chlorine

H270: May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing gases]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P220, P244, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P376, P391, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H270 (70.4%): May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing gases]

H280 (71.5%): Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]

H315 (> 99.9%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (> 99.9%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (53.3%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H331 (46.7%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (100%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (17.7%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P220, P244, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P273, P280, P284, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P319, P320, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P376, P391, P403, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1089 reports by companies from 36 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P220, P244, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P320, P321, P363, P370+P376, P403, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P220, P244, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P376, P391, P403, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer immediately for medical attention. Artificial respiration may be needed.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Warning: Effects may be delayed. Caution is advised. Chlorine is corrosive and may be converted to hydrochloric acid in the lungs.

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Chlorine Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to chlorine may include tachycardia (rapid heart rate), hypertension (high blood pressure) followed by hypotension (low blood pressure), and cardiovascular collapse. Pulmonary edema and pneumonia are often seen. The eyes, nose, throat, and chest may sting or burn following exposure to chlorine. Cough with bloody sputum, a feeling of suffocation, dizziness, agitation, anxiety, nausea, and vomiting are common. Dermal exposure may result in sweating, pain, irritation, and blisters.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to chlorine may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as chlorine-resistant plastic sheeting and disposable bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to chlorine.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Transport to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to chlorine.

3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas for at least 15 minutes with soap and water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Transport to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure: No information is available. (EPA, 1998)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Clothing frozen to the skin should be thawed before being removed.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Evacuate area endangered by gas. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. Move container from fire area if you can do so without risk. Spray cooling water on containers that are exposed to flames until well after fire is out. If it is necessary to stop the flow of gas, use water spray to direct escaping gas away from those effecting shut-off.

Will not burn, but most combustible materials will burn in chlorine as they do in oxygen; flammable gases will form explosive mixtures with chlorine. Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, fog or foam. (EPA, 1998)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water.

- Chlorine is not combustible, but it enhances the combustion of other substances.

- Chlorine reacts violently with many organic compounds, ammonia, hydrogen, and finely divided metals, causing fire and explosion hazards.

- The agent may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).

- Fire will produce irritating, corrosive, and/or toxic gases.

- For small fires, use water only; do not use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or Halon™. Contain the fire and let it burn. If the fire must be fought, water spray or fog is recommended. Do not get water inside containers. Move containers from the fire area if it is possible to do so without risk to personnel. Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

- For fire involving tanks, fight the fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after the fire is out. Do not direct water at the source of the leak or at safety devices; icing may occur. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tanks. Always stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

- For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from the area and let the fire burn.

- Run-off from fire control may cause pollution.

- If the situation allows, control and properly dispose of run-off (effluent).

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

Use water spray to keep fire exposed containers cool. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for surrounding fire.

Respiratory protection for chlorine ... /during/ fire fighting: self contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode.

May combine with water or steam to produce toxic and corrosive fumes of hydrochloric acid.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.

· If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Isolate area until gas has dispersed.

· Ventilate the area.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 124 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive - Oxidizing]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: See ERG Tables 1 and 3 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 1017 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

· See Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Small spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 60 m (200 ft)

Large spill:

- ISOLATE in all Directions:

-- Rail tank car: 1000 m (3000 ft)

-- Highway tank truck or trailer: 600 m (2000 ft)

-- Multiple ton cylinders: 300 m (1000 ft)

-- Multiple small cylinders or single ton cylinder: 150 m (500 ft)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.3 km (0.2 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 1.5 km (0.9 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time:

-- Rail tank car:

- - - Low wind (< 6 mph (<10 km/h)): 9.6 km (6.0 mi)

- - - Moderate wind (6-12 mph (10-20 km/h)): 6.3 km (3.9 mi)

- - - High wind (> 12 mph (>20 km/h)): 5.1 km (3.2 mi)

-- Highway tank truck or trailer:

- - - Low wind (< 6 mph (<10 km/h)): 5.6 km (3.5 mi)

- - - Moderate wind (6-12 mph (10-20 km/h)): 3.3 km (2.1 mi)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 124 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive - Oxidizing]:

Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. Ventilate the area. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof if in building. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers. Cool. Dry. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Contents under pressure. Storage class (TRGS 510): Gases.

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from combustible, organic, or easily oxidizable materials. Isolate from acetylene, ammonia, hydrogen, hydrocarbons, ether, turpentine, and finely divided metals. Outside or detached storage is preferred.

