Hexachlorocyclopentadiene

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H302 (96.2%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H310+H330 (38.5%): Fatal in contact with skin or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H310 (73.7%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H311 (26.3%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (75.6%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318 (37.8%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (100%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 156 reports by companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

Warning: Effects may be delayed. Caution is advised. Vital signs should be monitored closely.

Signs and Symptoms of Hexachlorocyclopentadiene Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute hexachlorocyclopentadiene exposure include headache, nausea, cough, throat irritation, difficult breathing, chest discomfort, bronchitis, and pulmonary edema. Inhalation of hexachlorocyclopentadiene mist is highly irritating to mucous membranes, causing tearing, sneezing, and salivation. Contact with hexachlorocyclopentadiene may result in severe eye irritation and blistering and burning of the skin.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to hexachlorocyclopentadiene may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to hexachlorocyclopentadiene.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Rush to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to hexachlorocyclopentadiene.

3. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Rush to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize!

4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2, oz) is recommended for adults.

6. Rush to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

Isolate hazard area and deny entry. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing. Fight fire from maximum distance. Dike fire control water for later disposal.

Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray or foam for small fires. For large fires, use water spray, fog, or foam. Move hexachlorocyclopentadiene from fire area if this can be done without risk. (EPA, 1998)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty). Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

If water is used on adjacent fires, do not allow water to enter drums or storage tanks.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

· For solids, prevent dust cloud and avoid inhalation of dust.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 2646 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Small spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 30 m (100 ft)

Large spill:

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.1 km (0.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 0.1 km (0.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.3 km (0.2 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 0.3 km (0.2 mi)

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable plastic containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Environmental considerations. Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder.

Environmental considerations. Water spill: Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

Environmental considerations. Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U130, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds.

The following wastewater treatment technology have been investigated for hexachlorocyclopentadiene: Concentration process: Stripping.

Recommendable Treatment and Disposable Methods: Incineration. Incineration after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced.

HCCPD is a potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450-980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. It is also a potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820-l ,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. HCCPD is also a candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650-1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1-2 seconds. Rotary kiln or fluidized bed incineration methods are acceptable disposal methods for these wastes. HCCPD can be incinerated after mixing with a combustible fuel; however, this mixture should be completely combusted to prevent the formation of phosgene, and an acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halogen acids produced.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for HEXACHLOROCYCLOPENTADIENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. For solids, prevent dust cloud and avoid inhalation of dust. (ERG, 2024)

Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Dry. Well closed. Ventilation along the floor.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

0.33 [mg/m3]

1.9 [mg/m3]

11 [mg/m3]

0.01 ppm (0.1 mg/m³)

TWA 0.01 ppm (0.1 mg/m3)

none See Appendix G

See: IDLH INDEX

0.01 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.01 ppm.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

0.01 ppm as TWA; A4 (not classifiable as a human carcinogen).

0.01 ppm [1990]

Intermediate Inhalation: 0.01 ppm (Rat) (L437)

Chronic Inhalation 0.2 ppb (Rat) (L437)

Intermediate Oral: 0.1 mg/kg/day (Rat) (L437)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation may cause lung oedema. The substance may cause effects on the kidneys and liver. This may result in tissue lesions. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Hexachlorocyclopentadiene:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift.

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene appears as a pale yellow liquid with a pungent odor. Density 14.3 lb /gal. Solidifies at 50 °F. Insoluble in water. Noncombustible. Very toxic by skin absorption and inhalation. Corrosive to tissue.

Pale-yellow to amber-colored liquid with a pungent, unpleasant odor. [Note: A solid below 16 degrees F.]; [NIOSH]

OILY YELLOW-TO-GREEN LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

Pale-yellow to amber-colored liquid with a pungent, unpleasant odor.

Pale-yellow to amber-colored liquid with a pungent, unpleasant odor. [Note: A solid below 16 °F.]

Dense, oily liquid

Pale-yellow to amber-colored liquid.

Pungent, unpleasant odor.

462 °F at 753 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

239 °C @760 [mm Hg]

16 °F (EPA, 1998)

Non-flammable (EPA, 1998)

less than 0.1 mg/mL at 70.7 °F (NTP, 1992)

Soluble in all proportions in acetone, carbon tetrachloride, methanol and hexane.

