Sodium Arsenite

H300+H310 (28.5%): Fatal if swallowed or in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal]

H300 (66.4%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H301+H311+H331 (16.1%): Toxic if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H301+H311 (14.6%): Toxic if swallowed or in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal]

H301 (71.5%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310 (67.2%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H311 (54%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H331 (100%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H350 (98.5%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H400 (84.7%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (98.5%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P318, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 137 reports by companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P337+P317, P361+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: Some heavy metals are VERY TOXIC POISONS, especially if their salts are very soluble in water (e.g., lead, chromium, mercury, bismuth, osmium, and arsenic). IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center and locate activated charcoal, egg whites, or milk in case the medical advisor recommends administering one of them. Also locate Ipecac syrup or a glass of salt water in case the medical advisor recommends inducing vomiting. Usually, this is NOT RECOMMENDED outside of a physician's care. If advice from a physician is not readily available and the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give the victim a glass of activated charcoal slurry in water or, if this is not available, a glass of milk, or beaten egg whites and IMMEDIATELY transport victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, assure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Sodium arsenite, solid/

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Arsenical cmpd, liquid, NOS/

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Arsenical cmpd, solid, NOS/

Personnel protection: ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Arsenical cmpd, solid, NOS/

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

· For solids, prevent dust cloud and avoid inhalation of dust.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Vacuum spilled material with specialist equipment. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable, plastic containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents.

Water spill: Add calcium hypochlorite. Neutralize with agricultural lime, crushed limestone, or sodium bicarbonate. Add ferric chloride. Adjust pH to neutral (pH 7). Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors.

Prompt cleanup and removal are necessary. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for SODIUM ARSENITE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Storage: To convert the gas-cleaning residues obtained during the metallurgical processing of arsenic-containing ores into a portable and less water-soluble form, the metals are precipitated as hydroxides by using an excess of lime water and the arsenic is precipitated as calcium arsenate and calcium arsenite. This "arsenic sludge" is recycled, on the one hand, in order not to lose the valuable metals, and on the other, in order to reduce the problem of arsenic sludge disposal. Arsenic trioxide is removed from waste gases by means of electrostatic separators (efficiency 70-90%) or bag filters (efficiency up to 99%). Bag filters, however, require twice to three times as much energy as electrostatic separators. The following storage possibilities are available today for arsenic residues that cannot be recycled immediately or at all /hazardous waste landfill/.

Chemical Treatability of Arsenic; Concentration Process: Chemical Precipitation; Chemical Classification: Metal; Scale of Study: Pilot Scale; Type of Wastewater Used: Domestic Wastewater + Pure Compound; Results of Study: 5ppm @ 4gpm @ pH= 7.0. Iron system-90% reduction; low lime system-80% reduction; high lime system-76% reduction; (3 coagulant systems were used; Iron system used 45 ppm as Fe of Fe2(SO4)3 @ pH= 6.0. Low lime system used 20 ppm Fe of Fe2(SO4)3 and 260 ppm of CaO @ pH= 10.0. High lime system used 600 ppm of CaO @ pH= 11.5. Chemical coagulation was followed by multimedia filtration). /Arsenic cmpd/

Chemical Treatability of Arsenic; Concentration Process: Chemical Precipitation; Chemical Classification: Metal; Scale of Study: Full Scale Continuous Flow; Type of Wastewater Used: Domestic Wastewater; Results of Study: Effluent character (ppb): 2.5, 56% reduction with lime; 3.3, 24% reduction with lime; (lime dose of 350-400 ppm as calcium oxide @ pH= 11.3). /Arsenic cmpd/

If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. /Sodium arsenite, solid/

Personnel protection: Keep upwind. Avoid breathing dusts, and fumes from burning material. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. /Sodium arsenite, solid/

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for SODIUM ARSENITE (23 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Well closed. Dry. Separated from acids, strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs.

STORAGE: CONTAINERS MUST BE AIR-TIGHT.

