Sodium Bromate

H271 (34%): May cause fire or explosion; strong Oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

H272 (66%): May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

H301 (36.1%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H302 (57.8%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H315 (59.3%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (90.7%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335 (39.5%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H341 (13%): Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350 (48.2%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

P203, P210, P220, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P283, P301+P316, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P306+P360, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P371+P380+P375, P403+P233, P405, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 332 reports by companies from 21 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H272: May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P220, P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P316, P308+P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P370+P378, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P220, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P318, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P220, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P318, P319, P321, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P203, P264, P270, P280, P301+P316, P318, P321, P330, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P210, P220, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

SMALL FIRE: Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.

LARGE FIRE: Flood fire area with water from a distance. Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: For ammonium nitrate products: Do not fight cargo fire. Withdraw, evacuate and isolate area for at least 1600 meters (1 mile). Treat as an explosive (ERG Guide 112). Do not enter area for 24 hours or until expert advice has been provided. Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use water in large amounts.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Flood with water. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable-consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius.

Prolonged exposure to fire or heat by the material may result in an explosion.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Do not get water inside containers.

Small Dry Spill

· With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.

Small Liquid Spill

· Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. If ammonium nitrate products are in a tank, rail car or truck and involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, initiate evacuation including emergency responders for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

· If ammonium nitrate products are in a tank, rail car or truck and involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, initiate evacuation including emergency responders for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Sweep up and shovel. Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wetbrushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Rinse contaminated clothes with plenty of water because of fire hazard.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Keep away from heat and sources of ignition. Normal measures for preventive fire protection.

Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Sodium bromate (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not get water inside containers.

SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.

SMALL LIQUID SPILL: Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from combustible substances and reducing agents. See Chemical Dangers.

Separated from combustible substances and reducing agents.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.

Keep from contact with organic matter.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

0.47 [mg/m3]

5.2 [mg/m3]

31 [mg/m3]

Small Fire

· Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.

Large Fire

· Flood fire area with water from a distance.

· Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· For ammonium nitrate products: Do not fight cargo fire. Withdraw, evacuate and isolate area for at least 1600 meters (1 mile). Treat as an explosive (GUIDE 112). Do not enter area for 24 hours or until expert advice has been provided.

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Ingestion could cause effects on the kidneys and nervous system. This may result in renal failure, respiratory depression, hearing loss and peripheral neuropathy. The effects may be delayed.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Eye/face protection: Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face particle respirator type N100 (US) or type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Personnel protection: Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material.

NO contact with combustible substances or reducing agents.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection if powder.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Sodium bromate appears as a white crystalline solid. May explode under prolonged exposure to heat or fire. Used in chemical analysis.

Large Crystals; Dry Powder

Colorless or white odorless solid; [Merck Index] White odorless powder; [MSDSonline]

COLOURLESS CRYSTALS.

White crystals or white powder

Colorless cubic crystals

Colorless crystal or powder

Odorless

381 °C decomposes with oxygen evolution

Solubility in water (g/100 g water): 27.5 at 0 °C; 48.8 at 40 °C; 62.6 at 60 °C; 75.8 at 80 °C; 90.8 at 100 °C

In water, 39.4 g/100 g at 25 °C

In water (g/100 g water): 36.4 at 20 °C

Soluble in water

Insoluble in ethanol

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 36.4

3.200 g/cu cm

Relative density (water = 1): 3.34

3.339 @25 °C

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Na2O and /hydrogen bromide/.

Aqueous solution is neutral

Index of refraction: 1.594

Decomposes on heating with evolution of oxygen and formation of sodium bromide

Standard molar enthalpy of formation at 298.15 K: -334.1 kJ/mol

Other Classes -> Halogens, Inorganic Compounds

Cosmetic ingredients (Sodium Bromate) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)

Oxidising

Potential endocrine disrupting compound

Water soluble.

Oxidizing Agents, Strong

Strong Oxidizing Agent

SODIUM BROMATE is an oxidizing agent. May react violently with combustibles and reducing agents. Reacts with textiles, oil, fat, grease, sugar, sawdust and ammonium salts, carbon, phosphorus, metal powders and sulfides with hazard of fire and explosion [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980 p. 831]. A mixture of finely divided aluminum with finely divided sodium bromate explodes by heat, percussion, and friction [Mellor 2:310 1946-47].

