Hydrofluoric Acid

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (1 of 1001) of reports.

H300 (99.8%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310 (99.8%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314 (> 99.9%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (19.4%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (99.8%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1001 reports by companies from 34 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 1001 reports by companies.

There are 33 notifications provided by 1000 of 1001 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P320, P321, P363, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H290: May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

P234, P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P390, P403+P233, P405, P406, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P321, P363, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P321, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P333+P317, P362+P364, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give nothing to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required. In case of skin contact with Hydrofluoric acid (UN1790), if calcium gluconate gel is available, rinse 5 minutes, then apply gel. Otherwise, continue rinsing until medical treatment is available. (ERG, 2024)

Warning: Hydrogen fluoride is highly corrosive. Effects may be delayed from 1 to 24 hours. Caution is advised.

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Hydrogen Fluoride Exposure: Acute exposure to hydrogen fluoride will result in irritation, burns, ulcerous lesions, and necrosis of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Total destruction of the eyes is possible. Other effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pneumonitis (inflammation of the lungs), and circulatory collapse.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to hydrogen fluoride may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as hydrogen fluoride-resistant plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to hydrogen fluoride.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. Humidified oxygen is preferred.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Transport to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to hydrogen fluoride.

3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas three times with soap and water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Transport to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. Humidified oxygen is preferred.

2. IMMEDIATELY give the victims milk or water to dilute the hydrofluoric acid: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup). Milk or water should be given only if victims are conscious and alert.

3. DO NOT induce vomiting.

4. Milk of Magnesia should be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use

2.5 mL (1/2 tsp) for children up to 1 year old, 5 mL (1 tsp) for children 1 to 12 years old, and 10 mL (2 tsp) for adults. Do not exceed 15 mL (3 tsp or 1 tbsp).

5. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

6. Activated charcoal is of no value.

7. Repeat the administration of water or milk to conscious and alert victims. Use quantities listed above (see No. 2).

8. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

Note: Some foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases.

SMALL FIRE: CO2 (except for Cyanides), dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use water on fires in which hydrofluoric acid is involved. (EPA, 1998)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

- UN 1052, anhydrous hydrogen (HF), may burn, but it does not ignite readily.

- Fire will produce irritating, corrosive, and/or toxic gases.

- For small fires involving UN 1052, use dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

- For large fires involving UN 1052, use water spray, fog, or regular foam. Move containers from the fire area if it is possible to do so without risk to personnel. Do not get water inside containers. Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

- For fire involving tanks of UN 1052, fight the fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after the fire is out. Do not direct water at the source of the leak or at safety devices; icing may occur. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tanks. Always stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

- Note: Most foams will react with UN 1790 and release corrosive/toxic gases.

- For small fires involving UN 1790, hydrofluoric acid (HF), use carbon dioxide, dry chemical, dry sand, or alcohol-resistant foam.

- For large fires involving UN 1790, use water spray, fog, or alcohol-resistant foam. Move containers from the fire area if it is possible to do so without risk to personnel. Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.

- For fire involving tanks or car/trailer loads of UN 1790, fight the fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after the fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tanks. Always stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

- Run-off from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic, and it may cause pollution.

- If the situation allows, control and properly dispose of run-off (effluent).

Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions. - Hydrogen fluoride

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Small Spill

· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.

· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.

· Isolate area until gas has dispersed.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 125 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: See ERG Tables 1 and 3 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 1052 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.

Small spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 30 m (100 ft)

Large spill:

- ISOLATE in all Directions:

-- Rail tank car: 500 m (1500 ft)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 125 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]:

Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. (ERG, 2024)

Cool. Well closed. Fireproof if in building. Ventilation along the floor. Separated from food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. See Chemical Dangers.

