Sodium Fluoride

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 1.8% (11 of 623) of reports.

H301 (97.1%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H315 (97.9%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (97.9%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 623 reports by companies from 16 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 11 of 623 reports by companies.

There are 15 notifications provided by 612 of 623 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P362+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

P203, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Fresh air

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty). Use water in flooding quantities as fog; Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water; Apply water from as far a distance as possible. /Sodium fluoride solution/

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Environmental considerations-land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material; /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. /Sodium fluoride solution/

Environmental considerations-water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Adjust pH to neutral (pH= 7). /Sodium fluoride solution/

Shovel into suitable dry container. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Group III Containers (both combustible and non-combustible) that previously held organic mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, or inorganic pesticides should be triple rinsed, punctured and disposed of in a sanitary landfill. Non-rinsed containers should be encapsulated and buried at a specially designated landfill site. /Organic mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, or inorganic pesticides/

A suggested disposal method converts the soluble fluoride ions to insoluble calcium fluoride ... a naturally occurring mineral (fluorspar) which can safely be added to a landfill. The method is as follows: add slowly to a large container of water. Stir in slight excess of Na2CO3 /sodium carbonate/. If fluoride is present add Ca(OH)2 /calcium hydroxide/ also. Let stand 24 hr. Decant or siphon into another container and neutralize with 6 m HCl /hydrochloric acid/ before washing down with large cxcess of water. The sludge may be added to landfill. Recommendable methods: Precipitation & landfill.

Precipitation & landfill: Industry wastes with a high fluoride concn are treated in two phases. By adding CaO /calcium oxide/, the soluble fluorides are precipitated as CaF2 /calcium fluoride/ until the concn has been reduced to 10 mg/l. The compact sludge is disposed of on special waste dumps.

If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers; Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. /Sodium fluoride solution/

Personnel protection: Keep upwind. ... Avoid breathing vapors. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. /Sodium fluoride solution/

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for SODIUM FLUORIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from acids and food and feedstuffs.

Aqueous solutions of sodium fluoride slowly decompose and become alkaline when stored in glass. Therefore, sodium fluoride solutions should be stored in tight, plastic containers, especially if the pH of the solution is less than 7.5. Sodium fluoride solutions and tablets should be stored at a temperature less than 40 °C, preferably between 15-30 °C; freezing of the solutions should be avoided. Sodium fluoride is incompatible with calcium and magnesium salts.

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from acids and alkalies.

Sodium fluoride /container/ ... should be colored to help distinguish it from table salt or flour.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Fluorides in urine = 2 mg/L prior to shift or 3 mg/L at end of shift; (Repeated measurements recommended.)

1.0 [mg/m3], as F, inhalable fraction[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

0.34 [mg/m3]

3.8 [mg/m3]

44 [mg/m3]

TWA 2.5 mg/m3 [*Note: The REL also applies to other inorganic, solid fluorides (as F).]

2.5 [mg/m3], as F

TWA 2.5 mg/m3 [*Note: The PEL also applies to other inorganic, solid fluorides (as F).]

250 mg F/m3 (NIOSH, 2024)

250 mg/cu m (as F)

250 mg/m3 (as F)

See: fluoride

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 2.5 mg/cu m. /Fluorides, as F/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Fluorides, as F/

A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Fluorides, as F/

Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: fluorides in urine; Sampling Time: prior to shift; BEI: 3 mg/g creatinine. Determinant: fluorides in urine; Sampling Time: end of shift; BEI: 10 mg/g creatinine. The determinant may be present in biological specimens collected from subjects who have not been occupationally exposed, at a concentration which could affect interpretation of the result. Such background concentrations are incorporated in the BEI value. The determinant is nonspecific, since it is also observed after exposure to other chemicals. /Fluorides/

(as F): 2.5 mg/m

(inhalable fraction, as F): 1 mg/m

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly on spraying or when dispersed, especially if powdered.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Ingestion could cause hypocalcaemia and hypokalaemia. This may result in central nervous system disorders and cardiac disorders.

The substance may have effects on the bones and teeth. This may result in fluorosis.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Sodium fluoride (as F):

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Sodium fluoride is a colorless crystalline solid or white powder, or the solid dissolved in a liquid. It is soluble in water. It is noncombustible. It is corrosive to aluminum. It is used as an insecticide. It is also used to fluorinate water supplies, as a wood preservative, in cleaning compounds, manufacture of glass, and for many other uses.

Sodium fluoride, solution appears as an aqueous solution. Odorless. The maximum solubility of sodium fluoride in water at room temperature is 4.2 g per 100 g of water.

