crotoxyphos

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P262, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P316, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301 (97.6%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (100%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 42 reports by companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

P262, P264, P270, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P316, P321, P330, P361+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

AVOID UNNECESSARY EXPOSURE TO SPRAY OPERATOR OR CONTAMINATION OF FEEDSTUFFS.

Keep cool but avoid freezing EC.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

Rubber gloves, respirator for commercial spraying.

Pale straw-colored liquid; [Merck Index]

LIGHT STRAW-COLORED LIQ

Clear liquid

Mild ester

135 °C @ 0.03 MM HG

0.1%; SLIGHTLY SOL IN KEROSENE, SATURATED HYDROCARBONS; SOL IN ACETONE, CHLOROFORM, ETHANOL, HIGHLY CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS

0.1% in water at room temperature

SOL IN PROPAN-2-OL, XYLENE

1.19 @ 25 °C

DENSITY: 1.2 @ 15 °C/15 °C

0.000014 [mmHg]

1.4X10-5 mm Hg @ 20 °C

IN AQ SOLN AT 38 °C, 50% IS HYDROLYZED IN 87 HR AT PH 1, 35 HR AT PH 9. ...WILL NOT ATTACK FIBERGLASS, REINFORCED POLYESTER, RIGID PVC, OR THE USUAL LACQUERS USED FOR LINING DRUMS.

...STABLE IN PRESENCE OF HYDROCARBON SOLVENTS; HYDROLYZED IN PRESENCE OF WATER...

Slightly corrosive to copper, lead, mild steel, tin and zinc, but will not attack fiberglass, reinforced polyester, rigid PVC, or the usual lacquers used for lining drums. Incompatible with most mineral carriers, except synthetic silicas such as 'Colloidal Silica K320' and 'Hisil 233'.

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.4988 @ 25 °C/D

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.5505 @ 25 °C/D

In aqueous solution at 38 °C, 50% is hydrolyzed in 87 hr at pH 1 and 35 hr at pH 9.

Pesticides -> Organophosphate Insecticides

Pesticide (Crotoxyphos) -> USDA PDB

Chemical: CROTOXYPHOS

Other Poison - Organophosphate

MAY POTENTIATE.../CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION/ BY OTHER INSECTICIDES, ANTHELMINTICS, PHENOTHIAZINE TRANQUILIZERS, & ANESTHETIC AGENTS.

A CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR.

Symptomatology: 1. Nausea...vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, excessive salivation... 2. Headache, giddiness, vertigo & weakness. 3. Rhinorrhea & sensation of tightness in chest are common in inhalation exposure. 4. Blurring or dimness of vision, miosis... Tearing, ciliary muscle spasm, loss of accommodation & ocular pain... Mydriasis...sometimes seen...probably due to sympatho-adrenal discharge. 5. Bradycardia or tachycardia. Varying degrees of AV heart block are described, as well as atrial arrhythmias. 6. Loss of muscle coordination, slurring of speech, fasciculations & twitching of muscles (particularly of tongue & eyelids, & generalized profound weakness. 7. Mental confusion, disorientation & drowsiness. /Parathion/

Symptomatology: 8. Difficulty in breathing, excessive secretion of saliva & of resp tract mucus, oronasal frothing, cyanosis, pulmonary rales & rhonchi & hypertension (presumably due to asphyxia). 9. Random jerky movements, incontinence, convulsions, & coma. 10. Death primarily due to resp arrest arising from failure of resp center, paralysis of resp muscles, intense bronchoconstriction or all three. /Parathion/

IN 90-DAY FEEDING TRIALS NO EFFECT ON GROWTH NOR HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGE WAS OBSERVED: FOR MALE RATS RECEIVING 900 MG/KG DIET; FOR FEMALES 300 MG/KG DIET.

ACUTE SYMPTOMS: /ORALLY, MALLARDS SHOWED/ ATAXIA, LEG WEAKNESS, WINGS CROSSED HIGH OVER BACK, OPISTHOTONOS. MOST MORTALITIES OCCURRED ABOUT AN HOUR AFTER ADMIN.

BRAHMAN CALVES TREATED WITH 1% CROTOXYPHOS SPRAY SHOWED INHIBITION OF WHOLE BLOOD & RED BLOOD CELL CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY. 2 OF 4 CALVES SHOWED SEVERE TOXICOSIS & 1 DEVELOPED SKIN LESIONS. CALVES TREATED WITH 0.5% SPRAY OR 3% DUST SHOWED CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION BUT NOT TOXICOSIS.

CROTOXYPHOS INCREASED THE MITOTIC RECOMBINATION FREQUENCY IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE D3.

