Chlorosulfonic acid

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P260, P261, P264, P271, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P319, P321, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H312 (50%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (68.1%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (51.4%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (100%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H372 (50%): Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P320, P321, P362+P364, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 882 reports by companies from 22 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P320, P321, P330, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H290: May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P234, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P320, P321, P330, P363, P390, P403+P233, P405, P406, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

Call a physician in all cases.

INHALATION: remove victim to fresh air; if he is not breathing, apply artificial respiration; give oxygen if breathing is difficult; do NOT induce vomiting.

SKIN: flush with plenty of water for at least 15 min. while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]:

When material is not involved in fire, do not use water on material itself.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical or CO2. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

LARGE FIRE: Flood fire area with large quantities of water, while knocking down vapors with water fog. If insufficient water supply, responders should withdraw.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not get water inside containers. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water.

Use water spray, dry chemical, foam carbon dioxide. DO NOT allow water to make contact with material, as highly acidic run-off will be formed. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Closed containers may rupture violently when heated.

Forms strong acids on contact with water.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not put water directly on leak, spill area or inside container.

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

Small Spill

· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

HCl - when spill Chlorosulfonic acid (with or without sulfur trioxide) into water.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 1754 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

When spilled in water

Small spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 30 m (100 ft)

Large spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 60 m (200 ft)

When spilled on land

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.1 km (0.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 0.1 km (0.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.5 km (0.3 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 1.7 km (1.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.3 km (0.2 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 0.3 km (0.2 mi)

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Cautiously neutralize remainder with alkaline materials, crushed limestone, sodium bicarbonate or soda ash. Then wash away with plenty of water. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents.

Spills of hazardous chemicals (such as inorganic sulfur acids, oleums of strength 35 to 65%, liquid sulfur trioxide, or chlorosulfonic acid) can be treated with high molecular weight polyacrylamide, polymethyl methacrylate or a blend of polyacrylamides. Each forms a polymer skin over the liquid surface, suppressing the fume & allowing access to the spill so that cleanup can be done in a controlled manner. Polyacrylamide variant DP 1916 is best treatment for chlorosulfonic acid & oleum 20. Polycarbonate granules used in a layer approx 80 mm thick topped off with Sorboil (an absorbent clay) is best treatment for diked spills of oleums of all strengths & liq sulfur trioxide. The acid beneath the skin is best recovered by pumping. Unconfined spills of sulfur trioxide & oleums of all strengths can be treated with excess anhydrous sodium sulfate which forms a concrete-like residue that can be sprayed with water within 1 hour, dissolving it slowly. Expanded perlite, if contained in degradable bags, will effectively absorb & contain sulfur acids. Fumes of oleum 65% arising from spillage of 80 to 750 kg can be killed within 4 to 13 min. Asphalt or concrete is slightly affected.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]:

Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not put water directly on leak, spill area or inside container. Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers. Dry. Well closed.

KEEP TIGHTLY CLOSED.

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventillated location. Separate from water, acids, alkalies, alcohols.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: mg/m3)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: mg/m3)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: mg/m3)

0.10 mg/m3

4.4 mg/m3

45 mg/m3

31 mg/m3

25 mg/m3

6.1 mg/m3

NOTE THAT VALUES ARE IN mg/m3, NOT ppm.

AEGLs Status: Interim

0.10 [mg/m3]

4.4 [mg/m3]

25 [mg/m3]

· When material is not involved in fire, do not use water on material itself.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical or CO2.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Large Fire

· Flood fire area with large quantities of water, while knocking down vapors with water fog. If insufficient water supply, responders should withdraw.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

ERPG-1: 2 mg/m3 - one hour exposure limit: 1 = mild transient health effects or objectionable odor [AIHA]

ERPG-2: 10 mg/m3 - one hour exposure limit: 2 = impaired ability to take protective action [AIHA]

ERPG-3: 30 mg/m3 - one hour exposure limit: 3 = life threatening health effects [AIHA]

Emergency Response Planning Guidelines (ERPG): ERPG(1) 2 mg/cu m (no more than mild, transient effects) for up to 1 hr exposure; ERPG(2) 10 mg/cu m (without serious, adverse effects) for up to 1 hr exposure; ERPG(3) 30 mg/cu m (not life threatening) up to 1 hr exposure.

