Sodium Chromate

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H312: Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled [Danger Sensitization, respiratory]

H340: May cause genetic defects [Danger Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H360FD: May damage fertility; May damage the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

H372 **: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P233, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P363, P391, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H312 (100%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (100%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318 (17.6%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (100%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H334 (100%): May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled [Danger Sensitization, respiratory]

H340 (99.5%): May cause genetic defects [Danger Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350 (100%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H360 (86.9%): May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

H360FD (13.1%): May damage fertility; May damage the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

H372 (100%): Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P233, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P363, P391, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 819 reports by companies from 14 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

P203, P273, P280, P318, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H360: May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

P203, P280, P318, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P233, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P363, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

INHALATION: remove victim to fresh air; get medical attention.

INGESTION: get immediate medical help; if vomiting is not spontaneous, give an emetic such as soapy water followed by copious water intake.

EYES: immediately flush with plenty of water for at least 15 min.; consult physician promptly.

SKIN: immediately flush with plenty of water for at least 15 min.; persistent dermatitis should be referred to a physician; wash contaminated skin or clothing until chromate color disappears. (USCG, 1999)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

SMALL FIRE: Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.

LARGE FIRE: Flood fire area with water from a distance. Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: For ammonium nitrate products: Do not fight cargo fire. Withdraw, evacuate and isolate area for at least 1600 meters (1 mile). Treat as an explosive (ERG Guide 112). Do not enter area for 24 hours or until expert advice has been provided. Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.)

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) /Sodium chromate (Environmentally hazardous substances, liquid, N.O.S.); Sodium chromate (Environmentally hazardous substances, solid, N.O.S.); Sodium chromate (Toxic solids, organic, N.O.S.); Sodium chromate (Toxic liquid, inorganic, N.O.S.); Sodium chromate (toxic solid, inorganic, N.O.S.)/

For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for SODIUM CHROMATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. If ammonium nitrate products are in a tank, rail car or truck and involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, initiate evacuation including emergency responders for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust; Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided; Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Land Spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. /Sodium chromate soln/

Environmental considerations: Land Spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. /Sodium chromate (Environmentally hazardous substances, solid, N.O.S.); Sodium chromate (Toxic liquid, inorganic, N.O.S.); Sodium chromate (Toxic solid, inorganic, N.O.S.)/

Environmental considerations: Land Spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. /Sodium chromate (Environmentally hazardous substances, liquid, N.O.S.)/

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for SODIUM CHROMATE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D007, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. /Chromium/

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Dissolved or soluble chromium cmpd in which the chromium is more than trivalent, thus chromate waste above all, must be reduced chemically and precipitated as chromium (III) hydroxide. The precipitated sludges must be compacted by partial dewatering to enable disposal and prevent degradation of waters and ground water. Normal standards for the introduction of electroplating waste water into the sewerage system tolerate a maximum of 2 mg of chromium per l of waste water, dissolved or undissolved. Where no central detoxification, neutralization, and sludge dewatering systems are available, these waste water treatment measures must be taken in the plants. To this end, chromate-containing wastes, baths, eluates, and semiconcentrates must be collected separately. Reduction to trivalent chromium is usually accomplished with the aid of sodium bisulfate in sulfuric acid soln (pH 2-3). Under certain circumstances, agents such as sulfur dioxide from waste gases or sulfite-containing liquids obtained from the scrubbing of waste gas, iron filings, brass or aluminum chips can be profitably used for reduction. The subsequent precipitation of the chromium is accomplished by alkalizing to pH 8-9; waste alkali soln or alkaline treated waste water, for example from cyanide detoxification, can be used here. The sludge is usually dewatered through a process of sedimentation in settling basins, decanting and pressing the thin sludge in chamber filter presses, insofar as it cannot be recycled. Depending on local conditions, the compacted sludge (residual water content 60-70%) is disposed of in SRP:/hazardous waste landfill/. Recommendable methods: Reduction, solidification, & landfill. Not recommendable methods: Discharge to sewer & thermal destruction. Peer-review: The filtrate should be diluted and discharged to sewer. Chromium containing sludges cannot be disposed of in incinerators, as the trivalent chromium is reoxidized to hexavalent chromium in the heat. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for SODIUM CHROMATE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust; Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Further processing of solid materials may result in the formation of combustible dusts. The potential for combustible dust formation should be taken into consideration before additional processing occurs. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.

