arsenichydride

H220: Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H373 **: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P222, P260, P271, P273, P280, P284, P304+P340, P316, P319, P320, P377, P381, P391, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H220 (100%): Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]

H280 (92.9%): Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]

H330 (100%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H370 (32.8%): Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H373 (100%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P222, P260, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P304+P340, P308+P316, P316, P319, P320, P321, P377, P381, P391, P403, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 183 reports by companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P222, P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P304+P340, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P377, P381, P403, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P203, P210, P222, P260, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P304+P340, P316, P318, P319, P320, P377, P381, P391, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer immediately for medical attention.

ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water, do NOT remove clothes. Refer immediately for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

For information on chemical warfare blood agents see the ERG Criminal or Terrorist Use of CBR Agents. (ERG, 2024)

Warning: Effects usually appear within 30 to 60 minutes, but may be delayed for several hours. Caution is advised.

Note: Arsine is the most powerful hemolytic poison encountered in industry.

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Arsine Exposure: Acute arsine exposure may be fatal. Headache and a garlicky odor of the breath may be the first signs and symptoms noted following acute exposure to arsine. Victims may experience hypotension (low blood pressure), generalized weakness, and muscle cramping. Gastrointestinal effects include nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and abdominal pain. Urine may be colored red or green, and the volume may be reduced. Arsine is corrosive to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Severe exposure may result in cardiac abnormalities.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to arsine may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Victims must be transported to a health care facility as quickly as possible. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to arsine.

2. RUSH to a health care facility!

3. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

4. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to arsine.

4. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

5. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

6. THOROUGHLY wash exposed skin areas with water.

7. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

Ingestion Exposure: No information is available. (EPA, 1998)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· In case of contact with liquefied gas, only medical personnel should attempt thawing frosted parts.

For information on chemical warfare blood agents see the ERG Criminal or Terrorist Use of CBR Agents. (ERG, 2024)

Cool containers that are exposed to flames with water from the side until well after fire is out. Isolate for 1/2 mile in all directions if tank car or truck is involved in fire.

Let small fires burn. Use water spray, fog, or foam for large fires. For massive fire in cargo area use unmanned hose holder or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (EPA, 1998)

Shut off supply; if not possible and no risk to surroundings, let the fire burn itself out. In other cases extinguish with powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

- Arsine is flammable.

- The agent may be ignited by heat, sparks, or flames.

- Fire will produce irritating, corrosive, and/or toxic gases.

- Vapors may travel to the source of ignition and flash back.

- Do not extinguish a leaking gas fire unless the leak can be stopped.

- For small fires, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or alcohol-resistant foam.

- For large fires, use water spray, fog, or alcohol-resistant foam. Move containers from the fire area if it is possible to do so without risk to personnel. Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

- For fire involving tanks, fight the fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after the fire is out. Do not direct water at the source of the leak or at safety devices; icing may occur. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tanks. Always stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

- Run-off from fire control may cause pollution.

- If the situation allows, control and properly dispose of run-off (effluent).

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

Stop flow of gas before extinguishing fire. Approach release from upwind. Eliminate all ignition sources. Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Use water spray to cool and disperse vapors and protect personnel.

Container may explode in heat of fire. Vapor explosion and poison hazard exists indoors, outdoors, and in sewers.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors.

· If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Isolate area until gas has dispersed.

For initial isolation and protective action distances for chemical warfare blood agents see the Chemical Warfare Agents table in the ERG Criminal or Terrorist Use of CBR Agents. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 119 [Gases - Toxic - Flammable]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 2188 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.

Small spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 150 m (500 ft)

Large spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 1000 m (3000 ft)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 1.0 km (0.6 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 3.9 km (2.4 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 6.2 km (3.9 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 10.5 km (6.5 mi)

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: gas-tight chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Remove all ignition sources. NEVER direct water jet on liquid. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Cleanup methods: arsine (1-20 ppm) is removed from process ventilated exhaust air from copper electrolytic purification cells by counter-current wet scrubbing.

Cleanup methods: arsine- or phosphine-containing waste gas is purified by bubbling through an arsenic trichloride or phosphorus trichloride solution, then the treated gas is bubbled through water or an alkaline solution. The removal is complete.

