Phosphorus trichloride

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H373 **: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P319, P320, P321, P330, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 3.5% (12 of 345) of reports.

H290 (30.1%): May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]

H300+H330 (38.6%): Fatal if swallowed or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H300 (96.5%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H312 (40.6%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314 (96.5%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (39.4%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (96.5%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H373 (95.9%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P234, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P320, P321, P330, P362+P364, P363, P390, P403+P233, P405, P406, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 345 reports by companies from 14 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 12 of 345 reports by companies.

There are 13 notifications provided by 333 of 345 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P320, P321, P330, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H260: In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously [Danger Substances and mixtures which in contact with water, emit flammable gases]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P223, P231+P232, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P335+P334, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P320, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P402+P404, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

Warning: Phosphorus trichloride is a corrosive agent. Contact with eyes may result in severe damage to the cornea, conjunctiva, and blood vessels. Caution is advised.

Signs and Symptoms of Phosphorus Trichloride Exposure: Acute exposure to phosphorus trichloride may result in irritation and burning of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Light- headedness, drowsiness, slurred speech, pupillary dilation, increased salivation, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), abdominal pain, and spontaneous vomiting may occur. Stridor (high-pitched, noisy respirations), dyspnea (shortness of breath), and pulmonary edema are also common. Apathy and mental confusion may develop, with progression to coma and death.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to phosphorus trichloride may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to phosphorus trichloride.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Transport to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to phosphorus trichloride.

3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 30 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas thoroughly with water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Transport to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize!

4. Activated charcoal is of no value.

5. Give the victims water or milk: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup). Water or milk should be given only if victims are conscious and alert.

6. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

Spray cooling water on containers that are exposed to flames until well after fire is out. Do not get water inside containers.

This material will not burn. Use carbon dioxide or dry chemical on fires involving phosphorus trichloride. Do not use water. (EPA, 1998)

NO hydrous agents. NO water. In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water.

Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame - consider evacuation of one-third (1/3) mile radius.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use dry chemical, dry sand, or carbon dioxide. Do not use water on material itself. If large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantites of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

... Use water spray to knock down acid vapors.

NO hydrous agents. NO water ...

The vapor is heavier than air ... A harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

Severe health hazard. May be fatal if inhaled ... Corrosive ...

Reacts violently with fire extinguishing agents such as water ... Reacts violently with water producing heat and decomposition products including hydrochloric acid and phosphorous acid, causing fire and explosion hazard.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not put water directly on leak, spill area or inside container.

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

Small Spill

· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

HCl - when spill Phosphorus trichloride into water.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 1809 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

When spilled on land

Small spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 30 m (100 ft)

Large spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 100 m (300 ft)

When spilled in water

- ISOLATE in all directions: 60 m (200 ft)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.2 km (0.2 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 0.6 km (0.4 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 1.1 km (0.7 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 2.0 km (1.3 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.1 km (0.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 0.1 km (0.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.5 km (0.3 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 1.8 km (1.1 mi)

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in dry sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus.

Environmental considerations: water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaCO3). Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutant and precipitates. Adjust pH to neutral (pH=7).

Environmental considerations: air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Vapor knockdown water is corrosive or toxic and should be diked for containment.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]:

Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not put water directly on leak, spill area or inside container. Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2024)

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers. Dry. Well closed. Ventilation along the floor.

Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from acids, alkalies, organics, alkali metals.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

0.1 [ppm]

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

AEGLs Status: Final

0.34 [ppm]

2.0 [ppm]

5.6 [ppm]

0.2 ppm (1.5 mg/m³)

0.5 ppm (3 mg/m³)

TWA 0.2 ppm (1.5 mg/m3) ST 0.5 ppm (3 mg/m3)

0.5 [ppm]

TWA 0.5 ppm (3 mg/m3) See Appendix G

25 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

25.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Other animal data: Cats and guinea pigs exposed for 6 hours at 0.7 ppm showed only mild signs of intoxication and a 1­hour exposure at 2 to 4 ppm failed to produce severe signs of poisoning; however, a single 1­hour exposure at 50 to 90 ppm resulted in serious disturbances [Butjagin 1904]. . . . Human data: Workers exposed to concentrations ranging from 1.8 to 27 ppm had symptoms that included burning of the eyes and throat, irritation of the pharyngeal mucous membranes, and mild bronchitis within 2 to 6 hours after exposure [Sassi 1952].

See: 7719122

0.2 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.2 ppm; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 0.5 ppm.

0.2 ppm as TWA; 0.5 ppm as STEL.