Protect container against physical damage. Store in well ventilated area away from food or food products and combustible materials. /Inorganic arsenic cmpd/

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Inorganic arsenic plus methylated metabolites in urine = 35 ug As/L; end of workweek;

0.91 [mg/m3]

10 [mg/m3]

100 [mg/m3]

0.01 [mg/m3], as As

5.0 [mg/m3], as As

5 mg/cu m (as AS); NIOSH considers arsenic (inorganic cmpd, as As) to be a potential occupational carcinogen. /Arsenic (inorganic cmpd, as As)/

8 hr Time weighted Avg (TWA) 0.01 mg/cu m /Arsenic and inorganic cmpd, as As/

A1: Confirmed human carcinogen. /Arsenic and inorganic cmpd, as As/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Arsenic and inorganic compounds, as As/

BEI (Biological Exposure Index): Determinant: Inorganic arsenic plus methylated metabolites in urine; Sampling Time: end of workweek; BEI: 35 ug As/L. The determinant may be present in biological specimens collected from subjects who have not been occupationally exposed, at a concentration which could affect interpretation of the result. Such background concentrations are incorporated in the BEI value. /Arsenic, elemental and soluble inorganic cmpd/

(as As): 0.01 mg/m

(inhalable fraction): 0.01 mg/m

skin absorption (H); carcinogen category: 1; germ cell mutagen group: 3A.

Acute Oral: 0.005 mg/kg/day (L134)

Chronic Oral: 0.0003 mg/kg/day (L134)

Chronic Inhalation: 0.01 mg/m3 (L134)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the cardiovascular system, nervous system, gastrointestinal tract and kidneys. This may result in severe gastroenteritis, loss of fluids and electrolytes, kidney impairment, cardiac disorders, collapse and shock. Exposure could cause death. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis and pigmentation disorders. The substance may have effects on the peripheral nervous system, cardiovascular system, bone marrow, kidneys, liver and mucous membranes. This may result in neuropathy, cardiovascular disorders, lesions of blood cells, kidney impairment, cirrhosis and perforation of the nasal septum. This substance is carcinogenic to humans. Animal tests show that this substance possibly causes toxicity to human reproduction or development.

Tolerances for total residues of combined arsenic (calculated as As) in food are established as follows: (a) In edible tissues & in eggs of chickens & turkeys: 0.5 ppm in uncooked muscle tissue; 2 ppm in uncooked edible by-products; & 0.5 ppm in eggs. (b) In edible tissues of swine: 2 ppm in uncooked liver & kidney; 0.5 ppm in uncooked muscle tissue & by-products other than liver & kidney. /Arsenic/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Workers should be supplied with suitable protective clothing, protective boots and when there is a risk that the exposure limit for airborne arsenic will be exceeded, respiratory protective equipment. /Arsenic cmpd/

Sodium arsenite, aqueous solution appears as an aqueous solution of a solid. Toxic by ingestion, inhalation or skin absorption. Used as an antiseptic, in insecticides and herbicides, to preserve hides and in making dyes.

White or gray-white solid, soluble in water and absorbs CO2; [Hawley]

WHITE OR GREY HYGROSCOPIC POWDER.

White or grayish-white powder

SALTY TASTE

Very soluble (NTP, 1992)

Freely sol in water; slightly sol in alcohol

Solubility in water: very good

1.87 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

1.87 g/cm³

1.87 @25 °C

SLOWLY CONVERTED IN SOLN TO ARSENATES BY ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN; IN DRY STATE DECOMP BY ATMOSPHERIC CO2. /ARSENITES OF ALKALI METALS/

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /arsenic and disodium oxide/.

DANGEROUS WHEN HEATED TO DECOMP ... IT EMITS TOXIC FUMES OF ARSENIC /SRP: INCLUDING ARSINE/. /ARSENIC CMPD/

Somewhat hygroscopic; absorbs CO2 from air

Arsenites are more soluble and more rapidly toxic than other forms of arsenic. /Arsenites/

ARSENITES OF ALKALI METALS ARE SLOWLY CONVERTED IN SOLN TO ARSENATES BY ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN; & DECOMPOSED BY ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE

Metals -> Arsenic Compounds, Inorganic

Carcinogens

Teratogens

Fungicides, Insecticides

Active substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approved

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Salts, Basic

Water and Aqueous Solutions

SODIUM ARSENITE solution is basic. Absorbs carbon dioxide from the air. (NTP, 1992)

... WHEN WATER SOLN OF ARSENICALS ARE IN CONTACT WITH ACTIVE METALS SUCH AS ARSENIC, IRON, ALUMINUM, ZINC, ... HIGHLY TOXIC FUMES OF ARSENIC /INCLUDING ARSINE ARE RELEASED/. /ARSENIC CMPD/

Strong oxidizers, bromide azide [Note: Hydrogen gas can react with inorganic arsenic to form the highly toxic gas arsine.] /Arsenic (inorganic compounds, as As)/

