Sodium periodate

H271 (54.1%): May cause fire or explosion; strong Oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

H272 (45.6%): May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

H301 (17.8%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H302 (28.1%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H314 (50.6%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H315 (46.6%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (37.8%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H319 (46.9%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335 (55.6%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H372 (50%): Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400 (50.6%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P210, P220, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P283, P301+P316, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P305+P354+P338, P306+P360, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P371+P380+P375, P391, P403+P233, P405, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 320 reports by companies from 29 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H272: May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

P210, P220, P280, P370+P378, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P321, P330, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

0.19 [mg/m3]

2.1 [mg/m3]

13 [mg/m3]

White solid; [Merck Index] Colorless odorless powder; [MSDSonline]

White, tetragonal crystals

Decomposes approx 300 °C

Soluble in cold water, sulfuric, nitric, acetic acids

3.865 at 16 °C

White, efflorescent, trigonal crystals; density 3.219 at 18 °C; decomposes at 175 °C; 1 gm dissolves in 8 ml water at 20 °C /Trihydrate/

3.865 @25 °C

When heated to decomposition it emit toxic fumes of /hydrogen iodide and sodium oxide/.

Other Classes -> Halogens, Inorganic Compounds

LD50 Mouse intraperitoneal 58 mg/kg

Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells when activated with the oxidizing mitogens, neuraminidase/galactose oxidase or sodium periodate, express cytolytic activity for freshly isolated tumor cells and for a variety of cell lines, including NK-resistant solid tumor lines. Normal lymphoid cells are not targets for cytotoxicity and do not inhibit lysis of susceptible targets mediated by the oxidizing mitogen-activated mononuclear cells. The cytotoxic response is rapidly generated and reaches peak levels at 48 hr. The oxidizing mitogens induce expression of IL 2 receptors on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Combined treatment of cells with IL 2 and the oxidizing mitogens results in a marked enhancement of cytotoxicity. Enhancement is achieved at levels of IL 2 that alone result in minimal generation of cytotoxic cells.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poison A and B/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/

/SIGNS and SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation: May irritate the respiratory tract, with symptoms of coughing and possible shortness of breath.

/SIGNS and SYMPTOMS/ Ingestion: May cause gastrointestinal upset with symptoms of abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea.

/SIGNS and SYMPTOMS/ Skin Contact: Possible irritation or reddening of moist skin on prolonged contact. Eye Contact: May cause irritation, redness and pain.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Chronic Exposure: Repeated ingestions may cause kidney dysfunction or failure and blood conditions such as hemolysis. Central nervous system may be affected.

/ALTERNATIVE IN VITRO TESTS/ Sodium periodate treated lymphocytes engage in cell to cell interaction and also yield a soluble growth factor that stimulates DNA synthesis when added to naive autologous cells. Adherent cells enhance the factor mediated activity. Sodium periodate stimulated lymphocytes, treated with mitomycin C, produced no growth factor activity. Partial characterization of the factor indicates that it is non-dialyzable, resistant to ribonuclease, and sensitive to heat, trypsin, and papain.

/ALTERNATIVE IN VITRO TESTS/ T lymphocytes oxidized with the mitogen sodium periodate undergo a proliferative response when cultured in the presence of Ia+ accessory cells. ... /The authors/ have evaluated the role of Ia and the requirement for interleukin 1 (IL 1) in periodate mitogenicity by using the Ia+ cloned tumor cell lines P388AD (Ia+, IL 1 inducible) and P388NA (Ia+, IL 1 noninducible) as accessory cells. P388AD but not P388NA was able to supply accessory cell function to periodate-treated T cells, suggesting that Ia expression alone was not sufficient to reconstitute a response. Monoclonal anti-I-Ad and anti-I-Ed antibody blocked the accessory cell function of P388AD. In addition, monoclonal antibody GK 1.5, directed against the T cell determinant L3T4a, blocked the P388AD/periodate-treated T cell interaction, confirming that this interaction was restricted by class II molecules. Although Ia expression was required, the response was not major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted, because allogeneic as well as syngeneic macrophages were capable of supplying accessory cell function to periodate-treated T cells. Exogenous IL 1 alone was able to trigger periodate-treated T cells, suggesting that Ia was required for the induction of IL 1 synthesis by the accessory cells. Furthermore, purified IL 2, devoid of IL 1 activity, was able to fully reconstitute the proliferative response of accessory cell-depleted oxidized T cells to a level equal to that of whole spleen accessory cells or P388AD. These data suggest that periodate-treated T cells can proliferate with IL 1 alone and that Ia+ accessory cells in periodate-mediated T cell mitogenicity may function in the release of IL 1 and the induction of IL 2 synthesis by the T cells.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Animal experiments suggest a potential for kidney and blood cell damage, similar to that of the bromates and chlorates.

Aggravation of Pre-existing Conditions: Persons with impaired liver or kidney function may be more susceptible to the effects of this substance.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.