Phosphoric Acid

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (4 of 4293) of reports.

H290 (18%): May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]

H302 (15.1%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H314 (99.9%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (18.2%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P234, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P363, P390, P405, P406, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 4293 reports by companies from 81 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 4 of 4293 reports by companies.

There are 80 notifications provided by 4289 of 4293 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P321, P330, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H313: May be harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P317, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P260, P261, P264, P271, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer immediately for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give nothing to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Phosphoric acid:

Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: WATER FLUSH IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Water flush immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact of the substance with water.

Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for surrounding fire.

If material /is/ involved in /a/ fire, extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

If material /is/ on fire or involved in /a/ fire, extinguish fire using agent suitible for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use dry chemical, dry sand, or carbon dioxide. Do not use water on material itself. If large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray or fog. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. /Phosphoric acid, corrosive liquids N.O.S./

Flammable /hydrogen/ gas is formed on contact with metals.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Ventilate area of spill or leak. If in the solid form, collect spilled material in the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for disposal in a secured sanitary landfill. If in the liquid form, collect for reclamation or absorb in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material.

Cellosized absorbent material may be used for vapor suppression and containment of spills.

Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Vapor knockdown water is corrosive or toxic and should be diked for containment.

Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (slaked lime), crushed limestone, or sodium bicarbonate. Adjust pH to neutral (pH-7). Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. Neutralize with agricultural lime, crushed limestone, or sodium bicarbonate.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Technology appropriate for incineration: Rotary kiln.

Technology appropriate for incineration: Venturi scrubber.

Neutralization & landfill: Neutralize with soda ash or soda ash-slaked lime mixture (1:1) and bury in an approved landfill.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Ventilation control: acid cleaning: nature and extent of ventilation control required depends on rate of acid mist escape; where exposure ... mild ... addition of inhibitor may make process or slot ventilation unnecessary. Inhibitors should never be added to automatically timed conveyorized job without adjustment ... .

Phosphoric acid solution in water is used alone or with a mixture of alcohols and ethers, including butyl cellosolve, to remove light rust on steel ... If mists, fogs, or elevated temperatures are involved, ventilation control is necessary.

In presence of impurities in metals, nascent hydrogen may be generated which could lead to formation of phosphine gas. It is necessary to avoid inhalation of vapors coming from phosphoric acid metal cleaning tanks. Slotted local exhaust ventilation and upper edges of ... tanks ... recommended.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for PHOSPHORIC ACID (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Dry. Well closed. Separated from food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Separated from food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Store only in original container. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from alkalies and most metals.

The hot concentrated acid attacks porcelain and granite ware. Phosphoric acid may be stored in suitable stainless steel containers.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

2.0 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

3.0 [mg/m3]

30 [mg/m3]

150 [mg/m3]

TWA 1 mg/m3 ST 3 mg/m3

1.0 [mg/m3]

TWA 1 mg/m3 See Appendix G

1000 mg/m3 (NIOSH, 2024)

1000.0 [mg/m3]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: According to MCA [1958], phosphoric acid does not cause any systemic effect, and the chance of pulmonary edema from mist or spray inhalation is very remote. The rat oral LD50 of 1,530 mg/kg [Biofax 1970] cited by NIOSH provides a calculated IDLH of about 10,000 mg/m3. . . . Basis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for phosphoric acid is 1,000 mg/m3 based on acute oral toxicity data in animals [Biofax 1970]. This may be a conservative value due to the lack of relevant acute toxicity data for workers.

1000 mg/cu m

1000 mg/m³

1000 mg/m3

See: 7664382

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 1 mg/cu m; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 3 mg/cu m.

1 mg/m³ [1992]

3 mg/m³ [1992]

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

ERPG-1: 3 mg/m3 - one hour exposure limit: 1 = mild transient health effects or objectionable odor [AIHA]

ERPG-2: 30 mg/m3 - one hour exposure limit: 2 = impaired ability to take protective action [AIHA]

ERPG-3: 150 mg/m3 - one hour exposure limit: 3 = life threatening health effects [AIHA]

Australia: 1 mg/cu m, STEL 3 mg/cu m (1990); Sweden: 1 mg/cu m (mist), short-term value 3 mg/cu m, 15 min (1990); United Kingdom: 1 mg/cu m, 10 min STEL 3 mg/cu m (1991)

A harmful contamination of the air will not or will only very slowly be reached on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation may cause asthma-like reactions (RADS). Exposure could cause asphyxiation due to swelling in the throat. Inhalation of high concentrations may cause lung oedema, but only after initial corrosive effects on the eyes and the upper respiratory tract have become manifest. Inhalation of high concentrations may cause pneumonitis.