Appropriate engineering controls: Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for SODIUM CHROMATE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not get water inside containers.

SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.

SMALL LIQUID SPILL: Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. For solids, prevent dust cloud and avoid inhalation of dust. (ERG, 2024)

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from combustible substances, reducing agents and food and feedstuffs. Dry. Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Hygroscopic. Storage class (TRGS 510): Non-combustible, acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2 / very toxic hazardous materials.

Store away from combustibles; avoid high temp /Sodium cmpd/

Store in a secure poison location. ... Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from combustibles, organics, or other easily oxidized materials. Where possible, automatically transfer materials from drums or other storage containers to process containers. A regulated, marked area should be established where this chemical is handled, used, or stored in compliance with OSHA Standard 1910.1045.

0.015 [mg/m3]

0.31 [mg/m3]

1.5 [mg/m3]

0.005 [mg/m3], as Cr(VI)

15 mg Cr(VI)/m3 ; A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024)

250 mg/cu m (as Cr(II)). /Chromium(II) compounds (as Cr)/

25 mg/cu m (as Cr(III)). /Chromium(III) compounds (as Cr)/

15 mg/cu m (as Cr(VI)). /Chromic acid and chromates/

NIOSH considers chromic acid and chromates to be potential occupational carcinogens. /Chromic acid and chromates/

0.0001 [mg/m3], as Cr(VI), inhalable particulate matter

0.0005 [mg/m3], as Cr(VI), inhalable particulate matter

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.5 mg/cu m. /Chromium and Cr(III) inorganic compounds, as Cr/

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Chromium and Cr(III) inorganic compounds, as Cr/

Peak Exposure Recommendation: Transient increases in workers' exposure levels may exceed 3 times the value of the TLV-TWA level for no more than 15 minutes at a time, on no more than 4 occasions spaced 1 hour apart during a workday, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the value of the TLV-TWA level. In addition, the 8-hour TWA is not to be exceeded for an 8-hour work period. /Chromium and Cr(III) inorganic compounds, as Cr/

8 Hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.05 mg/cu m. /Water-soluble Cr(VI) inorganic compounds, as Cr/

For more Threshold Limit Values (TLV) (Complete) data for SODIUM CHROMATE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

(as Cr(VI), inhalable fraction): 0.0002 mg/m

(as Cr): 0.005 mg/m

(inhalable fraction): skin absorption (H); sensitization of skin (SH); carcinogen category: 1; germ cell mutagen group: 2

Intermediate Oral: 0.005 mg/kg/day (L134)

Chronic Oral: 0.001 mg/kg/day (L134)

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. The substance may cause effects on the kidneys and liver. This may result in tissue lesions.

Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. Repeated or prolonged inhalation may cause asthma. Repeated or prolonged inhalation may cause nasal ulceration. This may result in perforation of the nasal septum. The substance may have effects on the kidneys. This may result in kidney impairment. This substance is carcinogenic to humans. Animal tests show that this substance possibly causes toxicity to human reproduction or development.

U.S. Bu. Mines approved respirator; rubber gloves; chemical safety goggles; rubber apron and sleeves, face shield, rubber shoes, protective clothing. (USCG, 1999)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Eye/face protection: Face shield and safety glasses. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face particle respirator type N100 (US) or type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for SODIUM CHROMATE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

NO contact with combustible substances.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use closed system or ventilation.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

Sodium chromate appears as a yellow crystalline solid. Used to make pigments for paints and inks, other chemicals, and as a wood preservative.

Sodium chromate is a yellow crystalline solid dissolved in a liquid medium, probably water. It is soluble in water. It is toxic by inhalation, ingestion and/or skin contact. It is noncombustible. It is used to make pigments for paints and inks, other chemicals, and as a wood preservative.

Yellow hygroscopic solid; Soluble in water; [ICSC] Yellow crystals; [MSDSonline] Hygroscopic--forms several hydrates; [Ullmann]

YELLOW HYGROSCOPIC CRYSTALS.

Yellow orthorhombic crystals

Odorless

Bitter metallic taste

87.6 g/100 g water at 25 °C

In water, 44.3 wt% at 20 °C

873 g/L water at 30 °C

3.44 g/L methanol at 25 °C

Slightly soluble in ethanol

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 53 (good)

2.723 at 77 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

2.723 at 25 °C/4 °C

2.7 g/cm³

2.72 @25 °C

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /sodium oxide/.