Incompatible materials: Strong reducing agents, Powdered metals, Alcohols, Strong acids.

Mixtures with grease are shock-sensitive explosives at 120 °C.

Violent reactions with aluminum, arsenic, carbon, copper, oil, F2, metal sulfides, organic matter, phosphorus, sulfur.

A combination of finely divided aluminum with finely divided bromates (also chlorates and iodates) of ... sodium ... can be exploded by heat, percussion, and sometimes, light friction. /Bromates/

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for Sodium bromate (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Based upon the data included in this report the CIR Expert Panel concludes that Sodium Bromate and Potassium Bromate may be used in cosmetic permanent wave formulations at concentrations not to exceed 10.17%, measured as Sodium Bromate.

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Sodium bromate is a solid and a strong oxidant. It is used as an analytical reagent, as a neutralizing solution in hair permanents, and an auxiliary agent in printing and dyeing. HUMAN STUDIES: For decades, it has been known that ingested sodium bromate can induce hearing loss. Hearing loss onset, following high-dose ingestion, is generally rapid occurring within 4-16 hr and of a severe to profound degree. Unlike the sensorineural hearing loss which is generally irreversible, bromate-induced tinnitus, which is less well-studied, may be permanent or temporary. It is not clear whether actual bromate-induced vestibulotoxicity occurs in clinical populations. The primary sites of lesion for bromate-induced ototoxicity appear to be in the cochlea. Several cases of acute bromate intoxication have been reported in humans following accidental or suicidal ingestion of permanent hair wave neutralizing solutions. These products usually contain either 2% potassium bromate or 10% sodium bromate. The most common acute signs are severe gastrointestinal irritation (vomiting, pain, diarrhea) and central nervous system depression (lethargy, hypotension, hypotonicity, loss of reflexes). Anemia from intravascular hemolysis may also occur. These effects are usually reversible. Later sequelae (usually within several days) include marked renal injury and hearing loss. Death from renal failure may ensue if medical intervention is not successful. A 17-year-old hairdresser developed sodium bromate poisoning after drinking a cup of hair neutralizer in a suicide attempt. She presented 1 week later with anuria, required hemodialysis for 5 days, and subsequently recovered. A case of sodium bromate poisoning is reported in a 21-month-old boy who ingested approximately 6 oz of a professional hair waving neutralizer and developed acute renal failure. In another case, a 34 year old man attempted suicide by ingestion of 14 g of sodium bromate. He developed a cerebral lesion due to sodium bromate intoxication which was confirmed on MRI, SPECT, auditory brainstem response (ABR) and sensory evoked potential (SEP). ANIMAL STUDIES: Sodium bromate is reported to have skin and eye irritant properties. It was a mild sensitizer in the Buehler test in guinea pigs. In guinea pigs, subcutaneous injections of 100 mg/kg bw sodium bromate produced cochlear damage--ie degenerative changes of the outer hair cells by 24 hr. Animals killed at that time revealed hyaline degeneration, cloudy swelling and necrosis of the epithelial cells in renal tubules, which were most severe in the proximal convoluted tubules. After injection of 200 mg/kg bw, there was more rapid onset of similar effects. The reproductive toxicity of sodium bromate in rats was evaluated in a short-term test. No changes were observed in the reproductive function of the females. Males showed no treatment-related histological changes in the kidneys, liver, spleen, testis or epididymis, but the activity of serum alanine aminotransferase was decreased by 14% at the two higher doses. There was a significant (18%) decrease in epididymal sperm density in males at the high dose. Sodium bromate was tested in the Ames test, the micronucleus test on mouse bone marrow, and the recessive lethal test using Drosophila. It was negative in the Ames test and in the Drosophila recessive lethal test. However, it showed significant mutagenic effects in a dose-dependent manner in the mouse micronucleus test system. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: sodium bromate produced a weak induction of DNA damage to whole zebrafish embryos. Developmental effects occurred at a range of concentrations 20-100 ug/mL.