Workplace Environmental Exposure Level (WEEL): 8-hr Time-weighted Average (TWA) 0.3 ppm.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is very corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation of the vapour may cause lung oedema. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Repeated or prolonged inhalation may cause effects on the lungs. The substance may have effects on the teeth. This may result in erosion.

Acid-proof goggles or a rubber hood, long rubber gloves, rubber shoes, long rubber apron, shirt and trousers of wool or acrylic fiber, and a hat with a brim. For emergency use involving considerable exposure, a complete rubber suit with hood, gloves and boots of rubber should be used. In case of fire use self-contained breathing apparatus. (USCG, 1999)

Personal protective equipment incl acid-proof goggles or a rubber hood, long rubber gloves, rubber shoes, long rubber apron, shirt & trousers of wool or acrylic fiber, & hat with a brim. For emergency use involving considerable exposure a complete rubber suit with hood, gloves & boots of rubber should be used. In case of fire use self-contained breathing apparatus.

NO contact with alcohol, combustible substances, reducing agents or water.

Chlorosulfonic acid appears as a colorless to yellow colored fuming liquid with a pungent odor. Density 14.7 lb / gal. Causes severe burns. Very toxic by inhalation. Corrosive to metals.

A colorless to yellow colored fuming liquid with a pungent odor; [HSDB]

COLOURLESS-TO-YELLOW LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

COLORLESS OR SLIGHTLY YELLOW LIQUID

311 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

151-152 °C AT 755 MM HG; 74-75 °C AT 19 MM HG; 60-64 °C AT 2-4 MM HG

at 100kPa: 151-152 °C

152 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-112 °F (USCG, 1999)

/COMMON SOLVENTS INCLUDE/ LIQUID SULFUR DIOXIDE, PYRIDINE, & DICHLOROETHANE.

Solubility in water: reaction

1.75 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 1.76-1.77 AT 20 °C/20 °C; 1.784 AT 0 °C/4 °C; 1.753 AT 20 °C/4 °C.

Relative density (water = 1): 1.75

1.75 @25 °C

4.02 (AIR= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.02

1.55 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

0.75 [mmHg]

1 MM HG AT 32 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 133

7.5 [mm Hg] @38.700000000000003 °C

FUMES IN AIR

Not flammable (USCG, 1999)

... If involved in a fire decomposes rapidly to produce hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid.

CORROSIVE MATERIAL.

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.437 AT 14 °C/D

DECOMPOSED BY ALCOHOL & ACIDS.

Boiling point

Corrosion

Heat of sublimation

Nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy

Quadrupole coupling

Vapor pressure

Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Other Toxic Gases & Vapors

Corrosives

Reactive agents - 2nd degree

Fumes in air. Reacts exothermically and violently with water producing sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and large quantities of dense white acid fumes [Merck, 11th ed., 1989]. Contact with water and metal produces explosive hydrogen gas (USCG, 1999).

Chlorosulfonic acid reacts vigorously with water to generate gaseous HCl. Based on a scenario where the chemical is spilled into an excess of water (at least 5 fold excess of water), half of the maximum theoretical yield of Hydrogen Chloride gas will be created in 0.04 minutes. Experimental details are in the following: "Development of the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Distances for the 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook", ANL/DIS-09-2, D.F. Brown, H.M. Hartmann, W.A. Freeman, and W.D. Haney, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, June 2009.

Acids, Strong Oxidizing

Acyl Halides, Sulfonyl Halides, and Chloroformates

Strong Oxidizing Agent

Known Catalytic Activity

Water-Reactive

CSL00157

Copper phthalocyanine + Chlorosulfonic acid

Copper phthalocyanine was added too fast to chlorosulfonic acid causing a violent formation of hydrogen chloride.

Explosive

Not Available

Substance identification sources: Copper phthalocyanine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=147-14-8 (retrieved 2022-01-27) (CAS RN: 147-14-8). Chlorosulfonic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7790-94-5 (retrieved 2022-01-27) (CAS RN: 7790-94-5).

User Reported

01/27/2022

CSL00161

Chlorosulfonic acid + 4-Chlorobenzaldehyde

Reaction resulted in an explosion.

