Sodium Hypochlorite

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P264, P264+P265, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P363, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H290 (32.2%): May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]

H314 (81%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H315 (14.2%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (58.4%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335 (19.2%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H400 (89.2%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (25.4%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

H411 (21.9%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P234, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P321, P332+P317, P362+P364, P363, P390, P391, P403+P233, P405, P406, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 3101 reports by companies from 76 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P321, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P321, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P321, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P260, P261, P264, P271, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P319, P321, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Administration of oxygen may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

INHALATION: Sips of milk or other demulcent.

EYES: Flush with plenty of water for 15 minutes.

SKIN: Wash contaminated area with soap and water.

(USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Fire Extinguishing Agents Not to Be Used: Amines and oxidizable material such as oxalic acid. May produce explosive chloroamines with amines.

Fire Extinguishing Agents: Chemical, CO2, foam, or water in flooding quantities. (USCG, 1999)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. /Hypochlorite soln (containing more than 7% available chlorine, by wt)/

Cool exposed containers with water. /Monohydrate/

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: filter respirator for inorganic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in covered non-metallic containers as far as possible. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable non-metallic containers as far as possible. Then wash away with plenty of water. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents.

Environmental considerations-land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete; absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder; neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) /Sodium hypochlorite soln (Hypochlorite soln containing not more than 7% available chlorine, by wt)/

Environmental considerations- water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3); if dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concn, apply activated carbon at 10 times the spilled amt; use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Sodium hypochlorite soln (Hypochlorite soln containing not more than 7% available chlorine, by wt)/

Environmental considerations- air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. /Sodium hypochlorite soln (Hypochlorite soln containing not more than 7% available chlorine, by wt)/

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers; build dike to contain flow as necessary. /Hypochlorite soln (containing more than 7% available chlorine, by wt)/

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amt of water or soap and water. ... If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. /Hypochlorite soln (containing more than 7% available chlorine, by wt)/

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Sodium disulfite; hypo isulfite. (USCG, 1999)

Separated from acids. See Chemical Dangers. Cool. Keep in the dark. Well closed. Store only in original container.

Separated from combustible substances, reducing agents, acids and food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers. Cool. Keep in the dark. Well closed. Store only in original container.

Store at a temp not exceeding 20 °C away from acids in well-fitted air-tight bottles, closed with a glass stopper or suitable plastic cap. Protect from light. /Strong sodium hypochlorite soln/

Vent caps should be checked with full personal protection, and material should be stored at 15-18 °C and out of direct sunlight. ...

Solutions in water are storage hazards due to oxygen evolution.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

0.5 [ppm]

2.0 [ppm]

20 [ppm]

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

Workplace Environmental Exposure Level (WEEL): Short-term Exposure Limit (STEL) 2 mg/cu m, 15 min.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin, respiratory tract and digestive tract.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin, respiratory tract and digestive tract. Inhalation may cause lung oedema, but only after initial corrosive effects on eyes and/or airways have become manifest. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis.

Rubber gloves, goggles, self-contained breathing apparatus, plastic coveralls and boots. (USCG, 1999)

Personnel protection: ... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles /Hypochlorite soln (containing not more than 7% available chlorine, by wt)/

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS!

STRICT HYGIENE! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation.

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety spectacles.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Sodium hypochlorite appears as colorless or slightly yellow watery liquid with an odor of household bleach. Mixes with water. (USCG, 1999)

Large Crystals; Other Solid; Liquid

Greenish-yellow liquid with a disagreeable, sweetish odor; [HSDB] Produced as the pentahydrate; Solid with a mp of 18 deg C; [Merck Index]

CLEAR SLIGHTLY YELLOW SOLUTION WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Greenish yellow liquid

Anhydrous

Disagreeable, sweetish odor

Faint chlorine-like odor /sodium hypochlorite soln diluted/

Boiling point: 111 °C in solution

MP: 18 °C /Pentahydrate/

-30 - -20 °C

29.3 g/100 g (0 °C) in water

Solubility in water, g/l at 20 °C: 293 (good)

1.093 for 5% solution (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.21 (14% aqueous solution, 20 °C)

Saturated liquid density= 66.169 lb/cu ft @ 70 °F

Density should not exceed 1.025 /Sodium hypochlorite soln, diluted/

Relative density (water = 1): 1.1 (5.5% aqueous solution)

Density (at 20 °C): 1.20 - 1.25 g/ml

Relative density (water = 1): 1.21 (14% aqueous solution)

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 2 - 2.5

UNSTABLE IN AIR UNLESS MIXED WITH SODIUM HYDROXIDE.