Bromine is a powerful oxidizing agent and is able to release oxygen free radicals from the water in mucous membranes. These free radicals are also potent oxidizers and produce tissue damage. In additon, the formation of hydrobromic and bromic acids will result in secondary irritation. The bromide ion is also known to affect the central nervous system, causing bromism. This is believed to be a result of bromide ions substituting for chloride ions in the in actions of neurotransmitters and transport systems, thus affecting numerous synaptic processes. (L626, L627, A543)

Under the current Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (U.S. EPA, 1986), bromate would be classified as B2, probable human carcinogen. Under the Proposed Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (U.S. EPA, 1996), bromate should be evaluated as a likely human carcinogen by the oral route of exposure. Insufficient data are available to evaluate the human carcinogenic potential of bromate by the inhalation route. /Based on former classification system/

Potassium bromate: 2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Elemental bromine also burns the skin. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant and chronic exposure produces neuronal effects. This is called bromism and can result in central reactions reaching from somnolence to coma, cachexia, exicosis, loss of reflexes or pathologic reflexes, clonic seizures, tremor, ataxia, loss of neural sensitivity, paresis, papillar edema of the eyes, abnormal speech, cerebral edema, delirium, aggressiveness, and psychoses. Bromate is also a potential carcinogen. (L625, L626, L627, L638)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

Oral (L626) ; inhalation (L626) ; dermal

(L626)

Cough. Sore throat. See Ingestion.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal pain. Diarrhoea. Drowsiness. Laboured breathing. Nausea. Vomiting. Deafness. Unconsciousness. See Effects of long-term or repeated exposure.

Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Symptoms include lacrimation, rhinorrhoea, eye irritation with mucous secretions from the oropharyngeal and upper airways, coughing, dyspnoea, choking, wheezing, epistaxis, and headache. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant producing ataxia, slurred speech, tremor, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, dizziness, visual disturbances, unsteadiness, headaches, impaired memory and concentration, disorientation and hallucinations. This is called bromism. (L626, L627)

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

LD50: 140 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (T14)

LD50 Mouse ip 140 mg/kg

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water.

INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice.

SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention.

INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

... A 78-year-old woman ... suffered severe acute renal failure due to the accidental ingestion of sodium bromate solution. The patient was successfully treated with hemodialysis therapy and renal function recovered without hearing loss. This case suggests that emergency therapeutic measures, including hemodialysis, should be taken as soon as possible, and the rapid removal of bromate is essential to prevent severe intoxication and its sequelae...

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Bromates and Related Compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . /Bromates and Related Compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Bromates and Related Compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ For decades, it has been known that ingested potassium bromate and sodium bromate can induce hearing loss. Hearing loss onset, following high-dose ingestion, is generally rapid occurring within 4-16 hr and of a severe to profound degree. Unlike the sensorineural hearing loss which is generally irreversible, bromate-induced tinnitus, which is less well-studied, may reportedly be permanent or temporary. It is not clear whether actual bromate-induced vestibulotoxicity occurs in clinical populations. The primary sites of lesion for bromate-induced ototoxicity appear to be in the cochlea. However, possible effects on the VIIIth nerve and central auditory system have not been fully investigated. Based on animal studies, in the cochlea, bromate damages the stria vascularis, Reissner's membrane, inner and outer hair cells, Claudius cells and inner sulcus cells. Physiologically, bromate reduces the endocochlear potential, cochlear microphonics, and electrophysiologic auditory thresholds. Possible mechanisms are discussed. The effects of long-term low-dose bromate exposure on hearing have not been studied. These effects, if they occur, may not be readily detected in many clinical populations, because idiopathic hearing loss occurs commonly in the population as a whole...

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Several cases of acute bromate intoxication have been reported in humans following accidental or suicidal ingestion of permanent hair wave neutralizing solutions. These products usually contain either 2% potassium bromate or 10% sodium bromate. The most common acute signs are severe gastrointestinal irritation (vomiting, pain, diarrhea) and the Central Nervous System depression (lethargy, hypotension, hypotonicity, loss of reflexes). Anemia from intravascular hemolysis may also occur. These effects are usually reversible. Later sequelae (usually within several days) include marked renal injury and hearing loss. Death from renal failure may ensue if medical intervention is not successful. If support is successful, renal function generally returns after 5-10 days. Hearing loss is usually irreversible. Estimated doses in these cases ranged from about 20 to 1,000 mg BrO3-/kg.