Releases may require isolation or evacuation. Approach release from upwind. eliminate all ignition sources. Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Use water spray to cool and disperse vapors and protect personnel.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Arsine may be disposed of by controlled burning. When possible, cylinders should be sealed and returned to supplier.

For information on chemical warfare blood agents see the ERG Criminal or Terrorist Use of CBR Agents. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 119 [Gases - Toxic - Flammable]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof if in building. Cool. Ventilation along the floor.

Store in areas clear of food or food products and combustible materials.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

13.0 [ppm]

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

NR = Not Recommended since AEGL-2 concentrations are below sensory effect concentrations.

AEGLs Status: Final

0.015 [ppm]

0.17 [ppm]

0.50 [ppm]

0.002 mg/m³ [15 minute]

Ca C 0.002 mg/m3 [15-minute] See Appendix A

0.05 [ppm]

0.05 ppm (0.2 mg/m³)

TWA 0.05 ppm (0.2 mg/m3)

3 ppm ; A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024)

3.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: It has been reported that poisoning symptoms occur after a few hours of exposure to 3 to 10 ppm [Henderson and Haggard 1943]. It has been suggested that 1 to 10 ppm might be dangerous for a 1 hour exposure [AIHA 1965] and that 6 to 30 ppm is the maximum concentration that can be inhaled in 1 hour without serious consequences [Henderson and Haggard 1943]. It has been estimated that 1,543 ppm for 2 minutes and 62 ppm for 30 minutes are minimal disabling exposures [Gates et al. 1946].

3 ppm; NIOSH considers arsine to be a potential occupational carcinogen.

Ca [3 ppm]

See: 7784421

0.005 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA) 0.005 ppm

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

0.005 ppm as TWA

Chronic Inhalation: 0.016 mg/m3 (L134)

· DO NOT EXTINGUISH A LEAKING GAS FIRE UNLESS LEAK CAN BE STOPPED.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

Fire Involving Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

Arsine appears as a chemical warfare blood agent. It is a colorless gas with a disagreeable garlic odor. Flammable. Heavier than air. Flame easily flashes back to the source of leak. Extremely toxic by inhalation. Confirmed human carcinogen. Under prolonged exposure to fire or heat containers may rupture violently and rocket. Rate of onset: Immediate to 24 hours Persistence: Minutes to hours Odor threshold: 0.5 ppm Source/use/other hazard: Used in electronics industry; reacts with H2O (don't use H2O in fire).

CBI; Gas Vapor

Colorless gas with a mild, garlic-like odor; Note: Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS COMPRESSED LIQUEFIED GAS WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless gas with a mild, garlic-like odor.

Colorless gas with a mild, garlic-like odor. [Note: Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas.]

Colorless gas.

Colorless gas

Colorless gas ... [Note: Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas].

Disagreeable garlic odor

-80.4 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

-62.5 °C

-62.5 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-179 °F (EPA, 1998)

Flammable gas

NA (Gas)

20 cc/100 cc (NTP, 1992)

In water, 28 mg/100 mL at 20 °C

Slightly soluble in alcohol and alkalies

Soluble in chloroform and benzene

Solubility in water, ml/100ml at 20 °C: 20 (very slightly soluble)

1.689 at 185 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink

3.186 g/L (gas)

1.689 at 185 °F

3.186 @25 °C

2.69(relative gas density)

2.66 to 2.695 (EPA, 1998) (Relative to Air)

2.66 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.7

greater than 1 atm (EPA, 1998)

Vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg at -142.6 °C (solid); 10 mm Hg at -124.7 °C (solid); 40 mm Hg at -110.2 °C; 100 mm Hg at -98.0 °C; 400 mm Hg at -75.2 °C.

11,000 mm Hg at 20 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 1043

14.9 atm at 70 °F

(70 °F): 14.9 atm

On exposure to light, moist arsine decomposes quickly depositing shiny black arsenic

Ships carrying ferrosilicon which is used in the iron industry, should follow established safety regulations. When this product is exposed to extreme dampness, toxic amt of arsine gas as well as phosphine are emitted.

Thermally unstable.

When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of /arsenic/.

Decomposition product: arsenic when arsine is heated to decomposition point; arsenic when arsine is exposed to light.

Highly flammable. On exposure to light, decomposes rapidly depositing shiny black arsenic.

