Beryllium Chloride

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (100%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (100%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (100%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H350 (97.4%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H372 (100%): Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

H411 (100%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 39 reports by companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled [Danger Sensitization, respiratory]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H350i: May cause cancer by inhalation [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P233, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention . Wear protective gloves when administering first aid.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

INHALATION: chest x-ray should be taken immediately for evidence of pneumonitis.

EYES: flush with water for at least 15 min.; if irritation persists, get medical attention.

SKIN: cuts or puncture wounds in which beryllium may be embedded under the skin should be thoroughly cleansed immediately by a physician. (USCG, 1999)

Fire Extinguishing Agents Not to Be Used: Do not use water on adjacent fires. (USCG, 1999)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Do not use water on adjacent fires.

Special protective equipment for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Beryllium compound, NOS/

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Beryllium compound, NOS/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Personal precautions: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Response to discharge: Issue warning poison, corrosive; Restrict access; Should be removed; Chemical and physical treatment.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

... Beryllium chloride ... waste should be converted into chemically inert oxides using incineration and particulate collection techniques. These oxides ... should be returned to suppliers if possible.

Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for BERYLLIUM CHLORIDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Flush with water, rinse with dilute solution of sodium bicarbonate or soda ash. (USCG, 1999)

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from food and feedstuffs. Dry. Well closed. Store only in original container. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.

0.0013 [mg/m3]

0.025 [mg/m3]

0.10 [mg/m3]

0.002 [mg/m3], as Be, Ceiling(OSHA) = 0.005 mg/m3, as Be(0.025 mg/m3,as Be,for 30 min.peak per 8-hr shift)

4 mg Be/m3 ; A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024)

4.0 [mg/m3], as Be

NIOSH considers beryllium and beryllium compounds (as Be) to be a potential occupational carcinogen. /Beryllium and beryllium compounds (as Be)/

0.00005 [mg/m3], as Be, inhalable fraction

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.00005 mg/cu m (inhalable fraction); Skin. /Beryllium and compounds, as Be/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Beryllium and compounds, as Be/

A1: Confirmed human carcinogen. /Beryllium and compounds, as Be/

2013 Notice of Intended Changes (NIC): Updates of Sensitizer (SEN) Notations to Dermal Sensitizer (DSEN) and/or Respiratory Sensitizer (RSEN). The following substances are placed on the NIC for review of this notation only. Substance: Beryllium and compounds, as Be; Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.00005 mg/cu m (Inhalable fraction); Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): None; Notations: Skin; Dermal Sensitization (DSEN), Respiratory Sensitization (RSEN); A1: Confirmed human carcinogen.; Molecular Weight: 9.01; TLV Basis: Beryllium sensitization; Beryllium disease (berylliosis). /Beryllium and compounds, as Be/

(as Be): (inhalable fraction): 0.00005 mg/m

(inhalable fraction): 0.0002 mg/m

sensitization of respiratory tract and skin (SAH); carcinogen category: 1.

Chronic Oral: 0.002 mg/kg/day (L134)

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Inhalation of dust or fume may cause chemical pneumonitis. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated. Exposure could cause death.

Sensitization to the substance, through repeated or prolonged inhalation or skin contact, may result in serious granulomatous lung disease (chronic beryllium disease). This substance is carcinogenic to humans.

Respiratory protection; gloves; freshly laundered clothing; chemical safety goggles (USCG, 1999)

Hand protection: Handle with gloves.

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face particle respirator type N100 (US) or type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Skin and body protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Eye protection: Face shield and safety glasses Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for BERYLLIUM CHLORIDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

NO contact with water.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use closed system.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

Beryllium chloride is a white to green solid with a sharp odor. (USCG, 1999)

White or slightly yellow solid; Very deliquescent; Soluble in water (evolves heat); [Merck Index] White or yellow lumps; Reacts with water forming hydrochloric acid; [MSDSonline] Hygroscopic--forms beryllium chloride tetrahydrate; [Ullmann]

COLOURLESS-TO-YELLOW CRYSTALS.

White-yellow orthorhombic crystals

White to faintly yellow, orthorhombic crystals or crystalline mass

Colorless, deliquescent needles or orthorhombic crystals

Crystallizes in asbestos-like matted needles

Sharp, acrid

Sweetish taste

Taste threshold value 3.00X10-3 mol/L

968 °F at 760 mmHg (sublimes) (USCG, 1999)

BP: 520 °C

482 °C @760 [mm Hg]

824 °F (USCG, 1999)

MP: 416 °C

In water, 71.5 g/100 g water at 25 °C

Very soluble in water with evolution of heat

Soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether, pyridene; insoluble in benzene, toluene

Soluble in carbon disulfide

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 71,5

1.9 at 77 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.90 g/cu cm

1.9 g/cm³

1.9 @25 °C

1 mm Hg at 291 °C (sublimes)

1 [mm Hg] @291 °C

Corrodes most metals in the presence of moisture.