Permanent storage of chlorine is generally not recommended. However, at chlorine producing plants and barge shipping terminals, chlorine storage is an obvious necessity. Moderate amt may be handled in high strength tanks as a liquefied gas under pressure. The max amt that is considered safe under these conditions is about 450 tons. For larger quantities, low temp storage at atmosphere pressure is preferred in the interest of safety as well as economy. Chlorine gas evaporating from the low temp storage tank is reliquefied by a small refrigeration unit and recycled to storage. A standby absorber unit, usually a caustic soda soln tank, is also available to absorb evaporated chlorine in case of refrigeration unit failure. In small quantities, chlorine is stored and transported as a liquefied gas under pressure in 45.4, 68, and 909 kg steel cylinders equipped with fusible plug relief devices.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

9.0 [ppm]

0.5 [ppm]

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

AEGLs Status: Final

2.0 [ppm]

20 [ppm]

0.5 ppm (1.45 mg/m³) [15 minutes]

C 0.5 ppm (1.45 mg/m3) [15-minute]

1 ppm (3 mg/m³) [Construction and Maritime Industries only]

1 ppm (3 mg/m³) [General Industry only]

C 1 ppm (3 mg/m3) See Appendix G

10 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

10.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Exposures to 30 ppm have been reported to cause intense coughing fits and exposure to 40 to 60 ppm for 30 to 60 minutes or more may cause serious damage [ILO 1971]. A concentration of 34 to 51 ppm has been reported to be lethal in 1 to 1.5 hours [Freitag 1941] while 14 to 21 ppm has been suggested as being dangerous within 0.5 to 1 hour [NPIRI 1983].

See: 7782505

0.1 [ppm]

0.4 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.5 ppm; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 1 ppm.

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

0.1 ppm as TWA; 0.4 ppm as STEL; A4 (not classifiable as a human carcinogen).

1.5 mg/m

peak limitation category: I(1); pregnancy risk group: C.

Acute Inhalation: 0.07 ppm (Chlorine gas) (L245) Intermediate Inhalation: 0.02 ppm (Chlorine gas) (L245) Chronic Inhalation: 0.00005 ppm (Chlorine gas) (L245)

CAUTION: These materials do not burn but will support combustion. Some will react violently with water.

Small Fire

· Contain fire and let burn. If fire must be fought, water spray or fog is recommended.

· Water only; no dry chemical, CO2 or Halon®.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

Fire Involving Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.

Chlorine appears as a greenish yellow gas with a pungent suffocating odor. Toxic by inhalation. Slightly soluble in water. Liquefies at -35 °C and room pressure. Readily liquefied by pressure applied at room temperature. Contact with unconfined liquid can cause frostbite by evaporative cooling. Does not burn but, like oxygen, supports combustion. Long-term inhalation of low concentrations or short-term inhalation of high concentrations has ill effects. Vapors are much heavier than air and tend to settle in low areas. Contact CHEMTREC to activate chlorine response team 800-424-9300. Used to purify water, bleach wood pulp, and to make other chemicals. Rate of onset: Immediate to hours Persistence: Minutes to hours Odor threshold: 3.5 ppm Source/use/other hazard: Cleaner/disinfectant in many industries; water treatment; WWI war gas; irritating corr fumes heavier than air.

CBI; Gas Vapor; Gas Vapor; Liquid; Liquid

Greenish-yellow gas with a pungent, irritating odor; Note: Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas; [NIOSH] Vapor density = 2.48 (heavier than air); [HSDB]

GREENISH-YELLOW COMPRESSED LIQUEFIED GAS WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

Greenish-yellow gas with a pungent, irritating odor.

Greenish-yellow gas with a pungent, irritating odor. [Note: Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas.]

Greenish-yellow gas at room temperature; clear, amber-colored liquid under increased pressure or at temperatures below -30°F (-34°C).

Yellowish-green gas

Greenish-yellow gas ... [Note: Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas]

Suffocating odor

Pungent, irritating

Odor like concentrated bleach

Irritating, bleach-like choking odor

-30.3 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

-34.04 °C

-34.04 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-150 °F (EPA, 1998)

-101.5 °C

0.7 % (NIOSH, 2024)

1.46 g/100 cc water at 0 °C; 310 cc/100 cc water at 10 °C; 177 cc/100 cc water at 30 °C; 0.57 g/100 cc water at 30 °C

Solubility in water at 25 °C with formation of aqueous Cl2 (0.062 M), HOCl (0.030 M), chloride ion (0.030 M); total solubility: 0.092 M; more soluble in alkalies

In water, 6,300 mg/L at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 0.7

1.424 at 59 °F (pressurized liquid) (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

