluble in an aqueous solution of tartaric acid in hydrochloric acid and chloroform

Soluble in hydrochloric acid, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride

2.354 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

3.10 g/cu cm

2.336 @25 °C

1.0 [mmHg]

1 mm Hg at 22.7 °C

1 [mm Hg] @22.7 °C

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

Decomposed by excess water into hydrochloric acid and antimony pentoxide.

When heated to decomp it emits very toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride/ and antimony.

2.034 cP at 29.4 °C

Causes corrosion of metal

68.9 btu/Lb = 39.3 cal/g = 1.60X10+5 J/kg

Index of refraction: 1.5925 at 22 °C

Fumes in air. Dipole moment: 1.14 at 16.3 °C in carbon tetrachloride; mono- and tetrahydrates are formed in presence of small amountt of water. Large amounts of water can cause hydrolysis to Sb2O5.

Solidifies by absorption of moisture

Decomposed by excess water into hydrochloric acid and antimony pentoxide

Heat of solution: -211.9 btu/Lb = -117.7 cal/g = -4.925X10+5 J/kg; Heat of fusion: 8.0 cal/g

For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for Antimony pentachloride (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Metals -> Metalloid Compounds (Antimony)

Corrosives

Reactive agents - 1st degree

Fumes in air to form hydrochloric acid. Reacts with water to yield heat and antimony pentaoxide (Sb2O5) and hydrochloric acid [Merck 11th ed. 1989].

Acids, Strong Non-oxidizing

Oxidizing Agents, Strong

Halogenating Agents

Strong Oxidizing Agent

Water-Reactive

Air-Reactive

ANTIMONY PENTACHLORIDE is a strong oxidizing agent, and it is easily hydrolyzed to generate hydrochloric acid and antimony oxides.

Incompatible with N-chlorodimethylamine, oxygen difluoride, and phosphonium iodide.

Fumes in air.

Strong oxidizers, acids, halogenated acids [Note: Stibine is formed when antimony is exposed to nascent (freshly formed) hydrogen.] /Antimony/

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Antimony pentachloride is a colorless to yellow oily liquid. It is used as catalyst when replacing a fluorine substituent with chlorine in organic compounds. It is also used in analysis (testing for alkaloids and cesium), dyeing intermediates, as chlorine carrier in organic chlorinations. HUMAN STUDIES: Severe burns of cornea caused by exposure to high concentration of vapor. Inhalation causes coughing, choking, and variable symptoms of headache, dizziness, and weakness followed by pulmonary edema, difficult breathing, cyanosis, and bloody sputum. Skin contact causes severe burns. Burns heal slowly with scar formation. May produce anemia and bloody urine. Two deaths from antimony pentachloride poisoning have been reported. ANIMAL STUDIES: Antimony pentachloride is moderately toxic following acute oral exposure. Inhalation exposure of rats to 0.037 mg antimony pentachloride/L air, 2 hours/day for 4 months led to partly reversible damage to the lungs, heart, liver, kidneys and thyroid gland as well as accumulation of antimony in the spleen, heart, lymph nodes and thyroid gland. According to the available genotoxicity studies, antimony pentachloride was negative in the Salmonella/microsome test in strains TA 98 and TA 100 with and without metabolic activation, and did not increase the sister chromatid exchange rate in mammalian cells in vitro. Of three spot tests with antimony pentachloride in Bacillus subtilis, two were positive and one was negative.

The inhalation data suggest that the myocardium is a target of antimony toxicity. It is possible that antimony affects circulating glucose by interfering with enzymes of the glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways. The mechanism of action of antimony remains unclear. However, some studies suggest that antimony combines with sulfhydryl groups including those in several enzymes important for tissue respiration. The antidotal action of BAL depends on its ability to prevent or break the union between antimony and vital enzymes. Moreover, the The cause of death is believed to be essentially the same as that in acute arsenic poisoning. Antimony pentachloride reacts with water to form hydrochloric acid which has a direct corrosive effect on mucous membranes. (L793, T18, L741, A238)

No indication of carcinogenicity (not listed by IARC). (L135)

Dermal exposure to antimony can cause antimony spots (papules and pustules around sweat and sebaceous glands). Antimony poisoning can also lead to pneumoconiosis. Alterations in pulmonary function and other effects including chronic bronchitis, chronic emphysema, inactive tuberculosis, pleural adhesions, and irritation can result from inhalation of antimony. Increased blood pressure can also result from antimony poisoning. Myocardial depression, vasodilation and fluid loss may cause shock with hypotension, electrolyte disturbances and acute renal failure. Cerebral oedema, coma, convulsions, and death are possible. (L741)