Aqueous solution is strongly acid

Hygroscopic

Very deliquescent; sublimes in vacuo at 300 °C

Undergoes transition to high temperature orthorhombic polymorph at 4 °C

Heat of solution= -557 cal/g.

For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for BERYLLIUM CHLORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Metals -> Beryllium Compounds, Inorganic

Carcinogens

Reacts with water with evolution of heat. Forms beryllium oxide and hydrochloric acid solution. Corrodes most metals in presence of moisture. Flammable and explosive hydrogen gas may collect in enclosed spaces (USCG, 1999).

Salts, Acidic

Water-Reactive

Acidic salts, such as BERYLLIUM CHLORIDE, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydrogen ions and have pH's of less than 7.0. They react as acids to neutralize bases. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of inorganic acids, inorganic oxoacids, and carboxylic acid. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible. Many of these compounds catalyze organic reactions. This material reacts with vigor with sulfur nitrides. Some explode upon intimate mixing, i.e. tetrasulfur tetranitride.

Strong bases, Strong oxidizing agents

Its reaction with water is intensely exothermic and is accompanied by the release of HCl vapor.

The 1:1 complexes with beryllium chloride or titanium tetrachloride may explode violently.

Acids, caustics, chlorinated hydrocarbons, oxidizers, molten lithium. /Beryllium and beryllium compounds (as Be)/

Once in the body, beryllium acts as a hapten and interacts with human leucocyte antigen (HLA) DP presenting cells in the lungs, becoming physically associated with a major histocompatability (MHC) class II molecule. This MHC class II-beryllium-peptide complex is recognized by the T lymphocyte receptor, triggering CD4+ T lymphocyte activation and proliferation. The resulting inflammatory response is a cell-mediated process orchestrated by cytokines and results in the formation of (usually pulmonary) granulomas. Beryllium's toxicity may be controlled by the iron-storage protein ferritin, which sequesters beryllium by binding it and preventing it from interacting with other enzymes. (L25, A37, A91)

There is sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of beryllium and beryllium compounds. Beryllium and beryllium compounds cause cancer of the lung. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of beryllium and beryllium compounds. Beryllium and beryllium compounds are carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). /Beryllium and beryllium compounds/

A1; Confirmed human carcinogen. /Beryllium and compounds, as Be/

Beryllium and beryllium compounds are known to be human carcinogens based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans. /Beryllium and compounds/

1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

Acute inhalation of a high level of beryllium can result in a pneumonia-like condition called acute beryllium disease. Chronic inhalation of beryllium can cause an inflammatory reaction in the respiratory system called chronic beryllium disease. Chronic beryllium disease may result in anorexia and weight loss, as well as right side heart enlargement and heart disease in advanced cases. Chronic exposure can also increase the risk of lung cancer. Skin contact with beryllium results in contact dermatitus. (L24, L25)

The substance can be absorbed into the body in hazardous amounts by inhalation of its aerosol, by ingestion and through the skin.

Inhalation (L24)

Cough. Laboured breathing. Sore throat. Shortness of breath. Symptoms may be delayed.

Redness. Pain. MAY BE ABSORBED!

Redness. Pain.

Nausea. Vomiting. Abdominal pain.

Chronic beryllium disease causes fatigue, weakness, difficulty breathing, and a persistent dry cough. (L24, L25)

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

Fibrogenic - Inducing tissue injury and fibrosis (scarring).

LD50: 9.7 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T73)

LD50 Rats oral 200 mg Be/kg /as BeCl2/

LD50 Rat 9.7 mg/Be/kg, oral

Chronic beryllium disease is treated with immunosuppressive medicines, usually of the glucocorticoid class. (L24)

