Potassium Permanganate

H272: May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H361d: Suspected of damaging the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P220, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P318, P330, P370+P378, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 7.8% (37 of 472) of reports.

H272 (91.7%): May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

H302 (90.9%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H314 (48.5%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (30.9%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H361d (28.8%): Suspected of damaging the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H373 (33.7%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400 (91.3%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (91.7%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P220, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 472 reports by companies from 34 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 37 of 472 reports by companies.

There are 33 notifications provided by 435 of 472 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P220, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P203, P210, P220, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. If within a few minutes after ingestion, one small glass of water may be given to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention.

INGESTION: induce vomiting and follow with thorough gastric lavage, demulcents, glucose I.V., fluid therapy, and antibiotics. Tracheostomy may be lifesaving. (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

SMALL FIRE: Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.

LARGE FIRE: Flood fire area with water from a distance. Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: For ammonium nitrate products: Do not fight cargo fire. Withdraw, evacuate and isolate area for at least 1600 meters (1 mile). Treat as an explosive (ERG Guide 112). Do not enter area for 24 hours or until expert advice has been provided. Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Flood with water. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable - consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius.

The material itself is noncombustible but it will accelerate the burning of combustible material. If the combustible material is finely divided the mixture may be explosive. Contact with liquid combustible materials may result in spontaneous ignition.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Do not get water inside containers.

Small Dry Spill

· With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.

Small Liquid Spill

· Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. If ammonium nitrate products are in a tank, rail car or truck and involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, initiate evacuation including emergency responders for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

· If ammonium nitrate products are in a tank, rail car or truck and involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, initiate evacuation including emergency responders for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents.

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. Add sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3).

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Add dilute caustic soda (NaOH). Add sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3). Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

WHEN USING WITH STRONG ACIDS TO DESTROY ORGANIC MATTER, PERFORM REACTION BEHIND SAFETY BARRIER. /PERMANGANATES/

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers.

Personnel protection: ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may be contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. ...

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not get water inside containers.

SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.

SMALL LIQUID SPILL: Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from combustible substances, reducing agents and powdered metals. Well closed. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

0.2 [mg/m3], as MN (inhalable fraction), 0.02 mg/m3, as Mn (respirable fraction)[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

0.12 [mg/m3]

1.3 [mg/m3]

63 [mg/m3]

500 mg/cu m /Manganese compounds and fume (as Mn)/

0.02 [mg/m3], as Mn (respirable fraction), 0.1 mg/m3, as Mn (inhalable fraction)

8 hr Time Weighted Avg: 0.2 mg/cu m /Manganese and inorganic compounds, as Mn/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Manganese and inorganic cmpd, as Mn/

(as Mn, respirable fraction): 0.02 mg/m

(as Mn, inhalable fraction): 0.2 mg/m

Chronic Inhalation: 0.0003 mg/m3 (L134)

Small Fire

· Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.

Large Fire

· Flood fire area with water from a distance.

· Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· For ammonium nitrate products: Do not fight cargo fire. Withdraw, evacuate and isolate area for at least 1600 meters (1 mile). Treat as an explosive (GUIDE 112). Do not enter area for 24 hours or until expert advice has been provided.

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation of dust may cause lung oedema, but only after initial corrosive effects on eyes and/or airways have become manifest. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

The substance may have effects on the lungs. This may result in bronchitis and pneumonia. Animal tests show that this substance possibly causes toxicity to human reproduction or development.

Goggles or face shield; rubber gloves. (USCG, 1999)

GOGGLES OR FACE SHIELD; RUBBER GLOVES.

NO contact with combustible substances.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! STRICT HYGIENE! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Avoid inhalation of dust. Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Potassium permanganate appears as a purplish colored crystalline solid. Noncombustible but accelerates the burning of combustible material. If the combustible material is finely divided the mixture may be explosive. Contact with liquid combustible materials may result in spontaneous ignition. Contact with sulfuric acid may cause fire or explosion. Used to make other chemicals and as a disinfectant.

CBI; Dry Powder

Purple odorless crystals; [HSDB]

DARK PURPLE CRYSTALS.

Dark purple or bronze-like crystals; Almost opaque by transmitted light and of a blue metallic luster by reflected air.