0.2 ppm [1992]

0.5 ppm [1992]

0.57 mg/m

· When material is not involved in fire, do not use water on material itself.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical or CO2.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Large Fire

· Flood fire area with large quantities of water, while knocking down vapors with water fog. If insufficient water supply, responders should withdraw.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

ERPG-1: 0.5 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 1 = mild transient health effects or objectionable odor [AIHA]

ERPG-2: 3 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 2 = impaired ability to take protective action [AIHA]

Phosphorus trichloride appears as a colorless or slightly yellow fuming liquid with a pungent and irritating odor resembling that of hydrochloric acid. Causes severe burns to skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Very toxic by inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption. Reacts with water to evolve hydrochloric acid, an irritating and corrosive gas apparent as white fumes. Used during electrodeposition of metal on rubber and for making pesticides, surfactants, gasoline additives, plasticizers, dyestuffs, textile finishing agents, germicides, medicinal products, and other chemicals.

Colorless to yellow, fuming liquid with an odor like hydrochloric acid; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS OR YELLOW FUMING LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

Colorless to yellow, fuming liquid with an odor like hydrochloric acid.

Clear colorless, fuming liquid

Colorless to yellow, fuming liquid.

Smells like hydrochloric acid

169 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

76 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-170 °F (EPA, 1998)

-93.6 °C

Reacts with water (NIOSH, 2024)

Reacts with water, ethanol; soluble in benzene, chloroform, ether

Soluble in carbon tetrachloride

Solubility in water: reaction

1.574 at 69.8 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink

1.574 at 21 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.6

1.574 @25 °C

4.75 (EPA, 1998) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

4.75 (air= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.75

100 mmHg at 69.8 °F (EPA, 1998)

120.0 [mmHg]

120 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 21 °C: 13.3

100 mmHg at 69.8 °F

120 [mm Hg] @25 °C

100 mmHg

Not flammable (USCG, 1999)

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride and phosphorus oxide/.

DECOMPOSED BY WATER OR ALC.

... If involved in a fire decomposes to produce hydrogen chloride, phosphoric acid, phosphine.

0.65 cP at 0 °C; 0.438 cP at 50 °C

Corrodes most common construction materials.

30.5 kJ/mol

27.98 mN/m at 25 °C; 24.81 mN/m at 50 °C

Phosphorus trichloride ... can be detected at about 0.5 mg/cu m.

Index of refraction: 1.5122 at 21 °C

Decomposes rapidly in moist air

Fumes in air. Reacts violently with water. Hydrolysis produces dense hydrogen chloride vapors.

Phosphorus trichloride reacts vigorously with water to generate gaseous HCl. Based on a scenario where the chemical is spilled into an excess of water (at least 5 fold excess of water), half of the maximum theoretical yield of Hydrogen Chloride gas will be created in 0.14 minutes. Experimental details are in the following: "Development of the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Distances for the 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook", ANL/DIS-09-2, D.F. Brown, H.M. Hartmann, W.A. Freeman, and W.D. Haney, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, June 2009.

Acids, Strong Non-oxidizing

Reducing Agents, Strong

Water-Reactive

Air-Reactive

CSL00127

Perfluorethyllithium + Phosphorus Trichloride,Phosphorus + N-BUTYLLITHIUM + CHLOROPENTAFLUOROETHANE

Avoid temperatures below -90 C

Substitution

Several times in our laboratory, we have experienced a violent decomposition of the ethereal C2F5Cl/n-BuLi solution after the addition of just a few drops of (R)nPCl3=n. In each of these cases, the metal-halogen exchange temperature was maintained below -90 C. We believe that this problem is due to a buildup of starting reagents at low temperatures.

CSL00171

Phosphorus trichloride + Water

Hydrogen chloride gas was produced and accidentally released from the containment system

Not Available

User Reported

04/21/2022

PHOSPHORUS TRICHLORIDE is a strong reducing agent that may ignite combustible organic materials upon contact. May generate flammable and potentially explosive gaseous hydrogen upon contact with many common metals (except nickel and lead). Reactions with water are violent and produce heat and flashes of fire. Gives intensely exothermic reactions with iodine monochloride [Mellor 2, Supp. 1:502. 1956]. Several laboratory explosions have been reported arising from mixtures with acetic acid, along with other acids, sulfuric acid and derivatives, carboxylic acids, etc. These have been ascribed to poor heat control allowing the formation of phosphine [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60:488. 1938]. Ignites when mixed with hydroxylamine [Mellor 8:290. 1946-47]. Causes an explosion on contact with nitric acid [Comp. Rend. 28:86]. It is incompatible with many common oxidants such as: sodium peroxide, fluorine, chromyl chloride, iodine chloride, to name a few. Isopropanol can react with PCl3, forming toxic HCl gas. (Logsdon, John E., Richard A. Loke., Isopropyl Alcohol. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1996.)