In water, 1.8 mg/L at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 0.2

(77 °F): 0.0002% (Reacts)

1.7019 at 77 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink

1.7019 at 25 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.7

1.7019 @25 °C

9.4 (EPA, 1998) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

9.4 (AIR= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 9.4

0.08 mmHg at 77 °F (EPA, 1998)

0.06 [mmHg]

0.060 mm Hg at 25 °C /Extrapolated/

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 10.7

0.08 mmHg at 77 °F

0.06 [mm Hg] @25 °C

(77 °F): 0.08 mmHg

log Kow= 5.04

Henry's Law constant= 2.7X10-2 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride/.

In presence of moisture, will corrode iron & other metals.

37.5 dynes/cm= 0.0375 N/m @ 20 °C

Odor Threshold Low: 0.15 [ppm]

An odor threshold of 0.15 ppm has been reported. [ACGIH] VP from HSDB

0.15 ppm or 1.7 mg/cu m

Odor low: 1.5 mg/cu m; Odor high: 3.3 mg/cu m

Insoluble in water. Reacts slowly with water to form hydrochloric acid.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Unsaturated

Conjugated Dienes

HEXACHLOROCYCLOPENTADIENE is incompatible with strong oxidizing and reducing agents. Also incompatible with many amines, nitrides, azo/diazo compounds, alkali metals (sodium), and epoxides.

Reacts slowly with water to form hydrochloric acid.

Water, light [Note: Reacts slowly with water to form hydrochloric acid; will corrode iron & most metals in presence of moisture. Explosive hydrogen gas may collect in enclosed spaces in the presence of moisture].

Water, light [Note: Reacts slowly with water to form hydrochloric acid; will corrode iron & most metals in presence of moisture. Explosive hydrogen gas may collect in enclosed spaces in the presence of moisture.]

CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile

HCCPD may interact with the microsomes that binds to secretory molecules and changes their ability to be transported from the cell. It can be postulated, that some of its toxic properties are a consequence of its reactivity in Diels-Alder reactions where a conjugated diene combines with a substituted or unsubstituted alkene (a dienophile) in a cycloaddition reaction. Biological tissues contain a large number of potential reactants for cycloaddition reactions. HCCPD can also undergo addition and substitution reactions or be oxidized by way of the mixed function oxidase system. Effects of HCCPD on the brain may also be a reflection of the reaction of either HCCPD or a metabolite with brain lipids. The effects of HCCPD on the adrenal glands may be a reflection of its ability to combine with the unsaturated carbons in sterols produced by this gland. The hydroxyl functional group of a sterol is on a carbon adjacent to the double bond and can activate that bond to cycloaddition reactions. Such reactions would require exposure to large doses of HCCPD so that reactive material would reach the adrenal gland. HCCPD is excreted in urine and feces. (L437)

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (HCCPD)

Gastrointestinal

Respiratory

6 x 10 ^-3 mg/kg-day

2 x 10 ^-4 mg/m^3

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) and(or) Semi-Volatile Organic Compound (SVOC) (Pesticide)

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

Cancer Classification: Group D Not Classifiable as to Human Carcinogenicity

CLASSIFICATION: D; not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Inadequate data in humans and no data in animals concerning carcinogenicity of hexachlorocyclopentadiene. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate.

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

TR-437: Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (CASRN 77-47-4) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies) (1994 )

06/22/93

No Evidence

Under the conditions of these 2-year studies, there was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of hexachlorocyclopentadiene in male or female F344/N rats or B6C3F1 mice exposed to 0.01, 0.05, or 0.2 ppm.

Exposure of rats to hexachlorocyclopentadiene produced pigmentation of the respiratory epithelium of the nose, trachea (males), and bronchi and bronchioles of the lung. Squamous metaplasia of the laryngeal epithelium occurred in female rats exposed to hexachlorocyclopentadiene. Suppurative inflammation of the nose as well as pigmentation of the respiratory mucosal epithelium occurred in mice exposed to hexachlorocyclopentadiene.

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Patients exposed to HCCPD may get a sore throat or have shortness of breath and chest discomfort. Bleeding, swelling, and fluid buildup can occur in the lungs. The linings of the respiratory passages and the lungs are very susceptible to damage from low concentrations of HCCPD following inhalation exposure. Inflammation of the tissues can be followed by necrosis, exfoliation, and hemorrhage. Tissue repair is often fibrous in appearance. Long-term exposure to very low levels of HCCPD can produce granular yellow-brown pigmentation of the epithelium of the nose, trachea, larynx, and lungs. High acute oral doses of HCCPD are associated with liver necrosis and tissue degeneration. The kidneys also appear to be a target tissue for HCCPD toxicity. Degenerative lesions in the tubules can result from small oral doses. (L437)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Inhalation (L442) ; oral (L442) ; dermal (L442) ; eye contact (L442)

Cough. Sore throat. Headache. Diarrhoea. Dizziness. Nausea. Vomiting. Laboured breathing.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain. Skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe deep burns.

Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Shock or collapse. Further see Inhalation.

irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; eye, skin burns; lacrimation (discharge of tears); sneezing, cough, dyspnea (breathing difficulty), salivation, pulmonary edema; nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; In Animals: liver, kidney injury

Inhalation of HCCPD can cause cough, sore throat, headache, diarrhoea, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and laboured breathing. Ingestion of HCCPD can cause abdominal pain,burning sensation, shock or collapse. Dermal exposure can cause redness, pain and skin burns. Eye exposure can cause redness, pain, blurred vision, and severe deep burns. (L442)

Hepatic (Liver), Renal (Urinary System or Kidneys), Respiratory (From the Nose to the Lungs)

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, liver, kidneys

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

Assuming a human body wt of 70 kg, the acceptable daily intake for hexachlorocyclopentadiene is 0.00462 mg/day. /Inhalation, Acceptable Intake Chronic/

IRIS Current

ATSDR Final

LC50 (rat) = 1.6 ppm/4h

LD50: 471 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (L437)

LC50 Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow, early juvenile) 6.7 ug/L/30 days; flow-through

LC50 Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow, larval) 7.0 ug/L/96 hr; flow-through

LC50 Penaeus duorarum (Pink shrimp) 0.34 ug/L/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LC50 Microhyla ornata (Ornate narrow-mouthed frog) 7.3 mg/L/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for HEXACHLOROCYCLOPENTADIENE (21 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Acclimated normal rainbow trout were exposed to 130 ppb hexachlorocyclopentadiene in a flow through well water circuit which was designed to permit measurements of oxygen consumption by the fish. Compared to pre-hexachlorocyclopentadiene values, hexachlorocyclopentadiene increased oxygen consumption rates by 186 + or - 24%, with maximum oxygen consumption rates being reached in 84 min after hexachlorocyclopentadiene exposure. Oxygen consumption subsequently decreased, and all hexachlorocyclopentadiene exposed fish died within 6.5 hr of exposure. Fish exposed to hexachlorocyclopentadiene free vehicle (acetone) showed no changes of oxygen consumption. When added to normal isolated trout heart mitochondria, hexachlorocyclopentadiene appeared to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation, with calculated respiratory control ratios being decreased 50% from control values at a hexachlorocyclopentadiene concentration of 0.41 umole.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ ...30-day early-life stage flow-through toxicity tests /were conducted/ with fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) using measured concentrations and 1-day-old larvae. The 96-hr LC50 value was 7 ug/L. The 96-hr mortality data indicated a sharp toxicity threshold, such that 94% survival was observed at 3.7 ug/L, 70% at 7.3 ug/L, and 2% at 9.1 ug/L. At the end of the 30-day exposure period, mortality was only slightly higher, with 90% survival at 3.7 ug/L, 66% at 7.3 ug/L, and 0% at 9.1 ug/L. These results indicated that the median lethal threshold, the lowest concentration causing 50% mortality, was reached within 4 days. In addition, the HEX residues found in fathead minnows at the end of the 30-day tests were low (<0.1 ug/g), and a BCF value of <11 was reported. The authors concluded that the toxicity data and the BCF values indicated that HEX was non-cumulative in fish, i.e. it did not bioconcentrate in fish as a result of continuous low-level exposure to HEX. The growth rate of surviving larvae, measured in terms of both body length and weight, did not decrease significantly at any of the concentrations tested, compared with the controls. This was true even at 7.3 ug/L, a level greater than the calculated LC50 value. Based on these toxicity and growth data, /it was/ concluded that 3.7 ug/L is the highest concentration of HEX that produces no adverse effects on fathead minnow larvae.

1.80e+00

7.50e+00

2.10e-01

8.80e-01

4.10e-01

5.00e+01

1.30e-03

1.60e-01

6.00e-03

2.00e-04

Volatile

1.57e+01

5.30e+00

2.20e+01

6.30e-01

2.60e+00

1.20e+00

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur in fish. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment.

