Calcium hypochlorite

H272: May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P210, P220, P260, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H271 (12%): May cause fire or explosion; strong Oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

H272 (88%): May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P210, P220, P260, P264, P270, P273, P280, P283, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P306+P360, P316, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P371+P380+P375, P391, P405, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 324 reports by companies from 22 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P210, P220, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P320, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P220, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P272, P273, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P321, P330, P333+P317, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P210, P220, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P272, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P321, P330, P333+P317, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H313: May be harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

P210, P220, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P317, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

SMALL FIRE: Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.

LARGE FIRE: Flood fire area with water from a distance. Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: For ammonium nitrate products: Do not fight cargo fire. Withdraw, evacuate and isolate area for at least 1600 meters (1 mile). Treat as an explosive (ERG Guide 112). Do not enter area for 24 hours or until expert advice has been provided. Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

NO powder. Use water in large amounts. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

If material involved in fire: Extinguish using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. /Chlorinated lime, liquid/

Personnel protection: ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Chlorinated lime, liquid/

Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products. Use flooding quantities of water as fog or spray. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance. Do not use dry chemical fire extinguishers containing ammonium compounds. /Calcium hypochlorite, dry, or calcium hypochlorite, mixtures, dry/

Since a calcium hypochlorite fire will generate its own oxygen, attempts to smother it will not be effective, and it must be quenched with water.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Do not get water inside containers.

Small Dry Spill

· With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.

Small Liquid Spill

· Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. If ammonium nitrate products are in a tank, rail car or truck and involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, initiate evacuation including emergency responders for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

· If ammonium nitrate products are in a tank, rail car or truck and involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, initiate evacuation including emergency responders for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit, face shield and filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered air-tight, dry containers. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Dissolve the material in water and add to a large vol of concn reducing agent soln, then acidify the mixture with H2SO4. When reduction is complete, soda ash is added to make the soln alkaline. The alkaline liquid is decanted from any sludge produced, neutralized, and diluted before discharge to a sewer or stream. The sludge is landfilled.

If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Neutralize spilled material with crushed limestone, soda ash, or lime. /Chlorinated lime, liquid/

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Avoid bodily contact with the material ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amt of water or soap and water. ... If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemcial protective clothing. /Chlorinated lime, liquid/

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not get water inside containers.

SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.

SMALL LIQUID SPILL: Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Separated from food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers.

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location at a temperature below 120 °F (50 °C) to avoid slow decomposition. Separate from oxidizing materils, acids, ammonia, amines, and other chlorinating agents. Immediately remove and properly dispose of any spilled material. /Calcium hypochlorite, dry or calcium hypochlorite, mixtures, dry/

The bulk material may ignite or explode in storage. Traces of water may initiate the reaction.

Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Separated from food and feedstuffs.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

2.6 [mg/m3]

28 [mg/m3]

170 [mg/m3]

Small Fire

· Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.

Large Fire

· Flood fire area with water from a distance.

· Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· For ammonium nitrate products: Do not fight cargo fire. Withdraw, evacuate and isolate area for at least 1600 meters (1 mile). Treat as an explosive (GUIDE 112). Do not enter area for 24 hours or until expert advice has been provided.

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation of decomposition products may cause lung oedema. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Residues of the following materials are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Inert Ingredient: calcium hypochlorite; Use: sanitizing and bleaching agent.

Residues of the following chemical substances are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation, provided that the substance is applied on a semi-permanent or permanent food-contact surface (other than being applied on food packaging) with adequate draining before contact with food. ... (c) The following chemical substances when used as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation may be applied to: Food-processing equipment and utensils. Hypchlorous acid, calcium salt is included on this list. Limit: When ready for use, the end-use concentration of all hypochlorous acid chemicals in the solution is not to exceed 200 ppm determined as total available chlorine.

Calcium hypochlorite is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used preharvest or postharvest in solution on all raw agricultural commodities. Calcium hypochlorite is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance in or on grape when used as a fumigant postharvest by means of a chlorine generator pad.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

... Adequate exhaust & general ventilation is necessary to prevent formation of dangerous concentration of chlorine gas. /Chlorinated lime/

Personnel protection: ... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots. /Chlorinated lime, liquid/

Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

NO contact with combustible substances or reducing agents.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

Obtained by saturating calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) with chlorine.

Calcium hypochlorite appears as a white granular solid (or tablets compressed from the granules) with an odor of chlorine. Toxic, irritating to the skin. Noncombustible, but will accelerate the burning of combustible materials. Prolonged exposure to fire or heat may result in the vigorous decomposition of the material and rupture of the container. Diluted samples may undergo reactions as described above if they contain less than 39% available chlorine but take longer to become involved and react less vigorously. Used for water purification, disinfectant for swimming pools, for bleaching paper and textiles.