Store only in original container. Separated from food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Cool. Ventilation along the floor. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Hydrogen fluoride should be stored in cool, dry, well ventilated areas out of the direct rays of the sun.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Store in corrosive resistant polyethylene container with a resistant inner liner. Do not store in glass Storage class (TRGS 510): Non-combustible, acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2 / very toxic hazardous materials

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

1.0 [ppm], as F[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

AEGLs Status: Final

1.0 [ppm]

24 [ppm]

44 [ppm]

3 ppm (2 mg/m³)

6 ppm (5 mg/m³) [15 minutes]

TWA 3 ppm (2.5 mg/m3) C 6 ppm (5 mg/m3) [15-minute]

3.0 [ppm], as F

TWA 3 ppm See Appendix G

30 ppm [From NPG: Hydrogen fluoride] (NIOSH, 2024)

30 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

30.0 [ppm], as F

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: It has been stated that 50 ppm may be fatal when inhaled for 30 to 60 minutes [Deichmann and Gerarde 1969]. Volunteers tolerated concentrations as high as 4.7 ppm for 6 hours per day for 10 to 50 days without severe adverse effects [Largent 1961]

See: 7664393

0.5 [ppm], as F

2.0 [ppm], as F

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.5 ppm; Ceiling Limit: 2 ppm, skin. /Hydrogen fluoride, as F/

Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: fluoride in urine; Sampling Time: prior to shift; BEI: 2 mg/L. Determinant: fluoride in urine; Sampling Time: end of shift; BEI: 3 mg/L. The determinant may be present in biological specimens collected from subjects who have not been occupationally exposed, at a concentration which could affect interpretation of the result. Such background concentrations are incorporated in the BEI value. The determinant is nonspecific, since it is also observed after exposure to other chemicals. /Fluorides/

(as F): 0.5 ppm as TWA; 2 ppm as STEL; (skin); BEI issued.

0.5 ppm [2004]

2 ppm [2004]

1.5 mg/m

(as F): 0.83 mg/m

· Note: Some foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases.

Small Fire

· CO2 (except for Cyanides), dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

Hydrofluoric acid, solution appears as a colorless fuming mobile aqueous solution with a pungent odor. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Highly toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Exposure to fumes or very short contact with liquid may cause severe painful burns; penetrates skin to cause deep-seated ulceration that may lead to gangrene.

Hydrogen fluoride, anhydrous appears as a colorless fuming liquid boiling at 67 °F. Shipped as a liquid confined under its own vapor pressure. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Very short contact with fumes or small quantities of the liquid can cause severe, painful burns. Vapors are heavier than air. Used as a catalyst and raw material in chemical manufacture. Rate of onset: Immediate & Delayed Persistence: Minutes to hours Odor threshold: 0.4 ppm Source/use/other hazard: Aluminum and other metal industries; insecticide manufacturing-corrosive liq.

Gas Vapor; Wet Solid; CBI; Liquid

Colorless gas or fuming liquid (below 67 degrees F) with a strong, irritating odor; Note: Shipped in cylinders; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS GAS OR COLOURLESS FUMING LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

COLOURLESS FUMING LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

Colorless gas or fuming liquid (below 67 °F) with a strong, irritating odor.

Colorless gas or fuming liquid (below 67 °F) with a strong, irritating odor. [Note: Shipped in cylinders.]

Hydrogen fluoride is a colorless fuming liquid below 67°F (19.4°C), or a colorless gas. When hydrogen fluoride is combined with water it is known as hydrofluoric acid, a colorless liquid, which in low concentrations is visually indistinguishable from water. Hydrofluoric acid that is more than 40% hydrogen fluoride fumes in air.

Colorless gas, fumes in air

... Strong, irritating odor ...

152 °F at 760 mmHg for 70% solution (ICSC, 2024)

67.1 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

19.51 °C; 2.5 °C at 400 mm Hg; -13.2 °C at 200 mm Hg; -28.2 °C at 100 mm Hg; -45.0 °C at 40 mm Hg; -56.0 °C at 20 mm Hg; -74.7 °C at 5 mm Hg

20 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-92.2 °F for 70% solution (ICSC, 2024)

-118.4 °F (EPA, 1998)

-83.57 °C

-83.36 °C

Not Flammable (EPA, 1998)

Miscible (ICSC, 2024)

Miscible (NIOSH, 2024)

Miscible with water

Very soluble in water

Very soluble in alcohol, slightly soluble in ether, soluble in many organic solvents

Solubility (wt% at 5 °C): 2.54 (benzene); 1.80 (toluene); 1.28 (m-xylene); 0.27 (tetralin)