/CASE REPORTS/ The clinical manifestations of sodium bromate intoxication include among others acute renal failure and deafness. Most of the toxic manifestations are reversible with the exception of renal failure and deafness. This patient ingested about 7.5 g of sodium bromate powder, which produced gastrointestinal irritation, hypotension, fatigue, deafness, acute renal failure, anemia and peripheral neuropathy. Hemodialysis was performed three times due to acute renal failure, although the renal function improved, it did not recover completely. The patient was discharged with BUN: 42 mg/dL and creatinine: 3.4 mg/dL; she was still deaf.

/CASE REPORTS/ A 17-year-old hairdresser developed sodium bromate poisoning after drinking a cup of hair neutralizer in a suicide attempt. She presented 1 week later with anuria, required hemodialysis for 5 days, and subsequently recovered. Sensorineural hearing loss, often a characteristic finding, was absent. Early diagnosis of bromate intoxication requires an appreciation that it commonly occurs in hairdressers, may be accompanied by deafness, and may present with insidious anuria.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Sodium bromate (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Sodium bromate is reported to have skin irritant properties.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Sodium bromate is reported to have eye irritating properties.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The Buehler method was used to evaluate the sensitization potential of a full strength (10.17% NaBrO3,) hair neutralizer product. The test procedure followed was No. 406, Skin Sensitization Buehler Test, Method B6 issued by the European Economic Commission (EEC, 1991). This test procedure stipulates that the material be applied to the shaved left flank of guinea pigs and covered for the 6-hr induction exposure period and repeated at Days 7 and 14. After a 28-day nontreatment period, the test site is challenged with the test material covered with an occlusive cover for 6 hr and the sites scored at 24 and 48 hr on a G-3 scale. Ten control animals are also to be included in the testing program. To determine the test concentrations to be used in the main study, four guinea pigs were exposed to 0.5 mL of the undiluted test material covered with an occlusive patch for 6 hr. One guinea pig had an irritant reaction of 2 at 24 hr, but no observable effect at 48 hr. Two animals received a score of 1 at 24 hr; the fourth animal had no observable effect. The 75% dilution used in the challenge phase produced a mild irritant reaction (score = 1) in 48 hr. With use of the sensitization assay as described, five of 19 guinea pigs that received the three induction doses of undiluted test material and challenged with the 75% diluted material had a reported sensitization reaction of 1 at 24 hr; only two of the five animals had an observable effect at 48 hr. There were no reactions in the controls that received only blank occlusive patches. Under the testing protocol used, the undiluted test formulation was judged to be a mild sensitizer.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Rabbits died approximately 12 hr after oral administration of 0.5 g/kg ...

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Sodium bromate (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Status of Agents Search page, which tabulates the results and current status of tests such as "Short-Term Toxicity Studies", "Long-term Carcinogenicity Studies", "Developmental Studies", "Genetic Toxicology Studies", etc., performed with this chemical. Testing status for sodium bromate is available.[Available from, as of February 1, 2019: https://ntpsearch.niehs.nih.gov/?e=True&ContentType=Testing+Status]

EPA has released the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays/[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of February 4, 2019: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]