Dry Powder; Large Crystals; Liquid; Other Solid

Odorless, white powder or colorless crystals. [Note: Pesticide grade is often dyed blue.]; [HSDB]

WHITE CRYSTALS OR POWDER.

Odorless, white powder or colorless crystals. [Note: Pesticide grade is often dyed blue.]

Colorless, cubic or tetragonal crystals

White powder or colorless crystals [Note: Pesticide grade is often dyed blue].

Odorless

5X10-3 moles/l in water (Taste detection)

3083 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

1704 °C @760 [mm Hg]

1819 °F (NTP, 1992)

10 to 50 mg/mL at 73 °F (NTP, 1992)

4g/100mL

Insoluble in alcohol

Solubility in water 4.0 g/100 ml water at 15 °C. Solubility in water 4.3 g/100 ml water at 25 °C. Solubility in water 5.0 g/100 ml water at 100 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 4.0

2.79 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

2.8 g/cm³

2.78 @25 °C

1 mmHg at 1971 °F ; 5 mmHg at 2167 °F (NTP, 1992)

VP: 1 mm Hg at 1077 °C

0 mmHg (approx)

Not flammable (USCG, 1999)

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen fluoride and disodium oxide/.

7.4 (Freshly prepared saturated soln)

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.336

Aq soln have alkaline reaction caused by partial hydrolysis; aq soln etch glass

All alkali fluorides, with the exception of the lithium salt, absorb hydrogen fluoride to form acid fluorides of the type MHF2 where M is the alkali metal.

crystal structure

dielectricity

diffusion

piezooptic effect

enthalpy

radiation

second-order nonlinear coefficient

molar conductivity

Gibbs energy

phase equilibrium

It is soluble in water.

Water soluble.

Salts, Basic

Water and Aqueous Solutions

SODIUM FLUORIDE reacts with acids to form corrosive and toxic HF [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980 p. 842].

Mixing the dilute solution with a concentrated nonvolatile acid (sulfuric acid) can produce toxic gaseous hydrogen fluoride.

Solutions of sodium fluoride may contain some hydrofluoric acid, which can cause severe chemical burns and is one of the few materials that can etch glass. Unlike other halide ions, fluoride is quite reactive, acting as a weak base and participating in some unique reactions. In particular, fluorides react strongly with compounds containing calcium, magnesium, or silicon ions, which means that solutions containing soluble fluorides are corrosive to both living tissue and glass.

Strong oxidizers.

Reacts with acids to form hydrogen fluoride.

Strong oxidizers

The IARC Working Group concluded that sodium fluoride (Group 3) are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans. /Sodium fluoride was reviewed by the IARC Working Group. Data for it are published in the IARC Monograph on sodium fluoride. No evaluation of the carcinogenicity for sodium fluoride is given; Fluorides (inorganic, used in drinking-water/

A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Fluorides, as F/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary for edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Hydrofluoric Acid (HF) and Related Compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Early intubation at the first sign of upper airway obstruction may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary. Development of QT interval prolongation may signal hypocalcemia and need for IV calcium gluconate administration ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use 2.5% calcium gluconate gel for skin burns over painful areas after thorough decontamination ... . Iced 0.13% benzalkonium chloride (Zephiran chloride) solution soak or compresses may be used with careful monitoring of body temperature. Compresses should be changed every 2 min. Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Hydrofluoric Acid (HF) and Related Compounds/

Sodium Fluoride

TR-393: Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Sodium Fluoride (CASRN 7681-49-4) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Drinking Water Studies) (1990 )

04/26/90

Equivocal Evidence

No Evidence

Under the conditions of these 2-year dosed water studies, there was equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity of sodium fluoride in male F344/N rats, based on the occurrence of a small number of osteosarcomas in dosed animals. "Equivocal evidence" is a category for uncertain findings defined as studies that are interpreted as showing a marginal increase of neoplasms that may be related to chemical administration. There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity in female F344/N rats receiving sodium fluoride at concentrations of 25, 100, or 175 ppm (11, 45, or 79 ppm fluoride) in drinking water for 2 years. There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of sodium fluoride in male or female mice receiving sodium fluoride at concentrations of 25, 100, or 175 ppm in drinking water for 2 years.

Dosed rats had lesions typical of fluorosis of the teeth and female rats receiving drinking water containing 175 ppm sodium fluoride had increased osteosclerosis of long bones.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Convulsions. Drowsiness. Cough. Diarrhoea. Sore throat. Vomiting. Unconsciousness.

irritation eyes, respiratory system; nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea; salivation, thirst, sweating; stiff spine; dermatitis; calcification of ligaments of ribs, pelvis

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, skeleton, kidneys

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

ATSDR Final

The oral dose of sodium fluoride that may be fatal is not known but is estimated to be about 5-10 g (70-140 mg/kg) in untreated adults and 500 mg in children.