Solubility in water: very good

Solubility in water: miscible

Miscible

1.23 for 70% solution (ICSC, 2024) - Denser than water; will sink

0.991 at 67.1 °F (EPA, 1998) - Less dense than water; will float

1.002 at 0 °C/4 °C

Critical density, 0.29 g/mL; critical compressibility factor 0.117; density, liquid: 0.958 g/mL at 25 °C; heat of fusion: 3.931 kJ/mol at 83.6 °C; heat capacity at constant pressure (liquid at 16 °C): 50.6 J/(mol K); heat of formation, ideal gas: -272.5 kJ/mol at 25 °C; free energy of formation, ideal gas: -274.6 kJ/mol at 25 °C entropy, ideal gas: 173.7 J/(mol K) at 25 °C; molar refractivity: 2.13 cu cm; dielectric constant: 83.6 at 0 °C; dipole moment: 6.104X10-30 Cm; thermal conductivity at 25 °C (J/s cm °C): 4.1X10-3 (liquid); 2.1X10-4 vapor; cryoscopic constant (Kf): 1.52 m/kg °C; ebullioscopic constant (Kb): 1.9 mol/kg °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.0 (liquid at 4 °C)

Relative density (water = 1): 1.23

0.818 @25 °C

1.00 (Liquid at 67 °F)

0.69(relative gas density)

1.86 at 77 °F for 70% solution (ICSC, 2024) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

0.7 (EPA, 1998) - Lighter than air; will rise (Relative to Air)

Fumes in air. Fumes are highly irritating, corrosive, and poisonous. Generates much heat on dissolution [Merck, 11th ed., 1989]. Heat can cause spattering, fuming, etc.

Fluoride Salts, Soluble

Acids, Weak

Water and Aqueous Solutions

Water-Reactive

Air-Reactive

HYDROFLUORIC ACID attacks glass and any other silica containing material. May react with common metals (iron, steel) to generate flammable hydrogen gas if diluted below 65%. Reacts exothermically with chemical bases (examples: amines, amides, inorganic hydroxides). Can initiate polymerization in certain alkenes. Reacts with cyanide salts and compounds to release gaseous hydrogen cyanide. May generate flammable and/or toxic gases with dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, nitriles, sulfides. Additional gas-generating reactions may occur with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), and carbonates. Can catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions. Reacts explosively with cyanogen fluoride, methanesulfonic acid or glycerol mixed with nitric acid. Reacts violently with arsenic trioxide, phosphorus pentachloride, acetic anhydride, alkali metals, ammonium hydroxide, chlorosulfonic acid, ethylenediamine, fluorine, potassium permanganate, oleum, propylene oxide, vinyl acetate, mercury(II) oxide. Emits highly corrosive fumes of hydrogen fluoride gas when heated [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 1839]. Contact with many silicon compounds and metal silicides causes violent evolution of gaseous silicon tetrafluoride [Mellor, 1956, Vol. 2, suppl. 1, p. 121].

Mixing in equal molar portions with any of the following substances in a closed container caused the temperature and pressure to increase: acetic anhydride, 2-aminoethanol, chlorosulfonic acid, aqueous ammonia (48.7%), ethylenediamine, ethyleneimine, oleum, aqueous sulfuric acid (48.7%), aqueous sodium hydroxide (48.7%), propylene oxide, vinyl acetate [NFPA 1991].

HYDROGEN FLUORIDE, ANHYDROUS attacks glass and any other silica containing material. May react with common metals (iron, steel) to generate flammable hydrogen gas if diluted below 65% with water. Reacts exothermically with chemical bases (examples: amines, amides, inorganic hydroxides). Can initiate polymerization in certain alkenes. Reacts with cyanide salts and compounds to release gaseous hydrogen cyanide. May generate flammable and/or toxic gases with dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, nitriles, sulfides. Additional gas-generating reactions may occur with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), and carbonates. Can catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions. Reacts explosively with cyanogen fluoride, methanesulfonic acid or glycerol mixed with nitric acid. Reacts violently with arsenic trioxide, phosphorus pentachloride, acetic anhydride, alkali metals, ammonium hydroxide, chlorosulfonic acid, ethylenediamine, fluorine, potassium permanganate, oleum, propylene oxide, vinyl acetate, mercury(II) oxide. Emits highly corrosive fumes of hydrogen fluoride gas when heated [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 1839]. Contact with many silicon compounds and metal silicides causes violent evolution of gaseous silicon tetrafluoride [Mellor, 1956, Vol. 2, suppl. 1, p. 121].

