Nickel Dichloride

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled [Danger Sensitization, respiratory]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350i: May cause cancer by inhalation [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H360D ***: May damage the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

H372 **: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P233, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P391, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301+H331 (18.2%): Toxic if swallowed or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (99.6%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H331 (100%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H334 (99.6%): May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled [Danger Sensitization, respiratory]

H341 (99.8%): Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350 (64%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H350i (39.8%): May cause cancer by inhalation [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H360 (64.2%): May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

H360D (39.8%): May damage the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

H372 (99.8%): Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400 (99.8%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 455 reports by companies from 21 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P260, P264, P270, P271, P273, P284, P301+P316, P304+P340, P316, P320, P321, P330, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H360: May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P233, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P308+P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P403, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P233, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P308+P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P403, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

INHALATION: move to fresh air; get medical attention if exposure has been severe.

INGESTION: give large amount of water.

EYES: flush with plenty of water for at least 15 min.

SKIN: flush with water. (USCG, 1999)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty). Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Nickel is removed from waste water containing nickel chloride by using membrane electrodialysis with a cell thickness 0.77 mm and flow rate 1.18 ml/min.

/Precipitator is/ effective for controlling ... /nickel chloride/ discharged on the ground or into water.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Personnel protection: Keep upwind. Avoid breathing dusts and fumes from burning material. ... Avoid contact with the material.

If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. All contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for NICKEL CHLORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. For solids, prevent dust cloud and avoid inhalation of dust. (ERG, 2024)

Use ambient storage temp and open venting.

KEEP WELL CLOSED.

0.66 [mg/m3]

4.4 [mg/m3]

26 [mg/m3]

1.0 [mg/m3], as Ni

10 mg Ni/m3 ; A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024)

10.0 [mg/m3], as Ni

NIOSH considers nickel metal and other compounds (as Ni) to be a potential occupational carcinogen. /Nickel metal and other compounds (as Ni)/

0.1 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction, as Ni

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA) 0.1 mg/cu m (inhalable fraction). /Nickel, soluble inorganic compounds (NOS), as Ni/

A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Nickel, soluble inorganic compounds (NOS), as Ni/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Nickel, soluble inorganic compounds (NOS), as Ni/

Chronic Inhalation: 0.0001 mg/m3 (L134)

Intermediate Oral: 0.01 mg/kg/day (L134)

Max allowable concn (MAX) USSR 0.005 mg/cu m as Ni /Nickel salts & aerosols/

Goggles or face shield; protective gloves; Bu. Mines approved respirator; protective clothing. (USCG, 1999)

Goggles or face shield; protective gloves; Bureau of Mines approved respirator; protective clothing.

Nickel chloride appears as a brown or green colored solid. Denser than water. Contact may irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion. Used to make other chemicals.

Liquid; Large Crystals; Dry Powder

Yellow, deliquescent solid; [Merck Index] Water soluble; [ACGIH]

Yellow scales; ... golden yellow

Brown scales

Golden yellow

Sublimes @ 973 °C; deliquesces

Green, deliquescent crystals or crystal powder, monoclinic, structure reported to be trans-(NiCl2(H2O)4.2H2O, sol in about one part water, in alcohol /Hexahydrate/

Green scales, sol in water, alcohol, and ammonium hydroxide /Hexahydrate/

Soluble in ethanol and ammonium hydroxide, insoluble in ammonia

64.2 g/100 cc water @ 20 °C

87.6 g/100 cc water @ 100 °C

SOL IN ETHANOL & AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE

For more Solubility (Complete) data for NICKEL CHLORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

3.55 at 59 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

3.51 @25 °C

1 mm Hg at 671 °C (solid)

When heated to decomp it emits very toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride/.