Corrosive because of oxidizing potency. /Chromate salts/

Aqueous solution is alkaline

Hygroscopic, forms tetra-, hexa- or decahydrates. Deliquescent in moist air

Heat of solution: -24.5 Btu/lb = -13.6 cal/g = -0.75X10+5 J/kg

In water, 48.8 wt% at 40 °C; 53.5 wt% at 60 °C; 55.8 wt% at 80 °C; 56.1 wt% at 100 °C

The substance is a strong oxidant and reacts with combustible and reducing materials.

For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for SODIUM CHROMATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Yellow, translucent efflorescent crystals; density: 1.483; melting point: 19.92 °C /Sodium chromate decahydrate/

Metals -> Chromium Compounds, Inorganic

Carcinogens

FCS -> FDA Inventory of Food Contact Substances Listed in 21 CFR

Water soluble.

Salts, Basic

Oxidizing Agents, Strong

Water and Aqueous Solutions

Strong Oxidizing Agent

SODIUM CHROMATE is a strong oxidizing agent. Incompatible with strong acids. (NTP, 1992). Contact with combustible materials may lead to fires. Toxic chromium oxide fumes may form in fire (USCG, 1999).

SODIUM CHROMATE is a strong oxidizer. This chemical absorbs moisture from the atmosphere. Incompatible with strong acids (NTP, 1992). In contact with combustible materials may cause fire. Toxic chromium oxide fumes may form in fire (USCG, 1999).

Incompatible materials: Strong reducing agents

A powerful oxidizer.

Aqueous solution in a base. A strong oxidizer. Violent reaction with reducing agents, combustibles, strong acids, organic materials.

Combustible, organic, or other readily oxidizable materials (paper, wood, sulfur, aluminum, plastics, etc.); corrosive to metals. /Chromic acid and chromates/

Hydrazine is decomposed explosively by chromates and chromic anhydride. /Chromates/

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Sodium chromate forms yellow orthorhombic crystals. It is used in inks, dyeing, paint pigment, leather tanning, other chromates, and protection of iron against corrosion. (51)Chromium, as sodium chromate ((51)Cr), is used to label red blood cells so that red cell survival and red cell volume can be measured. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Eye contact can cause severe damage with possible loss of vision. A 51-year-old man committed suicide by ingesting a fatal dose of sodium chromate solution. He unexpectedly lost consciousness 6 hrs after the ingestion and died approximately 20.5 hrs later. The patient's death was assumed to have been caused by circulatory collapse due to internal bleeding and the direct toxicity of chromate compounds with hepatic malfunction and possibly disseminated intravascular coagulation. None of the results showed statistically significant differences that would suggest an excess risk for malignant neoplasms, particularly lung cancer, among workers engaged in the manufacture of chromate pigment in Japan. When tested in cultured human bronchial epithelial cells, it was found that 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 uM sodium chromate induced 66, 35, 0 and 0% relative survival, respectively. The amount of chromosome damage increased with concentration after 24 hr exposure to sodium chromate. Specifically, 1, 2.5 and 5 microM damaged 25, 34 and 41% of metaphase cells with the total amount of damage reaching 33, 59 and 70 aberrations per 100 metaphases, respectively. Ten micromolar sodium chromate induced profound cell cycle delay and no metaphases were found. In other experiment, cells exposed to 1 microM sodium chromate for 24, 48 and 72 hr induced 23, 13 and 17% damaged metaphases, respectively. ANIMAL STUDIES: Rats treated ip with sodium chromate(VI) at 2 mg/kg chromium 3 times per week for up to 60 days developed liver damage. In a study examining the effects of chromium(VI) on motor activity, no effects were noted in six rats provided with drinking water containing sodium chromate at 0.07 g/L chromium(VI). A significant decrease in motor activity was noted 7 days after six rats were provided with drinking water containing sodium chromate at 0.7 g/L chromium(VI) (p< 0.02), and 1 day after six rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of sodium chromate at 2 mg/kg body weight chromium(VI) (p< 0.01). Sodium chromate gave positive results in Escherichia coli WP2 reverse mutation test. Sodium chromate gave positive (significant increases in chromatid breaks and fragments) results in cytogenetics testing in cultured Chinese hamster CHO cells at doses of 5 to 10x10-6 molar. Treatment of chick embryo hepatocytes with sodium chromate resulted in the rapid uptake of chromate and the induction of DNA lesions in a time and concn dependent manner. DNA interstrand cross links, strand breaks and DNA-protein cross links were observed after treatment of hepatocytes with chromate concn which did not affect cell viability. Treatment of Chinese hamster ovary cells with 150 and 300 uM sodium chromate (Na2CrO4) for 2 hr decreased colony-forming efficiency by 46 and 92%, respectively. These treatments induced dose-dependent internucleosomal fragmentation of cellular DNA beyond 24 hr after chromate treatment. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: When tested in hawksbill sea turtle cells, concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5uM sodium chromate induced 84, 69, 46, 25, and 3% relative survival, respectively. Sodium chromate induced 3, 9, 9, 14, 21, and 29% of metaphases with damage, and caused 3, 10, 10, 16, 26, and 39 damaged chromosomes in 100 metaphases at concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5uM sodium chromate, respectively. In medaka cells, concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 uM sodium chromate damaged 17, 32 and 43% of metaphases, respectively and these same concentrations 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 uM sodium chromate damaged 14, 24 and 49% of metaphases, respectively, in North Atlantic right whale lung cells and 11, 32 and 41% of metaphases, respectively, in North Atlantic right whale testes cells.