Metals, water or steam. [Note: Corrosive to metals. Will attack glass and concrete].

Interaction of the solid /bismuthic acid/ with 40% hydrofluoric acid is violent, ozonized oxygen being evolved.

Polymerization of cyanogen fluoride is rapid at ambient temp and explosive in presence of hydrogen fluoride.

A chemical polishing soln consisting of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid (1 vol each) and glycerol (2 vols) generated enough pressure during storage for 4 hr to rupture the closed plastics container. This was caused by gas evolution from oxidation of glycerol by the strongly oxidizing mixture. A mixture of nitric acid (80 mL), hydrofluoric acid (80 mL) and glycerol (240 mL) was used immediately for etching metal, again the next day, and then stored in a stoppered flask. After some 2-3 days, the stopper was ejected and approx 300 mL was sprayed around the fume cupboard containing the flask. The metals dissolved during use further destabilize the mixture, which should not be stored under any circumstances.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for Hydrogen fluoride (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Metals, water or steam [Note: Corrosive to metals. Will attack glass and concrete.]

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Hydrogen fluoride is a gas at room temperature but it is available most frequently in aqueous solutions. Solutions up to 70% are available. It is used for etching glass and cleaning in the manufacture of glass, semiconductors, computer chips and ceramics and industrial applications. It can also be used for rust removal in commercial and home laundry operations, as well as in milling titanium, petroleum exploration, metallurgy laboratories, dental laboratories, janitorial products for tile cleaning, aluminum brighteners. HUMAN STUDIES: Hydrogen fluoride is highly corrosive to all tissues. Systemic absorption occurs following skin exposure or ingestion; severe and rapid hypocalcemia may result with cardiac dysrhythmia and arrest. The effects on the heart are due to hypocalcemia. These include the prolongation of the QT interval, arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, fibrillation and electromechanical dissociation. These effects result in hypotension and cardiac arrest. After inhalation, severe pulmonary injury may occur with pulmonary edema and bronchopneumonia. Tetany may result due to hypocalcemia after systemic absorption. Severe and delayed injury can occur with burns may develop after a symptom free interval of 24 hours. This is particularly true of exposures of dilute (<20%) solutions. With concentrated solutions (>40%), the effects are more rapid and pronounced with immediate pain and skin damage. Eye contamination causes similarly severe toxicity. Fatal exposures to hydrogen fluoride have been reported. One case involved a death due to refractory hypocalcemia about 12 hours after exposure of 2.5% body surface area to anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. A death was reported after 13 hours from a 9%-10% body surface area burn from 70% hydrogen fluoride. ANIMAL STUDIES: Experimental splash burns in rabbits have shown 20% solution to cause immediate damage with total corneal opacification with conjunctival ischemia, and corneal stromal edema within an hour, followed by necrosis of anterior ocular structures. An 8% solution produced ischemia and corneal stromal edema persisting for 40-65 days, accompanied by corneal vascularization. Even a 2% solution caused mild persistent stromal edema and vascularization, but after 0.5% solution there was recovery in 10 days. In one study rats exposed to hydrogen fluoride had hepatic centrilobular injury. When rats were exposed through inhalation to hydrogen fluoride, irritation of the mucous membranes of the eyes and nose, weakness, and a decrease in body weight were observed in the poisoned animals. Severe irritant to guinea pigs and rabbits. On exposure, the animals' eyes were kept closed, paroxysms of coughing and sneezing were frequent, respiration was slowed, and there were copious discharges from the eyes and nose. Pulmonary damage included massive hemorrhage, edema, congestion, and emphysema.Thirty day exposures of five laboratory animal species to hydrogen fluoride at levels that bracketed the maximal and minimal effects were performed at 8.6 and 30 ppm in 6-hr, daily exposures. Exposure at the higher concentration was lethal to all the rats and mice, but not to guinea pigs, rabbits, and dogs. Among the surviving animals, the rabbits showed a slight reduction in body weight, the dogs were apparently unaffected, and the guinea pigs began to lose weight after the third week of exposure. Exposure at 8.6 ppm for 6 hr/day failed to alter significantly normal weight gains in any of the animals except rabbits. Hydrogen fluoride was negative for dominant lethal mutations following inhalation exposure in mice. Increases in the occurrence of chromosome aberrations were found in the bone marrow cells of rats exposed by inhalation to 1.0 mg/cu m hydrogen fluoride 6 hours/day, 6 days/week for 1 month. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Bufo gargarizans tadpoles were chronically exposed to waterborne fluoride at measured concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 61.2 mg F-/L for 70 days from Gosner stage 26 to completion of metamorphosis. The chronic exposure caused a concentration-dependent mortality in all tested fluoride concentrations. In adult zebrafish chronic fluoride exposure impairs the redox balance, affects DNA repair machinery with pro-apoptotic implications and suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokines expression abrogating host immunity to bacterial infections.