Arsenic and its metabolites disrupt ATP production through several mechanisms. At the level of the citric acid cycle, arsenic inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase and by competing with phosphate it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, thus inhibiting energy-linked reduction of NAD+, mitochondrial respiration, and ATP synthesis. Hydrogen peroxide production is also increased, which might form reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Arsenic's carginogenicity is influenced by the arsenical binding of tubulin, which results in aneuploidy, polyploidy and mitotic arrests. The binding of other arsenic protein targets may also cause altered DNA repair enzyme activity, altered DNA methylation patterns and cell proliferation. (T1, A17)

Classification of carcinogenicity: 1) evidence in humans: sufficient; 2) evidence in animals: limited. Overall summary evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans is Group 1: Carcinogenic to humans. NOTE: This evaluation applies to the group of chemicals as a whole and not necessarily to all individual chemicals within the group. /Arsenic and arsenic compounds/

CLASSIFICATION: A; human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Based on sufficient evidence from human data. An increased lung cancer mortality was observed in multiple human populations exposed primarily through inhalation. Also, increased mortality from multiple internal organ cancers (liver, kidney, lung, and bladder) and an increased incidence of skin cancer were observed in populations consuming drinking water high in inorganic arsenic. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Sufficient. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. /Inorganic Arsenic/ /Based on former classification system/

A1: Confirmed human carcinogen. /Arsenic and inorganic compounds, as As/

Evaluation: There is sufficient evidence in humans that arsenic in drinking-water causes cancers of the urinary bladder, lung and skin ... Overall evaluation: Arsenic in drinking-water is carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). /Arsenic in drinking-water/

For more Evidence for Carcinogenicity (Complete) data for SODIUM ARSENITE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

Arsenic poisoning can lead to death from multi-system organ failure, probably from necrotic cell death, not apoptosis. Arsenic is also a known carcinogen, especially in skin, liver, bladder and lung cancers. (T1, L20)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.

Oral (L2) ; inhalation (L2) ; dermal (L2)

Cough. Headache. Laboured breathing. Sore throat. See Ingestion.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal pain. Burning sensation in the throat and chest. Vomiting. Diarrhoea. Dizziness. Headache. Shock or collapse.

Exposure to lower levels of arsenic can cause nausea and vomiting, decreased production of red and white blood cells, abnormal heart rhythm, damage to blood vessels.

Chemical: SODIUM ARSENITE

Neurotoxin - Sensorimotor

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Aplastic anemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as primary toxic effect.

Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.

IARC Carcinogen - Class 1: International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies chemicals as established human carcinogens.

NTP Carcinogen - Known to be a human carcinogen.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Human.

WHO= 0.002 mg/kg /Inorganic arsenic cmpd, as As; from table/

LD50: 41 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T14)

LD50: 150 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (T14)

LD50: 1170 ug/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (T14)

LD50: 14 mg/kg (Intramuscular Mouse) (T14)

LD50: 7600 ug/kg (Intravenous, Rabbit) (T14)

LD50 Rat ip 13.39 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 11.2 ppm. /Arsenite/

LD50 Rat oral 41 mg/kg

LD50 Rat skin 150 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for SODIUM ARSENITE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Arsenic poisoning can be treated by chelation therapy, using chelating agents such as dimercaprol, EDTA or DMSA. Charcoal tablets may also be used for less severe cases. In addition, maintaining a diet high in sulfur helps eliminate arsenic from the body. (L20)

... /THE/ PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ARSENIC AGAINST SELENIUM POISONING /WAS FOUND WHEN/ SODIUM ARSENITE (5 PPM) IN DRINKING WATER REDUCED LIVER DAMAGE IN RATS ON DIET CONTAINING SELENIUM @ 15 PPM IN SELENIFEROUS WHEAT. ... SODIUM ARSENITE ... MOST EFFECTIVE IN ENHANCING BILIARY EXCRETION OF SELENIUM ... .

THE IP ADMIN OF THE SODIUM SALT OF 2,3-DIMERCAPTO-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID OR MESO-DIMERCAPTOSUCCINIC ACID (DMSA) (0.80 MMOL/KG) IMMEDIATELY AFTER AND 90 MINUTES AFTER SODIUM ARSENITE INCREASED THE LD50 OF SODIUM ARSENITE 2-FOLD, RESPECTIVELY. D-PENICILLAMINE AND N-ACETYL-DL-PENICILLAMINE DID NOT AFFECT THE LD50 UNDER THE SAME CONDITIONS. A SERIES OF POLYMERCAPTO COMPOUNDS, SOME HAVING AS MANY AS 4 MERCAPTO GROUPS PER MOLECULE, ALSO DID NOT PROTECT AGAINST SODIUM ARSENITE. THERE IS EXTENSIVE EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL INFORMATION ABOUT SODIUM SALT OF 2,3-DIMERCAPTO-1- PROPANESULFONIC ACID AND MESO-DIMERCAPOTOSUCCINIC ACID AVAILABLE IN THE SOVIET AND CHINESE LITERATURE WHERE THESE AGENTS ARE KNOWN AS UNITHIOL OR UNITHIOL AND SUCCIMER, RESPECTIVELY.