Highly unstable; hypochlorite ion in aq soln is remarkably stable. /Pentahydrate/

The stability of sodium hypochlorite soln used as disinfectants was maintained at 4 °For 2 yr, but after 2 yr @ 24 deg the concn of available chlorine was less than 50% of the original. A more rapid deterioration occurred in soln containing approx 100,000 ppm chlorine than in those containing 50,000 or 10,000 ppm chlorine. At pH 5-6, decomp was rapid, whereas increasing the pH increased the stability. Hypochlorites are stable if kept in a cool place, out of direct sunlight and in purpose made containers.

Two 2.5 l bottles of strong sodium hypochlorite soln (10-14% available chlorine) burst in storage, owing to failure of the cap designed to vent oxygen slowly evolved during storage.

The anhydrous solid obtained by dessication of the /sodium hypochlorite/ pentahydrate will decomp violently on heating or friction.

May decomp, generating irritating chlorine gas. /Monohydrate/

Decomposed by hot water

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Na2O and /hydrogen chloride/.

The estimated odor threshold is the same as chlorine, 0.3 ppm

Does not produce red color with phenolphthalein; colorless or slightly yellow liq /Sodium hypochlorite soln, diluted/

ODOR OF HYPOCHLORITES; YELLOWISH CLEAR LIQ /ALKALINE/

Decomp by carbon dioxide from air /Pentahydrate/

Strong oxidizing agent usually stored and used in soln

For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Other Uses -> Biocides/Disinfectants

Corrosives

Disinfectants

DOUGH STRENGTHENER, FLOUR TREATING AGENT, FUMIGANT, OXIDIZING OR REDUCING AGENT -> FDA Substance added to food

FCS -> FDA Cumulative Estimated Daily Intake (CEDI)

Water soluble. Decomposes into chlorine and oxygen gases in hot water.

Salts, Basic

Oxidizing Agents, Strong

Water and Aqueous Solutions

Strong Oxidizing Agent

CSL00072

amines + SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE

Potentially explosive

Explosive

User-Reported

CSL00097

Decolorizing carbon + SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE

CSL00104

SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE + ANILINE

CSL00105

SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE + TRIETHYLAMINE

CSL00155

Sodium hypochlorite + Nitric acid

The reaction produced chlorine gas and potentially fluorine gas which are extremely hazardous.

Gas Emitter

Not Available

Substance identification sources: Sodium hypochlorite. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7681-52-9 (retrieved 2022-01-27) (CAS RN: 7681-52-9). Nitric acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7697-37-2 (retrieved 2022-01-27) (CAS RN: 7697-37-2).

User Reported

01/27/2022

CSL00176

Sodium hypochlorite + Hydrochloric acid

Chlorine gas was produced and accidentally released from the containment system

04/22/2022

04/21/2022

CSL00208

3-Iodoxybenzoic Acid + Acetic acid + Sodium hypochlorite; Bleach

"We wish to warn the chemical community of a serious shock sensitivity hazard associated with 3-iodoxybenzoic acid [64297-65-0], a reagent popularized by Derek Barton and coworkers [J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. I, 8, 1947 (1982)] for preparing enones from ketones in the presence of catalytic diphenyl diselenide. We recently prepared this reagent on a 200-g scale following the generic one-step procedure for iodoxybenzene given in the above reference using acetic acid and commercial bleach. After collecting the solid product in a Buchner fritted glass funnel, rinsing, and air drying, the compound was being transferred with a spoon into a bottle for storage when it suddenly exploded. The funnel was destroyed, and glass fragments were propelled with such force to break several glass items in the vicinity. Fortunately, the operator received only minor cuts and skin/eye irritation as a result of wearing proper gloves, lab coat, and safety glasses, and was fine after prompt treatment. While this compound was known to deflagrate at its melting point, 225°C [J. Labelled Compd. Radiopharm., 19, 1161 (1982)], its shock sensitivity has not been reported. Our incident prompts us to warn that 3-iodoxybenzoic acid, prepared according to the Barton reference above, presents a severe shock hazard, and utmost care is required for its handling. We cannot state with certainty whether the explosion was due to the compound itself or was perhaps initiated by residual bleach or other impurities." (reprint of full text)

Large (>100g)

10.1021/cen-v080n026.p002

Literature Reference

10/22/2022

Salts of hypochlorous acid, HClO. Generally toxic, irritants and powerful oxidizers, particularly in the presence of water or at higher temperature as they decompose to release oxygen and chlorine gases. On contact with urea they form the highly explosive NCl3. When heated or on contact with acids, they produce highly toxic fumes of chlorine gas [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 1905]. Can react with sulfuric acid to produce heat and chlorine gas.