Toxic gases and vapors (such as nickel carbonyl) may be released ... in the decomp of nickel cmpd. /Nickel & sol nickel cmpd/

Golden-yellow, sublimable in absence of air, readily absorbs NH3. /Anhydr salt/

Aq soln is acid; pH about 4. /Hexahydrate/

Heat of Solution: 8.8 Btu/lb= 4.9 cal/g= 0.21x10+5 J/kg

Heat of fusion: 142.5 cal/g

dielectric constant

crystal structure

enthalpy

electrode potential

isothermal section

molar conductivity

Gibbs energy

positional coordinate

temperature-composition section

space group

molecular structure

enthalpy change

Moessbauer effect

phase diagram

unit cell parameter

melting temperature

binding energy

Soluble in water.

Salts, Acidic

NICKEL CHLORIDE is a yellow, crystalline material, mildly toxic, carcinogenic. On contact with strong acids or acid fumes it produces highly toxic and corrosive hydrogen chloride gas. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic chloride fumes [Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 915].

... Nickel chloride is a water soluble salt. ... Respiratory absorption with secondary GI absorption of nickel (insoluble & soluble /salts/) is the major route of entry during occupational exposure. A significant quantity of inhaled material is swallowed following mucocillary clearance from the respiratory tract. Poor personal hygiene & work practices can contribute to GI exposure. Percutaneous absorption is negligible, quantitatively, but is important in the pathogenesis of contact hypersensitivity. Absorption is related to the solubility of the compound, followed the general relationships nickel carbonyl > soluble nickel compounds > insoluble nickel compounds. ... Studies in which nickel was administered via inhalation are limited. Studies on hamsters & rats ... /with/ soluble nickel chloride ... /absorption was/ rapid. ... Nickel chloride injected ip into mice & rats caused a rapid decr in body temperature. Nickel chloride given orally, or by inhalation, has been reported to decr iodine uptake by the thyroid /gland/. ... Nickel chloride affects the T-cell system & suppresses the activity of natural killer cells. Parenteral administration of nickel chloride ... has been reported to cause interuterine mortality & decr weight gain in rats & mice. ... Nickel chloride /did not/ induce tumors of the peritoneal cavity in rats after repeated administration. /Another study reported that/ ... nickel chloride which had not induced local tumors in im studies, were tested using repeated ip administration, ... elicited a carcinogenic response. ... Cases of nickel poisoning ... /have been reported/ in electroplaters who accidentally ingested water contaminated with ... nickel chloride.

Nickel is known to substitute for other essential elements in certain enzmes, such as calcineurin. It is genotoxic, and some nickel compounds have been shown to promote cell proliferation. Nickel has a high affinity for chromatin proteins, particularly histones and protamines. The complexing of nickel ions with heterochromatin results in a number of alterations including condensation, DNA hypermethylation, gene silencing, and inhibition of histone acetylation, which have been shown to disturb gene expression. Nickel has also been shown to alter several transcription factors, including hypoxia-inducible transcription factor, activating transcription factor, and NF-KB transcription factor. There is also evidence that nickel ions inhibit DNA repair, either by directly inhibiting DNA repair enzymes or competing with zinc ions for binding to zinc-finger DNA binding proteins, resulting in structural changes in DNA that prevent repair enzymes from binding. Nickel ions can also complex with a number of cellular ligands including amino acids, peptides, and proteins resulting in the generation of oxygen radicals, which induce base damage, DNA strand breaks, and DNA protein crosslinks. (L41, A40)

A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Nickel, soluble inorganic compounds (NOS), as Ni/

Evaluation: There is sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of nickel sulfate, and of the combinations of nickel sulfides and oxides encountered in the nickel refining industry. There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of metallic nickel and nickel alloys. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of metallic nickel, nickel monoxides, nickel hydroxides and crystalline nickel sulfides. There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of nickel alloys, nickelocene, nickel carbonyl, nickel salts, nickel arsenides, nickel antimonide, nickel selenides and nickel telluride. There is inadequate evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of nickel trioxide, amorphous nickel sulfide and nickel titanate. The Working Group made the overall evaluation on nickel compounds as a group on the basis of the combined results of epidemiological studies, carcinogenicity studies in experimental animals, and several types of other relevant data, supported by the underlying concept that nickel compounds can generate nickel ions at critical sites in their target cells. Overall evaluation: Nickel compounds are carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). Metallic nickel is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). /Nickel compounds/