Reducing Agents, Strong

Highly Flammable

Strong Reducing Agent

Water-Reactive

ARSINE decomposes into its elements (arsenic, gaseous hydrogen) when heated to 300 °C. Can form accidentally by the reaction of arsenic impurities with mineral acids (hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid) in the presence of common metals (iron, zinc). A reducing agent---not oxidized by air at room temperature [Kirk-Othmer, 3rd ed., Vol. 3, 1978, p. 251], but may react vigorously with other oxidizing agents [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 279]. Moderately explosive in combination with chlorine or nitric acid. When heated to decomposition or ignited, it emits highly toxic fumes of metallic arsenic.

Occupational exposure: there is a high potential for generation of arsine gas when inorganic arsenic is exposed to nascent (freshly formed) molecular hydrogen.

Strong oxidizers, chlorine, nitric acid [Note: Decomposes above 446 °F. There is a high potential for the generation of arsine gas when inorganic arsenic is exposed to nascent (freshly formed) hydrogen.]

Moderately explosive when exposed to /chloride, nitric acid, (potassium + ammonia)/ open flame, or powerful shock.

IDENTIFICATION: Arsine is a colorless, extremely flammable gas with a garlic odor. The gas is heavier than air and accumulates close to the surface, which makes distant ignition possible in the presence of flame or spark. Arsine is extensively used in the semiconductor industry for epitaxial growth of gallium arsenide, as a doping agent for silicon based solid state electronic devices and the manufacture of light emitting diodes. HUMAN EXPOSURE: In humans arsine is absorbed via the lungs and mucosal surface of the respiratory tract. After exposure, the concentration of arsine increases rapidly in blood, whereas the distribution to the liver, kidneys and other organs is much slower. In humans, arsine is metabolized to trivalent and pentavalent arsenic. Trivalent arsenic is methylated to monomethylarsonate and dimethylarsinate. Arsine metabolites are mainly excreted via urine. Arsine in humans induces hemolysis with an increase in plasma hemoglobin, iron and potassium and subsequent anemia and kidney damage. No reliable information is available on exposure levels at which these effects occur. Myocardial and pulmonary failures are other causes of death. Severe liver lesions are rare. Anemia is observed accompanied by Heinz-Ehrlich corpuscles and increased leukocytosis. Hemoglobin, hemosiderin, erythrocytes, proteins and casts, found in urine. There are no data on the carcinogenicity or mutagenicity of arsine in humans. ANIMAL STUDIES: In animals, arsine is absorbed via the lungs and respiratory tract. In animals exposed to arsine, the concentration of arsine increases rapidly in blood, whereas distribution to liver, kidneys and lungs and other organs is much slower. In animals, arsine is metabolized to trivalent and pentavalent arsenic. Trivalent arsenic is methylated to monomethylarsonate and dimethylarsinate. These metabolites are mainly excreted via urine. The acute toxicity of arsine in different species is high. Inhalation of arsine by mice caused an increase in the relative spleen weight and a decrease in hematocrit. Histopathological changes observed included hemosiderosis and extramedullary hematopoietic activity in the spleen. Repeated exposure to arsine caused persistent splenomegaly and slight suppression of bone marrow erythroid precursors in rats, mice and Syrian Golden hamsters. Methemoglobinemia was noted in mice. In one study arsine did not induce developmental toxicity in mice or rats. There are no data on the carcinogenicity or mutagenicity in animals.

Arsine enters the bloodstream and crosses the alveolo-capillary membrane into red blood cells. Here it preferentially binds to hemoglobin and is oxidized to an arsenic dihydride intermediate and elemental arsenic, both of which are hemolytic agents. Arsine also depletes the reduced glutathione content of the red blood cells, resulting in the oxidation of sulfhydryl groups in hemoglobin and red cell membranes. These effects produce membrane instability, resulting in hemolysis. Arsine may also inhibit catalase, which leads to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. This destroys red cell membranes and may contribute to arsine-induced conversion of Fe+2 to Fe+3, which also impairs oxygen transport. (L11)

Hematologic

5 x 10 ^-5 mg/m^3

Classification of carcinogenicity: 1) evidence in humans: sufficient; 2) evidence in animals: limited. Overall summary evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans is Group 1: Carcinogenic to humans. NOTE: This evaluation applies to the group of chemicals as a whole and not necessarily to all individual chemicals within the group. /Arsenic and arsenic compounds/