The substance may have effects on the upper respiratory tract and lungs. This may result in chronic inflammation and reduced lung function . Mists of this strong inorganic acid are carcinogenic to humans.

Residues of phosphoric acid are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Use: buffer. Limit: none.

Phosphoric acid appears as a clear colorless liquid or transparent crystalline solid. The pure solid melts at 42.35 °C and has a density of 1.834 g / cm3. Liquid is usually an 85% aqueous solution. Shipped as both a solid and liquid. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Used in making fertilizers and detergents and in food processing.

Large Crystals; CBI; Dry Powder; Other Solid; Liquid; Dry Powder; Liquid; Liquid; Other Solid

Clear, colourless, viscous liquid

Thick, colorless, odorless, crystalline solid. [Note: Often used in an aqueous solution.]; [NIOSH]

HYGROSCOPIC COLOURLESS CRYSTALS.

CLEAR COLOURLESS ODOURLESS LIQUID.

Thick, colorless, odorless, crystalline solid.

Thick, colorless, odorless, crystalline solid. [Note: Often used in an aqueous solution.]

Unstable orthorhombic crystals or clear syrupy liquid

Colorless, sparkling liquid or transparent, crystalline solid, depending on concentration and temperature. At 20 °C the 50% and 75% strengths are mobile liquids, the 85% is of syrupy consistency; the 100% acid is in the form of crystals.

Colorless viscous liquid

Thick, colorless crystalline solid [Note: Often used in an aqueous solution]

Odorless

Acid taste

greater than 266 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

3.4 (Air = 1 at the boiling point of phosphoric acid)

158.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

407 °C @760 [mm Hg]

108 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

Melting point: 75% -17.5 °C; 80% 4.6 °C; 85% 21 °C.

Hygroscopic; Latent heat of fusion = 10.5 kJ/mol at the melting point; Heat capacity at constant pressure = 106.2 J/mole (25 °C).

White, monoclinic crystalline solid; MP; melts at 42.35 °C; the hemihydrate has a melting point of 29.25 °C /Pure, 100% phosphoric acid/

41.00 to 44.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

Miscible (NIOSH, 2024)

Soluble in water, alcohol; soluble in 8 volumes of 3:1 ether:alcohol mixture

Soluble in ethanol

548 g/100 g water at 20 °C

1000 mg/mL

Solubility in water: miscible

Solubility in water: very soluble

Miscible

1.892 at 77 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.8741 (100% solution); 1.6850 (85% solution); 1.334 (50% solution), all at 25 °C /Phosphoric acid solutions/

Density at 25 °C: 75% 1.574; 80% 1.628; 85% 1.685

/Bulk density =/ 15.6 lb/gal. /Phosphoric acid, liquid or solution/

1.9 g/cm³

Density (at 25 °C): 1.7 g/cm³

1.87 (pure) 1.33 (50% solution)

1.834 @ 18°C

(77 °F): 1.87 (pure) 1.33 (50% solution)

Soluble in water with small release of heat.

Acids, Weak

PHOSPHORIC ACID reacts exothermically with bases. May react with active metals, including such structural metals as aluminum and iron, to release hydrogen, a flammable gas. Can initiate the polymerization of certain classes of organic compounds. Reacts with cyanide compounds to release gaseous hydrogen cyanide. May generate flammable and/or toxic gases in contact with dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, nitriles, sulfides, and strong reducing agents. Forms explosive mixture with nitromethane. Reacts violently with sodium tetrahydroborate. In the presence of chlorides can corrode stainless steel to form explosive hydrogen gas. Emits toxic and irritating fumes of oxides of phosphorus when heated to decomposition [Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 1029].

Reacts with metals to liberate flammable hydrogen gas.

With sodium tetrahydroborate: Interaction of sodium and other tetrahydroborates with anhydrous acids (phosphoric acid) to generate diborane is very exothermic, and may be dangerously violent with rapid mixing.

Heat generated with: Alcohols and glycols; Aldehydes; Amides; Amines; Azo-compounds; Carbamates; Caustics; Esters; Ketones; Phenols and cresols; Organophosphates; Epoxides; Combustible materials; Explosives; Unsaturated halides; And organic peroxides.