1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

The most common harmful health effect of nickel in humans is an allergic reaction. This usually manifests as a skin rash, although some people experience asthma attacks. Long term inhahation of nickel causes chronic bronchitis and reduced lung function, as well as damage to the naval cavity. Ingestion of excess nickel results in damage to the stomach, blood, liver, kidneys, and immune system, as well as having adverse effects on reproduction and development. (L41)

Inhalation (L41) ; oral (L41) ; dermal (L41)

Symptoms of nickel poisoning include headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, irritability, and difficulty sleeping, followed by chest pains, sweating, rapid heart beat, and a dry cough. (L42)

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

Asthma - Reversible bronchoconstriction (narrowing of bronchioles) initiated by the inhalation of irritating or allergenic agents.

IARC Carcinogen - Class 1: International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies chemicals as established human carcinogens.

NTP Carcinogen - Known to be a human carcinogen.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

LD50: 105 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (L506)

LD50 4 day old chick embryo 0.20 mg/egg.

LD50 8 day yolk sac injected eggs 2.38 mg/egg.

LD50 8 day old chorioallantoic membrane injected egg 0.33 mg/egg.

LD50 rat female ip 29 mg/kg /From table./

LD50 rat female pregnant im 71 mg/kg /From table./

Excess exposure to nickel is usually handled by preventing further exposure and symptomatic treatment. Nickel poisoning may also be treated using chelation therapy with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate. (L42)

The effect of complexans (NTA; EDTA) on the toxicity of nickel chloride ... to carp (Cyprinus carpio), and the accumulation of metals in fish at lethal level concentrations was studied. The toxicity of nickel salts to carp was relatively lower ... /and/ the inhibition of nickel accumulation by the presence of complexans was recognized throughout the fish, but no significant decrease of mortality was seen.

Nickel chloride induction of /metallothionein/ in liver and kidneys /of male Fischer rats/ was inhibited by cycloheximide (2 mg/kg, ip).

Synergistic induction /of microsomal heme oxygenase activity/ was observed in liver and kidneys of rats killed after administration of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and nickel chloride (NiCl2) at all dosage combinations (diethyldithiocarbamate dosages: 0.33 to 1.33 mmol/kg, im, 17 hr before death; NiCl2 dosages: 0.125 and 0.25 mmol/kg, sc, 17 hr before death). At the highest dosages ... the dual treatments induced heme oxygenase activity 11 fold in liver and 16 fold in kidneys ... at the same dosage given /alone/ ... NiCl2 induction was 1.3 fold in liver and 6 fold in kidneys.

Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate caused a retention and redistribution of (63)nickel chloride in the tissues /and/ DL-penicillamine decreased the (63)nickel ion concn in the tissues ... of mice injected with (63)nickel chloride.

For more Interactions (Complete) data for NICKEL CHLORIDE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 t0 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . /Nickel and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors for hypotension with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Nickel and related compounds/

Nickel chloride (NiCl2) produces a dose dependent depression of proliferation and mitotic rate ... in 2 human cell lines, HeLa and diploid embryonic fibroblasts ... /Additional effects included/ ... increasing release of intracellular lactic dehydrogenase ...; /increased/ lactic acid production; /reduced/ plating efficiency, DNA synthesis, protein synthesis, RNA synthesis. ... Serum constituents, notably albumin, bind the metal effectively and inhibit cellular uptake.

Cells from the CHO-K1-Chinese hamster fibroblast line and human lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of a male subject were used to evaluate subtoxic doses of insoluble metal compounds in the sister chromatid exchange assay. While NTA did not induce sister chromatid exchange in the CHO cell line, soluble compounds of cadmium chloride, potassium dichromate, mercury chloride, and nickel chloride significantly increased sister chromatid exchange in CHO cells, establishing a clear dose effect relationship. Equimolar concentrations of NTA did not enhance sister chromatid exchange induction by metals. The NTA/metal complexes, once formed, were genetically active at extremely low concentrations. The enhancement of the genetic activity was not pH dependent. These effects were also demonstrated in the presence of sodium, magnesium and calcium ions in concentrations largely exceeding those of the genotoxic metal cationic and anionic forms.