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene's production and use as an intermediate in the production of pesticides, resins, dyes, and pharmaceuticals may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. It has previously been used as a biocide. If released to air a vapor pressure of 0.060 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates that hexachlorocyclopentadiene will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase hexachlorocyclopentadiene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 29 days. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene absorbs light greater than 290 nm and direct photolysis is an important degradation pathway. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene adsorbed onto silica gel, underwent 46.0% photomineralization when irradiated with UV light (>290 nm) for 17 hours. If released to soil, an average Koc value of 4,265 indicates that hexachlorocyclopentadiene is expected to have low mobility in soil. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important environmental fate process based on a Henry's Law constant of 0.027 atm-cu m/mole; however, adsorption to soil may attenuate volatilization. Volatilization losses of 0.84-1.60% from moist sand, 0.35-0.67% from moist loam, and 0.15-0.285% from moist humus were observed over a two hour period in a laboratory study, carried out at 25 °C. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene is susceptible to direct photolysis, hydrolysis and biodegradation on soil surfaces with losses of over 90% in unsterilized soil subjected to natural sunlight over a 7 day period. If released to water, hexachlorocyclopentadiene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in the water column based on the average Koc value. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant; however, adsorption may attenuate volatilization from water. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 hours and 7 days, respectively if adsorption is neglected. The volatilization half-life from a model pond is estimated as 37 days if adsorption is considered. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene photodegrades rapidly in sunlit surface waters with a photodegradation half-life on the order of several minutes to over an hour. Hydrolytic half-lives ranging from several hours to 2-3 weeks are expected for hexachlorocyclopentadiene under environmental conditions. BCF values on the range of 100-1354 measured in fish, suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high. Occupational exposure to hexachlorocyclopentadiene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where hexachlorocyclopentadiene is produced or used. (SRC)

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene's production and use as an intermediate in the production of pesticides, resins, dyes, and pharmaceuticals(1,2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Hexachlorocyclopentadiene has previously been used as a biocide(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), the average Koc value of 4,265 from 15 different soils(2) indicates that hexachlorocyclopentadiene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of hexachlorocyclopentadiene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 0.027 atm-cu m/mole(3). Hexachlorocyclopentadiene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based on a vapor pressure of 0.060 mm Hg(4). Volatilization losses of 0.84-1.60% from moist sand, 0.35-0.67% from moist loam, and 0.15-0.285% from moist humus were observed over a two hour period in a laboratory study, carried out at 25 °C, where the initial hexachlorocyclopentadiene concentration was 50 ug/kg soil on a dry weight basis(5). Radiolabeled hexachlorocyclopentadiene at an initial concentration of 1 mg/kg was added to soil contained in a glass flask covered with perforated aluminum foil and kept on a laboratory shelf which was exposed to sunlight. After 7 days incubation, recovery of nonpolar compounds (hexachlorocyclopentadiene and nonpolar metabolites) was 6.1% in unaltered, nonsterile soil (approx 72% was polar and nonextractable), approx 6% in nonsterile soil at pH 4, approx 9% in nonsterile soil at pH 8, 36.1% in autoclaved soil (33.5% was polar and nonextractable), approx 15% in sodium azide treated soil, and approx 3% in flooded (anaerobic) soil. These data indicate that loss of hexachlorocyclopentadiene from soil is the result of abiotic and biotic degradation(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), the average Koc value of 4,265 from 15 different soils(2) indicates that hexachlorocyclopentadiene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 0.027 atm-cu m/mole(4); however adsorption may attenuate volatilization(3). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 hours and 7 days, respectively if adsorption is ignored(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model pond is estimated as 37 days if adsorption is considered(5). According to a classification scheme(6), BCF values in the range of 100-1354 measured in fish(7-10), suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC).If released to water, hexachlorocyclopentadiene will degrade primarily by photolysis and chemical hydrolysis. During daylight hours, hexachlorocyclopentadiene found in clear, shallow water is expected to photodegrade with a half-life on the order of several minutes(4). 2,3,4,4,5-Pentachloro-2-cyclopentenone, hexachloro-2-cyclopentenone, and hexachloro-3-cyclopentenone have been identified as primary photodegradation products of hexachlorocyclopentadiene. In unlit or deep, turbid water, chemical hydrolysis is expected to be an important fate process. Hydrolytic half-lives ranging from several hours to 2-3 weeks are predicted for waters with temperatures in the range of 20-30 °C(4,11). An aqueous screening test showed that hexachlorocyclopentadiene was totally degraded in 7 days using domestic wastewater as inoculum(12). Both hydrolysis and biodegradation were potential degradation pathways.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), hexachlorocyclopentadiene, which has a vapor pressure of 0.06 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase hexachlorocyclopentadiene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 29 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.9X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Hexachlorocyclopentadiene absorbs light greater than 290 nm(4) and has been shown to undergo direct photolysis rapidly(5). Hexachlorocyclopentadiene adsorbed onto silica gel, underwent 46.0% photomineralization when irradiated with UV light (>290 nm) for 17 hours(5).