Hexavalent chromium's carcinogenic effects are caused by its metabolites, pentavalent and trivalent chromium. The DNA damage may be caused by hydroxyl radicals produced during reoxidation of pentavalent chromium by hydrogen peroxide molecules present in the cell. Trivalent chromium may also form complexes with peptides, proteins, and DNA, resulting in DNA-protein crosslinks, DNA strand breaks, DNA-DNA interstrand crosslinks, chromium-DNA adducts, chromosomal aberrations and alterations in cellular signaling pathways. It has been shown to induce carcinogenesis by overstimulating cellular regulatory pathways and increasing peroxide levels by activating certain mitogen-activated protein kinases. It can also cause transcriptional repression by cross-linking histone deacetylase 1-DNA methyltransferase 1 complexes to CYP1A1 promoter chromatin, inhibiting histone modification. Chromium may increase its own toxicity by modifying metal regulatory transcription factor 1, causing the inhibition of zinc-induced metallothionein transcription. (A12, L16, A34, A35, A36)

WEIGHT OF EVIDENCE CHARACTERIZATION: Under the current guidelines (1986), Cr(VI) is classified as Group A - known human carcinogen by the inhalation route of exposure. Carcinogenicity by the oral route of exposure cannot be determined and is classified as Group D. Under the proposed guidelines (1996), Cr(VI) would be characterized as a known human carcinogen by the inhalation route of exposure on the following basis. Hexavalent chromium is known to be carcinogenic in humans by the inhalation route of exposure. Results of occupational epidemiological studies of chromium-exposed workers are consistent across investigators and study populations. Dose-response relationships have been established for chromium exposure and lung cancer. Chromium-exposed workers are exposed to both Cr(III) and Cr(VI) compounds. Because only Cr(VI) has been found to be carcinogenic in animal studies, however, it was concluded that only Cr(VI) should be classified as a human carcinogen. Animal data are consistent with the human carcinogenicity data on hexavalent chromium. Hexavalent chromium compounds are carcinogenic in animal bioassays, producing the following tumor types: intramuscular injection site tumors in rats and mice, intrapleural implant site tumors for various Cr(VI) compounds in rats, intrabronchial implantation site tumors for various Cr(VI) compounds in rats and subcutaneous injection site sarcomas in rats. In vitro data are suggestive of a potential mode of action for hexavalent chromium carcinogenesis. Hexavalent chromium carcinogenesis may result from the formation of mutagenic oxidatitive DNA lesions following intracellular reduction to the trivalent form. Cr(VI) readily passes through cell membranes and is rapidly reduced intracellularly to generate reactive Cr(V) and Cr(IV) intermediates and reactive oxygen species. A number of potentially mutagenic DNA lesions are formed during the reduction of Cr(VI). Hexavalent chromium is mutagenic in bacterial assays, yeasts and V79 cells, and Cr(VI) compounds decrease the fidelity of DNA synthesis in vitro and produce unscheduled DNA synthesis as a consequence of DNA damage. Chromate has been shown to transform both primary cells and cell lines. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Occupational exposure to chromium compounds has been studied in the chromate production, chromeplating and chrome pigment, ferrochromium production, gold mining, leather tanning and chrome alloy production industries. Workers in the chromate industry are exposed to both trivalent and hexavalent compounds of chromium. Epidemiological studies of chromate production plants in Japan, Great Britain, West Germany, and the United States have revealed a correlation between occupational exposure to chromium and lung cancer, but the specific form of chromium responsible for the induction of cancer was not identified ... Studies of chrome pigment workers have consistently demonstrated an association between occupational chromium exposure (primarily Cr(VI)) and lung cancer. Several studies of the chromeplating industry have demonstrated a positive relationship between cancer and exposure to chromium compounds. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Animal data are consistent with the findings of human epidemiological studies of hexavalent chromium ... /Chromium (VI)/