In addition to being a highly corrosive liquid, hydrofluoric acid is also a contact poison. As with most acids HF can cause tissue burns through the denaturation of proteins and partial hydrolysis of proteins. Most proteins denature at pH values of less than 3-4. The large-scale denaturation of proteins, de-esterification of lipids and subsequent desiccation of tissues leads to chemical burns. Owing to its low acid dissociation constant, HF as a neutral lipid-soluble molecule penetrates tissue more rapidly than typical mineral acids. Because of the ability of hydrofluoric acid to penetrate tissue, poisoning can occur readily through exposure of skin or eyes, or when inhaled or swallowed. HF also interferes with nerve function, meaning that burns may not initially be painful. In the body, hydrofluoric acid reacts with the ubiquitous biologically important ions Ca2+ and Mg2+. Formation of insoluble calcium fluoride is proposed as the etiology for both precipitous fall in serum calcium and the severe pain associated with tissue toxicity. In some cases, exposures can lead to hypocalcemia. Inorganic fluoride inhibits adenylate cyclase activity required for antidiuretic hormone effect on the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney. Fluoride also stimulates intrarenal vasodilation, leading to increased medullary blood flow, which interferes with the counter current mechanism in the kidney required for concentration of urine.

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Hydrogen fluoride is extremely corrosive. It may penetrate the skin and weaken the bones, as well as interfere with nerve function and react with blood calcium, causing cardiac arrest. (L968)

Serious systemic effects and local effects by all routes of exposure.

inhalation, skin absorption (liquid), ingestion (solution), skin and/or eye contact

Hydrogen fluoride/hydrofluoric acid can be absorbed systemically into the body by ingestion, inhalation, or skin or eye contact. Eye exposure to hydrogen fluoride/hydrofluoric acid is highly unlikely to result in systemic toxicity. Inhalation is an important route of exposure.

Oral (A116) ; inhalation (A116) ; dermal (A116)

Burning sensation. Sore throat. Cough. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Nausea. Vomiting. Symptoms may be delayed.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain. Serious skin burns. Blisters. See Inhalation.

Redness. Pain. Severe burns.

Burns in mouth and throat. Burning sensation. Abdominal pain. Vomiting. Shock or collapse.

Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Nausea. Vomiting. Symptoms may be delayed.

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat; pulmonary edema; eye, skin burns; rhinitis; bronchitis; bone changes

- Mild: Rapid onset of irritation and reversible clouding (opacification) of the surface of the eye (cornea).

- Severe (e.g., with exposure to liquid hydrogen fluoride/hydrofluoric acid): Rapid onset of pain, redness and damage to the surface of the eye (cornea), sloughing of the cornea, swelling, and progressive damage and scarring leading to permanent clouding (opacification) of the cornea, which may occur immediately or be delayed for several days after exposure.

- Permanent visual defects are more likely with severe exposures.

- Eye exposure to vapor may cause delayed findings of eye and mucous membrane irritation; more serious eye injury is possible following exposure to concentrated vapor.