SODIUM ARSENITE (160 PPM ARSENIC) INCREASED THE INCIDENCE OF DIETHYLNITROSAMINE (30 MG/KG, IP) INITIATED KIDNEY TUMOR BY ACTING AS A PROMOTER CARCINOGEN. ARSENIC BY ITSELF DID NOT CAUSE ANY TUMORS.

meso-Dimercaptosuccinic acid, and N-(2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodium salt, and N-(2,3-dimercaptopropyl)-pthalamidic acid are water soluble analogs of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol. The relative effectiveness or therapeutic index of these dimercapto compounds in protecting mice from the lethal effects of an LD99 of sodium arsenite is meso-Dimercaptosuccinic acid greater than N-(2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodium salt greater than N-(2,3-dimercaptopropyl)-pthalamidic acid greater than 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol, in the magnitude of 42:14:4:1, respectively. N-(2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodium salt, N-(2,3-dimercaptopropyl)-pthalamidic acid, or meso-Dimercaptosuccinic acid will mobilize tissue arsenic. 2,3-Dimercapto-1-propanol, however increases the arsenic content of the brain of rabbits injected with sodium arsenite. These results raise the question as to the appropriateness of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol as the treatment for systemic arsenic poisoning. Either meso-Dimercaptosuccinic acid or N-(2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodium when given sc or po, will protect administered Lewisite. N-(2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodium salt and meso-Dimercaptosuccinic acid have promise as prophylactics for the prevention of the vesicant action action of Lewisite. The sodium arsenite inhibition of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex can be prevented and reversed in vitro or in vivo by N-(2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic, meso-Dimercaptosuccinic acid, N-(2,3-dimercaptopropul)-pthalamidic acid or 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol. Of them all, N-(2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodium salt is most potent and BAL appears to be the least potent.

For more Interactions (Complete) data for SODIUM ARSENITE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Exptl Therapy: Meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid, 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodium salt, and n-(2,3-dimercaptopropyl)-phthalamidic acid, are water soluble analogs of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol. The relative effectiveness or therapeutic index of these dimercapto compounds in protecting mice from the lethal effect of an LD99 of sodium arsenite is meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid greater than 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodium salt greater than n-(2,3-dimercaptopropyl)-phthalamidic acid greater than 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol in the magnitude of 42:14:4:1, respectively. 2,3-Dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodium salt, n-(2,3-dimercapto-1- propanesulfonic acid, sodium salt, or Meso-demercaptosuccinic acid will mobilize tissue arsenic. 2,3-Dimercapto-1-propanol however, increases the arsenic content of the brain of rabbits injected with sodium arsenite. These results raise the question as to the appropriateness of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol as the treatment for systemic arsenic poisoning. Either meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid or 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodium salt, when given sc or orally, will protect rabbits against the lethal systemic effects of sc administered lewisite. 2,3-Dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodium salt and meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid, have promise as prophylactics for the prevention of the vesicant action of lewisite. The sodium arsenite inhibition of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex can be prevented and reversed in vitro or in vivo by 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodium salt, meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid, n-(2,3-dimercaptopropyl)-phthalamidic acid or 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol. Of them all, 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodium salt is most potent and 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol appears to be the least potent. The usefulness of all these dimercapto compounds would be enhanced by a careful study of their metabolism and biotransformation. These dimercapto compounds are in a great many respects orphan drugs.

A 29 yr old man was found unresponsive a few min after self injecting undetermined amounts of potassium cyanide & sodium arsenite iv in a suicide attempt. Treatment with the Lilly Cyanide Antidote kit rapidly resolved the initial coma, despite a whole blood cyanide level of 4.4 ug/ml. A 12 hr urine arsenic collection begun on admission showed 10,065 ug arsenic/12 hr. The patient received im BAL initially, which was followed by two 10-day courses of oral D-penicillamine. Complications included upper gi tract bleeding requiring transfusion, transient elevations of liver function tests, self limited complaints of decreased vision with conjunctival hyperemia & photophobia, & an abscess at the injection site. Although specific antidote therapy completely resolved the cyanide toxicity, early & prolonged arsenic chelation did not prevent a mild sensory peripheral neuropathy from developing with onset about 17 days after self injection.