Formation of flammable gases with: Aldehydes; Cyanides; Mercaptans; and sulfides. Formation of toxic fumes with: Cyanides; Fluorides; Halogenated organics; Sulfides; And organic peroxides.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for PHOSPHORIC ACID (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Strong caustics, most metals [Note: Readily reacts with metals to form flammable hydrogen gas. DO NOT MIX WITH SOLUTIONS CONTAINING BLEACH OR AMMONIA.]

The CIR Expert Panel concluded that the following 31 ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetics as described in this safety assessment, when formulated to be non-irritating...Phosphoric Acid...

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

Phosphoric acid

Respiratory

1 x 10 ^-2 mg/m^3

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Serious local effects by all routes of exposure.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing.

Redness. Pain. Blisters. Serious skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Severe burns.

Burns in mouth and throat. Burning sensation behind the breastbone. Abdominal pain. Vomiting. Shock or collapse.

irritation eyes, skin, upper respiratory system; eye, skin, burns; dermatitis

Eyes, skin, respiratory system

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

FAO/WHO EXPERT COMMITTEE ON FOOD ADDITIVES...RECOMMENDED.../LEVELS/ FOR TOTAL DIETARY PHOSPHORUS...UNCONDITIONAL ACCEPTANCE LEVEL /OF LESS THAN 30 MG/KG BODY WT/ IS CONSIDERED SAFE IN ANY TYPE OF DIET...CONDITIONAL ACCEPTANCE LEVEL /OF 30-70 MG/KG BODY WT/ IS ACCEPTABLE ONLY WHEN DIETARY CALCIUM LEVEL IS HIGH /PHOSPHATES/

Phosphoric Acid

4.86 x 10^1 mg/kg-day

PDF Document

Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential

IRIS Current

PPRTV Current

LC50 (rat) > 850 mg/m3/1H

TCLo inhalation human 100 mg/cu m

LC50 Rabbit inhalation 1.689 mg/L 1 hr

LD50 Rat oral 1530 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbit skin 2740 mg/kg

Irrigate eyes with water; wash contaminated part of body with soap and water; gastric lavage (stomach wash) taking care not to perforate the gastrointestinal tract, if swallowed.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Inorganic acids and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist respirations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. Activated charcoal is not effective. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Inorganic acids and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's(LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Inorganic acids and related compounds/

Initial medical examination: Employees should be screened for history of certain medical conditions (chronic respiratory disease, skin disease) which might place the employee at increased risk from phosphoric acid exposure. Periodic medical examination: Any employee developing impaired pulmonary function or dermatitis should be referred for further medical examination.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Studies on 15 students, who drank 2000-4000 mg of phosphoric acid in fruit juices every day for 10 days, and on 2 males who received 3900 mg of phosphoric acid every day for 14 days, revealed no observable change in urine composition indicative of a disturbed metabolism.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... 15 non-smoking adults aged 18-36 yr exposed to phosphoric acid aerosols. No airways irritation was reported at a concentration of 1.6 mg/cu m. 18% of subjects reported airways irritation at 7.2 mg/cu m and 82% at 11.0 mg/cu m.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In a study in which the daily basal diet of 4 men contained 450 mg calcium and 1400 mg phosphorus, supplementation with 750 mg phosphorus as phosphoric acid for 1 week resulted in a slight decrease in urinary excretion of calcium. When the treatment was continued for 12 weeks, there was a further decrease in urinary calcium excretion.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid) topically may irritate and injure the eyes, owing to its acidity, but systemically phosphate has no poisonous action on the eye. Tested on human eyes, 0.16 M orthophosphoric acid buffered to pH 2.5 caused moderate brief stinging sensation but no injury when applied as a single drop. A drop of the same solution adjusted to pH 3.4 caused no discomfort.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PHOSPHORIC ACID (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Application of 0.5mL of commercial product to clipped skin of New Zealand albino rabbits under semi-occlusive dressings for ... 4 hr. /Solutions of/ 75 and 80% phosphoric acid was considered as non-corrosive while 85% acid was corrosive /to skin./ ... /After/ 24 hr, solutions from 75 - 85% phosphoric acid were corrosive to skin.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Irrigation of rabbit's eye for five min with orthophosphoric acid diluted to pH 3.8 caused slight transient epithelial edema and conjunctival hyperemia but eye was completely normal by next day.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ /A/ static open-system 96 hr acute toxicity test using Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill sunfish) /was conducted/. After a 1 wk stabilization period, the fish in four of the aquaria were subjected to increasing concentrations of each acid, so that a decremental pH series of 7.5, 5.0, 4.5, 4.0, 3.5, 3.25 and 3.0 was established. A constant pH was maintained for each 96 hour period. The remaining aquarium remained at pH 7.5 throughout the testing regimen. The 96 hour LC50 for all acids was between pH 3.5 and 3.0. No mortality was observed until the pH reached 3.5. The data indicate that the contribution by the anions to fish toxicity is similar. Thus, the quantity (and its affect on pH) rather than the quality of the acids is the primary factor in fish toxicity. In behavioral studies also reported, lowered pH results in the bluegill becoming hypoactive with respect to swimming behavior.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The concentration of hydrogen ions which caused 50% mortality of bluegill in 96 hr was between pH 3.5 and 3.0 for sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid. Therefore, it appears that any contribution by the anions of these acids to fish toxicity is similar. Thus, the quantity rather than the quality of acids is the primary factor in fish toxicity brought about by acid precipitaiton. At sublethal concentration of acids, bluegill became hypoactive with respect to their swimming behavior.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ /A/ static open-system 12 hr acute toxicity test using Daphnia magna and Daphnia pulex /was conducted/. Daphnids were exposed to various pH levels of phosphoric acids. ...The survival rate depends on the pH generated by the acid. EC50 = pH 4.6 (D. magna) and 4.1 (D. pulex).