NTP requested that a dose range-finding study be performed in order to establish the potential effects of sodium bromate on the immune system and to determine the doses that could be used in a full immunotoxicology study. These studies were conducted in female B6C3F1 mice. The animals were exposed to sodium bromate based on the concentration of the test article in the drinking water. Five sodium bromate concentrations of 80, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg/L for 28 days were utilized. Sodium bromate solutions were prepared fresh every two weeks in tap water and stored refrigerated. ... Sodium bromate was administered in the drinking water from water bottles for 28 days at 80, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg/L. There was no statistically significant difference in drinking water consumption between animals exposed to sodium bromate and the tap water controls. Exposure to sodium bromate did not produce any signs of overt toxicity. There was no significant difference in body weight and body weight change between the exposed and control animals during the experimental period. No gross pathological lesions were observed in sodium bromate-exposed animals; furthermore, there were no differences observed in the weights of thymus, liver, kidneys or lung. However, animals exposed to 80, 600 and 800 mg/L of sodium bromate had a significant increase in absolute spleen weight of 20%, 28% and 23%, respectively. The increase was also reflected in relative spleen weight with 19%, 26% and 23%, respectively. The erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, platelet count, total leukocyte count, and counts of leukocyte differentials were unaffected by sodium bromate. MCH and MCHC were significantly decreased (2%) when the animals were exposed to the highest dose of sodium bromate; however, this decrease is not considered to be biologically relevant. A dose-related increase in reticulocytes, significant at the two high dose levels, was observed following exposure to sodium bromate with the greatest increase (78%) observed at the highest dose level. ... As in the toxicological parameters, exposure to sodium bromate produced few changes in various immunological parameters. There were no changes in the absolute number of total T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells and macrophages. However, an increase was observed in total spleen cells and B cells at the dose of 600 mg/L. The increase in B cell number was not considered to be biologically relevant for several reasons. First, no dose-related response was observed; secondly, there was no significant difference when the number of B cells was expressed as the percentage of total spleen cells; thirdly, the IgM antibody response to T-dependent antigen sheep erythrocytes was not altered after exposure to sodium bromate. The effect of sodium bromate on the activity of spleen T cells and natural killers (NK) cells was evaluated using the one-way mixed leukocyte response (MLR) and cytotoxic assay of YAC-1 cells, respectively. There was no alteration in MLR and NK activity after exposure to sodium bromate. When the activity of peritoneal macrophages was evaluated using the cytotoxic/cytostatic assay of B16F10 tumor cells, the suppressive effect of peritoneal macrophages on the proliferation of B16F10 tumor cells was decreased by sodium bromate at doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/L. In the absence of macrophage stimulation, macrophages from the vehicle control animals produced a 32% suppression of the B16F10 tumor cell proliferation, which was decreased to 20% and 22% when the animals were exposed to 200 mg/L and 800 mg/L of sodium bromate, respectively. Macrophages, stimulated with gamma interferon and LPS, from the vehicle control animals produced a 65% suppression of the B16F10 cell proliferation, which was decreased to 46%, 46% and 47% when the animals were exposed to 200 mg/L, 400 mg/L and 800 mg/L of sodium bromate, respectively. In conclusion, sodium bromate, when administered in the drinking water at doses from 80 mg/L to 800 mg/L, produced minimal toxicological and immunotoxic effects in female B6C3F1 mice, with biologically significant effects only observed in spleen weights, reticulocyte counts and macrophage activity. Based on the results of this range-finding study, further investigation of the effect of sodium bromate on the immune system may not be warranted.

The potential toxicity of sodium bromate ... was evaluated using a short-term reproductive & developmental toxicity screen. This study design was selected to identify the process (development; female reproduction; male reproduction; various somatic organs/processes) that is the most sensitive to sodium bromate exposure. A dose range-finding study was conducted at concns of 0, 250, 500, 1,000, & 2,000 ppm in order to select concns for the 35-day study. Based on dose-related body weight reductions & decreased feed & water consumption, the concns for the 35-day study were selected to be 0, 25, 80, & 250 ppm. For the main study, Sprague-Dawley rats were administered sodium bromate at these concns in the drinking water over a 35-day period. One group of male rats (10/group) & 2 groups of female rats designated as Group A (peri-conception, 10/group) & Group B (gestational exposure, 13/group) were used at each dose level. Control animals received deionized water, the vehicle. During the treatment period, all animals survived to the scheduled necropsy & there were no general toxic effects noted at any level. The overall avg calculated consumption of sodium bromate for Groups 2-4 was approx 2.6, 9.0, & 25.6 mg/kg bw/day, respectively. There were no changes observed in the reproductive data for the Group A & Group B females. The male & female weekly absolute body weights, feed consumption, water consumption, clinical observations, & gross findings were comparable among dose groups. The male organ weights & organ-to-body weight ratios were also comparable across dose groups. Although there was no effect on male fertility, there was a slight decr in epididymal sperm density, which decreased with increasing concn & reached significance in the 250 ppm males (reduced by 18%). Sodium bromate resulted in no treatment-related gross or microscopic changes in the kidney, liver, spleen, testis, or epididymis. Serum ALT was decreased by 14% in the 80 & 250 ppm groups. Because this change was small, & in the absence of changes in other liver enzymes, this was deemed to be biologically insignificant. Results of this study indicate that sodium bromate treatment did not produce any adverse signs of general toxicity in any of the dose levels tested, & based on these findings, a max tolerated dose (MTD) was not reached. Female reproductive function was not adversely affected in this study. Sodium bromate appeared to slightly reduce male epididymal sperm density at 250 ppm. Based on the lack of general toxicity findings at any dose, & the epididymal sperm density decr at 250 ppm , the no-observable-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) was determined to be 80 ppm. From these data, sodium bromate may be a selective male reproductive toxicant at 250 ppm since male reproductive toxicity was noted in the absence of general toxicity.