Dry Powder

White solid granules with the odor of household bleaching powder; [CHRIS]

WHITE SOLID IN VARIOUS FORMS WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

WHITE GRANULES OR PELLETS

White crystalline solid

Strong chlorine odor

Decomposes at 100 °C

21% in water at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 21

2.350 g/cu cm

2.35 g/cm³

2.35 @25 °C

All hypochlorite soln are unstable, esp if acidified; slowly decomp on contact with air /hypochlorite soln/

Chlorinated lime is relatively unstable, even in solid form, and loses much of its activity over a period of a year. /Chlorinated lime/

A complex compound of indefinite composition that rapidly decomposes on exposure to air. ... /Chlorinated lime/

The 70% grade may decomp violently if exposed to heat or direct sunlight. Gives off chlorine and chlorine monoxide above 350 °F (poisonous gases).

It will chemically decompose at temperatures above 212 °F to release chlorine and oxygen gas.

Dangerous; when heated to decomposition ... it emits highly toxic fumes of hydrogen chloride and explodes.

0.001 mm ASTM grade 2 titanium/yr at 6 wt% and 100 °C /From table/

Index of refraction: 1.545 (alpha); 1.69 (beta)

Decomp in acid; decomp with evolution of chlorine in cold water /Basic calcium hypochlorite/

Decomposes in water and alcohol; not hygroscopic; an oxidizing material; stable chlorine carrier.

Evolves chlorine freely and at hugher temperatures oxygen /Lime, chlorinated/

Decomposes rapidly and exothermically giving off oxygen and chlorine monoxide gases when heated above 175 °C. Reacts vigorously or explosively with oxidizable materials.

Does not decompose on standing

Other Classes -> Inorganic Oxidizing Agents

Reactive agents - 1st degree

FCS -> FDA Cumulative Estimated Daily Intake (CEDI)

FCS -> FDA Inventory of Food Contact Substances Listed in 21 CFR

FCS -> FDA Inventory of Effective Food Contact Substance (FCS) Notifications

Water soluble. Slowly decomposes in water and moist air to liberate oxygen.

Water soluble. Slowly decomposed by water with the evolution of gaseous chlorine and heat.

Experimental work at Argonne National Laboratory has determined that there is essentially no Cl2 gas formation; the substance is quite unreactive in water. This does not prevent Cl2 formation by a catalytic mechanism, but under normal conditions calcium hypochlorite is quite unreactive. The hydration reaction was rapid and quite exothermic. The small change in gas volume was attributed to this heating. (Argonne Report ANL/DIS-00-1, October 2000).

Bases, Strong

Oxidizing Agents, Strong

Salts, Basic

Strong Oxidizing Agent

CSL00065

CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE + ETHANOL

Potentially explosive

Explosive

User-Reported

BLEACHING POWDER is a strong oxidizing agent and a base. Acts in aqueous solution by releasing hypochlorite ion (OCl- ion). Decomposes on standing to give oxygen (a strong oxidizing agent) and calcium chloride. Mixing of bleaching powder (hypochlorite solution) with ammonia solutions produces toxic/explosive ammonia trichloride vapors.

CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE is a powerful oxidizing agent, particularly in the presence of water or as it decomposes when heated to release oxygen and chlorine gases. May react vigorously with carbon; reacts potentially explosively with finely divided carbon. Reacts with acetylene to form explosive chloroacetylenes. Reactions with organic matter, oil, hydrocarbons; alcohols may lead to explosions. Reactions with nitromethane, methanol, ethanol (and other alcohols) can become violent after a delay. Reacts with possible ignition and/or explosion with organic sulfur compounds and with sulfides. Decomposes evolving oxygen, a change that can be catalyzed by rust on metal containers. Forms highly explosive NCl3 on contact with urea or ammonia. Evolves highly toxic gaseous chlorine gas when heated or on contact with acids [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 1905]. A mixture with damp sulfur reacted violently, and molten sulfur was ejected [Chem Eng. News, 1965, 46(29), 6]. The combination of calcium hypochlorite, sodium hydrogen sulfate, starch, and sodium carbonate, when compressed, caused the materials to incandescence, followed by explosion, [Ind. Eng. Chem., 1937, 15, 282].

Reacts with water and with acids releasing chlorine. Forms explosive compounds with ammonia and amines. Strong oxidizer. Other incompatible materials include organics, nitrogen containing compounds, dry chemical fire extinguishers containing mono-ammonium phosphate, combustible or flammable materials. /Calcium hypochlorite, dry or calcium hypochlorite, mixtures, dry/

A mixture of damp sulfur and solid 'swimming pool chlorine' caused a violently exothermic reaction, and ejection of molten sulfur.

Calcium hypochlorite and mercaptans will react violently.