It is normally safe at a level of 1%, although skin lesions have been reported in pigs.

LD50 MALLARD ORAL 790 MG/KG (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 411-1520 MG/KG), 3-4 MO OLD MALES /TECHNICAL, 85%/

LC50 Gammarus lacustris 49.0 ug/L/24 hr @ 15 °C (95% confidence limit 36.0-67.0 ug/L), mature. Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l. /Technical, 80%/

LC50 Pteronarcys 2.2 ug/L/72 hr @ 15 °C, second year class. Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l. /Technical, 80%/

LC50 Salmo clarki (cutthroat trout) 51.0 ug/L/96 hr @ 12 °C (95% confidence limit 28.0-91.0 ug/L), wt 1.0 g. Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l. /Technical, 80%/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for CIODRIN (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Ciodrin was released to the environment as a result of its use as an insecticide for the control of external insect pests, such as flies, mites and ticks on livestock. Its registration has been cancelled so releases of Ciodrin should no longer occur. It may also have been released during its production, transport, formulation, and disposal. If released on land, Ciodrin will adsorb moderately to the soil and biodegrade in about a day. Degradation is faster in alkaline than in acid soils. If released in water, Ciodrin will be lost due to hydrolysis. The hydrolysis half-life is 17 days at pH 6.0 and shorter in more alkaline water. Ciodrin will also adsorb moderately to sediment and particulate matter in the soil column and biodegrade approximately 2 orders of magnitude faster than the chemical hydrolysis. Ciodrin would not be expected to volatilize from water or bioconcentrate in fish. If released into the atmosphere during spraying, Ciodrin-containing aerosols will be removed by gravitational settling. Vapor-phase Ciodrin will react with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals resulting in an estimated atmospheric half-life of 4.2 hr. Exposure to Ciodrin would be occupational, especially by inhalation of aerosols or by dermal contact during application. (SRC)

Ciodrin was released to the environment as a result of its use (by spraying) as an insecticide for the control of external insect pests on livestock and it was recommended for the control of flies, mites and ticks on cattle and pigs(1,2). However, its registration has been cancelled(3) and therfore it should no longer be released. It may also have been released during its production, transport, formulation, and disposal(SRC).

DEGRADATION OF CIODRIN VARIED BETWEEN SOILS. HALF-LIFE VALUE VARIED FROM 2 HR IN A POYGAN SILTY CLAY LOAM TO 71 HR IN AN ELLA LOAMY SAND. IN AQUEOUS SOIL-FREE SYSTEMS HALF-LIFE VALUES FOR CIODRIN DEGRADATION WERE 180, 410, AND 540 HR AT PH 9, 6, AND 2, RESPECTIVELY.

AN ENZYME WHICH CATALYZED THE HYDROLYSIS OF CROTOXYPHOS WAS ISOLATED FROM NONSTERILE & RADIATION STERILE CHEHALIS CLAY LOAM. IT WAS HYDROLYZED TO DIMETHYL PHOSPHATE & ALPHA-METHYLBENZYL 3-HYDROXY CROTONATE IN 16 HR @ 37 °C.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: If released on land, Ciodrin will adsorb moderately to the soil and biodegrade in about a day(2). In experiments performed on the biodegradion of Ciodrin in three soil-water solutions, 14C-Ciodrin concentrations showed a very rapid initial decline resulting from adsorption and then continued to decline at a slower rate due to biodegradation(1). As degradation proceeded, degradation products were released into the solution and all the 14C was found in solution at the end of the experiment. In each soil system, Ciodrin degradation followed first-order kinetics and was related to the extent of initial adsorption. At pH 6.0, the degradation rate in the soil system is two orders of magnitude greater than in aqueous solution. The half-lives of Ciodrin in the soil-water systems are: Poygan silty clay loam (2.2% OC, pH 7.2), 2.00 hr (nonsterile) and 3.75 hr (sterile); Kewanunee Clay (5.8% OC, pH 6.4), 5.50 hr (nonsterile) and 6.00 hr (sterile); and Ella loamy sand (0.93% OC, pH 3.8), 71.0 hr (nonsterile) and 77.0 hr (sterile)(1). The decrease in rate in the electron-beam-sterilized soil was due to decreased Ciodrin adsorption due to the treatment, rather than from retardation of microbial degradation(1). The degradation involves an initial hydrolysis of the ester linkage leading to 3(methoxyphosphinyloxy)crotonic acid(1). The final products are dimethylphosphoric acid, cis-hydroxycrotonic acid, and 1-phenylethanol which are all water soluble(1). In laboratory studies in Chehalis clay loam, 87% of the applied ciodrin degraded in 1 day(2). The enzyme responsible for the degradation exhibits maximum activity at pH 8 and is heat labile(3).