26- and 39-Week Dermal Studies in Tg.AC Hemizygous Mice: Groups of 15 male and 15 female Tg.AC hemizygous mice received dermal applications of 0, 64, 128, or 256 mg sodium bromate/kg body weight in ethanol/water, 5 days per week for 26 weeks. Additional groups of 10 male and 10 female Tg.AC hemizygous mice were dermally administered the same doses for 39 weeks. Survival of dosed groups was similar to that of vehicle control groups at 26 and 39 weeks. Mean body weights of 256 mg/kg males were less than those of the vehicle control group in both studies. Mean body weights of all dosed groups of females were less than those of the vehicle controls at 39 weeks. Minimal decreases in hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration values occurred in 128 mg/kg females and 256 mg/kg males and females at 26 weeks. A minimal decrease in erythrocyte count also occurred in 256 mg/kg males. These decreases in erythron were accompanied by a minimal decrease in mean cell hemoglobin and mean cell hemoglobin concentration values, primarily in the females. Reticulocyte counts were significantly increased in 128 mg/kg females and 256 mg/kg males and females. There were no increased incidences of neoplasms in male or female Tg.AC hemizygous mice exposed to sodium bromate dermally. Relative kidney weights were significantly increased in 256 mg/kg males at 26 weeks and in all dosed groups of males at 39 weeks. Absolute testis weights in 256 mg/kg males and absolute kidney weights in 256 mg/kg females were decreased at 39 weeks. Nephropathy occurred in 14 of 15 males receiving 128 and 256 mg/kg at 26 weeks and in all 256 mg/kg females in both studies. In the thyroid gland, the incidences of follicular cell hypertrophy in all dosed groups of males and females, follicular secretory depletion in 128 and 256 mg/kg females, and lymphocytic cellular infiltrate in 256 mg/kg females were significantly increased in both studies. Splenic hematopoietic cell proliferation occurred with a significantly increased incidence in 128 and 256 mg/kg females at 26 weeks. The incidence of germinal epithelium degeneration in the testis was significantly increased in 256 mg/kg males at 39 weeks.[DHHS/NTP; Toxicology Studies of Sodium Bromate (CAS No. 7789-38-0) in Genetically Modified (FVB Tg.AC Hemizygous) Mice (Dermal and Drinking Water Studies) and Carcinogenicity Studies of Sodium Bromate in Genetically Modified