Reacts with water to form hydrochloric acid, which reacts with most metals to form flammable hydrogen gas.

Water, chemically-active metals such as sodium & potassium, aluminum, strong nitric acid, acetic acid, organic matter [Note: Hydrolyzes in water to form hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid].

Use of free flame instead of a heating bath to distil acetyl chloride produced from acetic acid and phosphorus trichloride caused the residual phosphonic ('phosphorus') acid to decompose violently to give spontaneously flammable phosphine. Two later explosions in the same preparative system after reflux but before distillation from a water-bath may have been due to ingress of air into the cooling flask and ignition of traces of phosphine. During preparation of furoyl chloride, the excess trichloride was distilled off at atmospheric pressure, then vacuum was applied prior to intended distillation at 100 °C/100 mbar, and an explosion occurred shortly after. A similar incident occurred during conversion of propionic acid to the chloride. These incidents were attributed to thermal decomposition of the by-product phosphonic acid to give a phosphine-diphosphane mixture and leakage of air into the evacuated system to produce a spontaneously explosive mixture. Sulfinyl chloride is a safer chlorinating agent for carboxylic acids.

In the preparation of triphenylphosphine from chlorobenzene, phosphorus trichloride and sodium dispersed in toluene or xylene, the possibility of explosion is avoided by adding about 1 mol% of a lower alcohol, based on sodium usage.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for PHOSPHORUS TRICHLORIDE (25 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Water, chemically-active metals such as sodium & potassium, aluminum, strong nitric acid, acetic acid, organic matter [Note: Hydrolyzes in water to form hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid.]

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Sore throat. Cough. Burning sensation. Nausea. Vomiting. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Symptoms may be delayed.

Pain. Redness. Blisters. Skin burns.

Pain. Redness. Watering of the eyes. Severe deep burns. Loss of vision.

Burning sensation. Abdominal pain. Shock or collapse. Further see Inhalation.

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat; pulmonary edema; eye, skin burns

Eyes, skin, respiratory system

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Nephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LC50 (rat) = 104 ppm/4 hr

LD50 Rat oral 550 mg/kg

LC50 Rat inhalation 104 ppm/4 hr

LC50 Rat Inhalation 0.592 mg/L/4 hr

LC50 Rat inhalation 584 mg/cu m/4 hr

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for PHOSPHORUS TRICHLORIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Chlorine and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Chlorine and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Administer activated charcoal ... . If product was ingested, protect yourself from contact with vomitus as it may cause burns. /Phosphorus and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia (decreased LOC, tachycardia, pallor, dilated pupils, diaphoresis, and/or dextrose stick or glucometer readings below 50 mg/dl) and administer 50% dextrose if necessary. Draw blood sample before administration ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Phosphorus and related compounds/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for PHOSPHORUS TRICHLORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The signs of poisoning in 23 workers exposed to phosphorus trichloride at concentrations ranging from 1.8 to 27 ppm. Symptoms included burning eyes and throat, irritation of pharyngeal mucous membranes, and mild bronchitis; these changes occurred within 2 to 6 hours after exposure. Symptoms from subacute poisoning included irritation of the pharynx, coughing, dyspnea, and severe asthmatic bronchitis, which occurred 1 to 8 weeks after exposure. In workers who had at least 1 year exposure, emphysema was sometimes found. Both acute and subacute poisonings were frequently accompanied by fever and moderate leukocytosis and neutrophilia.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... The corrosive effect /of phosphorus trichloride/ is complete destruction of skin or mucous membrane. /From table/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ In a report of 17 persons exposed to phosphorus trichloride and its hydration products, those closest to the spill experienced burning eyes, lacrimation, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, and cough. Pulmonary function tests showed decrements in vital capacity, maximal breathing capacity, and forced expiratory volume in direct correlation to the distance from the accident.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Phosphorus trichloride will cause severe burns upon direct dermal contact.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PHOSPHORUS TRICHLORIDE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ /In/ rabbits /on contact of phosphorus trichloride caused/ thickening in skin folds, bleeding /and/ irreversible necrosis in the eye, causing loss of vision.[European Chemicals Bureau; IUCLID Dataset, Phosphorus trichloride (7719-12-2) (2000 CD-ROM edition). Available from, as of November 03, 2006: http://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/]