LD50 Mice oral 44.3 mg/kg (Admin via stomach tube, under light ether anaesthesia)

LD50 Mice intraperitoneal 17.2 mg/kg

LD50 Mice oral 46.0 mg/kg

LD50 Mice intravenous 23.0 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for SODIUM FLUORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

... To examine the efficacy and safety of administration of calcium and magnesium orally and intraperitoneally to treat severe sodium fluoride intoxication ... mice were initially gavaged a lethal dose of sodium fluoride (NaF) or water. Then, mice were treated with water or varying concentrations of calcium chloride (CaCl2) or magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) via intraperitoneal (IP) route or via oral route. Mice were monitored for 24 h, and the time of death was recorded. ... Intraperitoneal injections of large amounts of CaCl2 or MgSO4 were dangerous. All mice gavaged with water and then treated with oral CaCl2 or MgSO4 survived and displayed normal activity during the experiment. The survival rate of mice gavaged with a lethal dose of NaF and then treated with a high dose of oral CaCl2 or MgSO4 was significantly higher than those of using low dose. /The authors concluded that/ oral administration of a high dose of CaCl2 or MgSO4 is a simple, safe, and effective adjunctive method for treating severe oral fluoride poisoning.

Sodium fluoride added with or without sodium selenite in deionized water was administered to male mice for 8 weeks. The influences of fluoride on learning-memory behavior were tested on Y-maze, and the ultrastructure of Gray I synaptic interface in the CA3 area hippocampus was quantitatively analyzed by electron microscopy and computer image processing appliance. The main results showed that the learning capability of mice drinking higher concentration of fluoride presented remarkable deterioration. The thickness of post-synaptic density (PSD) was decreased. The width of the synaptic cleft was remarkably increased. It was found that combined administration of fluoride and proper concentration of selenium could decrease the toxic effect of fluoride. There were synergetic toxicities if the concentration of selenium was too high. The results suggested that selenium might antagonize the neurotoxicity of fluoride on behavior and morphology.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of tamoxifen and natrium fluoride (NaF) on bone metabolism, biochemical properties and blood lipids levels in ovariectomized rats. The study was performed in Wistar rats divided into 5 subgroups: ovariectomized controls, rats treated with NaF 20 mg/kg/24 hr, rats treated with NaF 20 mg/kg/24 hr+tamoxifen 2 mg/kg/24 hr, rats treated with NaF 20 mg/kg/24 hr plus tamoxifen 4 mg/kg/24 hr, and sham-operated controls. In ovariectomized rats the increase of total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol) as well as the decrease of bone mineral content, bone mineral density and biomechanical properties was observed. The therapy with NaF increased the level of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, bone mineral density, bone mineral content. In this group the decrease of bone strength and stiffness was observed. The administration of tamoxifen reduced the changes in plasma lipid levels, but did not improve the biomechanical properties of bone tissue.

The study was conducted to characterize the action of NaF, which had relaxing property in carbachol precontracted isolated bovine bronchus, on airway responsiveness challenged by acetylcholine receptor agonists in rats and asthmatic humans. Tracheal flow rate and airway resistance were measured in anaesthetized rats. NaF was delivered either before carbachol challenge or together with carbachol. Patients with mild asthma were challenged with methacholine aerosol, and NaF was delivered when FEV1 fell by more than 20%. The results indicated that: (1) in rats NaF significantly inhibited carbachol-induced bronchial constriction when inhaled prior to carbachol challenge as airway resistances in the NaF and NaF+verapamil groups were significantly lower than those in the control group; (2) NaF significantly reversed carbachol or methacholine-induced bronchial constriction in asthmatic patients. In conclusion, NaF, delivered in form of aerosol, reduced bronchial responsiveness to carbachol in rats and had a bronchodilating effect on rat and human airways precontracted by inhalation of acetylcholine analogs.

For more Interactions (Complete) data for SODIUM FLUORIDE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

... Milk of magnesia is best because it precipitates fluoride as well as clearing the intestine. Vomitus and excreta should be washed away quickly to prevent burns. Calcium gluconate (20 mL of a 10 or 20 % soln) should be given iv at once. It should be repeated as required by the blood calcium level. It not only may alleviate carpopedal spasm but may raise the blood pressure to normal from a shock level. Additional treatment should be symptomatic depending on the progress of the case but should emphasize restoration of fluid balance. In one very severe case, an iv atrial pacemaker was necessary to control ventricular fibrillation; feeding through a gastrostomy was necessary for 30 days.