Accumulation of heme oxygenase mRNA is strongly stimulated by treatment of cultured human skin fibroblasts with uv radiation, hydrogen peroxide, or the sulfhydryl reagent sodium arsenite. Since this will result in a transient reduction in the prooxidant state of cells, the phenomenon may represent an important inducible antioxidant defense mechanism. To examine the generality of the response, we have measured the accumulation of the specific mRNA in a variety of human & mammalian cell types after inducing treatments. Induction by sodium arsenite is observed in all addnl human cell types tested. This includes primary epidermal keratinocytes & lung & colon fibroblasts as well as established cell lines such as HeLa, TK6 lymphoblastoid, & transformed fetal keratinocytes. Strong induction of heme oxygenase mRNA is also observed following sodium arsenite treatment of cell lines of rat, hamster, mouse, monkey, & marsupial origin. The agents which lead to induction in cultured human skin fibroblasts fall into 2 categories: (a) those which are oxidants or can generate active intermediates (uv A radiation, hydrogen peroxide, menadione, & the tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate); (b) agents which are known to interact with or modify cellular glutathione levels (buthionine sulfoximine, sodium arsenite, iodoacetamide, diamide, & cadmium chloride).

Very young children may be more susceptible. Study of 291 exposure incidents involving a single kind of ant bait in the form of a bottle containing 1/2 oz (15 mL) of sweetened 0.61% sodium arsenite soln permitted a poison control center to conclude that a dosage of <1 mg/kg can cause serious illness in a child & 2 mg/kg can cause death.

LD50 MALLARD DUCKS ORAL 323 MG/KG, 3-4 MO OLD FEMALES, (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 149-699)

EC50 DAPHNIA PULEX 3.0 MG/L/48 HOURS, 2ND YEAR CLASS, AT 15 °C (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 2.2-4.1)

LC50 PTERONARCYS 38 MG/L/96 HOURS AT 12 °C (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 14-39) 2ND YEAR CLASS. STATIC BIOASSAY WITHOUT AERATION, pH 7.2-7.5, WATER HARDNESS 40-50 MG/L AS CaCO3 AND ALKALINITY OF 30-35 MG/L.

LC50 RAINBOW TROUT 23 MG/L/96 HOURS AT 12 °C (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 14-39) 2.6G. STATIC BIOASSAY WITHOUT AERATION, pH 7.2-7.5, WATER HARDNESS 40-50 MG/L AS CaCO3 AND ALKALINITY OF 30-35 mg/l.

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for SODIUM ARSENITE (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms.

AS A RESULT OF APPLYING ARSENICALS AS HERBICIDES, DESICCANTS, OR SOIL STERILANTS, SOIL ARSENIC LEVELS CAN INCREASE UNDER SOME CONDITIONS. SODIUM ARSENITE WAS APPLIED TO BARE SOIL AT 1, 2, AND 10 TIMES THE RECOMMENDED MAX APPLICATION RATE. AFTER INCORPORATION, RADISHES AND SOYBEANS WERE PLANTED AS INDICATOR CROPS TO ASSESS THE PHYTOTOXICITY OF ARSENIC RESIDUES. SOIL RESIDUES INCR AT ALL LEVELS OF APPLICATION. HOWEVER, ONLY 50% OF THE ARSENIC APPLIED AT 10 TIMES THE RECOMMENDED RATE WAS FOUND AFTER 7 ANNUAL APPLICATIONS. TOTAL LOSSES OF ARSENIC FROM THE SOIL AVERAGED 14-15% OF THAT APPLIED EACH YEAR.

ENVIRONMENTAL ACCUMULATION: WHEN SODIUM ARSENITE WAS USED AS AN AQUATIC HERBICIDE IN A WISCONSIN LAKE, ELEVATED ARSENIC CONCENTRATIONS WERE FOUND IN AQUATIC VEGETATION. A SINGLE SAMPLE OF CLADOPHORA CONTAINED 1258 MG/KG ARSENIC (DRY WEIGHT), AND FRESH SHOOTS OF MATURE MYRIOPHYLLUM STEMS CONTAINED BETWEEN 228 AND 261 MG/KG (DRY WEIGHT).