In a static-screening study (BOD dilution water containing nutrient broth, settled domestic wastewater as inoculum, initial hexachlorocyclopentadiene concn 5 and 10 mg/l, during a 7 day incubation period in the dark) 100% loss of hexachlorocyclopentadiene was observed(1). Based on hydrolytic half-life data for this compound, hydrolysis alone does not necessarily account for the 100% observed loss of hexachlorocyclopentadiene. Volatilization was reported to be insignificant. Thus, some of the observed loss may have been due to biodegradation(SRC). Hexachlorocyclopentadiene has been found to degrade more quickly in nonsterile soils than sterile soils, suggesting that degradation was partially due to biodegradation(2).

(14)C labeled hexachlorocyclopentadiene was photolyzed rapidly when dissolved in water & irradiated with a mercury vapor light source. The photolytic half-life was less than 1.03 min. 2,3,4,4,5-Pentachlorocyclopentenone was tentatively identified as the primary photolysis product. After 10 min of irradiation, 44% of HEX radiocarbon equivalents were converted to water soluble photoproducts. Neither mirex nor kepone were detected as photoproducts. /Wavelength not specified/

Hydrolysis of hexachlorocyclopentadiene has been found to be independent over the pH range 5 to 9(1,2). Using distilled water or tap water, the hydrolytic half-life has been determined to be 16.1 days at 22 °C(3), 14 days at 25 °C(1), and 5.3 days at 30 °C(2). Measured hydrolysis rate constants for hexachlorocyclopentadiene in sediment suspensions at 30 °C range from 1.3X10-4 to 3.24X10-3 l/min(2,4). These values correspond to hydrolytic half-lives ranging from 3.6 hours to 3.7 days. No hydrolysis products were identified; although, high molecular weight polyhydroxy compounds appeared to be the major products(5).

Rate constants for photolysis of hexachlorocyclopentadiene in distilled water and natural water samples exposed to midday sunlight during Nov-Dec in Athens, GA (latitude 34 deg N) were found to range between 3.8-19.9 l/hr and 4.9-19.7 l/hr, respectively(1). These values correspond to photolytic half-lives of 2-11 minutes for distilled water and 2-8.5 minutes for natural waters(SRC). These data indicate that suspended solids had little effect on photolysis rates as compared to photolysis rates in distilled water(1). As part of this same study photolysis of hexachlorocyclopentadiene on an overcast November day was found to be slightly slower in natural waters containing humic materials (half-life 8 minutes) compared to distilled water (half-life 6 minutes), probably due to light attenuation(1). Photolysis half-lives for hexachlorocyclopentadiene in tap water, natural water, and deionized water exposed to sunlight on a sunny day in Champaign, IL were <4 minutes(2). The photolysis half-life of hexachlorocyclopentadiene at 100 mg/L was measured in aqueous buffered solutions at pH 5, 7.4, 9, and 11 and in solutions containing the sensitizer riboflavin(3). Direct photolysis occurred rapidly with a half-life of about 100 minutes, but sensitized photolysis occurred even more rapidly with a half-life of about 47 minutes for solutions in which 5 mg/L riboflavin was added(3).

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene in cyclohexane strongly absorbs UV light in the environmentally significant range (wavelengths greater than 290 nm)(1). Strong absorption of UV light and observed rapid photolysis in aqueous solution suggest that direct photolysis would probably be the dominant removal process in the atmosphere and on soil surfaces. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene adsorbed onto silica gel, underwent 46.0% photomineralization when irradiated with UV light (>290 nm) for 17 hours(2). These data indicate that hexachlorocyclopentadiene adsorbed onto sunlight-exposed particles (e.g. dust, soil surfaces) may be subject to rapid photodegradation(SRC). The rate constant for the reaction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene vapor with photochemically generated hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere has been estimated to be 3.9X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 29 days assuming an average ambient hydroxyl radical concentration of 5X10+5 molecules/cu cm(3).