Treatment: Emergency and Supportive Measures: Maintain an open airway and assist ventilationif necessary. Monitor ECG and serum calcium, magnesium, and potassium for at least 4-6 hours. Admit symptomatic patients with ECG or electrolyte abnormalities to an intensive care setting. /Fluoride/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for SODIUM FLUORIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Fluoride levels in urine should be checked periodically and all workers should be subjected to periodical skeletal X-ray exam particularly of the pelvis. /Fluoride and cmpd/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Two adults were able to withstand a dose of 250 mg with minimal illness. One volunteer experienced slight nausea and epigastric distress lasting about 5 hr and salivation, which was intense for 15 to 30 min and stopped in half an hour; an itching sensation on his hands and feet lasted for about a week. Another volunteer, who took 250 mg of sodium fluoride on an empty stomach, experienced nausea, which appeared in 2 min and in 20 min incr to a max accompanied by greatly incr salivation and some retching but no vomiting. Two hr after the dose, lunch was eaten but was immediately vomited. Slight nausea continued throughout the following day but disappeared on the second day.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Acute, nonfatal poisoning is characterized by gastroenteritis (sudden nausea and vomiting, abdominal cramps, burning pain, and diarrhea) lasting for 3 to 6 hr and followed by collapse involving stupor and weakness lasting about 36 hr. Tetany may occur as a result of calcium depletion. In fatal poisoning, muscular weakness appears early and is accompanied by a marked fall in blood pressure; tremor may be followed by clonic convulsions; dyspnea may be accompanied by a grayish-blue cyanosis. Death from respiratory and cardiac arrest may occur a few min to 10 hr or more after ingestion but usually in 3 or 4 hr.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ In case of poisoning, plasma calcium may be decr and there is generally a disruption of fluid balance as a result of vomiting. Albuminuria is common ... In acute fatal poisoning there is corrosion of the stomach and sometimes other parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Frequently there is edema of the brain and lungs and petechial hemorrhages of the lungs and heart.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ severe acute fluoride overdose can cause hypocalcemia and tetany and bone pain, especially in the feet and ankles, of uncertain cause; electrolyte disturbances and cardiac arrhythmias have been reported, progressing to cardiac failure or respiratory arrest in some cases.

LC50; Species: Chlorella vulgaris (Green algae); Conditions: freshwater; static; Concentration: 7000 uM for 3 day /total/

LC50; Species: Chlorella vulgaris (Green algae); Conditions: freshwater; static; pH 6.0; Concentration: 14000 uM for 15 day /total/

LC50; Species: Chlorella vulgaris (Green algae); Conditions: freshwater; static; pH 6.8; Concentration: 20000 uM for 15 day /total/

EC50; Species: Ceriodaphnia dubia (Water flea); Conditions: freshwater; static; Concentration: 157.9 g/cu m (95% confidence limit: 110 to 225.1 g/cu m) for 24 hr /total/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for SODIUM FLUORIDE (30 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Safe concentrations (SCs) and EC50s of fluoride ion (F-) for five species of aquatic insect larvae, Chimarra marginata, Hydropsyche bulbifera, H. exocellata, H. lobata, and H. pellucidula, are estimated from short-term toxicity bioassays using the multifactor probit analysis (MPA) software on sublethal data. The sublethal effect is defined as net larva migration. The 24, 48, 72, and 96-h EC50s (mg F-/L) were 178.06, 63.90, 45.41, and 38.28 for C. marginata; 90.06, 36.20, 26.71, and 22.95 for H. bulbifera; 122.64, 42.45, 29.80, and 24.97 for H. exocellata; 238.50, 76.22, 52.12, and 43.09 for H. lobata; and 185.05, 53.74, 35.58, and 28.96 for H. pellucidula. SC values (or 8760-h EC0.01s) were 1.79 for C. marginata, 0.73 for H. bulbifera, 0.56 for H. exocellata, 1.18 for H. lobata, and 0.39 for H. pellucidula. Thus, C. marginata and H. lobata appears to be less sensitive species to fluoride toxicity during short-term and long-term exposures. This difference in sensitivity to fluoride among test species is not dependent upon the body size of net-spinning caddisfly larvae; Pearson correlation analysis between estimated SCs and larva dry weights was not significant (P>0.05). On the other hand, SCs calculated for test species are lower than those proposed for other freshwater and marine animals. It is concluded that the multifactor probit analysis of sublethal acute toxicity data can be a valuable methodology in environmental toxicology to estimate accurate safe concentrations of chemical compounds for aquatic organisms. /Fluoride/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Fish exposed to poisonous amounts of sodium fluoride become apathetic, lose weight, have periods of violent movement, and wander aimlessly. Finally, there is a loss of equilibrium accompanied by tetany and death. Mucous secretion increases, accompanied by proliferation of mucous producing cells in the respiratory and integumentary epithelium.

/OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ /It was/ demonstrated that untreated earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) from which gut soil had been removed (depurated) contained only 6% of the amount of fluoride reported in whole worms. Worms kept in soil were exposed to a sodium fluoride concentration of 1000 mg/L for 30 days. The fluoride content of the worms was established either at the end of exposure or following an 8-day starvation period. The fluoride concentration in treated worms with their gut contents washed out was more than 6 times greater than the fluoride concentration of untreated worms. Even after an 8-day starvation period, the concentration in exposed worms was 4 times greater than the concentration in the unexposed worms. The fluoride concentration in the worms was always lower than the concentration in the soil.

3.90e+03

5.80e+04

1.50e+01

6.10e+01

1.00e+03

4.00e+03

1.50e+02

6.00e+02

5.00e-02

1.40e-02

Volatile

1.20e+04

1.80e+05

4.40e+01

1.80e+02

3.00e+03

At Lake Magadi Kenya, raw trona is dredged from encrustations on the lake, crushed, washed, and calcined to convert the sodium sesquicarbonate to soda ash. The calcined material is crushed and screened to produce a dense product with ... a characteristically high (1.0%) sodium fluoride content.

Because it is so reactive, fluorine rarely, if ever, occurs naturally in the elementary state, existing instead in the ionic form or as a variety of inorgainc and orgainc fluorides. Rocks, soil, water, air, plants, and animals all contain fluoride in widely-varying concentrations. /Fluoride and fluorine/

FROM FACTORIES, PROCESSING FLUORINE CONTAINING ORES, DUSTS MAY CONSIST OF SODIUM FLUORIDE VOLATILIZED .../AND/... THEN CONDENSED BY COOLER SURROUNDING AIR. LEAVES OF PLANTS MAY COLLECT SOME OF THE DUST. EXTENT OF CONTAMINATION WILL DEPEND UPON TOPOGRAPHY OF SURROUNDING TERRAIN & ESPECIALLY DIRECTION OF PREVAILING WIND.

...Fluoride concentrations in ground-water fluctuate within wide limits e.g. from <1 to 25 mg or more per litre. ... In surface fresh fluoride content is usually low, 0.01-0.3 mg/l. ... Fluoride concentrations are higher in sea ... averaging 1.3 mg/l. ... /Fluoride/

ACUTE FLUORIDE POISONING IS NOT RARE. IT USUALLY RESULTS FROM ACCIDENTAL INGESTION OF INSECTICIDES AND RODENTICIDES CONTAINING FLUORIDE SALTS. /FLUORIDES/

Sodium fluoride ... source of toxic fluoride ions which cannot be detoxified. Thus, precautions must be taken to insure that /this/ material does not enter a water supply in large amounts ...

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Group III Containers (both combustible and non-combustible) that previously held organic mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, or inorganic pesticides should be triple rinsed, punctured and disposed of in a sanitary landfill. Non-rinsed containers should be encapsulated and buried at a specially designated landfill site. /Organic mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, or inorganic pesticides/

A suggested disposal method converts the soluble fluoride ions to insoluble calcium fluoride ... a naturally occurring mineral (fluorspar) which can safely be added to a landfill. The method is as follows: add slowly to a large container of water. Stir in slight excess of Na2CO3 /sodium carbonate/. If fluoride is present add Ca(OH)2 /calcium hydroxide/ also. Let stand 24 hr. Decant or siphon into another container and neutralize with 6 m HCl /hydrochloric acid/ before washing down with large cxcess of water. The sludge may be added to landfill. Recommendable methods: Precipitation & landfill.

Precipitation & landfill: Industry wastes with a high fluoride concn are treated in two phases. By adding CaO /calcium oxide/, the soluble fluorides are precipitated as CaF2 /calcium fluoride/ until the concn has been reduced to 10 mg/l. The compact sludge is disposed of on special waste dumps.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for SODIUM FLUORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1690; Sodium fluoride

IMO 6.1; Sodium fluoride

49 323 75; Sodium fluoride, solution

49 441 50; Sodium fluoride, solid

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T; R: 25-32-36/38; S: (1/2)-22-36-45

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III