AQUATIC FATE: If released in water, ciodrin will be lost due to hydrolysis. The hydrolysis half-lives are 540, 410 and 180 hr at pH 2.0, 6.0, and 9.0, respectively(1). Ciodrin will also adsorb moderately to sediment and particulate matter in the soil column and hydrolyze by a microbially mediated process approximately 2 orders of magnitude faster than in water(1). Ciodrin would not be expected to volatilize from water or bioconcentrate in fish(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: If released into the atmosphere during spraying, ciodrin-containing aerosols will be removed by gravitational settling. Ciodrin has a vapor pressure of 1.4X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2). In the atmosphere, Ciodrin will exist primarily as the vapor(3). Vapor-phase Ciodrin will react with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals resulting in an estimated atmospheric half-life of 4.2 hr(1).

In experiments performed on the biodegradion of Ciodrin in three soil-water solutions, 14C-Ciodrin concentrations showed a very rapid initial decline resulting from adsorption and then continued to decline at a slower rate due to biodegradation(1). As degradation proceeded, degradation products were released into the solution and all the 14C was found in solution at the end of the experiment. In each soil system, Ciodrin degradation followed first-order kinetics and was related to the extent of initial adsorption. At pH 6.0, the degradation rate in the soil system is two orders of magnitude greater than in aqueous solution. The half-lives of Ciodrin in the soil-water systems are: Poygan silty clay loam (2.2% OC, pH 7.2), 2.00 hr (nonsterile) and 3.75 hr (sterile); Kewanunee Clay (5.8% OC, pH 6.4), 5.50 hr (nonsterile) and 6.00 hr (sterile); and Ella loamy sand (0.93% OC, pH 3.8), 71.0 hr (nonsterile) and 77.0 hr (sterile)(1). The decrease in rate in the electron-beam-sterilized soil was due to decreased Ciodrin adsorption due to the treatment, rather than from retardation of microbial degradation(1). The degradation involves an initial hydrolysis of the ester linkage leading to 3(methoxyphosphinyloxy)crotonic acid(1). The final products are dimethylphosphoric acid, cis-hydroxycrotonic acid, and 1-phenylethanol which are all water soluble(1). In laboratory studies in Chehalis clay loam, 87% of the applied ciodrin degraded in 1 day(2). The enzyme responsible for the degradation exhibits maximum activity at pH 8 and is heat labile(3).

Ciodrin hydrolyzes by a base-catalyzed reaction. The hydrolysis half-lives, presumably at room temperature, are 540, 410 and 180 hr at pH 2.0, 6.0, and 9.0, respectively(1). At 38 °C, the hydrolysis half-lives are 35 hr at pH 9 and 87 hr at pH 1(2). Ciodrin has a vapor pressure of 1.4X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). In the atmosphere, Ciodrin will exist primarily as the vapor(3). There it will react with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated rate constant of 92.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-s(4). Assuming a hydroxyl radical concn of 5X10+5 radicals/cu cm, the half-life of Ciodrin in the atmosphere would be 4.2 hr(SRC).

Using an estimated log Kow of 1.89(1), one would estimate a BCF of 16 for Ciodrin using a recommended regression equation(2). This would indicate that Ciodrin would not bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms(SRC).

The mean soil water distribution coefficient of Ciodrin in 3 soils, Poygan silty clay loam (2.2% OC, pH 7.2), Kewanunee Clay (5.8% OC, pH 6.4), and Ella loamy sand (0.93% OC, pH 3.8) was 6.09(1,2). The mean Koc value for these soils was 173(1). According to a suggested classification scheme(3), a Koc value of 173 suggests moderate mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for Ciodrin estimated from its vapor pressure, 1.4X10-5 mmHg(1), and water solubility, 1000 mg/L(1), is 5.8X10-9 atm-cu-m/mol(SRC). Chemicals with such low Henry's Law constants are nonvolatile from water(2).

In a pesticide screening study of 81 varieties of domestic and imported produce (6970 samples), no residues of Ciodrin was found above the detection limit of 2.5 ppm(1).

When Ciodrin (0.03%) was sprayed on dairy cattle, the maximum residue in milk was 0.007 ppm(1). This decreased to 0.001 ppm after two days.

Exposure to Ciodrin would be occupational, especially by inhalation of aerosols or by dermal contact during application. Ciodrin is metabolized in mammals and disappears from milk within about 2 days(1). Howaever it may be ingested if milk is obtained shortly after the animal is treated(SRC).