Chlorination of ethyleneimine with sodium hypochlorite gives the explosive compound 1-chloroethyleneimine.

Primary amines and calcium hypochlorite or sodium hypochlorite react to form normal chloroamines, which are explosive.

Hypochlorites react with urea to form nitrogen trichloride which explodes spontaneously in air. /Hypochlorites/

Sodium hypochlorite is a strong oxidizer. Oxidation reactions are corrosive, solutions burn skin and cause eye damage, especially when used in concentrated forms. In particular, hypochorite (HOCl) is known to cause post-translational modifications to amino acids in proteins, the notable ones being cysteine and methionine oxidation. These oxidation reactions can lead to widespread protein aggregation and denaturation, leading to cell death and tissue damage. It is estimated that there are about 3300 accidents needing hospital treatment caused by sodium hypochlorite solutions each year in British homes. A recent European study indicated that sodium hypochlorite and organic chemicals (e.g., surfactants, fragrances) contained in several household cleaning products can react to generate chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Some of these VOCs are toxic and probable human carcinogens. The study showed that indoor air concentrations significantly increase (8-52 times for chloroform and 1-1170 times for carbon tetrachloride, respectively, above baseline quantities in the household) during the use of bleach containing products. Sodium Hypochlorite reacts violently with amines and ammonium salts. Solutions are reactive with common cleaning products such as toilet bowl cleaners, rust removers, vinegar, acids, organics and ammonia products to produce hazardous gases such as chlorine and other chlorinated species.

Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity of hypochlorite salts in experimental animals. No data were available from studies in humans on the carcinogenicity of hypochlorite salts. Overall evaluation: Hypochlorite salts are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). /Hypochlorite salts/

3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (L135)

Chlorine Bleach is a strong corrosive material. Sodium hypochlorite solutions frequently produce small amounts of chlorine gas. If inhaled, chlorine can trigger cough, substernal pain, respiratory distress, shortness of breath, and wheezing. Symptoms may be delayed. Nausea and vomiting are reflex in origin, and headache and loss of consciousness are probably due to the hypoxia caused by pulmonary edema. Dermal contact can lead to redness, pain, and redness of the exposed surface. Eye contact can lead to watering of the eyes. Ingestion can cause pulmonary edema, vomiting or coma. Exposure to the skin may cause sensitization or other allergic responses. If the eye is not irrigated immediately after it has been exposed permanent eye damage may occur. Toxicity described in animals from single low-dose (1% solution) exposures by ingestion include muscular weakness, and hypoactivity. Long-term administration of compound in drinking water of rats caused depression of the immune system. No adverse changes were observed in an eight week dermal study of a 1% solution in guinea pigs. Tests in animals demonstrate no carcinogenic activity by either the oral or dermal routes.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol.

Serious local effects by all routes of exposure.

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness. Pain.

Burning sensation. Sore throat. Cough. Abdominal pain. Vomiting. Diarrhoea.

Burning sensation. Cough. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Sore throat. Symptoms may be delayed.

Redness. Skin burns. Pain. Blisters.

Redness. Pain. Severe burns.

Burning sensation. Abdominal pain. Vomiting. Shock or collapse. Unconsciousness.

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LD50 Rat oral 8.91 g/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 5800 mg/kg

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

... Pulmonary edema can occur from chlorine vapors developing after mixing clorox, a 5.25% soln of sodium hypochlorite, and Saniflush (80% NaHSO4).

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Do not attempt to neutralize. /Hypochlorite and related cmpds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Early intubation, at the first signs of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. consider vasopressors if hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Hypochlorite and related cmpds/

SYMPTOMATOLOGY: 1. PAIN & INFLAMMATION OF MOUTH, PHARYNX, ESOPHAGUS, & STOMACH. EROSION OF MUCOUS MEMBRANES, CHIEFLY OF STOMACH. 2. VOMITING ... HEMORRHAGE ... 3. CIRCULATORY COLLAPSE, WITH COLD & CLAMMY SKIN, CYANOSIS, & SHALLOW RESPIRATIONS. 4. CONFUSION, DELIRIUM, COMA. 5. EDEMA OF PHARYNX, GLOTTIS & LARYNX, WITH STRIDOR & OBSTRUCTION. 6. PERFORATION OF ESOPHAGUS OR STOMACH, WITH MEDIASTINITIS OR PERITONITIS. 7. INHALATION OF HYPOCHLOROUS ACID FUMES CAUSES SEVERE RESP TRACT IRRITATION & PULMONARY EDEMA. 8. SKIN CONTACT MAY CAUSE VESICULAR ERUPTIONS AND ECZEMATOID DERMATITIS. /HYPOCHLORITE/

INGESTION OF LETHAL DOSE OF SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE HAD CORROSIVE EFFECT & METHEMOGLOBINEMIA WAS PRESENT.