2.898 g/L

Heat capacity at constant pressure (gas, 25 °C): 8.11 cal/mol °C; critical density: 0.573; oxidizing agent; very reactive; reduction potential (aqueous): 1.356 V; dissociation energy: 57.978 kcal at 25 °C; forms halides with all elements except the rare gases helium, neon, and argon; 1.4085 (liquid) at 20 °C and 6.864 atm; 1.5649 (liquid) at -35 °C and 0.9949 atm

Stable isotope abundance (atom, %): Cl-35, 75.53%; Cl-37, 24.47%; critical volume: 0.001745 cu m/kg; density: 3.213 kg/cu m at 0 °C and 101.3 kPa; latent heat of vaporization, 287.75 J/g ;enthalpy of fusion: 90.33 kJ/kg; electron affinity: 3.77 eV; enthalpy of hydration of chloride ion: 405.7 kJ/mol; ionization energies: 13.01 eV; 23.80 eV; 39.9; 53.3; 67.8; 96.6, 114.2 eV; specific heat at constant pressure: 481 kJ/kg K; specific heat at constant volume: 0.357 kJ/kg K; specific magnetic susceptibility: -7.4X10-9 cu m/kg at 20 °C; electrical conductivity of liquid at-70 °C: 1X10-16 (Ohm cm)-1; dielectric constant at 0 °C (wavelengths > 10 m): 1.97

Liquid; clear amber; very irritating odor; density: 1.56 at -35 °C, freezing point: -101 °C; 1 L liquid = 456.8 L gas at 0 °C and 1 atm; very low electrical conductivity; soluble in chlorides and alcohols; extremely strong oxidizing agent; slightly soluble in cold water /Liquid/

Saturated vapor density: 0.95960 lb/cu ft at 50 °F

1.424 at 59 °F

2.898g/L

2.47(relative gas density)

2.49 (EPA, 1998) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

2.48 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.5

7600 mmHg at 86 °F (EPA, 1998)

5.83X10+3 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 673

Henry's Law constant:0.0104 atm cu m/mol at 25 °C

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

Water dissolves about twice its volume of chlorine gas, forming a mixture of hydrochloric acid and hypochlorous acids. Will be corrosive due to acidity and oxidizing potential.

Oxidizing Agents, Strong

Halogenating Agents

Strong Oxidizing Agent

Water-Reactive

CSL00056

CHLORINE + AMMONIA

Potentially explosive in the presence of chlorine, bromine or iodine

Explosive

User-Reported

CSL00059

CHLORINE + Alcohols

Potentially explosive in the presence of alcohols

CSL00062

DIETHYL ETHER + CHLORINE

Potentially explosive

CSL00094

METHANOL + CHLORINE

CSL00095

CHLORINE + ETHANOL

CSL00096

CHLORINE + 1-PROPANOL

CHLORINE reacts explosively with or supports the burning of numerous common materials. Ignites steel at 100 °C in the presence of soot, rust, carbon, or other catalysts. Ignites dry steel wool at 50 °C. Reacts as either a liquid or gas with alcohols (explosion), molten aluminum (explosion), silane (explosion), bromine pentafluoride, carbon disulfide (explosion catalyzed by iron), 1-chloro-2-propyne (excess chlorine causes an explosion), dibutyl phthalate (explosion at 118 °C), diethyl ether (ignition), diethyl zinc (ignition), glycerol (explosion at 70-80 °C), methane over yellow mercury oxide (explosion), acetylene (explosion initiated by sunlight or heating), ethylene over mercury, mercury(I) oxide, or silver(I) oxide (explosion initiated by heat or light), gasoline (exothermic reaction then detonation), naphtha-sodium hydroxide mixture (violent explosion), zinc chloride (exothermic reaction), wax (explosion), hydrogen (explosion initiated by light). Reacts as either a liquid or gas with carbides of iron, uranium and zirconium, with hydrides of potassium sodium and copper, with tin, aluminum powder, vanadium powder, aluminum foil, brass foil, copper foil, calcium powder, iron wire, manganese powder, potassium, antimony powder, bismuth, germanium, magnesium, sodium, and zinc. Causes ignition and a mild explosion when bubbled through cold methanol. Explodes or ignites if mixed in excess with ammonia and warmed. Causes ignition in contact with hydrazine, hydroxylamine, and calcium nitride. Forms explosive nitrogen trichloride from biuret contaminated with cyanuric acid. Readily forms an explosive N-chloro derivative with aziridine. Ignites or explodes with arsine, phosphine, silane, diborane, stibine, red phosphorus, white phosphorus, boron, active carbon, silicon, arsenic. Ignites sulfides at ambient temperature. Ignites (as a liquid) synthetic and natural rubber. Ignites trialkylboranes and tungsten dioxide.