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ /A/ static open-system 12 hr acute toxicity test using Gammarus pulex (Amphipod) /was conducted/. Amphipods were exposed to various pH levels of phosphoric acids. LC50 = pH 3.4. ...The same result was observed with Gammarus fossarum.

/PLANTS/ Plant foliage (peas, beans, beets, rape, and weeds) were destroyed by spraying with 15-20% phosphoric acid.

7.80e+04

1.10e+06

1.00e+01

4.40e+01

2.00e+04

1.5E+01(G)

1.00e+00

1.00e-02

Volatile

2.30e+05

3.40e+06

3.10e+01

1.30e+02

6.00e+04

1.5E+01 (G)

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

... PHOSPHORIC ACID, IS A NATURAL CONSTITUENT OF MANY FRUITS AND THEIR JUICES.

Aquatic Fate: While acidity may be reduced readily by natural water hardness minerals, the phosphate may persist indefinitely.

UV-VIS spectra is pH-dependent /approximately 200 nm/ and therefore not environmentally important

When spilled onto soil, phosphoric acid will infiltrate downward, the rate being greater with lower concentration because of reduced viscosity. ... During transport through the soil, phosphoric acid will dissolve some of the soil material, in particular, carbonate-based materials. The acid will be neutralized to some degree with adsorption of the proton and phosphate ions also possible. However, significant amounts of acid will remain for transport. ... /If/ reaching the groundwater table, the acid will continue to move in the direction of groundwater flow. A contaminated plume will be produced with dilution and dispersion serving to reduce the acid concentration.

Phosphoric acid was present at a relative concentration of 21.0% of organic constituents in chitin smoke from grilling/charring of some seafood. Chitin is the polysaccharide that forms the hard shell of crustaceans and insects(1).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of phosphoric acid is 1000 or greater; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

Inhalation of mist, ingestion, eye, and skin contact. /Occupational exposure/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Technology appropriate for incineration: Rotary kiln.

Technology appropriate for incineration: Venturi scrubber.

Neutralization & landfill: Neutralize with soda ash or soda ash-slaked lime mixture (1:1) and bury in an approved landfill.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Phosphoric acid; Phosphoric acid, liquid; Phosphoric acid, solid; Phosphoric acid, solution/

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. /Phosphoric acid; Phosphoric acid, liquid; Phosphoric acid, solid; Phosphoric acid, solution/

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Phosphoric acid; Phosphoric acid, liquid; Phosphoric acid, solid; Phosphoric acid, solution/

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Phosphoric acid; Phosphoric acid, liquid; Phosphoric acid, solid; Phosphoric acid, solution/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for PHOSPHORIC ACID (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1805 154(liquid or solution)

3453 154(solid)

IMO 8.0; Phosphoric acid

UN 1805; Phosphoric acid

49 302 48; Phosphoric acid

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Corrosive

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: C; R: 34; S: (1/2)-26-45; Note: B

UN Hazard Class: 8; UN Pack Group: III