Nitromethane, either alone or in a mixture with methanol and castor oil (model airplane fuel) has a delayed but violent reaction with powdered calcium hypochlorite, esp when confined, as in a plastic bag.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE (21 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity of hypochlorite salts in experimental animals. No data were available from studies in humans on the carcinogenicity of hypochlorite salts. Overall evaluation: Hypochlorite salts are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). /Hypochlorite salts/

The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion and by inhalation.

Burning sensation. Sore throat. Wheezing. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath.

Redness. Pain. Serious skin burns. Blisters.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe deep burns.

Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Shock or collapse.

Chemical: CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LD50 Rat (male) oral 790 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 850 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbit dermal >2000 mg/kg

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Hypochlorite and Related Compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize. /Hypochlorite and Related Compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first signs of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... .Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Hypochlorite and Related Compounds/

Emergency and supportive measures. 1. Inhalation of chloring gas. a. Immediately give humidified supplemental oxygen. Observe carefully for signs of progressive upper airway obstruction and intubate the trachea if necessary. b. Use bronchodilators for wheezing and treat noncardiogenic pulmonary edema if it occurs. 2. Ingestion of hypochlorite solution. If a solution of 10% or greater has been ingested or if there are any symptoms of corrosive injury (dysphagia, drooling, or pain), flexible endoscopy is recommended to evaluate for serious esophageal or gastric injury. Obtain chest and abdominal radiographs to look for mediastinal or intro-abdominal air, which suggests perforation. /Chlorine/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

...Recommended: lung function tests. ...consider chest x-ray following acute overexposure.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptomatology: 1. Pain & inflammation of mouth, pharynx, esophagus, & stomach. Erosion of mucous membranes, chiefly of stomach. 2. Vomiting ... hemorrhage ... 3. Circulatory collapse, with cold & clammy skin, cyanosis, & shallow respirations. 4. Confusion, delirium, coma. 5. Edema of pharynx, glottis & larynx, with stridor & obstruction. 6. Perforation of esophagus or stomach, with mediastinitis or peritonitis. 7. Inhalation of hypochlorous acid fumes causes severe resp tract irritation & pulmonary edema. 8. Skin contact may cause vesicular eruptions and eczematoid dermatitis. Hypochlorite/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ When excess of calcium hydroxide is present, chlorinated lime is strongly alkaline & capable of causing lime burn of the eye. /Chlorinated lime/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Inhalation of /chlorinated lime/ fumes may cause laryngeal & pulmonary irritation, pulmonary edema, death. /Chlorinated lime/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation of dusts /bleaching powder/ may damage teeth, conjunctiva, & resp tract. If used as paste with excessive rubbing for more than 3 to 4 min ... sometimes causes moderate to severe ... damage to skin. /Bleaching powder/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Wister-derived albino rats were dosed by gavage (vehicle: water) at 890, 1000, 1120, and 1260 mg/kg bw (10 males/group). Eight/10, 5/10, 9/10, and 10/10 deaths occurred at 890, 1000, 1120, and 1260 mg/kg, respectively. Moderate depression of the central nervous system was found at 1 hour after administration. Most survivors showed a mild to moderate persistent anorexia. Most affected animals showed diarrhea for several days. The LD50 was calculated to be 790 mg/kg.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Exptl application of 5% aq soln of ... calcium hypochlorite, pH 11.5, to eyes of rabbits for thirty sec, followed by irrigation with water, caused superficial loss of epithelium from corneas & conjunctivas ... within a day corneas healed & conjunctivae were normal except for slight residual hyperemia. ...

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ /NOAEL of 160 mg/kg was observed in a repeated dose oral toxicity studies in rats after exposure for 30 days./

/GENOTOXICITY/ Chromosomal aberrations were analyzed in Chinese hamster cells treated for 24 or 48 hours with three different doses of calcium hypochlorite, in the absence of metabolic activation. A positive increase in chromosomal aberrations was observed only in a culture treated with 0.5 ug/mL (6.7 mol/L = approx. 3.5 umol/L active chlorine) for 48 hours.

/VETERINARY CASE REPORTS/ Poisoning in animals ... as result of contamination of whey with hypochlorites used for disinfecting whey containers & from chlorinated lime (bleaching powder) used in error in limewash. Principal effect of such compounds, which yield chlorine in solution, is local irritation of the intestinal tract.

LC50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern bobwhite quail) age 9 days; diet >5620 ppm for 8 days

LC50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck) age 10 days; diet >5620 ppm for 8 days

LD50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck) age 25 weeks; oral via capsule >105 mg/kg

LD50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern bobwhite quail) age 27 weeks; oral via capsule; oral via capsule 1502 mg/kg (95% confidence interval: 1097-2561 mg/kg)

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE (64 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The aquatic effect of calcium hypochlorite in the environment, where pH value is supposed to range from 6 to 8, is common to other hypochlorite-generating chemicals like chlorine gas or sodium hypochlorite. The biologically significant chemical species are hypochloric acid or hypochlorite ion. /Hypochlorite/

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms.