- Nausea; vomiting (emesis); abdominal pain; local burns to the mouth, throat, and esophagus, including painful localized areas of dead tissue (necrotic lesions); inflammation and bleeding of the stomach (hemorrhagic gastritis); and inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis).

- Even minor ingestions of hydrogen fluoride/hydrofluoric acid are likely to result in systemic exposure.

- Death may occur.

- See Inhalation Exposure.

- Mild: Irritation of the moist linings of the nose and throat (mucous membranes), possible burns, cough, narrowing of the large airways (bronchoconstriction), and difficulty breathing or shortness of breath (dyspnea).

- Severe: Immediate narrowing and swelling of the throat, upper airway obstruction, accumulation of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema), and partial or complete lung collapse.

- Whole-body (systemic) effects are likely, including low blood levels of calcium and magnesium (hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia), high blood levels of potassium (hyperkalemia), low blood pressure (hypotension), abnormal or disordered heart rhythms (dysrhythmias), accumulation of acid in blood and tissues (metabolic acidosis), involuntary muscle contractions, seizures, and death.

- Concentrations 50%: Immediate redness (erythema) and severe, throbbing pain; rapid tissue destruction (whitish discoloration followed by blistering (vesication)); and acute whole-body (systemic) effects (including lung damage).

- Exposure of more than 1% of the body’s surface area may lead to systemic toxicity.

- See Ingestion.

Hydrogen fluoride is very irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. (L963)

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, bones

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

Fibrogenic - Inducing tissue injury and fibrosis (scarring).

ATSDR Final

LC50 (rat) = 1,276 ppm/1 hr

LC50: 500 ppm over 1 hours (Inhalation, Mouse) (T50)

LC50 Rat inhalation 996 ppm/1 hr

LC50 Mouse inhalation 342 ppm/1 hr

LC50 Monkey inhalation 1774 ppm/1 hr

LC50 Guinea pig inhalation 3,540 mg/cu m/15 min

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Bufo gargarizans tadpoles were chronically exposed to waterborne fluoride at measured concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 61.2 mg F-/L for 70 days from Gosner stage 26 to completion of metamorphosis. The chronic exposure caused a concentration-dependent mortality in all tested fluoride concentrations. Total length, snout-to-vent length (SVL), body mass, and developmental stage of tadpoles were significantly inhibited at 42.6 mg F-/L. In addition, significant metamorphic delay and increase in size at completion of metamorphosis occurred after exposure to 19.8 mg F-/L. Moreover, 19.8 mg F-/L suppressed the bone mineralization of larvae at completion of metamorphosis. However, the bone mineralization could be enhanced by 4.1 mg F-/L. In conclusion, our results suggested that the presence of high concentrations of fluoride could increase mortality risk, delay metamorphosis, and suppress skeletal ossification in B. gargarizans larvae. /Sodium fluoride/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The present study describes the immunotoxic effect of chronic fluoride exposure on adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish were exposed to fluoride (71.12 mg/L; 1/10 LC50) for 30 d and the expression of selected genes studied. We observed significant elevation in the detoxification pathway gene cyp1a suggesting chronic exposure to non-lethal concentration of fluoride is indeed toxic to fish. Fluoride mediated pro-oxidative stress is implicated with the downregulation in superoxide dismutase 1 and 2 (sod1/2) genes. Fluoride affected DNA repair machinery by abrogating the expression of the DNA repair gene rad51 and growth arrest and DNA damage inducible beta a gene gadd45ba. The upregulated expression of casp3a coupled with altered Bcl-2 associated X protein/B-cell lymphoma 2 ratio (baxa/bcl2a) clearly suggested chronic fluoride exposure induced the apoptotic cascade in zebrafish. Fluoride-exposed zebrafish when challenged with non-lethal dose of fish pathogen A. hydrophila revealed gross histopathology in spleen, bacterial persistence and significant mortality. We report that fluoride interferes with system-level output of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-a, interleukin-1beta and interferon-gamma, as a consequence, bacteria replicate efficiently causing significant fish mortality. We conclude, chronic fluoride exposure impairs the redox balance, affects DNA repair machinery with pro-apoptotic implications and suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokines expression abrogating host immunity to bacterial infections. /Sodium fluoride/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The present study was performed to investigate the toxicity of fluoride to a variety of freshwater aquatic organisms and to establish whether water quality variables contribute substantively to modifying its toxicity. Water hardness, chloride, and alkalinity were tested as possible toxicity modifying factors for fluoride using acute toxicity tests with Hyalella azteca and Oncorhynchus mykiss. Chloride appeared to be the major toxicity modifying factor for fluoride in these acute toxicity tests. The chronic toxicity of fluoride was evaluated with a variety of species, including 3 fish (Pimephales promelas, O. mykiss, and Salvelinus namaycush), 3 invertebrates (Ceriodaphnia dubia, H. azteca, and Chironomus dilutus), 1 plant (Lemna minor), and 1 alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata). Hyalella azteca was the most sensitive species overall, and O. mykiss was the most sensitive species of fish. The role of chloride as a toxicity modifying factor was inconsistent between species in the chronic toxicity tests. /Sodium fluoride/