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Cats and rabbits /were exposed to phosphorus trichloride by/ inhalation. At 0.004 mg/L for 6 hr minor symptoms /were seen/. With 0.01 to 0.02 mg/L no serious symptoms within 1 hr, 0.3 to 0.5 mg/L serious destructions within the first hour /were seen/. With 0.8 mg/L mortality /occurred/ within 5 to 36 hr, with 3.5 mg/L within 3 hr. Effects /included/ salivation, rhinitis, dyspnea, conjunctivitis, corneal opacities, edema of the respiratory tract.[European Chemicals Bureau; IUCLID Dataset, Phosphorus trichloride (7719-12-2) (2000 CD-ROM edition). Available from, as of November 03, 2006: http://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/]

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... Working with cats & guinea pigs /investigators/ found that a concentration of 0.7 ppm produced only slight illness in 6 hr. 2 to 4 ppm did not produce severe symptoms in 1 hr, but serious disturbances resulted from 1 hr at 50 to 90 ppm. Effects of phosphorous trichloride were considered 5 to 10 times as intense as would result from hydrogen chloride produced by hydrolysis.[American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of the TLV's and BEI's with Other World Wide Occupational Exposure Values. CD-ROM Cincinnati, OH 45240-1634 2005., p. 1]

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Expt in cats concn of 2 to 4 ppm in air in course of 6 hr has caused resp difficulty and conjunctivitis. At 23 to 90 ppm in air in course of 6 hr corneas became clouded and systemic effects were severe.[Grant, W.M. Toxicology of the Eye. 3rd ed. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1986., p. 736]

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PHOSPHORUS TRICHLORIDE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

... People with pre-existing respiratory disease /should/ not work with respiratory irritants such as phosphorus trichloride ...

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ LC100s /of phosphorus trichloride are/ 57 mg/L/7 days /for/ sturgeon /and/ 65 mg/L/48 hr /for/ sturgeon (Acipenser), carp (Cyprinus carpio), perch (Percidae), Esox lucius (northern pike), and Leuciscus leuciscus (dace). NOEC /at/ pH 3.3 to 7.0 /and/ 22 to 24 °C /is/ 10 to 40 mg/L/30 days /for/ sturgeon, carp, perch, Esox lucius and Leuciscus leuciscus.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Aquatic toxicity range: 10 to 100 mg/L.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ LC100s /of phosphorus trichloride are/ 57 mg/L/7 days /for/ sturgeon /and/ 65 mg/L/48 hr /for/ sturgeon (Acipenser), carp (Cyprinus carpio), perch (Percidae), Esox lucius (northern pike), and Leuciscus leuciscus (dace). NOEC /at/ pH 3.3 to 7.0 /and/ 22 to 24 °C /is/ 10 to 40 mg/L/30 days /for/ sturgeon, carp, perch, Esox lucius and Leuciscus leuciscus.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Aquatic toxicity range: 10 to 100 mg/L.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Spillage should be handled only by an operator wearing full protective clothing and full-face mask/positive-pressure breathing apparatus. Absorbed spillage and residues should be buried in an approved landfill, away from water sources.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY.

Table: Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Phosphorus trichloride (when spilled on land) ID: 1809 [Table#2750]

Table: Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Phosphorus trichloride (when spilled in water) ID: 1809 [Table#2751]

Table of Water-Reactive Materials Which Produce Toxic Gases.

Table: Materials Which Produce Large Amounts of Toxic-by-Inhalation (TIH) Gas(es) When Spilled in Water [Table#2752]

/GUIDE 137 SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE - CORROSIVE/ Fire or Explosion: EXCEPT FOR ACETIC ANHYDRIDE (UN1715), THAT IS FLAMMABLE, some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily. May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Substance will react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases and runoff. Flammable/toxic gases may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water. Substance may be transported in a molten form.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for PHOSPHORUS TRICHLORIDE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1809; Phosphorus chloride

IMO 8.0; Phosphorus chloride

49 323 59; Phosphorus trichloride

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Phosphorus trichloride is included on the dangerous goods list.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Phosphorus trichloride is included on the dangerous goods list.

Poison Inhalation Hazard Corrosive

Airtight. Unbreakable packaging. Put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T+, C; R: 14-26/28-35-48/20; S: (1/2)-7/8-26-36/37/39-45

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Subsidiary Risks: 8; UN Pack Group: I