Evaluation: There is sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of chromium(VI) compounds. Chromium(VI) compounds cause cancer of the lung. Also positive associations have been observed between exposure to Chromium(IV) compounds and cancer of the nose and nasal sinuses. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of chromium(VI) compounds. Chromium(VI) compounds are carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). /Chromium(VI) compounds/

Chromium Hexavalent Compounds: known to be human carcinogens. /Chromium hexavalent compound/

A1; Confirmed human carcinogen. /Water-soluble Cr(VI) inorganic compounds/

A1; Confirmed human carcinogen. /Insoluble Cr(VI) inorganic compounds/

1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

Hexavalent chromium is a known carcinogen. Chronic inhalation especially has been linked to lung cancer. Hexavalent chromium has also been know to cause reproductive and developmental defects. (A12)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.

Inhalation (L16) ; oral (L16) ; dermal (L16)

Burning sensation. Sore throat. Cough. Wheezing. Laboured breathing.

Redness. Pain. Skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe deep burns.

Nausea. Vomiting. Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Diarrhoea. Shock or collapse.

Breathing hexavalent chromium can cause irritation to the lining of the nose, nose ulcers, runny nose, and breathing problems, such as asthma, cough, shortness of breath, or wheezing. Ingestion of hexavalent chromium causes irritation and ulcers in the stomach and small intestine, as well as anemia. Skin contact can cause skin ulcers. (L16)

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Nephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

Asthma - Reversible bronchoconstriction (narrowing of bronchioles) initiated by the inhalation of irritating or allergenic agents.

IARC Carcinogen - Class 1: International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies chemicals as established human carcinogens.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Human.

LC50 (rat) = 33 mg/m3/4h

LD50: 28 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (L16)

LD50: 57 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Rat)(T14)

LD50: 426 mg/kg over 2 days (Dermal, Rabbit) (L16)

LD50: 164 mg/kg (Intravenous, Cat) (T14)

LC50: 33 mg/m3 over 4 hours (Inhalation, Rat) (L16)

LD50 Rat ip 57 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse ip 32 mg/kg

LD50 Cat iv 164 mg/kg

There is no know antidote for chromium poisoning. Exposure is usually handled with symptomatic treatment. (L16)

Sodium chromate consistently stimulated organic binding of iodine & thiocyanate oxidation, & potentiated effects of submaximal concn of thyroid-stimulating hormone on these processes, in bovine thyroid slices.

The effect of vitamin B2, which is capable of reducing chromium(VI) to chromium(V), on chromosomal aberrations and mutation caused by Na2CrO4 was investigated in Chinese hamster V79 cells. Pretreatment with 200 uM vitamin B2 (riboflavin) for 24 hr prior to exposure to Na2CrO4 (2.5-5 uM) resulted in an increase of metal-induced chromosomal aberrations and mutation at the HGPRT locus. These and other previous studies suggest that vitamin B2 enhances the clastogenic and mutagenic action of chromate compounds, through its ability to directly reduce chromium(VI) in cells.

The effect of vitamin E on chromosomal aberrations and mutation caused by Na2CrO4 was investigated in Chinese hamster V79 cells. Pretreatment with 25 uM alpha-tocopherol succinate (vitamin E) for 24 hr prior to chromate exposure (2.5-5 uM) resulted in a decrease of metal-induced chromosomal aberrations. Na2CrO4 (2.5-7.5 uM) induced mutations at the HGPRT locus, but only within a very limited concentration range. This mutagenic response could also be suppressed by pretreatment with vitamin E. These results suggest that vitamin E can protect cells from the clastogenic and mutagenic action of chromate compounds, possibly through its ability to scavenge chromium(V) and/or free radicals.