CLASSIFICATION: A; human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Based on sufficient evidence from human data. An increased lung cancer mortality was observed in multiple human populations exposed primarily through inhalation. Also, increased mortality from multiple internal organ cancers (liver, kidney, lung, and bladder) and an increased incidence of skin cancer were observed in populations consuming drinking water high in inorganic arsenic. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Sufficient. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. /Inorganic Arsenic/ /based on former classification system/

1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

Arsine exposure causes haemolytic anaemia, polyneuropathy, hypotension, and damage to the lungs, kidneys, liver, nervous system, heart, and blood-forming organs. (L11)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

inhalation, skin and/or eye contact (liquid)

Arsine (SA) can be absorbed into the body by inhalation. Ingestion is unlikely because arsine (SA) is a gas at room temperature. Metal arsenides are solids that can be ingested; they can react with stomach acids to release arsine (SA) gas. Information is limited about absorption of arsine (SA) through, or arsine’s (SA) toxic effects on, the skin or eyes.

Inhalation

Abdominal pain. Confusion. Dizziness. Headache. Nausea. Shortness of breath. Vomiting. Weakness. Symptoms may be delayed.

ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE.

headache, malaise (vague feeling of discomfort), lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), dizziness; dyspnea (breathing difficulty); abdominal, back pain; nausea, vomiting; bronze skin; hematuria (blood in the urine); jaundice; peripheral neuropathy; liquid: frostbite; [potential occupational carcinogen]

- Contact with the eyes does not normally result in whole-body (systemic) toxicity.

- Contact with liquefied gas can produce frostbite.

- Arsine (SA) is present as a gas at room temperature, so ingestion is unlikely.

- Ingestion of metal arsenides can lead to arsine (SA) gas production and toxicity.

- Mild to moderate initial (pre-hemolysis) symptoms: Headache, indefinite feeling of weakness (malaise), thirst (polydipsia), shivering, dizziness, nausea, vomiting (emesis), crampy abdominal pain, difficulty breathing or shortness of breath (dyspnea), possible garlic odor on the breath, and possible red staining of the membranes of the eye (conjunctiva).

- Severe initial (pre-hemolysis) symptoms: Delayed accumulation of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema), delayed central nervous system (CNS) disorders, low blood pressure (hypotension), muscle pain, and cramps.

- As destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis) ensues: Generalized weakness (malaise), headache, shivering, thirst (polydipsia), abdominal pain, muscle cramps, possible low blood pressure (hypotension), loss of appetite (anorexia), nausea, sometimes vomiting (emesis), hemoglobin in the urine (hemoglobinuria) usually within hours, bronze coloration of the skin, and yellowish pigmentation of the skin and tissues (jaundice) within 1 or 2 days.

- Contact with the skin does not normally result in whole-body (systemic) toxicity.

The first signs of arsine exposure are difficultly breathing, headaches, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, skin discoloration, and haemoglobinuria. (L11)

Blood, kidneys, liver

[lung & lymphatic cancer]

Nephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting.

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

Hemolytic anemia - Decreased hemoglobin or number of red blood cells.

WHO= 0.002 mg/kg /Inorganic arsenic cmpd, as As; from table/

IRIS Current

LC50 (rat) = 390 mg/m3/10 min

LD50: 2.5 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (T35)

LC50: 20 ppm over 1 hour (Inhalation, Rat) (L1853)

A concentration of 500 ppm is lethal after exposure of a few minutes.

LC50 Mouse inhalation 0.67 mg/kg/2.4 min (or 0.5 mg/L/2.4 min)

LD50 Mouse ip 2.5 mg/kg

There is no antidote for arsine. Treatment is symptomatic and consists of measures to support respiratory, vascular, and renal function. Whole blood transfusions may be effective if significant haemolysis has occurred. (L11)