Water soluble inorganic arsenicals, eg sodium arsenite, are leached toward greater depths than organic arsenicals. ... In sandy soils, 720 kg/ha applied to the soil as sodium arsenite had, after 3 yr, reached a depth of 60 cm. ... Inorganic arsenicals ... show a strong tendency to leach into surface and groundwaters.

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE: INORGANIC ARSENICALS ... SUCH AS ... SODIUM ARSENITE ... HAVE BEEN USED FOR MANY YR AS SOIL STERILANTS ... THESE CMPD ARE MOST PERSISTENT SOIL STERILANTS & MAY REMAIN EFFECTIVE FOR PERIODS AS LONG AS 5-8 YR ESP IN AREAS OF LOW RAINFALL.

LAKE LANSING WAS TREATED WITH SODIUM ARSENITE FOR CONTROL OF AQUATIC MACROPHYTES IN 1957. TWO 2.5 M SEDIMENT CORES FROM DEEP PORTIONS OF THE LAKE BASIN WERE ANALYZED FOR TOTAL ARSENIC IN 5 CM INCREMENTS. 17-20 UG/G DRY WEIGHT OCCURRED IN LOWER PORTIONS OF THE CORES, AND THIS WAS TAKEN AS BACKGROUND. BOTH CORES HAD MAXIMA OF 330-340 UG/G AT DEPTH INTERVAL 0.15-0.30 M. THESE PEAKS WERE TAKEN TO REPRESENT CONTAMINATION FROM WEED TREATMENT IN 1957. THE RATE OF DECREASE IN RECENTLY DEPOSITED SEDIMENTS PREDICTED THAT CONCENTRATIONS NEAR BACKGROUND WOULD EXIST IN SURFICIAL SEDIMENTS IN THE DEEP PORTIONS OF THE BASIN BY 1989.

In a plant where sodium arsenite was being manufactured, mean air arsenic concentrations of between 0.078 and 1.034 mg/cu m were found among various workstations during sampling times of "10 minutes or more".

Storage: To convert the gas-cleaning residues obtained during the metallurgical processing of arsenic-containing ores into a portable and less water-soluble form, the metals are precipitated as hydroxides by using an excess of lime water and the arsenic is precipitated as calcium arsenate and calcium arsenite. This "arsenic sludge" is recycled, on the one hand, in order not to lose the valuable metals, and on the other, in order to reduce the problem of arsenic sludge disposal. Arsenic trioxide is removed from waste gases by means of electrostatic separators (efficiency 70-90%) or bag filters (efficiency up to 99%). Bag filters, however, require twice to three times as much energy as electrostatic separators. The following storage possibilities are available today for arsenic residues that cannot be recycled immediately or at all /hazardous waste landfill/.

Chemical Treatability of Arsenic; Concentration Process: Chemical Precipitation; Chemical Classification: Metal; Scale of Study: Pilot Scale; Type of Wastewater Used: Domestic Wastewater + Pure Compound; Results of Study: 5ppm @ 4gpm @ pH= 7.0. Iron system-90% reduction; low lime system-80% reduction; high lime system-76% reduction; (3 coagulant systems were used; Iron system used 45 ppm as Fe of Fe2(SO4)3 @ pH= 6.0. Low lime system used 20 ppm Fe of Fe2(SO4)3 and 260 ppm of CaO @ pH= 10.0. High lime system used 600 ppm of CaO @ pH= 11.5. Chemical coagulation was followed by multimedia filtration). /Arsenic cmpd/

Chemical Treatability of Arsenic; Concentration Process: Chemical Precipitation; Chemical Classification: Metal; Scale of Study: Full Scale Continuous Flow; Type of Wastewater Used: Domestic Wastewater; Results of Study: Effluent character (ppb): 2.5, 56% reduction with lime; 3.3, 24% reduction with lime; (lime dose of 350-400 ppm as calcium oxide @ pH= 11.3). /Arsenic cmpd/

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Sodium arsenite, solid/

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. /Sodium arsenite, solid/

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at lease 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. /Sodium arsenite, solid/

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Sodium arsenite, solid/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for SODIUM ARSENITE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1686; Sodium arsenite, aqueous solution

UN 2027; Sodium arsenite, solid

IMO 6.1; Sodium arsenite, aqueous or sodium arsenite, solid

49 232 91; Sodium arsenite, liquid (solution)

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Unbreakable packaging. Put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T, N; R: 23/25-50/53; S: (1/2)-20/21-28-45-60-61; Note: A, 1

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II