27- and 43-Week Drinking Water Studies in Tg.C Hemizygous Mice: Groups of 15 male and 15 female Tg.AC hemizygous mice were exposed to drinking water containing 0, 80, 400, or 800 mg/L sodium bromate for 27 weeks (equivalent to average daily doses of approximately 13, 63, and 129 mg/kg to male mice and 15, 72, and 148 mg/kg to female mice). Additional groups of 10 male and 10 female Tg.AC hemizygous mice were exposed to drinking water containing 0, 80, 400, or 800 mg/L sodium bromate for 43 weeks (equivalent to average daily doses of approximately 11, 52, and 131 mg/kg to male mice and 15, 65, and 152 mg/kg to female mice). Survival of exposed groups was similar to that of control groups at 27 weeks. Survival was decreased in 400 mg/L females and 800 mg/L males and females at 43 weeks. Mean body weights of 400 mg/L males and 800 mg/L males and females were less than those of the control groups in both studies. Water consumption by exposed mice was generally similar to that by control groups throughout both studies. Minimal decreases in hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and erythrocyte count values occurred primarily in 400 and 800 mg/kg females at 27 weeks. There were also decreases in mean cell hemoglobin and mean cell hemoglobin concentration values, but these occurred primarily in treated males. Reticulocyte counts were increased in 400 mg/kg males and 800 mg/kg males and females. There were no increased incidences of neoplasms in male or female Tg.AC hemizygous mice exposed to sodium bromate in the drinking water. Absolute kidney weights were significantly decreased in 800 mg/L females and relative kidney weights were increased in 400 and 800 mg/L males at 27 weeks. Absolute testis weights were significantly decreased in 800 mg/L males at 43 weeks. Thyroid gland follicular cell hypertrophy and follicular secretory depletion occurred in most 400 and 800 mg/L males and females at 27 weeks and in most exposed females at 43 weeks, and the incidences of thyroid gland follicular cell hypertrophy were significantly increased in all exposed groups of males at 43 weeks. The incidences of thyroid gland lymphocytic cellular infiltrates were significantly increased in 400 and 800 mg/L females in both studies and in 800 mg/L males at 43 weeks. The incidences of nephropathy were significantly increased in all exposed groups of males and in 400 and 800 mg/L females at 27 weeks. Renal tubule degeneration occurred with significantly increased incidences in 800 mg/L males and females in both studies. The incidences of renal tubule hypertrophy were significantly increased in 400 and 800 mg/L females at 27 weeks and in 800 mg/L males and females at 43 weeks. Pituitary gland pars distalis hypertrophy occurred with a significantly increased incidence in 800 mg/L females in both studies. The incidence of hyperkeratosis of the forestomach epithelium was significantly increased in 800 mg/L females at 43 weeks. The incidences of tubular degeneration of the epididymis and germinal epithelium degeneration of the testis were significantly increased in 800 mg/L males at 43 weeks.[DHHS/NTP; Toxicology Studies of Sodium Bromate (CAS No. 7789-38-0) in Genetically Modified (FVB Tg.AC Hemizygous) Mice (Dermal and Drinking Water Studies) and Carcinogenicity Studies of Sodium Bromate in Genetically Modified