Beryllium chloride (BeCl(2)) is a highly toxic substance that accumulates in different tissues after absorption. The purpose of this study was to investigate protective role of crocin against BeCl(2)-intoxication in rats. Male Wistar rats were used in this study and categorized into four groups (n=8). Group I served as normal control rats. Group II treated orally with BeCl(2) 86 mg/kg b.w. for five consecutive days. This dose was equivalent to experimental LD(50). Group III treated ip with crocin 200 mg/kg bw for seven consecutive days. Group IV received crocin for seven consecutive days before BeCl(2) administration. Blood samples and liver and brain homogenates were obtained for hematological, biochemical and RT-PCR examinations. The hematocrit value, RBCs count and hemoglobin concentration were significantly decreased in BeCl(2)-treated rats. A significant increase was observed in rat liver and brain malondialdehyde level and protein carbonyls content in BeCl(2) exposed group compared to the control group, and these values were significantly declined upon administration of crocin. Lactate dehydrogenase levels in rat liver and brain significantly increased compared to the control group and was associated with significant decrease in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. Reduced glutathione hepatic contents of BeCl(2)-treated rats were significantly decreased. There was significant decline in mRNA expression of catalase and superoxide dismutase genes in BeCl(2)-intoxicated rats compared to the normal rats. Crocin treatment prior to BeCl(2) intake resulted in significant increase in mRNA expressions of catalase and superoxide dismutase genes near to normalcy. The hematological and biochemical parameters were restored near to normal levels. Our results suggested that, BeCl(2) induced oxidation of cellular lipids and proteins and that administration of crocin reduced BeCl(2)-induced oxidative stress combined with initiation of mRNA expression of antioxidant genes.

In group of albino random-bred rats/ ... 1 adeno- & 1 squamous-cell bronchogenic carcinoma ... in 2/16 ... that received 3 mg beryllium chloride in polyglycine with 3 mg india-ink powder. Squamous-cell bronchogenic carcinoma was found within 15 mo in 1/14 animals that received 3 mg beryllium chloride plus 3 mg 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene plus 3 mg india-ink powder in polyglycine /intratracheal, 3 times at 2-wk intervals/ ... no lung tumors were found in untreated control rats.

In mice & rats, a single ip admin of the organophosphorus complex compound dtpp (calcium-sodium salt of diethylene-triamine-pentamethyl-phosphonic acid) greatly mitigates pulmonary edema of intratracheal beryllium chloride by hastening be ion elimination.

Twenty one different metal chlorides have been tested for mutagenicity in the presence of 9-aminoacridine in strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Beryllium chloride was not mutagenic, exhibited mutagenicity when combined with 9-aminoacridine in strains TA1537 and TA2637.

For more Interactions (Complete) data for BERYLLIUM CHLORIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Diethylenetriaminepentamethylphosphonic acid calcium sodium salt (DTPP) injected ip at 100-500 mg/kg, significantly increased the survival of the beryllium chloride treated animals (rats and mice). The preparation accelerated the elimination of the beryllium ions from the organism.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Beryllium and Related Compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Beryllium and Related Compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Beryllium and Related Compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... Since introducing a patch testing series for patients with suspected sensitization to metal, /the authors/ have found 3 cases of sensitization to beryllium. Of these 3 cases, /the authors/ regard the first 2 as having relevant sensitization. Beryllium chloride (1% pet.) was positive in 3 patients and negative in 150 controls.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Isolated cases of allergic contact dermatitis, gingivitis and stomatitis caused by beryllium have been previously reported. /The authors studied/ a series of 12 patients with patch test reactions to beryllium chloride.The study was aimed at defining the clinical and patch testing characteristics in this group of patients, and determining whether some were delayed elicitation reactions or late reactions of active sensitizations by patch testing. /They/ performed a 5-year retrospective study of patients tested with a metal series, and studied a subgroup who showed reactions to beryllium chloride. A total of 1799 patients were patch tested, 62 of whom were also tested with a specific metal series; 12 of them reacted to beryllium chloride. Eight of the 12 patients showed reactions to other metals. Based on the time of positive reaction to beryllium chloride, three patterns emerged: (i) 3 patients showed positive reactions on /days/ D2-D4; (ii) 6 patients showed positive reactions between D7 and D10; and (iii) 3 patients showed positive reactions later than D10. Contact allergy to beryllium chloride may not be as unusual as the literature suggests. In order to avoid undetected contact allergies, /the authors/ recommend performing later readings, between D7 and D10, whenever patch testing is performed with beryllium chloride. Active sensitization may occur.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Produces a chronic systemic disease that primarily affects the lung but also can involve other organs such as lymph nodes, liver, bones, and kidney.

/CASE REPORTS/ Two cases of human carcinomas by beryllium aerosols were reported. In case 1, an adult male had contact with the dust, vapors, and gases of beryllium oxide and beryllium chloride for about 3 years. 3 years after employment ceased, the worker had shadows in both pulmonary x-ray midfields. /14 years later/ autopsy confirmed the presence of carcinoma in the right pulmonary upper lobe, with metastases ...