Inhalation (L741) ; oral (L741) ; dermal (L741)

Abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea can result from inhalation of antimony. Dyspnea, headache, vomiting,cough, conjunctivitis, and bloody purulent discharge from nose can result from inhalation exposure. Skin or eye contact can cause pain and redness of the exposed surface. (T64, L741)

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LC50 (rat) = 720 mg/m3/2h

LD50: 1115 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (L792)

LD50: 900 mg/kg (Oral, Guinea pig) (L792)

LC50 Rat 720 mg/cu m/2 hr

LD50 rat oral 1115 mg/kg bw

LD50 Guinea pigs oral 900 mg/kg

Following oral exposure to antimony, administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Following inhalation exposure, move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. In case of eye exposure, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. Following dermal exposure, remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists. (T36)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a mediator of inflammation and has an important role in human and experimental renal diseases. Pentoxifylline (PTX) has been shown to inhibit cytokine synthesis, including TNF-alpha. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of PTX on meglumine antimonate (Sb(V)) and antimony pentachloride (SbCl(5))-induced renal toxicity in rats. Sixty Wistar rats were divided into six groups according to the treatment employed over the period of 7 days: group I-saline (NaCl 0.9%); group II-PTX plus saline; group III-meglumine antimonate (Sb(V)) plus saline; group IV-meglumine antimonate (Sb(V)) plus PTX; group V-SbCl(5) plus saline; group VI-SbCl(5) with PTX. The animals' urinary concentration ability was evaluated before and after the end of the treatment. Urine and blood osmolality, sodium and creatinine concentration, and urine volume per minute (V) were determined. Creatinine clearance (CrCl), fractional sodium excretion (FE(Na)), and urine to plasma osmolality ratio (U/P osm) were calculated. TNF-alpha concentration in blood was assessed. On the seventh day, the animals were sacrificed and their kidneys were submitted to histological analysis. The meglumine antimonate (Sb(V))-treated animals showed an impaired renal capacity to concentrate urine, with low values of the ratio U/P osm, reduction in CrCl, and an increment in TNF-alpha serum levels. PTX associated with meglumine antimonate (Sb(V)) reduced TNF-alpha serum levels and was effective in preventing renal functional alterations. Rats treated with SbCl(5) showed functional and histopathologic alterations compatible with acute tubular necrosis, and treatment with PTX did not prevent SbCl(5)-induced nephrotoxicity. PTX was effective in preventing renal functional alterations induced by meglumine antimonate (Sb(V)) in rats.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

Call for medical aid. ... Move victim to fresh air. If breathing has stopped, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. ... Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Flush affected areas with plenty of water. If in eyes, hold eyelids open and flush with plenty of water. If swallowed and victim is conscious, have victim drink water or milk. Do not induce vomiting.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Severe burns of cornea ... caused by exposure to high concn of vapor ... .

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation causes coughing, choking, and variable symptoms of headache, dizziness, and weakness followed by pulmonary edema, difficult breathing, cyanosis, and bloody sputum. Skin contact causes severe burns. Burns heal slowly with scar formation. May produce anemia and bloody urine.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Occupational exposures are usually by inhalation of dust containing ... antimony pentachloride ... . Effects may be acute, particularly from /pentachloride/ ... exposures, producing a rhinitis and even acute pulmonary edema.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ In man, antimony-V-chloride is irritant or corrosive to the skin and mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and can cause pulmonary edema.