Purple orthorhombic crystals

Bipyrimidal rhombic prisms

Odorless

Sweet with astringent aftertaste

greater than 464 °F (USCG, 1999)

Decomposes

Soluble in many organic solvents; also by concentrated acids with the liberation of oxygen.

Soluble in acetone and methanol

Soluble in acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, acetic anhydride, pyridine, benzonitrile, sulfolane.

In water, 6.40X10+4 mg/l @ 20 °C

25 g/100 @ 65 °C water

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 6.4 (moderate)

2.7 at 59 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

2.7 g/cu cm

2.7 g/cm³

2.7 @25 °C

Vapor pressure at 20 °C: negligible

1.73 (calculated)

STABLE IN AIR AND LIGHT; SOLN ARE UNSTABLE

Not flammable (USCG, 1999)

DECOMP AT ABOUT 240 °C WITH EVOLUTION OF OXYGEN; DECOMP BY ALCOHOL & MANY OTHER ORG SOLVENTS, ALSO BY CONCN ACIDS WITH LIBERATION OF OXYGEN; WITH HYDROCHLORIC ACID, CHLORINE LIBERATED; READILY DECOMP BY MANY REDUCING SUBSTANCES, SUCH AS FERROUS SALTS, IODIDES, OXALATES, ETC, ESP IN PRESENCE OF AN ACID

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.59

POWERFUL OXIDIZING AGENT

Stable in air; decomposes at approx 240 °C with evolution of oxygen; with hydrochloric acid, chlorine is liberated; readily decomposed by many reducing substances, such as ferrous salts, iodides, oxalates, etc., especially in the presence of an acid.

Decomposed by alcohol

Solutions are faint pink to deep violet; permanganate solutions are most stable in the neutral or near-neutral pH region; acidic or alkaline solution decompose with the loss of oxygen; when dry potassium permanganate is heated to 200-300 °C, an exothermic, autocatalytic decomposition takes place with the evolution of oxygen; contact with combustibles especially water-soluble organic substances(such as polyhydroxyl compounds), can lead to spontaneous ignition and potentially violent combustion.

crystal structure

enthalpy

molar conductivity

positional coordinate

space group

unit cell parameter

heat capacity

displacement parameter

transport data

Soluble in water.

Oxidizing Agents, Strong

Strong Oxidizing Agent

CSL00026

2-BROMO-5-METHYLPYRIDINE + POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE

Immiscible reagents mixing at 80oC caused a violent reaction

Gas Under Pressure,Sensitizer

HeteroAryl Methyl

M (up to 100g)

oxidation

User-Reported

CSL00074

N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE + POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE

explosive

Explosive

CSL00098

Decolorizing carbon + POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE

Potentially explosive

POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE is a very powerful oxidizing agent, particularly in acidic surroundings. Reacts with incandescence with aluminum carbide [Mellor 5:872. 1946-47]. Grinding with antimony or arsenic causes ignition of the metals [Mellor 12:322. 1946-47]. Mixtures with acetic acid or acetic anhydride may explode if not kept cold [Von Schwartz 1918. p. 34]. Explosions can occur when acidified solutions come in contact with benzene, carbon disulfide, diethyl ether, ethyl alcohol, petroleum, or organic matter. Contact with glycerol may produce an explosion [Pieters 1957. p. 30]. Contact with concentrated hydrogen peroxide solution can produce an explosion [Haz. Chem. Data 1973. p. 230]. Contact with solid hydroxylamine produces an immediate white flame [Mellor 8:294. 1946-47]. Transport through a polypropylene tube ignited the tube [MCA Case History 1842. 1972]. Mixing with concentrated sulfuric acid in a vessel containing moisture caused an explosion (due to formation of manganese heptoxide) [Delhez 1967].

CAUTION: TAKE GREAT CARE IN HANDLING AS EXPLOSIONS MAY OCCUR IF IT IS BROUGHT INTO CONTACT WITH ORG OR OTHER READILY OXIDIZABLE SUBSTANCES, EITHER IN SOLN OR IN DRY STATE.

CONTACT ... /WITH GLYCEROL/ MAY PRODUCE EXPLOSION.

CRYSTALS OF POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE EXPLODE VIGOROUSLY WHEN GROUND WITH PHOSPHORUS.

Methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, pentanol, or isopentanol do not ignite immediately upon mixing with red fuming nitric acid, but addition of potassium permanganate (20%) to the acid before mixing causes immediate ignition.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE (20 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Manganese is a cellular toxicant that can impair transport systems, enzyme activities, and receptor functions. It primarily targets the central nervous system, particularily the globus pallidus of the basal ganglia. It is believed that the manganese ion, Mn(II), enhances the autoxidation or turnover of various intracellular catecholamines, leading to increased production of free radicals, reactive oxygen species, and other cytotoxic metabolites, along with a depletion of cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms, leading to oxidative damage and selective destruction of dopaminergic neurons. In addition to dopamine, manganese is thought to perturbations other neurotransmitters, such as GABA and glutamate. In order to produce oxidative damage, manganese must first overwhelm the antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase. The neurotoxicity of Mn(II) has also been linked to its ability to substitute for Ca(II) under physiological conditions. It can enter mitochondria via the calcium uniporter and inhibit mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. It may also inhibit the efflux of Ca(II), which can result in a loss of mitochondrial membrane integrity. Mn(II) has been shown to inhibit mitochondrial aconitase activity to a significant level, altering amino acid metabolism and cellular iron homeostasis. (L228)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Manganese mainly affects the nervous system and may cause behavioral changes and other nervous system effects, which include movements that may become slow and clumsy. This combination of symptoms when sufficiently severe is referred to as “manganism”. (L228)

Serious local effects by all routes of exposure.

Oral (L228) ; inhalation (L228)

Burning sensation. Cough. Sore throat. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Symptoms may be delayed.

Redness. Skin burns. Pain.

Redness. Pain. Severe burns.

Burning sensation. Abdominal pain. Diarrhoea. Nausea. Vomiting. Shock or collapse.

Neurotoxin - Parkinsonism

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LD50: 750 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (L326)

LD50: 500 mg/kg (Subcutaneous, Mouse) (T53)

LD50 Guinea pig oral 810 mg/kg.

LD100 Mouse subcutaneous 500 mg/kg /From table/

LD50 Mouse oral 750 mg/kg /From table/

LD50 Rat oral 750 mg/kg /From table/

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

IN STUDIES OF RETINOTOXIC EFFECTS OF FLUORIDE IN ANIMALS, POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE HAS BEEN UTILIZED SYSTEMICALLY AS OXIDIZING AGENT TO ENHANCE TOXICITY.

4-Deoxypyridoxine (4-DPD) is a potent antagonist of Vitamin B6 coenzyme which inhibits IL-1, lymphocyte proliferation & has demonstrated that tolerance to skin grafts can be induced by administering splenic cells to pyridoxine-deficient mice. Chronic inflammation induced by dorsal injections of 200 microliters of a 1:40 saturated crystal soln of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) in mice treated or untreated with 4-DPD (400 micrograms/dose), has been investigated. After 7 days all mice developed a subcutaneous granulomatous tissue indicative of a chronic inflammatory response, at the site of injection. KMnO4-treated mice injected ip with 4-DPD (400 micrograms/dose) on 5 consecutive days (the first at the same time of induction of the granuloma) show a significant decr in size & weight of granuloma when compared to mice not treated with 4-DPD (Controls). In addition, in all mice treated with 4-DPD there was a strong inhibition of TNF alpha in serum (P < 0.01) & in supernatant fluids (P < 0.05) from minced granuloma, while IL-6 was inhibited in the supernatant fluids (P < 0.05) of minced granulomas but was not detected in the serum of treated & untreated mice. In this study we show for the first time the antiinflammatory effect of 4-DPD on chronic inflammation & the inhibitory effect of TNF & IL-6 generation in supernatant fluids from minced granulomas.

FOLLOWING INGESTION OF TABLETS, GASTRIC LAVAGE & SUPERVISION ON SURGICAL UNIT IS PROPOSED. OPERATION SHOULD BE CONSERVATIVE IF DIGESTIVE PERFORATION IS PRESENT, ALTHOUGH IT IS EXTREMELY RARE.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . /Manganese and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in severe respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors for hypotension with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Manganese and related compounds/