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ In a further study on the ability of different metal salts to influence the DNA synthesis of human lymphoid cells, aluminum chloride, beryllium chloride, cadmium chloride, cupric sulfate, ferric chloride, manganese chloride, palladium chloride, platinum chloride and silver nitrate, were tested regarding effect on thymocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes in children. At certain concentrations in the range of 10(-4)-10(-5)M, all tested compounds but aluminum chloride and ferric chloride, were inhibitory, the latter compounds inhibited at 4.8 X 10(-3)M. A slight stimulation mainly on the thymocytes was obtained with beryllium chloride, cadmium chloride, palladium chloride, platinum chloride and silver nitrate, at certain concentrations in the range of 10(-5)-10(-6)M, while ferric chloride gave a slight stimulation at 1.2 X 10(-3)M.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Beryllium chloride induced skin hypersensitivity in rats.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Beryllium chloride was injected into rats intraperitoneum every other day ... /1.2 mg/kg body weight/ for 1, 2 and 3 months respectively ... 1) Body weight gain in the group given beryllium was markedly inhibited as compared with that in control ... 2) ... genesis of epitheloid cell granuloma mimicking human pulmonary granuloma in 4 of 6 treated animals at three months elapse, and congestion in liver together with infiltration of lymphocytes into Glisson's capsule and sinusoid at one and also two months following intraperitoneal injection. 3) Spleen and liver were ranked top in accumulation of injected beryllium followed by kidney, heart, and lung in a decreasing order ... 4) Parameters such as RBC, hemoglobin, and hematocrit tended to decrease in the group given beryllium.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Beryllium chloride ... intratracheal ... to 3 groups of 30 albino random bred rats ... no tumors ... in group that received 5 mg beryllium chloride suspended in 0.3 mL /SRP: dextran/ ... 3 times at 2-wk intervals.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Both sol and less sol beryllium cmpd caused pronounced inflammation changes in the rat lung at 0.4 mg/cu m. The sclerosis from beryllium oxide had diffuse focal character, whereas beryllium chloride (BeCl2) induced sclerosis was focal. At 0.03 mg/cu m the intoxication was mild. The animals during 12-24 mo period showed diffuse focal BeO and focal sclerosis BeCl2. All the animals showed pronounced immune changes in the lung tissue. At 0.0008 mg/cu m, no intoxication was observed. The animal death was similar to that in the control. The blastomogenic effect of the Be cmpd was dose dependent. The latent period of neoplasm development increased with decreasing concn. BeO and BeCl, at a concn lower than equal to max permissible concn (0.008 and 0.004 mg/cu m) showed marked allergic (autoimmune) and blastomogenic effects.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for BERYLLIUM CHLORIDE (24 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50; Species: Asellus intermedius (Aquatic Sowbug) juvenile; Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH 7.5-8.5; Concentration: 100000 ug/L for 96 hr

LC50; Species: Asellus intermedius (Aquatic Sowbug) juvenile; Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH 7.5-8.5; Concentration: 100000 ug/L for 96 hr

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) 1-2 instar larva; Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH 7.5-8.5; Concentration: 400 ug/L for 96 hr

LC50; Species: Gammarus fasciatus (Scud) juvenile; Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH 7.5-8.5; Concentration: 5900 ug/L for 96 hr

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead Minnow) juvenile; Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH 7.5-8.5; Concentration: >100000 ug/L for 96 hr

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for BERYLLIUM CHLORIDE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/PLANTS/ Although the seeds /SRP: Lepidium sativum L. (garden cress)/ germinated with decreasing concentrations of beryllium chloride and beryllium sulfate (10-3 to 10-7 M dissolved in water) the percentage of germinating seeds was lower than in the control ... Contents of chlorophyll a and b in Be2+ treated seedlings were lower than in the control, especially chlorophyll a.

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

Soluble beryllium salts, such as BeCl2 and BeF2, are hydrolyzed to form insoluble beryllium hydroxides. Oxidation is not expected to be important under environmental conditions(1). In water, beryllium hydroxide is amphoteric; cationic beryllium salts, when dissolved in water, undergo hydrolysis, and the pH of these solutions is acidic. In aqueous alkaline solutions (pH8 and above) beryllates are formed(2).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

... Beryllium chloride ... waste should be converted into chemically inert oxides using incineration and particulate collection techniques. These oxides ... should be returned to suppliers if possible.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Beryllium compound, NOS/

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. /Beryllium compound, NOS/

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Beryllium compound, NOS/

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Beryllium compound, NOS/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for BERYLLIUM CHLORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1566; Beryllium compounds, NOS

IMO 6.1; Beryllium compounds, NOS

49 233 05; Beryllium chloride

49 232 16; Beryllium compounds, not otherwise specified

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. /Beryllium compounds, NOS/

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. /Beryllium compound, NOS/

Unbreakable packaging. Put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T+, N; R: 49-25-26-36/37/38-43-48/23-51/53; S: 53-45-61; Note: A, E

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II