/CASE REPORTS/ The effects of poisoning with diborane, hydrogen-sulfide (H2S), chlorine, phosgene, carbon-monoxide, or antimony-pentachloride were examined in 55 patients with pulmonary edema. Most of the cases of intoxication resulted from accidental acute exposure to gaseous agents in industrial settings. Chlorine gas in low concentrations induced damage to the mucosa of the nose and throat because of the solubility of the gas in water. Greater concentrations gave rise to severe pulmonary congestion and edema due to the hydrolysis of chlorine to hydrochloric-acid in the parenchymal lung tissue. Phosgene produced irritation of the conjunctiva, nasal, and pharyngeal membranes at low concentrations. At higher exposures, bronchial, bronchiolar, and alveolar inflammatory reactions ensued. At low exposures to H2S, damage occurred in the conjunctiva, cornea, and pharyngeal membranes. A more prolonged exposure to low concentrations evoked damage to the respiratory tract and produced pulmonary edema. Following high exposure to H2S, central nervous system depression developed with respiratory and olfactory paralysis. All patients with diborane intoxication survived; there were two deaths from H2S poisoning and two deaths from antimony-pentachloride poisoning. All patients received oxygen therapy (at 60 to 80 percent), usually with intermittent positive pressure breathing. The authors conclude that narcotic agents should not be administered to patients with respiratory depression. Victims of poisonings such as those described should be treated in intensive care units.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Antimony-V-chloride is moderately toxic following acute oral exposure (LD50 rat oral 1115 mg/kg body weight). According to an unclear citation in the literature, the 2-hour LC50 in the rat is 720 mg/cu m.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ A limited subchronic study gave weak indications of partly reversible damage to the lungs, heart, liver, kidneys and thyroid gland as well as accumulation of antimony in the spleen, heart, lymph nodes and thyroid gland, following inhalation exposure of rats to 0.037 mg antimony-V-chloride/L air, 2 hours/day for 4 months.

/GENOTOXICITY/ The rec, Salmonella mutagenicity, and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assays were conducted to evaluate the genotoxicity of three beryllium, three gallium, and four antimony compounds. Fifty milligrams samples of beryllium-chloride (BeCl2), beryllium-nitrate (Be(NO3)2), beryllium-oxide ((BeO), gallium-chloride (GaCl3), gallium-nitrate (Ga(NO3)3), gallium-oxide (GaO3), antimony-chloride (SbCl3), antimony-oxide (Sb2O3), antimony-pentachloride (SbCl5), and antimony-pentoxide (Sb2O5) were dissolved in distilled water and diluted serially two fold for the assays; both negative and positive controls were used. The rec assays involved spores of Bacillus-subtilis-M45 and Bacillus-subtilis-H17 and the SCE assays involved V79-Chinese-hamster cells. The Salmonella mutagenicity assays used the (TA100) and (TA98) strains and were conducted in the presence of rat liver-S9. In the rec assay, DNA damaging activity was exhibited by BeCl2, Be(NO3)2, GaCl3, Ga(NO3)3, SbCl3, SbCl5, and Sb2O3. None of the tested compounds were mutagenic to Salmonella and only SbCl3, Sb3O3, BeCl2, and Be(NO3)2 significantly induced sister chromatid exchanges. One of the antimony(III) compound, Sb2O3, was positive in both the rec and SCE assays at very low doses.

/GENOTOXICITY/ According to the available genotoxicity studies, antimony-V-chloride is negative in the Salmonella/microsome test in strains TA 98 and TA 100 with and without metabolic activation, and does not increase the sister chromatid exchange rate in mammalian cells in vitro. Of three spot tests with antimony-V-chloride in Bacillus subtilis, two were positive and one was negative. Overall, the genotoxic potential of the substance cannot be evaluated based on these studies.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

After the material has been contained, remove it and the contaminated soil and place in plastic-lined impervious containers. If practical, transport material back to the supplier or chemical company to recover the heavy-metal content and for deactivation. If this is not practical, or facilities not available, the material should be encapsulated and buried in a specially designated chemical landfill. Alternatively, material is amenable to biological treatment at a municipal sewage treatment plant when first chemically treated and neutralized.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

/GUIDE 157 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. For UN1796, UN1826, UN2031 at high concentrations and for UN2032, these may act as oxidizers, also consult GUIDE 140. Vapors may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars, etc.). Substance may react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases and runoff. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water. /Antimony pentachloride, liquid; Antimony pentachloride, solution/

/GUIDE 157 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Reaction with water or moist air may release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Antimony pentachloride, liquid; Antimony pentachloride, solution/

/GUIDE 157 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Antimony pentachloride, liquid; Antimony pentachloride, solution/

/GUIDE 157 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Antimony pentachloride, liquid; Antimony pentachloride, solution/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Antimony pentachloride (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1730; Antimony pentachloride, liquid

UN 1731; Antimony pentachloride, solution

IMO 8; Antimony pentachloride liquid; Antimony pentachloride solution

49 323 10; Antimony pentachloride

49 323 12; Antimony pentachloride, solution

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Antimony pentachloride, liquid and antimony pentachloride, solution are included on the dangerous goods list. /Antimony pentachloride, liquid; Antimony pentachloride, solution/

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Antimony pentachloride, liquid and antimony pentachloride, solution are included on the dangerous goods list. /Antimony pentachloride, liquid; Antimony pentachloride, solution/

Corrosive