A. ACUTE POISONING: 1. INGESTION OF SOLID OR CONCN POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE CAUSES BROWN DISCOLORATION & EDEMA OF MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF MOUTH & PHARYNX; COUGH, LARYNGEAL EDEMA, & STRIDOR; NECROSIS OF ORAL & PHARYNGEAL MUCOSA; SLOW PULSE; & SHOCK WITH FALL OF BLOOD PRESSURE. IF DEATH IS NOT IMMEDIATE, JAUNDICE & OLIGURIA OR ANURIA MAY APPEAR. 2. APPLICATION OF SOLID OR CONCN POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE SOLN TO MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF VAGINA OR URETHRA CAUSES SEVERE BURNING, HEMORRHAGES, & VASCULAR COLLAPSE. PERFORATION OF VAGINAL WALL MAY OCCUR, RESULTING IN PERITONITIS WITH FEVER & ABDOMINAL PAIN. EXAM REVEALS CHEMICAL BURNS WHICH ARE STAINED BROWN.

A CASE OF PYLORIC STENOSIS FOLLOWING INGESTION OF POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE WAS DESCRIBED. THIS IS A RARE CAUSE OF PYLORIC STENOSIS.

GASTRIC LESIONS WERE CAUSED BY INGESTION OF POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE IN ADULT FEMALE.

TWO PATIENTS INGESTED POWDER CONSISTING OF MIXT OF SOOT & POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE. BOTH WERE COMATOSE & EXPERIENCED DEEP CYANOSIS BUT RESPONDED WELL TO OXYGEN, METHYLENE BLUE, & VIT C.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

MUTAGENICITY: MUTATION RESEARCH 87: 211 (1981). DNA REPAIR DEFICIENT BACTERIAL TESTS: NEGATIVE.

EXPERIMENTALLY IN RABBITS, IRRIGATION OF CORNEA WITH 0.003 MOLAR SOLN POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE HAS BEEN FOUND TO CAUSE NO INJURY, BUT INJECTION OF 0.08 MOLAR SOLN INTO CORNEA CAUSED MODERATELY SEVERE REACTION, GRADED 60 ON SCALE OF 0 TO 100.

... STRONG SOLN AND CRYSTALS OF POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE IN CONTACT WITH EYE HAVE CAUSED SEVERE DAMAGE. ... IN AREA OF CONTACT A ... LESION HAS DEVELOPED, COLORED DARK BROWN BY MANGANESE OXIDE FORMED ... SWELLING OF LIDS & CONJUNCTIVAE, AND ... SUBCONJUNCTIVAL HEMORRHAGES. WITH PROLONGED CONTACT TURBIDITY & ... DISCOLORATION OF CORNEA ... RECOVERY USUALLY /IS/ ... SPONTANEOUS ... BUT IN ONE INSTANCE TOTAL LEUKOMA /DENSE WHITE OPACITY OF CORNEA/ IS REPORTED FOLLOWING APPLICATION OF STRONG SOLN OF POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE.

POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE INJECTED SC IN HIGH DOSES INTO MALE MICE CAUSED DAMAGE & CALCIFICATION OF PANNICULUS CARNOSUS MUSCLE.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50 CARASSIUS AURATUS (GOLDFISH) 3.6 MG/L/96 HR /CONDITIONS OF BIOASSAY NOT SPECIFIED/

LC50 ICTALURUS PUNCTATUS (CHANNEL CATFISH) 0.75 MG/L/96 HR /CONDITIONS OF BIOASSAY NOT SPECIFIED/

LD50 Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill sunfish) 2.7-3.6 mg/l /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms.

LC50 CARASSIUS AURATUS (GOLDFISH) 3.6 MG/L/96 HR /CONDITIONS OF BIOASSAY NOT SPECIFIED/

LC50 ICTALURUS PUNCTATUS (CHANNEL CATFISH) 0.75 MG/L/96 HR /CONDITIONS OF BIOASSAY NOT SPECIFIED/

LD50 Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill sunfish) 2.7-3.6 mg/l /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms.

WORKERS EXPERIENCED RESP IRRITATION FROM POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE & COPPER SULFATE MIST IN AIR BUT AMT UNDER PREVAILING CONDITIONS WERE NOT FOUND TOXIC.

Major routes of exposure: Dermal and oral.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Fire or Explosion: These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Health: Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1490; Potassium permanganate

IMO 5.1; Potassium permanganate

49 187 40; Potassium permanganate

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Oxidizer

Marine pollutant.

Symbol: O, Xn, N; R: 8-22-50/53; S: (2)-60-61

UN Hazard Class: 5.1; UN Pack Group: II