Incompatible materials: Alcohols.

Antimony burns spontaneously in gaseous chlorine; with liquid chlorine, antimony ignites at 33 °C.

Arsenic burns spontaneously in gaseous chlorine; with liquid chlorine, arsenic ignites at 33 °C.

Arsenic disulfide ignites in a rapid stream of chlorine.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for CHLORINE (71 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Reacts explosively or forms explosive compounds with many common substances such as acetylene, ether, turpentine, ammonia, fuel gas, hydrogen & finely divided metals.

CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Chlorine is a greenish yellow gas, and becomes a clear to amber liquid under pressure and has a pungent suffocating odor. The major uses of chlorine are in the manufacture of chlorinated organic chemicals and inorganic chemicals. It is used as a bleaching agent in the manufacture of pulp and paper; in bleaching textiles, in the manufacture of pesticides, herbicides, refrigerants, propellants, household and commercial bleaches, detergents for automatic dish washers, antifreeze, antiknock compounds, plastics, synthetic rubbers, adhesives, pharmaceuticals, drinking and swimming water purification, sanitation of industrial and sewage wastes and in the degassing of aluminum metal. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Chlorine has a suffocating pungent odor and the gas irritates the eyes and causes tears. Exposure to chlorine gas can be from oral, inhalation and dermal and eye routes. Chlorine gas can lead to ocular irritation and burns. Skin exposure can cause irritation, pain, erythema, blister and burns. Liquid chlorine on contact can burn the skin and eyes. Initially the irritation of the eyes, nose and throat, followed by coughing and wheezing, dyspnea, sputum production and chest pain. Larger exposures may lead to hyperchloremic acidosis, anoxia and may lead to cardiac or respiratory arrest. Chemical pneumonitis may follow. The effects of chronic exposure to chlorine among workers at a pulp mill have shown persistent respiratory symptoms. Bronchial obstruction and bronchial hyper-responsiveness were noted. There have also been occasional reports of asthma precipitated by exposure to chlorinated water. In a series of in vitro experiments on a human lymphocyte culture system reported that chlorine concn 2-20 times those normally found in drinking water induced chromatid and chromosome breaks, translocations, dicentric chromosomes, and gaps. ANIMAL STUDIES: Exposure of rats to 3 or 9 ppm chlorine for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks was associated with decreased body weight, increased hematocrit and white cell count (in females exposed to 9 ppm only), and increases in clinical chemistry measures suggestive of altered renal function. There was gross evidence of an inflammatory reaction in the upper and lower respiratory tract among animals exposed to a 9 ppm concentration of chlorine; animals exposed to 3 ppm exhibited these effects to a lesser degree. Water containing 0, 70, 140, or 275 ppm chlorine was provided to groups of 70 rats or mice of each sex for up to 2 years. Although the marginal increase in leukemia incidence in the mid- and high-dose female rats suggested a possible association with the administration of chlorinated water, the incidence of leukemia was not clearly dose related. There was no indication of reduced latency of leukemia, and the incidence of leukemia in concurrent controls was less than the mean for historical controls; furthermore, there was no supporting evidence of an effect in male rats. Thus, the marginal increase in leukemia incidence in female rats was considered equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity. There were no neoplasms or nonneoplastic lesions in male rats or in male or female mice that were clearly associated with the consumption of chlorinated water. In vivo induction of micronuclei (MN) was studied in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) derived from bone marrow of chlorinated drinking water (CDW)-treated Wistar rats. The results demonstrated significant increases of micronucleated PCEs in the bone marrow of rats fed with relatively low CDW doses (33.3mL/kg body weight per day). ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Estuarine water was chlorinated to 10 mg/L, aged 10-35 days and then used as growth medium for three phytoplankton species, Thalassiosira pseudonana, Dunaliella species, Isochrysis galbana. Total residual chlorine compounds were undetectable in the chlorinated water; two species did not grow even after the water had been aged 35 days. A more resistant species grew in chlorinated water aged 23 or 35 days but did not grow in water aged 10 days. All three species grew well in the same water that had not been chlorinated.