LD50 MALLARD ORAL 790 MG/KG (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 411-1520 MG/KG), 3-4 MO OLD MALES /TECHNICAL, 85%/

LC50 Gammarus lacustris 49.0 ug/L/24 hr @ 15 °C (95% confidence limit 36.0-67.0 ug/L), mature. Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l. /Technical, 80%/

LC50 Pteronarcys 2.2 ug/L/72 hr @ 15 °C, second year class. Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l. /Technical, 80%/

LC50 Salmo clarki (cutthroat trout) 51.0 ug/L/96 hr @ 12 °C (95% confidence limit 28.0-91.0 ug/L), wt 1.0 g. Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l. /Technical, 80%/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for CIODRIN (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Ciodrin was released to the environment as a result of its use as an insecticide for the control of external insect pests, such as flies, mites and ticks on livestock. Its registration has been cancelled so releases of Ciodrin should no longer occur. It may also have been released during its production, transport, formulation, and disposal. If released on land, Ciodrin will adsorb moderately to the soil and biodegrade in about a day. Degradation is faster in alkaline than in acid soils. If released in water, Ciodrin will be lost due to hydrolysis. The hydrolysis half-life is 17 days at pH 6.0 and shorter in more alkaline water. Ciodrin will also adsorb moderately to sediment and particulate matter in the soil column and biodegrade approximately 2 orders of magnitude faster than the chemical hydrolysis. Ciodrin would not be expected to volatilize from water or bioconcentrate in fish. If released into the atmosphere during spraying, Ciodrin-containing aerosols will be removed by gravitational settling. Vapor-phase Ciodrin will react with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals resulting in an estimated atmospheric half-life of 4.2 hr. Exposure to Ciodrin would be occupational, especially by inhalation of aerosols or by dermal contact during application. (SRC)

Ciodrin was released to the environment as a result of its use (by spraying) as an insecticide for the control of external insect pests on livestock and it was recommended for the control of flies, mites and ticks on cattle and pigs(1,2). However, its registration has been cancelled(3) and therfore it should no longer be released. It may also have been released during its production, transport, formulation, and disposal(SRC).

DEGRADATION OF CIODRIN VARIED BETWEEN SOILS. HALF-LIFE VALUE VARIED FROM 2 HR IN A POYGAN SILTY CLAY LOAM TO 71 HR IN AN ELLA LOAMY SAND. IN AQUEOUS SOIL-FREE SYSTEMS HALF-LIFE VALUES FOR CIODRIN DEGRADATION WERE 180, 410, AND 540 HR AT PH 9, 6, AND 2, RESPECTIVELY.

AN ENZYME WHICH CATALYZED THE HYDROLYSIS OF CROTOXYPHOS WAS ISOLATED FROM NONSTERILE & RADIATION STERILE CHEHALIS CLAY LOAM. IT WAS HYDROLYZED TO DIMETHYL PHOSPHATE & ALPHA-METHYLBENZYL 3-HYDROXY CROTONATE IN 16 HR @ 37 °C.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: If released on land, Ciodrin will adsorb moderately to the soil and biodegrade in about a day(2). In experiments performed on the biodegradion of Ciodrin in three soil-water solutions, 14C-Ciodrin concentrations showed a very rapid initial decline resulting from adsorption and then continued to decline at a slower rate due to biodegradation(1). As degradation proceeded, degradation products were released into the solution and all the 14C was found in solution at the end of the experiment. In each soil system, Ciodrin degradation followed first-order kinetics and was related to the extent of initial adsorption. At pH 6.0, the degradation rate in the soil system is two orders of magnitude greater than in aqueous solution. The half-lives of Ciodrin in the soil-water systems are: Poygan silty clay loam (2.2% OC, pH 7.2), 2.00 hr (nonsterile) and 3.75 hr (sterile); Kewanunee Clay (5.8% OC, pH 6.4), 5.50 hr (nonsterile) and 6.00 hr (sterile); and Ella loamy sand (0.93% OC, pH 3.8), 71.0 hr (nonsterile) and 77.0 hr (sterile)(1). The decrease in rate in the electron-beam-sterilized soil was due to decreased Ciodrin adsorption due to the treatment, rather than from retardation of microbial degradation(1). The degradation involves an initial hydrolysis of the ester linkage leading to 3(methoxyphosphinyloxy)crotonic acid(1). The final products are dimethylphosphoric acid, cis-hydroxycrotonic acid, and 1-phenylethanol which are all water soluble(1). In laboratory studies in Chehalis clay loam, 87% of the applied ciodrin degraded in 1 day(2). The enzyme responsible for the degradation exhibits maximum activity at pH 8 and is heat labile(3).