For more National Toxicology Program Studies (Complete) data for Sodium bromate (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea) <24 hr neonate; Conditions: freshwater, renewal; Concentration: 112.7 mg/L for 24 hr /> or =98% purity/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea) <24 hr neonate; Conditions: freshwater, renewal; Concentration: 55.3 mg/L for 48 hr /> or =98% purity/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea) <24 hr neonate; Conditions: freshwater, renewal; Concentration: 46.8 mg/L for 72 hr /> or =98% purity/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea) <24 hr neonate; Conditions: freshwater, renewal; Concentration: 46.8 mg/L for 96 hr /> or =98% purity/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Sodium bromate (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Acute toxic effects of potassium bromate, sodium bromate and potassium bromide on luminescent bacteria, water flea, green alga and zebrafish were studied using standard toxic testing methods. The results showed that the pollutants had no effect on the luminous intensity of luminescent bacteria. The 96 hr EC50 of potassium bromate on Scenedesmus obliquus was 738.18 mg/L, 48 hr EC50 on Daphnia magna and Moina was 154.01 mg/L was 161.80 mg/L, while 48 hr LC50 was 198 52 mg/L, 175.68 mg/L, and 96 hr LC50 on zebrafish was 931.4 mg/L. The 96 hr EC50 of sodium bromate on Scenedesmus obliquus was 540.26 mg/L, 48 hr EC50 Daphnia magna and Moina was 127.90 mg/L, 111.07 mg/L, while 48 hr LC50 was 161.80 mg/L, 123.47 mg/L, and 96 hr LC50 on zebrafish was 1065.6 mg/L. But the effects of potassium bromide on the above several kinds of aquatic organisms were far smaller than those of potassium bromate and sodium bromate. The toxic effects on test organisms were due to the impacts of bromate after the comparison of different pollutants, and the effects were more obvious with the increase of exposure time. The order of sensitivity to the toxic effects of bromate was Daphnia magna, Moina > Scenedesmus obliquus > zebrafish > Chlorella vulgaris, luminescent bacteria.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Ballast water treatment has become a major issue in the last decade due to the problem of invasive species transported and released by the uptake and discharge of ballast water for shipping operations. One of the important issues considering ballast water treatment is to determine whether treated ballast water, once discharged, is safe to the aquatic environment. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) Marine Environmental Protection Committee (MEPC) has determined that prior to approval of a ballast water management system, aquatic toxicity data must be available for both the active substance and relevant byproducts. Many proposed ballast water treatment systems use chlorine as the active ingredient. Although there are sufficient toxicity data concerning active substances such as chlorine, there are limited toxicity data concerning disinfection (halogenated) byproducts including dibromochloromethane, four haloacetic acids and sodium bromate. Acute and chronic toxicity were determined for these disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Acute toxicity values ranged from 96-hr LC50s of 46.8 mg/L for Daphnia magna for both dibromochloromethane and sodium bromate to a 96-hr LC50 of 376.4 mg/L for Cyprinodon variegatus for tribromoacetic acid. Acute Isochrysis galbana population growth effect values ranged from a 72-hr EC10 of 39.9 mg/L for dichloroacetic acid to a 72-hr EC50 of 15,954 mg/L for sodium bromate. Chronic toxicity mortality/reproduction effects values for D. magna ranged from a 21-day IC25 of 160.9 mg/L for tribromoacetic acid to a 21-day LOEC of 493.0 mg/L for trichloroacetic acid. Chronic toxicity mortality/growth values for C. variegatus ranged from a 32-day IC25 of 246.8 mg/L for trichloroacetic acid to a 32-day LOEC of 908.1 mg/L for tribromoacetic acid. I. galbana 96-hr chronic population growth effects values ranged from an EC10 of 38.5 mg/L for trichloroacetic acid to an LOEC of 500.0 mg/L for tribromoacetic acid. Acute to chronic ratios for all of these DBPs ranged from 0.8 to 3.0. Based on toxicity/ecorisk categories generated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, these disinfection byproducts would be considered either slightly toxic or practically nontoxic to the aquatic organisms tested.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Disinfection by-products /DBPs/ are contaminants produced during drinking water disinfection. Several DBPs have been implicated in a variety of toxic effects, mainly carcinogenic and genotoxic effects. Moreover, DBPs exposure has also been associated with an increased risk of developmental effects. In this study, the developmental toxicity and genotoxicity of 10 DBPs (four trihalomethanes [THMs], five haloacetic acids [HAAs] and sodium bromate) in the zebrafish embryo model were evaluated. Embryos exposed for 72 hours were observed for different endpoints such as growth, hatching success, malformations and lethality. THMs exposure resulted in adverse developmental effects and a significant reduced tail length. Two HAAs, tribromoacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid, along with sodium bromate were found to cause a significant increase in malformation rate. Chloroform, chlorodibromomethane and sodium bromate produced a weak induction of DNA damage to whole embryos. However, developmental effects occurred at a range of concentrations (20-100 ug/mL) several orders of magnitude above the levels that can be attained in fetal blood in humans exposed to chlorinated water. In conclusion, the teratogenic and genotoxic activity observed by some DBPs in zebrafish reinforce the view that there is a weak capacity of disinfection products to cause developmental effects at environmentally relevant concentrations.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Striped bass eggs (12 hr after fertilization) and larvae (4 days after hatching) and juvenile spot were exposed to a series of bromate concentrations (including sodium bromate) for 4, 10, and 10 days, respectively, using a static replacement bioassay technique. Newly hatched striped bass prolarvae were most sensitive to bromate and had a 96 hr median lethal concentration of (LC50) 30.8 mg/L (as bromate). Four-day-old striped bass larvae were less sensitive, with 2- to 10-day LC50s ranging from 605.0 to 92.6 mg/L bromate, resp. Juvenile spot were least sensitive, with 1- to 10-day LC50s ranging from 698.0 to 278.6 mg/L bromate, respectively.

Sodium bromate's production and use as an analytical reagent(1,2), in hair treatment formulations and in continuous or batch dyeing process in sulfur and vat dyes(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its use in gold mining applications(2) may result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

According to the 2016 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 2 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of sodium bromate in the United States may be as low as 10 workers and as high as 25 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 27,921 workers (18,633 of these were female) were potentially exposed to sodium bromate in the US(1).

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

/GUIDE 141 OXIDIZERS - TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some may burn rapidly. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

/GUIDE 141 OXIDIZERS - TOXIC/ Health: Toxic by ingestion. Inhalation of dust is toxic. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 141 OXIDIZERS - TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 141 OXIDIZERS - TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Sodium bromate (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1494; Sodium bromate

IMO 5.1; Sodium bromate

49 187 43; Sodium bromate

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Sodium bromate is included on the dangerous goods list.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Sodium bromate is included on the dangerous goods list.

Oxidizer

UN Hazard Class: 5.1; UN Pack Group: II