Rate constants for reaction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene with singlet oxygen and peroxy radicals in water have been estimated to be <1X10+3 and 12 L/mole-hr, respectively(1). These values correspond to reaction half-lives of 79,000 and 6,600 years, respectively, assuming average ambient concentrations of singlet oxygen and peroxy radicals of 1X10-12 and 1X10-9 mol/L(2), respectively, under typical environmental conditions(SRC).

Bioconcentration factor of hexachlorocyclopentadiene in a laboratory model ecosystem were: alga (Edogonium) 341; snail (Physa) 929; mosquito (Culex) 1634; and fish (Gambusia) 448(1). BCFs in other aquatic species were: green alga (Chlorella fusca) 1090(2); fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) <11(3) and 29(4); goldfish (Carassius auratus) 100-323(5), golden orfe (Leuciscus idus) 1230(6). The steady-state BCF value for fingerling goldfish exposed to 4 and 5 ppb of hexachlorocyclopentadiene was 1354 in a renewable freshwater system, and the BCF was 323 in a static system(7). Based on a classification scheme(8), these data indicate that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC).

The attenuation mechanisms & capacity of selected clay minerals and soils for hexachlorocyclopentadiene (C-56) adsorption, a chemical model to predict C-56 migration through soil materials, & the major degradation products of C-56 in the environment were investigated. C-56 was readily adsorbed by soil materials; the adsorption capacity of C-56 was highly correlated with the total organic carbon content. Adsorbed C-56 remained immobile in the earth materials when leached with water, landfill leachates, and caustic soda brine solutions, but was highly mobile when leached with organic solvents.

The average soil adsorption coefficient (Koc) for hexachlorocyclopentadiene, based on measurements made in 15 different soils, was determined to be 4,265(1). Measured Rf values for hexachlorocyclopentadiene in muck, silt, silt loam, silt clay, loam, and sandy soils leached with tap water and landfill leachate range between 0.001-0.005(1). Based on a classification scheme(2), these data indicate that hexachlorocyclopentadiene has very low mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for hexachlorocyclopentadiene is 0.027 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that hexachlorocyclopentadiene is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces; however, adsorption may attenuate this process(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 2 hours if adsorption is ignored(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 7 days if adsorption is ignored(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model pond is about 37 days when adsorption is considered(3). Losses of hexachlorocyclopentadiene (initial conc 0.41 mg/L), from half-full glass-stoppered and unstoppered bottles shaken at room temperature over a 24 hour period were equivalent to 15-16% of the original amount(4). Loss was presumably due to volatilization(4). Volatilization losses of 5.3-9.9% were observed over a two hr period from a static aqueous solution of hexachlorocyclopentadiene at an initial concentration of 50 ng/L at 25 °C(5). Hexachlorocyclopentadiene's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur; however, adsorption may attenuate volatilization(2). Hexachlorocyclopentadiene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.060 mm Hg(6). Volatilization losses of 0.84-1.60% from moist sand, 0.35-0.67% from moist loam, and 0.15-0.285% from moist humus were observed over a two hour period in a laboratory study, carried out at 25 °C, where the initial hexachlorocyclopentadiene concentration was 50 ug/kg soil on a dry weight basis(5). Following application of 100 mg of radiolabeled hexachlorocyclopentadiene to a moist Maury silt loam, the cumulative evaporative losses of this compound and its nonpolar metabolites (penta- and tetrachlorocylopentadiene) 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days after application were 9.3, 10.2, 10.6, 10.8, 11.0, and 11.2%, respectively(4).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U130, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds.

The following wastewater treatment technology have been investigated for hexachlorocyclopentadiene: Concentration process: Stripping.

Recommendable Treatment and Disposable Methods: Incineration. Incineration after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced.

HCCPD is a potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450-980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. It is also a potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820-l ,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. HCCPD is also a candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650-1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1-2 seconds. Rotary kiln or fluidized bed incineration methods are acceptable disposal methods for these wastes. HCCPD can be incinerated after mixing with a combustible fuel; however, this mixture should be completely combusted to prevent the formation of phosgene, and an acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halogen acids produced.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY.

Table: Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Hexachlorocyclopentadiene [Table#4700]

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways.

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for HEXACHLOROCYCLOPENTADIENE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2646; Hexachlorocyclopentadiene

IMO 6.1; Hexachlorocyclopentadiene

49 330 15; Hexachlorocyclopentadiene

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Poison Inhalation Hazard

Symbol: T+, N; R: 22-24-26-34-50/53; S: (1/2)-25-39-45-53-60-61

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: I