Chlorine is a strong oxidizer that hydrolyzes in water forming hydrochloric and hypochlorous acids. In this form, it can penetrate the cell and form N-chloro-derivatives that can damage cellular integrity. Chlorine reacts with water in the epithelial lining of the upper respiratory airways. The mechanism of toxicity of aqueous chlorine or a hypochlorous acid/sodium hypochlorite is basically the same as that for chlorine gas. However, hypochlorous acid is a stronger oxidant than chlorine gas as reflected by its higher redox potential. Damage to the upper gastrointestinal tract, as may occur following ingestion of sodium hypochlorite bleach, is likely the result of oxidation reactions of hypochlorous acid with a range of biological molecules.

Chlorine

1 x 10 ^-1 mg/kg-day

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

No indication of carcinogenicity (not listed by IARC). (L135)

The principal targets of exposure to chlorine gas are the respiratory airways and the eyes. Exposure to chlorine gas can lead to mild irritation of the nose, eye irritation and headache and throat irritation. Pulmonary edema and hypoxia can follow and further increase capillary permeability. Further complications can lead to pneumonia and even death. The principal targets of exposure to aqueous chlorine are the upper gastrointestinal tract and the skin. Ingestion of chlorine can lead to esophageal and gastric mucosal erosions, perforations at the gastroesophageal junction, and extensive necrosis of adjacent soft tissue. (L245)

Serious by all routes of exposure.

inhalation, skin and/or eye contact

Inhalation is the main route of chlorine gas exposure. Contact with the escaping gas may cause frost bite.Compressed liquid can cause frostbite and/or chemical burns to the eyes and skin. Significant skin absorption or ingestion is unlikely. Chlorine is a gas at room temperature, making ingestion an unlikely route of exposure.

Inhalation (L247) ; dermal (L247)

Cough. Sore throat. Shortness of breath. Wheezing. Laboured breathing. Symptoms may be delayed.

ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE. Redness. Burning sensation. Pain. Skin burns.

Watering of the eyes. Redness. Pain. Burns.

Burning of eyes, nose, mouth; lacrimation (discharge of tears), rhinorrhea (discharge of thin nasal mucus); cough, choking, substernal (occurring beneath the sternum) pain; nausea, vomiting; headache, dizziness; syncope; pulmonary edema; pneumonitis; hypoxemia (reduced O2 in the blood); dermatitis; liquid: frostbite

- Mild to moderate: Burning discomfort, spasmodic blinking (blepharospasm) or involuntary closing of the eyelids, redness, inflammation of the eye’s membranes (conjunctivitis), and tear production (lacrimation).

- Severe: Corneal burns leading to cell death (necrosis) and tissue damage (ulceration).

- Exposure to escaping liquid chlorine may result in frostbite injury and/or chemical burns.

- Chlorine is present as a gas at room temperature, so ingestion is unlikely.

- Lung injury may progress over hours to days; lung collapse may occur.

- Mild to moderate: Rapid onset of eye, nose, and throat irritation; immediate coughing spasms and choking sensation; retching and vomiting (emesis) of stomach contents that may smell like chlorine; hoarseness or complete loss of voice (aphonia) often seen; high-pitched sounds caused by narrowing of the upper airway (stridor); severe chest discomfort; narrowing of the lower airways is an early and prominent effect of exposure; patient/victim describes the sensation of feeling smothered (suffocation); symptoms and signs of accumulation of fluid in the lung (pulmonary edema) may appear within 2 to 4 hours.

- Severe: Sudden death can occur due to critical narrowing of the upper airway; severe difficulty breathing or shortness of breath (dyspnea), so prominent that the patient/victim may refuse to move; copious secretions from nose and mouth (nasopharynx) and airways (tracheobronchial tree) (up to 1 L per hour); pulmonary edema may appear within 30 to 60 minutes.

- Mild to moderate: Irritation, burning pain, inflammation, and blisters (vesication).

- Severe: Severe chemical burns leading to cell death (necrosis) and tissue damage (ulceration).

- Exposure to liquefied (compressed) chlorine can result in frostbite injury and/or chemical burns.

If inhaled, chlorine can trigger cough, substernal pain, respiratory distress, shortness of breath, and wheezing. Symptoms may be delayed. Nausea and vomiting are reflex in origin, and headache and loss of consciousness are probably due to the hypoxia caused by pulmonary edema. Dermal contact can lead to redness, pain, and redness of the exposed surface. Eye contact can lead to watering of the eyes. (L245, L247)

Dermal (Skin), Gastrointestinal (Stomach and Intestines, part of the digestive system), Respiratory (From the Nose to the Lungs)

Eyes, skin, respiratory system

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Chronic Bronchitis - Chronic bronchitis is persistent coughing and production of phlegm for at least 3 months out of the year for at least two successive years. (American Thoracic Society).