04/22/2022

04/21/2022

CHLOROSULFONIC ACID is a strong oxidizing acid. Reacts violently with water, strong mineral acids and bases, alcohols, finely dispersed organic matter. Dangerously incompatible with combustible materials, nitrates, chlorates, metallic powders, carbides, picrates, and fulminates. Undergoes possibly violent reactions with acetic acid, acetic anhydride, acetonitrile, acrolein, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, alkali, allyl alcohol, allyl chloride, ammonium hydroxide, aniline, butyraldehyde, cresol, cumene, diethyleneglycol methyl ether, diisopropyl ether, diphenyl ether, ethyl acetate, ethyl acrylate, ethylene chlorohydrin, ethylenediamine, ethylene glycol, glyoxal, hydrocarbons (hexane, heptane), hydrogen peroxide, isoprene, powdered metals, methyl ethyl ketone, propylene oxide, vinyl acetate. When heated to decomposition, it emits toxic fumes of hydrogen chloride and oxides of sulfur [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 831]. Reaction with phosphorus accelerates out of control and culminates in an explosion [Heumann, K. et al., Ber., 1882, 15, p. 417]. Mixing chlorosulfuric acid and 98% sulfuric acid may evolve HCl [Subref: Anon, Loss Prev. Bull. 1977, (013), 2-3].

Mixing chlorosulfonic acid with either 28% ammonia, creosote oil, 36% hydrochloric acid or 48.7% hydrofluoric acid, 70% nitric acid, 2-nitropropane or 96% sulfuric acid in a closed container caused the temperature & pressure to increase. It is dangerous in contact with combustible materials, nitrates, chlorates, metallic powders, carbides, picrates & fulminates.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.

Sore throat. Cough. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Symptoms may be delayed.

Pain. Redness. Serious skin burns.

Pain. Redness. Severe deep burns.

Burning sensation. Abdominal pain. Nausea. Shock or collapse.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LC50 (rat) = 38.5 mg/m3/4hr

LC50 MOUSE INHALATION 52.5 MG/CU M/2 HR

LC50 RAT INHALATION 38.5 MG/CU M/4 HR

IN CHEMISTRY LAB, 1 PATIENT /HOLDING FLASK CONTAINING 30 ML OF CHLOROSULFONIC ACID PLUS CHLOROBENZENE AT ABOUT ROOM TEMP ACCIDENTALLY DROPPED ... IT/ INTO WATER & RESULTING EXPLOSION PROJECTED CONTENTS INTO HIS FACE ... HE WAS ABLE TO WASH ... EYES WITH WATER ... WITHIN FEW SECONDS. BURNS OF CORNEA & CONJUNCTIVA WERE RESTRICTED TO PALPEBRAL FISSURE. BURNS OF LIDS WERE MORE SEVERE /& SUBSEQUENTLY UNDERWENT INCREASING SWELLING & LOSS OF PATCHES OF SKIN./ ... WITHIN 2 WK LIDS WERE HEALING WELL & CORNEAS HAD ONLY TINY AREAS OF UNHEALED EPITHELIUM ... VISION WAS RETURNING TO NORMAL.

SYMPTOMATOLOGY ( ... INGESTION OR SKIN CONTACT): 1. CORROSION OF MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF MOUTH, THROAT ... ESOPHAGUS, WITH ... PAIN & DYSPHAGIA. NECROTIC AREAS ... GRAYISH WHITE BUT SOON ... BLACKISH DISCOLORATION (YELLOW IN CASE OF NITRIC ACID) & SOMETIMES SHRUNK OR WRINKLED TEXTURE. 2. EPIGASTRIC PAIN ... MAY BE ASSOC WITH NAUSEA & VOMITING ... INTENSE THIRST. 3. CIRCULATORY COLLAPSE ... CLAMMY SKIN, WEAK & RAPID PULSE, SHALLOW RESP ... SCANTY URINE. ... SHOCK IS OFTEN ... CAUSE OF DEATH. 4. ASPHYXIAL DEATH DUE TO GLOTTIC EDEMA. 5. ULCERATION OF ALL MEMBRANES & TISSUES WITH WHICH ACID COMES IN CONTACT. ULCERATED AREAS OFTEN PERFORATE, LEADING TO MEDIASTINITIS & PERITONITIS. 6. LATE ESOPHAGEAL, GASTRIC & PYLORIC STRUCTURES & STENOSIS ... MAY REQUIRE ... SURGICAL REPAIR, SHOULD BE ANTICIPATED. PERMANENT SCARS MAY ... APPEAR IN CORNEA, SKIN & OROPHARYNX. 7. UNCORRECTED CIRCULATORY COLLAPSE OF SEVERAL HR ... MAY LEAD TO RENAL FAILURE & ISCHEMIC LESIONS IN LIVER & HEART. /ACIDS/

... EXTREMELY CAUSTIC LIQUID WHICH GIVES OFF FUMES VERY IRRITATING TO EYES & RESP PASSAGES.