AQUATIC FATE: If released in water, ciodrin will be lost due to hydrolysis. The hydrolysis half-lives are 540, 410 and 180 hr at pH 2.0, 6.0, and 9.0, respectively(1). Ciodrin will also adsorb moderately to sediment and particulate matter in the soil column and hydrolyze by a microbially mediated process approximately 2 orders of magnitude faster than in water(1). Ciodrin would not be expected to volatilize from water or bioconcentrate in fish(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: If released into the atmosphere during spraying, ciodrin-containing aerosols will be removed by gravitational settling. Ciodrin has a vapor pressure of 1.4X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2). In the atmosphere, Ciodrin will exist primarily as the vapor(3). Vapor-phase Ciodrin will react with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals resulting in an estimated atmospheric half-life of 4.2 hr(1).

In experiments performed on the biodegradion of Ciodrin in three soil-water solutions, 14C-Ciodrin concentrations showed a very rapid initial decline resulting from adsorption and then continued to decline at a slower rate due to biodegradation(1). As degradation proceeded, degradation products were released into the solution and all the 14C was found in solution at the end of the experiment. In each soil system, Ciodrin degradation followed first-order kinetics and was related to the extent of initial adsorption. At pH 6.0, the degradation rate in the soil system is two orders of magnitude greater than in aqueous solution. The half-lives of Ciodrin in the soil-water systems are: Poygan silty clay loam (2.2% OC, pH 7.2), 2.00 hr (nonsterile) and 3.75 hr (sterile); Kewanunee Clay (5.8% OC, pH 6.4), 5.50 hr (nonsterile) and 6.00 hr (sterile); and Ella loamy sand (0.93% OC, pH 3.8), 71.0 hr (nonsterile) and 77.0 hr (sterile)(1). The decrease in rate in the electron-beam-sterilized soil was due to decreased Ciodrin adsorption due to the treatment, rather than from retardation of microbial degradation(1). The degradation involves an initial hydrolysis of the ester linkage leading to 3(methoxyphosphinyloxy)crotonic acid(1). The final products are dimethylphosphoric acid, cis-hydroxycrotonic acid, and 1-phenylethanol which are all water soluble(1). In laboratory studies in Chehalis clay loam, 87% of the applied ciodrin degraded in 1 day(2). The enzyme responsible for the degradation exhibits maximum activity at pH 8 and is heat labile(3).

Ciodrin hydrolyzes by a base-catalyzed reaction. The hydrolysis half-lives, presumably at room temperature, are 540, 410 and 180 hr at pH 2.0, 6.0, and 9.0, respectively(1). At 38 °C, the hydrolysis half-lives are 35 hr at pH 9 and 87 hr at pH 1(2). Ciodrin has a vapor pressure of 1.4X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). In the atmosphere, Ciodrin will exist primarily as the vapor(3). There it will react with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated rate constant of 92.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-s(4). Assuming a hydroxyl radical concn of 5X10+5 radicals/cu cm, the half-life of Ciodrin in the atmosphere would be 4.2 hr(SRC).

Using an estimated log Kow of 1.89(1), one would estimate a BCF of 16 for Ciodrin using a recommended regression equation(2). This would indicate that Ciodrin would not bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms(SRC).

The mean soil water distribution coefficient of Ciodrin in 3 soils, Poygan silty clay loam (2.2% OC, pH 7.2), Kewanunee Clay (5.8% OC, pH 6.4), and Ella loamy sand (0.93% OC, pH 3.8) was 6.09(1,2). The mean Koc value for these soils was 173(1). According to a suggested classification scheme(3), a Koc value of 173 suggests moderate mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for Ciodrin estimated from its vapor pressure, 1.4X10-5 mmHg(1), and water solubility, 1000 mg/L(1), is 5.8X10-9 atm-cu-m/mol(SRC). Chemicals with such low Henry's Law constants are nonvolatile from water(2).

In a pesticide screening study of 81 varieties of domestic and imported produce (6970 samples), no residues of Ciodrin was found above the detection limit of 2.5 ppm(1).

When Ciodrin (0.03%) was sprayed on dairy cattle, the maximum residue in milk was 0.007 ppm(1). This decreased to 0.001 ppm after two days.

Exposure to Ciodrin would be occupational, especially by inhalation of aerosols or by dermal contact during application. Ciodrin is metabolized in mammals and disappears from milk within about 2 days(1). Howaever it may be ingested if milk is obtained shortly after the animal is treated(SRC).

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.