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

Fibrogenic - Inducing tissue injury and fibrosis (scarring).

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

ATSDR Final

IRIS Current

LC50 (rat) = 293 ppm/1 hr

Coughing and vomiting may occur at 30 ppm and lung damage at 60 ppm. About 1000 ppm can be fatal after a few deep breaths of the gas.

LC50 mouse inhalation 137 ppm/1 hr

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Concentration: 0.097 mg/L for 30 min /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Concentration: 0.063 mg/L for 60 min /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LC50; Species: Gambusia affinis; Concentration: 1.59 mg/L for 30 min /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LC50; Species: Gambusia affinis; Concentration: 0.84 mg/L for 60 min /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for CHLORINE (26 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Chlorine (Cl) is a highly toxic, widely used halogen disinfectant that is present in point-source pollution discharges from wastewater treatment plants and industrial facilities. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency freshwater criteria for Cl are 19 ug total residual Cl (TRC)/L as a maximum 1-hr average concentration and 11 ug TRC/L as a maximum 4-day average; however, toxicological data for unionids were not used in these calculations. To address this void in the data, /the authors/ conducted acute tests with glochidia from several species and 21-day bioassays with three-month-old Epioblasma capsaeformis and three-, six-, and 12-month-old Villosa iris juveniles. The 24-hr LC50 values for glochidia were between 70 and 220 ug TRC/L, which are 2.5 to 37 times higher than those reported in other studies for cladocerans. Significant declines in growth and survivorship were observed in the 21-day test with E. capsaeformis at 20 ug TRC/L. Lowest-observed-adverse-effects concentrations in bioassays with juvenile V. iris were higher (30-60 ug TRC/L) but showed a significant trend of declining toxicity with increased age. Although endpoints were above water quality criteria, the long life spans of unionids and potential implications of chronic exposure to endangered juvenile mussels still warrant concern.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ ... Two 2 week tests beginning with 16 to 24 hr old Daphnia magna /were conducted/. Flow through tests were conducted with nominal sewage concentrations of 1.2 to 20%; untreated Lake Superior water was the dilution water. The secondary sewage was chlorinated just before entering the diluter systems, and the probable predominant form of total residual chlorine was monochloramine. The total residual chlorine concentrations ranged from control to 114 ug/L in one test and control to 136 ug/L in the second. Daphnids did not survive the 2 week exposure to the three highest chlorinated effluent concentrations (14 to 114 ug/L in the first test and 7 to 136 ug/L in the second). Daphnids that survived to adulthood reproduced successfully. In the first test, therefore, the lowest unacceptable concentration was 4 ug/L resulting in a chronic value 7.483 ug/L for that test. The results of the second test are more difficult to interpret. At the test concentration of 7 ug/L all daphnids died in seven days in both test chambers. At the next lower concentration of 2 ug/L all daphnids died in one test chamber in seven days, but 50% of the daphnids in the duplicate chamber survived and reproduced successfully. Two of the four controls from both tests had survival as low as 70%. /Chlorinated water/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The presence of carcinogenic and mutagenic chemicals in the effluent of a wastewater treatment plant was indicated by papilloma development in caged bullhead catfish (Ictalurus melas), hepatic enzyme induction in exposed fish, and Ames test mutagenicity of organic extracts of wastewater. ... Mutagenic and carcinogenic chemicals were not identified in the wastewater, but chlorination was implicated as a factor contributing to the induction of papillomas. The prevalence of papillomas on wild black bullheads exposed to the effluent decreased from 73 to 23% after the amount of residual chlorine in the effluent leaving the chlorine contact chamber was reduced from 1.3-3.1 mg/L to 0.25-1.2 mg/L. /Chlorinated water/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Estuarine water was chlorinated to 10 mg/L, aged 10-35 days and then used as growth medium for three phytoplankton species, Thalassiosira pseudonana, Dunaliella species, Isochrysis galbana. Total residual chlorine compounds were undetectable in the chlorinated water; two species did not grow even after the water had been aged 35 days. A more resistant species grew in chlorinated water aged 23 or 35 days but did not grow in water aged 10 days. All three species grew well in the same water that had not been chlorinated. /Chlorinated water/

For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CHLORINE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1.80e-01

7.80e-01

1.50e-01

6.40e-01

3.00e-01

4.0E+03(G)

1.50e-04

2.00e+00

1.00e-01

1.45e-04

Volatile

2.78e+03

5.50e-01

2.30e+00

4.50e-01

1.90e+00

9.10e-01

4.0E+03 (G)