The effect of pretreatment with ascorbic acid (vitamin C) on chromate-induced DNA damage, cytotoxicity, and enzyme inhibition as well as on the cellular reduction of chromium(VI) was investigated using Chinese hamster V-79 cells. Cellular pretreatment with nontoxic levels of 1 mM ascorbic acid for 24 hr prior to exposure resulted in a significant increase (1.7-fold) in cellular levels of this vitamin. Alkaline elution assays demonstrated that this pretreatment decreased cellular levels of Na2CrO4-induced alkali-labile sites while the numbers of DNA-protein crosslinks produced by chromate increased. In colony-forming assays, pretreatment with ascorbic acid enhanced the cytotoxicity of chromate. However, the inhibition of glutathione reductase attributed to Na2CrO4 was attenuated by this pretreatment. Under the same experimental condition, the uptake of chromate in pretreated cells was found to increase. ESR studies revealed that cellular pretreatment with ascorbic acid reduced the level of chromium(V) intermediate and increased the level of chromium(III) complex, indicating that cellular reduction of chromium(VI) to chromium(III) was accelerated by this vitamin. These results suggest that ascorbic acid decreases chromate-induced alkali-labile sites and chromium inhibition of glutathione reductase, but it enhances DNA-protein cross-links and cytotoxicity caused by this metal through its ability to directly reduce chromium(VI).

For more Interactions (Complete) data for SODIUM CHROMATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Inorganic acids and related compounds/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for SODIUM CHROMATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ A corrosive. Eye contact can cause severe damage with possible loss of vision.

Selected ranked Species Mean Acute Values for saltwater species are as follows: Nassarius obsoletus (mud snail) 105,000 ug/L, Fundulus heteroclitus (mummichog) 74,010 ug/L, Menidia menidia (Atlantic silverside) 15,280 ug/L, Crassostrea gigas (Pacific oyster) 4,538 ug/L, Mytilus edulis (blue mussel) 4,469 ug/L, Mysidopsis bahia (mysid shrimp) 2,030 ug/L, and Nereis virens (polychaete worm) 2,000 ug/L. The saltwater Final Acute Value of 2,158 ug/L for chromium(6+) was calculated from the Genus Mean Acute Values. /Hexavalent chromium/

EC50; Species: Lemna minor (Duckweed); Conditions: freshwater, static, 25 °C; Concentration: 584 ug/L for 7 days (95% confidence interval: 328-1060 ug/L); Effect: growth, decreased weight

EC50; Species: Lemna minor (Duckweed); Conditions: freshwater, static, 25 °C; Concentration: 155 ug/L for 7 days (95% confidence interval: 28-2770 ug/L); Effect: biochemistry, decreased chlorophyll

EC50; Species: Lemna minor (Duckweed); Conditions: freshwater, static, 25 °C; Concentration: 80 ug/L for 7 days (95% confidence interval: 13-6620 ug/L); Effect: biochemistry, decreased carotenoid content

EC50; Species: Lemna minor (Duckweed); Conditions: freshwater, static, 25 °C; Concentration: 2300 ug/L for 7 days (95% confidence interval: 870-8500 ug/L); Effect: growth, decreased growth rate

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ ... the cytotoxic and clastogenic effects of Cr(VI) in human (Homo sapiens) and sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) skin fibroblasts /were compared/. ...Data show that increasing concentrations of both particulate /lead chromate/ and soluble /sodium chromate/ Cr(VI) induce increasing amounts of cytotoxicity and clastogenicity in human and sperm whale skin cells. Furthermore, the data show that sperm whale cells are resistant to these effects exhibiting less cytotoxicity and genotoxicity than the human cells. Differences in Cr uptake accounted for some but not all of the differences in particulate and soluble Cr(VI) genotoxicity, although it did explain the differences in particulate Cr(VI) cytotoxicity. Altogether, the data indicate that Cr(VI) is a genotoxic threat to whales, but also suggest that whales have evolved cellular mechanisms to protect them against the genotoxicity of environmental agents such as Cr(VI).