In this study the effect of sulfur, sulfur compounds, thiol-containing compounds, and thiol inhibitors on AsH(3)-induced disruption of membrane transport and hemolysis in human erythrocytes was investigated in vitro. Elemental sulfur, sodium thiosulfate, 5, 5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid were successful in delaying hemolysis, but the most successful agent was the sulfhydryl inhibitor, N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). This indicated that sulfhydryl groups, possibly membrane sulfhydryls, are major factors in the hemolytic mechanism of AsH(3). Measuring intracellular ion concentrations tested the effect of NEM on AsH(3)-induced disruption of membrane transport. AsH(3) alone caused all ions tested to flow with their concentration gradients: Intracellular K+ and Mg++ decreased, whereas Na+, Cl-, and Ca++ increased. NEM was unable to prevent ion loss except for Ca++, whose increase was prevented for 1 hr after AsH(3) treatment. The influx of Ca++ in AsH(3)-treated erythrocytes is an irreversible event leading to hemolysis. Reduction of oxygenated hemoglobin to carboxyhemoglobin completely inhibited AsH(3)-induced hemolysis. In addition, AsH(3) and NEM had no direct chemical interactions. We concluded that membrane sulfhydryl groups are likely targets of AsH(3) toxicity, with NEM being able to prevent AsH(3)-induced hemolysis.

The treatment of choice for acute arsine poisoning is exchange transfusion, & hemodialysis in the event of renal failure. Chelation therapy with BAL affords no protection against red cell destruction.

Because the hemoglobin-arsine complex cannot be dialyzed, exchange transfusion is recommended in severe cases; forced alkaline diuresis also may be employed. Dimercaprol has no effect on the hemolysis, & beneficial effects on renal function have not been established; it is thus not recommended.

2.70e-01

4.10e+00

5.20e-02

2.20e-01

7.00e-02

1.00e+01

Volatile

8.20e-01

1.20e+01

1.60e-01

6.60e-01

2.10e-01

It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

... IN LEAD REFINING & IN PURIFICATION OF TIN. ... /ALSO/ DURING CYANIDE EXTRACTION OF GOLD ... AND EVEN FROM MISHANDLING OF ARSENICAL INSECTICIDES.

Due to a number of acute arsine poisonings in ... zinc metallurgic plants, the environmental concentration of arsenic compounds were determined. In ... zinc metallurgy, the highest arsine concentration can occur: a) during zinc refining in the furnace ... b) during the refining furnace repair because of melting loss wetting. ... The high lead concentration at some work posts, both due to the multiple exceeding of the hygienic standard, and the simultaneous occurrence of lead and arsenic, ... create a potential possibility of forming more toxic compound, eg lead arsenide. In view of the carcinogenic exposure, it is important to take into account the possibility of interaction between arsenic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which occur during coke dry degassing.

Arsine may be stable enough to undergo long range atmospheric transport, especially at night-time, based on laboratory observations(1).

Rapid hydrolysis in water to arsenic acids and hydrides.

Arsine was present in sewage sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Ruhrgebiet, Germany at a concentration of 0.76 ng/L. The compound was produced by pure cultures of anaerobic sewage sludge micorflora Methanobacterium formicicum, Methanosarcina, and Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum; amounts of volatile arsine were 0.06-9.6, 0.2-1.0, and 0.073-12.6 ng, respectively(1).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of arsine is 1 to 99; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 3,933 workers (1,254 of these are female) are potentially exposed to arsine(1). Occupational exposure to arsine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where arsine is produced or used(SRC).

Arsine was detected, not quantified in submarine bathospheres(1).

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE: INDUSTR LEAD-ACID BATTERY (5 KWHR) HAS BEEN FOUND TO GENERATE SIGNIFICANT AMT OF STIBINE & ARSINE DURING EQUALIZATION & OVERCHARGE.

For more Probable Routes of Human Exposure (Complete) data for ARSINE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Arsine may be disposed of by controlled burning. When possible, cylinders should be sealed and returned to supplier.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY. /Arsine/

Table: Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Arsine [Table#1395]

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY. /SA (when used as a weapon)/

Table: Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for SA (when used as a weapon) [Table#1396]

/GUIDE 119: GASES - TOXIC - FLAMMABLE/ Fire or Explosion: Flammable; may be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. May form explosive mixtures with air. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Some of these materials may react violently with water. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release toxic and flammable gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

/GUIDE 119: GASES - TOXIC - FLAMMABLE/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ARSINE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2188; Arsine

IMO 2.3; Arsine

49 201 35; Arsine

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Poison Gas Flammable Gas

UN Hazard Class: 2.3; UN Subsidiary Risks: 2.1