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

Chlorine's production and use in the manufacture of chemicals, as an oxidizing and bleaching agent, and as a water disinfectant may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Scientists have proposed that minute quantities of chlorine are generated naturally during the photolysis of seawater aerosols. Volcanic gases can contain free chlorine gas. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 5850 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates chlorine will exist solely as a gas in the atmosphere. Gas-phase chlorine is removed from air primarily by direct photolysis with an estimated half-life of 1-4 hours, depending on the time of the day. Chlorine is also expected to react with cloud particulates and rain drops that it comes into contact with in the atmosphere, forming hydrochloric and hypochlorous acids. These acids can then be washed out of the atmosphere by precipitation. If released to soil in a spill situation as a liquid, chlorine will react with both organic and inorganic matter in the soil and much of the chlorine is expected to volatilize immediately. Chlorine is expected to dissolve and disproportionate in the water of moist soils to form chloride and hypochlorite. Chlorine is toxic to microbial communities; therefore, biodegradation is not considered to be a relevant fate process in soil and water. If released into water, chlorine gas dissolves and then undergoes a disproportionation within seconds at environmental pH to form hydrochloric and hypochlorous acid. Under acidic conditions (pH <4.5), the formation of molecular chlorine is possible. Volatilization of molecular chlorine from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 0.0104 atm-cu m/mole. Chlorine is not expected to bioaccumulate or bioconcentrate in plants or animals since it reacts with the moist tissues of living systems. In water chlorine/hypochlorite undergoes direct photolysis with an estimated half-life of 1-4 hours, depending on the time of the day. Occupational exposure to chlorine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where chlorine is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to chlorine via inhalation and dermal contact as a result of an accident involving chlorine that occurs nearby, such as a liquid chlorine spill, a leak from a chlorine tank, or a leak from a facility that produces or uses chlorine. Individuals may be exposed to chlorine upon mixing a cleaning product that contains an acid with a solution containing sodium hypochlorite (bleach). The misuse of swimming pool chemicals may also potentially expose the general population to chlorine. The general public is not exposed to molecular chlorine in drinking water as a result of water sanitation practices, even though chlorine gas may be used in these processes. Because chlorine is so reactive in water and air, it is not normally detected in the environment except for very low levels in the air above seawater. (SRC)

Scientists have proposed that minute quantities of chlorine are generated naturally during the photolysis of seawater aerosols(1). Volcanic gases can contain free chlorine gas(2).

Chlorine's production and use in the manufacture of chemicals, as an oxidizing and bleaching agent, and as a water disinfectant(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

The most important manmade emissions of chlorine are from processes involving the production, transportation, and use of chlorine ...

TERRESTRIAL FATE: If liquid chlorine is spilled onto soil, it will react with both organic and inorganic mater in the soil; however, much of the chlorine is expected to volatilize immediately(1). Chlorine is expected to dissolve and disproportionate in the water of moist soils to form chloride and hypochlorite(1). Chlorine in a gas cloud is expected to react with soil surfaces that it comes into contact with(1). Chlorine is toxic to microbial communities; therefore, biodegradation is not considered to be a relevant fate process(1).

AQUATIC FATE: Chlorine gas released into water first dissolves and then undergoes a disproportionation within seconds at environmental pH to form hydrochloric and hypochlorous acid(1,2). Under acidic conditions (pH <4.5), the formation of molecular chlorine is possible(2). Volatilization of molecular chlorine from water surfaces is expected to occur rapidly(2,3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 0.0104 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(4). Chlorine is toxic to microbial communities; therefore, biodegradation is not considered to be a relevant fate process(2). The hypochlorous acid formed during the disproportionation of chlorine in natural waters reacts with organic and inorganic materials, ultimately forming chloride, oxidized inorganics, chloramines, trihalomethanes, oxygen, and nitrogen(2). Chlorine is not expected to bioaccumulate or bioconcentrate in plants or animals since it reacts with the moist tissues of living systems(1,5). In water chlorine/hypochlorite undergoes direct photolysis with an estimated half-life of 1-4 hours, depending on the time of the day(5).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), chlorine, which has a vapor pressure of 5850 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase chlorine is removed from air primarily by direct photolysis(3-5). At tropospheric wavelengths the gas-phase chlorine molecule (Cl-Cl) undergoes photodissociation, forming two chlorine radicals, which abstract a hydrogen atom from any available organic molecule to form hydrochloric acid(4). A lifetime of 7.3 hours was reported for the photolysis of chlorine, based on a measured rate constant of 2.3X10-3/second(4). In the atmosphere chlorine/hypochlorite undergoes photolysis with an estimated half-life of 1-4 hours, depending on the time of the day(6). Chlorine is also expected to react with cloud particulates and rain drops that it comes into contact with in the atmosphere, forming hydrochloric and hypochlorous acids(3). These acids can then be washed out of the atmosphere by precipitation(3).