Thirty-two workers in an electroplating plant accidentally drank water contaminated with nickel sulfate and nickel chloride (1.63 g nickel/l). Twenty workers rapidly developed symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, diarrhoea, giddiness, lassitude, headache, cough, shortness of breath) that typically lasted a few hours, but persisted for 1-2 days in 7 cases. The nickel doses in workers with symptoms were estimated to range from 0.5 to 2.5 g. In 15 exposed workers, who were investigated on day 1 after exposure, serum-nickel concentrations ranged from 12.8 to 1340 ug/l (average 286 ug/l) with urinary nickel concentrations ranging from 0.23 to 37.1 mg/l (average 5.8 mg/l) compared with control values for nickel-plating workers of 2.0-6.5 ug/l (average 4.0 ug/l) for serum nickel and 22-70 ug/l (average 50 ug/l) for urinary nickel. Laboratory tests showed transiently elevated levels of blood reticulocytes (7 workers), urine-albumin (3 workers), and serum-bilirubin (2 workers) ... .

When aqueous solutions of nickel chloride were applied to the back, the threshold concentrations for irritancy were 1% with occlusion and 10% without occlusion ... .

... NICKEL CHLORIDE IS LETHAL TO DOGS WHEN IV ADMIN IN A SINGLE DOSE OF 10-20 MG/KG, THE CARDIAC & RESPIRATORY NERVE CENTERS ARE AFFECTED; GROSS CHANGES CONSIST OF EDEMA, HEMORRHAGE, & DEGENERATION OF THE HEART MUSCLE, BRAIN, LUNG, LIVER, & KIDNEY.

... CHLORIDE OF INHALED NICKEL ... GREATLY INCREASED THE VISCOSITY OF LUNG WASHINGS /IN RATS/, @ APPROXIMATELY THE SAME EXPOSURE LEVEL (100 UG NICKEL/CU M). MOST PROMINENT EFFECT OF ... THE CHLORIDE WAS HYPERPLASIA OF THE BRONCHIOLAR & BRONCHIAL EPITHELIUM WITH PERIBRONCHIAL LYMPHOCYTIC INFILTRATION.

... NICKEL CHLORIDE, NICKEL SULFATE, & NICKEL NITRATE /WERE NOT/ ... MUTAGENIC IN A STUDY OF MUTATION IN STREPTOMYCIN DEPENDENT E COLI STRAIN ... SIMILAR NEGATIVE RESULTS WERE FOUND ON TESTING BACTERIOPHAGE T4 WITH NISO4 DURING PHAGE REPLICATION IN T4 INFESTED E COLI ...

FISCHER FEMALE RATS HAD PROTEINURIA AFTER SINGLE IP DOSE OF NICKEL CHLORIDE (34-85) MOLES/KG & ALPHA-AMINOACIDURIA AFTER IP DOSE OF 68 & 85 MOLES/KG. RETURNED TO NORMAL BY DAY 5.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for NICKEL CHLORIDE (35 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50 (Philodina acuticornus) rotifer static unmeasured 2,900 ug/l 96 hr (in water hardness of calcium carbonate 25 mg/l)

LC50 Daphnia magna (cladoceran) static unmeasured 510 ug/l 48 hr (in water hardness of calcium carbonate 45 mg/l)

LC50 Daphnia magna 0.13 mg/l 3 week. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

Reproductive impairment Daphnia magna 30-95 ug/l/64 hr. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 (Philodina acuticornus) rotifer static unmeasured 2,900 ug/l 96 hr (in water hardness of calcium carbonate 25 mg/l)

LC50 Daphnia magna (cladoceran) static unmeasured 510 ug/l 48 hr (in water hardness of calcium carbonate 45 mg/l)

LC50 Daphnia magna 0.13 mg/l 3 week. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

Reproductive impairment Daphnia magna 30-95 ug/l/64 hr. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for NICKEL CHLORIDE (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

AQUATIC FATE: Nickel chloride is water soluble and would be expected to release divalent nickel into the water.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

49 663 64; Nickel chloride