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of calcium hypochlorite is 1 to 99; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 82,721 workers (23,4896 of these were female) were potentially exposed to calcium hypochlorite in the US(1). The NOES Survey does not include farm workers. Occupational exposure to calcium hypochlorite may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where calcium hypochlorite is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to calcium hypochlorite via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing calcium hypochlorite(SRC).

Routes of entry: Inhalation of dust. Inhalation of vapor and ingestion. /Chlorinated lime/

LC50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern bobwhite quail) age 9 days; diet >5620 ppm for 8 days

LC50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck) age 10 days; diet >5620 ppm for 8 days

LD50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck) age 25 weeks; oral via capsule >105 mg/kg

LD50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern bobwhite quail) age 27 weeks; oral via capsule; oral via capsule 1502 mg/kg (95% confidence interval: 1097-2561 mg/kg)

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE (64 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The aquatic effect of calcium hypochlorite in the environment, where pH value is supposed to range from 6 to 8, is common to other hypochlorite-generating chemicals like chlorine gas or sodium hypochlorite. The biologically significant chemical species are hypochloric acid or hypochlorite ion. /Hypochlorite/

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms.

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of calcium hypochlorite is 1 to 99; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 82,721 workers (23,4896 of these were female) were potentially exposed to calcium hypochlorite in the US(1). The NOES Survey does not include farm workers. Occupational exposure to calcium hypochlorite may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where calcium hypochlorite is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to calcium hypochlorite via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing calcium hypochlorite(SRC).

Routes of entry: Inhalation of dust. Inhalation of vapor and ingestion. /Chlorinated lime/

Dissolve the material in water and add to a large vol of concn reducing agent soln, then acidify the mixture with H2SO4. When reduction is complete, soda ash is added to make the soln alkaline. The alkaline liquid is decanted from any sludge produced, neutralized, and diluted before discharge to a sewer or stream. The sludge is landfilled.

/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Fire or Explosion: These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. /Calcium hypochlorite, dry; Calcium hypochlorite, hydrated, with not less than 5.5% but not more than 16% water; Calcium hypochlorite, hydrated mixture, with not less than 5.5% but not more than 16% water; Calcium hypochlorite mixture, dry, with more than 10% but not more than 39% available Chlorine; Calcium hypochlorite mixture, dry, with more than 39% available Chlorine (8.8% available Oxygen)/

/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Health: Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Calcium hypochlorite, dry; Calcium hypochlorite, hydrated, with not less than 5.5% but not more than 16% water; Calcium hypochlorite, hydrated mixture, with not less than 5.5% but not more than 16% water; Calcium hypochlorite mixture, dry, with more than 10% but not more than 39% available Chlorine; Calcium hypochlorite mixture, dry, with more than 39% available Chlorine (8.8% available Oxygen)/

/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Calcium hypochlorite, dry; Calcium hypochlorite, hydrated, with not less than 5.5% but not more than 16% water; Calcium hypochlorite, hydrated mixture, with not less than 5.5% but not more than 16% water; Calcium hypochlorite mixture, dry, with more than 10% but not more than 39% available Chlorine; Calcium hypochlorite mixture, dry, with more than 39% available Chlorine (8.8% available Oxygen)/

/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Calcium hypochlorite, dry; Calcium hypochlorite, hydrated, with not less than 5.5% but not more than 16% water; Calcium hypochlorite, hydrated mixture, with not less than 5.5% but not more than 16% water; Calcium hypochlorite mixture, dry, with more than 10% but not more than 39% available Chlorine; Calcium hypochlorite mixture, dry, with more than 39% available Chlorine (8.8% available Oxygen)/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1748; Calcium hypochlorite, dry or Calcium hypochlorite mixture dry with more than 39% available chlorine (8.8% available oxygen)

UN 2208; Calcium hypochlorite mixture, dry, with more than 10% but not more than 39% available chlorine

UN 2880; Calcium hypochlorite, hydrated or Calcium hypochlorite, hydrated mixture, with not less than 5.5% but not more than 16% water

UN 3485; Calcium hypochlorite, dry, corrosive or calcium hypochlorite mixture, dry, corrosive with more than 39% available chlorine (8.8% available oxygen)

For more Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO (Complete) data for CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

49 323 32; Chlorinated lime, liquid

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Oxidizer

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: O, C, N; R: 8-22-31-34-50; S: (1/2)-26-36/37/39-45-61

UN Hazard Class: 5.1; UN Pack Group: II