Chlorine gas released into water first dissolves and then undergoes a disproportionation within seconds at environmental pH to form hydrochloric (H+ + Cl-) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl)(1,2). The equilibrium that exists between hypochlorous acid and the hypochlorite anion is controlled by the pH of the water(2). As the pH is lowered to 4, the equilibrium begins to shift, and small amounts of chlorine are present; at pH below 2, chlorine becomes the dominant species(2). Therefore, molecular chlorine will be formed in chlorinated water (containing hypochlorous acid) that has been made very acidic. Under these conditions, chlorine is expected to react rapidly with both organic and inorganic matter that it comes into contact with in the water(2). Chlorine is removed from air primarily by direct photolysis(3,4). At tropospheric wavelengths the chlorine molecule (Cl2) undergoes photodissociation, forming two chlorine radicals, which abstract a hydrogen atom from any available organic molecule to form hydrochloric acid(1). A mean lifetime of 7.3 hours was reported for the photolysis of chlorine, based on a measured rate constant of 2.3X10-3/second(3). The rate of direct photolysis is dependent upon the intensity of sunlight, and therefore, factors such as time of year, geographic location, and time of day affect the photolysis rate(2). In water and in the atmosphere chlorine/hypochlorite undergoes photolysis with an estimated half-life of 1-4 hours,depending on the time of the day(5). It is generally concluded that the photodissociation rate of chlorine gas is rapid under both winter and summer sunlight conditions(2).

Chlorine is not expected to bioaccumulate or bioconcentrate in plants or animals since it reacts with the moist tissues of living systems(1,2).

The Henry's Law constant for chlorine is 0.0104 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that chlorine is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 2.5 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 3.4 days(SRC). However, chlorine hydrolyzes rapidly and almost completely in water to form hydrochloric acid, hypochlorous acid, and hypochlorite with the speciation dependent on pH(3). Free chlorine exists at pHs below 4.5; percent increases as the pH decreases below pH 4.5(3). At environmental pHs of 5-9, the percent of free chlorine is nearly zero(3) which would minimize volatilization from water(SRC). Chlorine's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur assuming free chlorine exists(SRC). Chlorine is a gas with a vapor pressure of 5850 mm Hg at 25 °C and atmospheric pressure(4), and therefore, is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC).

Chlorine (Cl2) concentrations were <0.2 ppm in flue gases from a municipal incinerator(1).

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Product: Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Do not discharge effluent containing this product into lakes, streams, ponds, estuaries, oceans or other waters unless in accordance with the requirements of a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit and the permitting authority has been notified in writing prior to discharge.

/Dispose the contents of a/ leaking cylinder to a safe out-of-doors area or a hood with forced ventilation. Attach an appropriate control valve provided with a trap or check valve and a long piece of flexible hose connected to the valve outlet. Discharge the gas at a moderate rate into an adequate amount of about 15% aqueous sodium hydroxide or other alkali in a suitable container. When all the gas has been discharged, close the cylinder valve, and transport the resulting salt solution to the plant treating unit for neutralization and disposal. The cylinder should be tagged as defective and returned to the supplier according to /their/ directions.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY.

Table: Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Chlorine ID: 1017 [Table#800]

Table: Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances For Different Quantities in Chlorine: Large Spills ID:1017 [Table#801]

/GUIDE 124 GASES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE - OXIDIZING/ Fire or Explosion: Substance does not burn but will support combustion. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. These are strong oxidizers and will react vigorously or explosively with many materials including fuels. May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Some will react violently with air, moist air and/or water. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release toxic and/or corrosive gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket.

/GUIDE 124 GASES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE - OXIDIZING/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for CHLORINE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1017; Chlorine

IMO 2.3; Chlorine

49 041 20; Chlorine

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Chlorine is included on the dangerous goods list.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Chlorine is included on the dangerous goods list.

Poison Gas Oxidizer Corrosive

Special insulated cylinder. Marine pollutant.

Symbol: T, N; R: 23-36/37/38-50; S: (1/2)-9-45-61

UN Hazard Class: 2.3; UN Subsidiary Risks: 5.1 and 8