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Toxic effects were studied in rainbow trout exposed to sodium chromate solution. When survival was used as the criterion, chromium was more toxic at pH 6.5 than at pH 7.8 at all life stages studied. For trout in the embryo through juvenile exposure study, the lowest concentrations increasing mortality were 0.2 mg/L at pH 6.5 and 2.0 mg/L at pH 7.8.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The survival of Rhithropanopeus harrisii larvae from hatching to first crab stage occurred in sodium chromate concentrations from 1.1 to 29.1 ppm. The estimated median lethal concentration (LC50) for complete zoeal development was 17.8 ppm sodium chromate and 13.7 ppm for development to first crab stage. A concentration of 1.1 ppm sodium chromate was nontoxic, whereas concentrations of 7.2 and 14.5 ppm were sublethal, with 29.1-58.1 ppm being acutely toxic.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Sea turtles are a charismatic and ancient ocean species and can serve as key indicators for ocean ecosystems, including coral reefs and sea grass beds as well as coastal beaches. Genotoxicity studies in the species are absent, limiting our understanding of the impact of environmental toxicants on sea turtles. Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a ubiquitous environmental problem worldwide, and recent studies show it is a global marine pollutant of concern. Thus, we evaluated the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of soluble and particulate Cr(VI) in hawksbill sea turtle cells. Particulate Cr(VI) was both cytotoxic and genotoxic to sea turtle cells. Concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 ug/sq cm lead chromate induced 108, 79, 54, and 7% relative survival, respectively. Additionally, concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5ug/sq cm lead chromate induced damage in 4, 10, 15, 26, and 36% of cells and caused 4, 11, 17, 30, and 56 chromosome aberrations in 100 metaphases, respectively. For soluble Cr, concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 uM sodium chromate induced 84, 69, 46, 25, and 3% relative survival, respectively. Sodium chromate induced 3, 9, 9, 14, 21, and 29% of metaphases with damage, and caused 3, 10, 10, 16, 26, and 39 damaged chromosomes in 100 metaphases at concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5uM sodium chromate, respectively. These data suggest that Cr(VI) may be a concern for hawksbill sea turtles and sea turtles in general.

For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SODIUM CHROMATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

Sodium chromate's use in drilling muds(1) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC). About one metric ton of sodium chromate has been used annually in drilling muds for an average West Texas well to combat fatigue corrosion cracking of drill strings(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 80,015 workers (3,487 of these are female) were potentially exposed to sodium chromate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to sodium chromate may occur through inhalation of dust and particulates and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where sodium chromate is produced or used(2).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D007, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. /Chromium/

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Dissolved or soluble chromium cmpd in which the chromium is more than trivalent, thus chromate waste above all, must be reduced chemically and precipitated as chromium (III) hydroxide. The precipitated sludges must be compacted by partial dewatering to enable disposal and prevent degradation of waters and ground water. Normal standards for the introduction of electroplating waste water into the sewerage system tolerate a maximum of 2 mg of chromium per l of waste water, dissolved or undissolved. Where no central detoxification, neutralization, and sludge dewatering systems are available, these waste water treatment measures must be taken in the plants. To this end, chromate-containing wastes, baths, eluates, and semiconcentrates must be collected separately. Reduction to trivalent chromium is usually accomplished with the aid of sodium bisulfate in sulfuric acid soln (pH 2-3). Under certain circumstances, agents such as sulfur dioxide from waste gases or sulfite-containing liquids obtained from the scrubbing of waste gas, iron filings, brass or aluminum chips can be profitably used for reduction. The subsequent precipitation of the chromium is accomplished by alkalizing to pH 8-9; waste alkali soln or alkaline treated waste water, for example from cyanide detoxification, can be used here. The sludge is usually dewatered through a process of sedimentation in settling basins, decanting and pressing the thin sludge in chamber filter presses, insofar as it cannot be recycled. Depending on local conditions, the compacted sludge (residual water content 60-70%) is disposed of in SRP:/hazardous waste landfill/. Recommendable methods: Reduction, solidification, & landfill. Not recommendable methods: Discharge to sewer & thermal destruction. Peer-review: The filtrate should be diluted and discharged to sewer. Chromium containing sludges cannot be disposed of in incinerators, as the trivalent chromium is reoxidized to hexavalent chromium in the heat. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for SODIUM CHROMATE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

49 633 72; Sodium chromate, solution

49 633 69; Sodium chromate, dry

Oxidizer Corrosive

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T+, N; R: 45-46-60-61-21-25-26-34-42/43-48/23-50/53; S: 53-45-60-61; Note: E, 3

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II