... An 18 month old girl who swallowed a "few tablespoons" /of liquid household bleach/ and immediately coughed, choked and vomited. Gastric lavage with a weak vinegar solution was performed within 10 min. Promptly thereafter she became lethargic and was admitted to a local hospital in a state of coma. Her temp was 103.2 °F, pulse 160, respirations 88, and blood pressure unobtainable. Rales and rhonchi were audible, & clonic convulsive movements persisted until death, which occurred, in spite of vigorous treatment, 19 hr after ingestion. Postmortem exam revealed focal necrosis, hemorrhage, and superficial erosion of the gastric mucosa, but the presumptive cause of death was an acute tracheobronchitis, & obstructive atelectasis secondary to bronchial exudates. /Hypochlorite/

A 61 yr old woman was completing a hemodialysis treatment when routine cleaning of the hemodialysis machine was started. Approx 2 l of undiluted sodium hypochlorite cleaning soln was added to the dialysis bath. For less than 2 min the chlorox soaked membrane was in contact with the blood returning to the pt. This led to massive hemolysis, hyperkalemia, cyanosis, & cardiopulmonary arrest.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

IN TESTS ON RABBIT EYES, 5% SOLN WHICH HAD PH 11.1 TO 11.6 CAUSED IMMEDIATE PAIN, BUT IF WASHED OFF WITH WATER WITHIN THIRTY SECONDS, LEFT ONLY SLIGHT TRANSIENT CORNEAL EPITHELIAL HAZE & CONJUNCTIVAL EDEMA, WITH RETURN TO NORMAL WITHIN A DAY OR LESS. ... INTERESTING DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RABBIT & MONKEY EYES IN RESPONSE TO EXPOSURE TO 5.5% SOLN HAS BEEN REPORTED ... INDICATING THAT MONKEY EYE RECOVERS MUCH MORE RAPIDLY, MAYBE MORE LIKE HUMAN. ... 1 DROP OF 15% SOLN @ PH 11.2 CAUSED IMMEDIATE SEVERE PAIN ... CAUSED HEMORRHAGES FROM CONJUNCTIVA AND NOSE, PLUS RAPID ONSET OF GROUNDGLASS APPEARANCE OF CORNEAL EPITHELIUM ... FOLLOWED BY MODERATE BLUISH EDEMA OF WHOLE CORNEA, CHEMOSIS ... NEOVASCULARIZATION OF CONJUNCTIVA ... /SCARRING/ OF NICTITATING MEMBRANE ... .

UNDILUTED LIQUID BLEACH (CLOROX) INSTILLED INTO UPPER ESOPHAGUS OF RABBITS & DOGS PRODUCED NO PERMANENT ESOPHAGEAL LESIONS UNLESS LOWER END OF ESOPHAGUS WAS OCCLUDED, IN WHICH CASE HALF OF DOGS DIED FROM ESOPHAGEAL PERFORATION, MEDIASTINITIS & PLEURISY.

SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE WAS AMONG CMPD SCREENED & FOUND POSITIVE ON ACTIVATION IN SYSTEM WITH RAT LIVER MICROSOME FRACTION & S9 MIXT APPLIED TO CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATION TESTS IN VITRO.

DISCHARGES IN NW SICILY WERE STUDIED. SAFETY LIMIT OF 0.1 PPM FOR SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE WAS DETERMINED. AT 0.02 PPM RESIDUAL CHLORINE, THERE WAS 50% INHIBITION OF PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal.

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment.

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal.

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Hypochlorite solution; Hypochlorite solution, with more than 5% available Chlorine/

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. /Hypochlorite solution; Hypochlorite solution, with more than 5% available Chlorine/

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Hypochlorite solution; Hypochlorite solution, with more than 5% available Chlorine/

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Hypochlorite solution; Hypochlorite solution, with more than 5% available Chlorine/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1791; Hypochlorite solutions

IMO 8.0; Hypochlorite solutions

49 323 78; Sodium hypochlorite solution (containing more than 7% available chlorine by weight)

49 441 43; Sodium hypochlorite soln (Hypochlorite soln containing not more than 7% available chlorine, by wt)

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Corrosive

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: Xi; R: 31-36/38; S: (1/2)-28-45-50-61; Note: B

Symbol: C, N; R: 31-34-50; S: (1/2)-28-45-50-61; Note: B

UN Hazard Class: 8

UN Hazard Class: 8; UN Pack Group: II, III