/PLANTS/ Considerable differences exist in plant sensitivity to atmospheric fluoride, but little or no injury will occur when the most sensitive species are exposed to about 0.2 ug/cu m air, and many species tolerate concn many times higher than this. /Fluoride/

3.10e+03

4.70e+04

1.50e+01

6.10e+01

2.80e+01

5.00e+01

4.00e-02

1.40e-02

Volatile

9.40e+03

1.40e+05

4.40e+01

1.80e+02

8.50e+01

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

Volcanoes are the major natural source of hydrogen fluoride emissions to air, ranging from 0.6 to 6 million metric tons per year(1).

Hydrogen fluoride's use in the production of refrigerants, solvents and aerosols(1) as well use as a chemical reagent, catalyst, in chemical manufacture, additive in rocket propellants and in refining of uranium(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Electrical utilities are the largest source of hydrogen fluoride emissions to air in the US(1).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Hydrogen fluoride is removed from air by wet deposition as fluoride salts with an atmospheric lifetime of 1-5 days(1).

Theoretical estimates of hydrogen fluoride fluxes from cooling and gypsum settling ponds associated with the manufacture of phosphate fertilizer are reviewed; fluxes from 122 to195 kg hydrogen fluoride per day for a 450 metric ton phosphorus pentoxide/day cooling plant were calculated. Sixty percent or more of the total plant release of hydrogen fluoride is due to the ponds. Derived atmospheric residence times for hydrogen fluoride (1 to 5 hr) indicate that fluoride is dispersed throughout Central Florida, US at ppb levels in the particulate form.

The contribution of plume wash out to the deposition of pollutants in the vicinity of a 1000 MWe coal fired power plant in The Netherlands has been investigated; increased wet deposition of chloride, fluoride, and especially boron cmpd was observed. Little extra deposition of sulfur cmpd was found, due to the fact that increased acidity in precipitation, associated with wash out of hydrogen chloride and (to a lesser extent) hydrogen fluoride, limits the uptake of sulfur dioxide. Very locally, at short distances from the stack, plume wash out may nearly double local acid deposition under conditions prevalent in The Netherlands. This is mainly the result of wash out of hydrogen chloride, whereas the contribution of sulfur dioxide is negligible. Significant plume contributions to the deposition of hydrogen fluoride, boron cmpd, aluminum, titanium, and bromine may be expected.

The ambient air concentrations of gaseous fluorides in Canada and the US are reported to range from 0.01 to 1.65 ug/cu m; approximately 75% of which exists as hydrogen fluoride(1). Atmospheric hydrogen fluoride concentrations were measured at 9 sites in Southern California during an 8-month period in 1986; average hydrogen fluoride concentrations ranged from 0.13 to 0.22 ug/cu m at San Nicolas Island and onshore at Rubidoux, CA, respectively(2) Median ambient hydrogen flouride concentrations of 1-5 ug/cu m were reported for from a US data compilation from 1967 through 1992(3).

SOURCE DOMINATED: Hyrogen fluoride air release of 180,000 lbs/yr was reported in a study of a US 650 MW power plant burning an average 1995 bituminous coal (23,380 kJ/kg, 1.5% sulphur, 9.8% ash, 6.7% moisture)(1). An average hydrogen fluoride concentration emission range of 0.2-0.3 mg/cu m was determined for unspecified German municipal waste incinerators. A maxium concentration of 0.5 ug/cu m in the stack gas was reported for one incinerator(2). The compound was identified in flue gas from an unspecified waste incineration plant (mixed plastics and coal as thermal feed), at a concentration range of not detected to 8.2 mg/N cu m(3).

Hydrogen flouride was detected at a concentration of 00.3 ppm in the atmosphere of a nuclear submarine(1).

According to the 2016 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 35 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of hydrogen fluoride in the United States may be as low as <10 workers and as high as <10,000 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 189,051 workers (68,792 of these are female) are potentially exposed to hydrogen fluoride in the US(1).

Personal breathing-zone air samples collected in the Etch Department of the Eagle Convex Glass Company on March 28 and May 17 1989 contained hydrofluoric acid concentrations ranging from 0.34 tp 3.0 mg/cu m, time-weighted averaged (TWA) over the sample period(1). Hydrofluoric acid concentrations in the general area air samples ranged from not detected to 1.7 mg/cu m, TWA(1). Hydrogen fluoride concentrations in air from 7 Swedish aluminum foundries ranged from <0.001 to 0.011 mg/cu m(2).

Occupational source: manufacture of chemicals, photographic film, solvents, and plastics.

Hydrofluoric acid concentrations in urine from 21 hydrogen fluoride workers ranged from 1.17 mg/L (preshift), 2.00-2.50 mg/L (mid shift) to 3.50 mg/L postshift. Levels in 82 unepxosed workers were 0.59, 0.60-0.57 and 0.58 mg/L, respectively. The work involved washing glass tubes for TV picture tubes and etching semiconductors(1).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D002 and U134, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY. /Hydrogen fluoride, anhydrous/

Table: Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Hydrogen fluoride, anhydrous ID: 1052 [Table#1593]

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY. /Hydrogen fluoride, anhydrous: Large Spills/

Table: Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances For Different Quantities in Hydrogen fluoride, anhydrous: Large Spills ID:1052 [Table#1594]

/GUIDE 125 GASES - CORROSIVE/ Fire or Explosion: Some may burn but none ignite readily. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Some of these materials may react violently with water. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release toxic and/or corrosive gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. . For UN1005: Anhydrous ammonia, at high concentrations in confined spaces, presents a flammability risk if a source of ignition is introduced /Hydrogen fluoride, anhydrous/

/GUIDE 125 GASES - CORROSIVE/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Vapors are extremely irritating and corrosive. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. /Hydrogen fluoride, anhydrous/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Hydrogen fluoride (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1052 125(anhydrous)

1790 157(solution)

UN 1052; Hydrogen fluoride, anhydrous.

UN 1790; Hydrofluoric acid, with more than 60% strength; Hydrofluoric acid, with not more than 60% strength

IMO 8; Hydrogen fluoride, anhydrous.

IMO 8; Hydrofluoric acid solution, with more than 60% hydrogen fluoride; Hydrofluoric acid solution, with not more than 60% hydrogen fluoride

49 300 22; Hydrofluoric acid solution

49 300 20; Hydrofluoric and sulfuric acid, mixtures

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Hydrogen fluoride, anhydrous; hydrofluoric acid 60% or less strength; and hydrofluoric acid more than 60% strength are included on the dangerous goods list. /Hydrogen fluoride, anhydrous; hydrofluoric acid 60% or less strength; and hydrofluoric acid more than 60% strength/

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Hydrogen fluoride, anhydrous; hydrofluoric acid solution, with more than 60% hydrogen fluoride; and hydrofluoric acid solution, with not more than 60% hydrogen fluoride are included on the dangerous goods list. /Hydrogen fluoride, anhydrous; hydrofluoric acid solution, with more than 60% hydrogen fluoride; and hydrofluoric acid solution, with not more than 60% hydrogen fluoride/

Corrosive Poison

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T+, C; R: 26/27/28-35; S: (1/2)-7/9-26-36/37/39-45

UN Hazard Class: 8; UN Subsidiary Risks: 6.1; UN Pack Group: I