... RESP TRACT & OCULAR IRRITATION, HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN INTERNAL ORGANS WERE OBSERVED IN ACUTELY POISONED ANIMALS.

Chlorosulfonic acid may be released to the environment as a result of its manufacture and use as an intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of chemicals including detergents, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. If chlorosulfonic acid is released to soil, it will be expected to rapidly hydrolyze if the soil is moist, based upon the reported violent hydrolysis by water giving hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. Since it rapidly hydrolyzes, biodegradation, adsorption to and volatilization from moist soil are not expected to be significant processes, although no data specifically regarding the fate of chlorosulfonic acid in soil were located. Based upon a measured vapor pressure of 0.75 mm Hg at 20 °C, volatilization from dry near-surface soil or other surfaces may be significant processes. If released to water, it will be hydrolyzed violently by water producing hydrogen chloride and sulfuric acid. Based upon this rapid and violent hydrolysis, bioconcentration, biodegradation, volatilization, and adsorption to sediment and suspended solids are not expected to be significant processes. If chlorosulfonic acid is released to the atmosphere, it will be expected to exist almost entirely in the vapor phase based upon its vapor pressure. It may be susceptible to hydrolysis in moist air based upon its rapid hydrolysis in aqueous solution and the report that the chemical fumes in air. It will be susceptible to photooxidation via vapor phase reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals. An atmospheric half-life of 1.2 years at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm has been calculated for this process based upon an estimated rate constant. Exposure to chlorosulfonic acid will be primarily occupational via inhalation and possibly dermal contact. (SRC)

Chlorosulfonic acid may be released to the environment as a result of its manufacture and use as an intermediate in the synthesis of detergents, pharmaceuticals, sulfonating agents for dyes, pesticides, ion-exchange resins, anhydrous hydrogen chloride, and smoke-producing chemicals(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: If chlorosulfonic acid is released to soil, it will be expected to rapidly hydrolyze if the soil is moist, based upon the reported violent hydrolysis by water(1,SRC). Since it rapidly hydrolyzes, biodegradation, adsorption to and volatilization from moist soil are not expected to be significant processes, although no data specifically regarding the fate of chlorosulfonic acid in soil were located(SRC). Based upon a measured vapor pressure of 0.75 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), volatilization from dry near-surface soil or other surfaces may be a significant process(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: If chlorosulfonic acid is released to water, it will be hydrolyzed violently by the water producing hydrogen chloride and sulfuric acid(1). Based upon this rapid and violent hydrolysis, bioconcentration, biodegradation, volatilization, and adsorption to sediment and suspended solids are not expected to be significant processes(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: If chlorosulfonic acid is released to the atmosphere, it will be expected to exist almost entirely in the vapor phase(1) based upon a reported vapor pressure of 0.75 mm Hg at 20 °C(2). It may be susceptible to hydrolysis in moist air based upon its rapid hydrolysis in aqueous solution(4,SRC) and the report that the chemical fumes in air(5). It will be susceptible to photooxidation via vapor phase reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals. An atmospheric half-life of 1.2 years at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm has been calculated for this process based upon an estimated rate constant(3,SRC).

No data were located concerning the biodegradation of chlorosulfonic acid either in natural systems or in laboratory studies(SRC). Since chlorosulfonic acid is violently hydrolyzed in water(1), biodegradation is not expected to be a significant process(SRC).

Chlorosulfonic acid reacts violently with water, hydrolyzing to hydrogen chloride and sulfuric acid(1) which indicates that the compound has a very short half-life in aqueous media(SRC). Chlorosulfonic acid fumes in air(3) suggesting that the compound may be susceptible to hydrolysis in the atmosphere(SRC). The rate constant for the vapor phase reaction of chlorosulfonic acid with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be 0.036X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of 1.2 years at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2,SRC).

Since chlorosulfonic acid is violently hydrolyzed in water(1), bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is not expected to be a significant process(SRC).

Since chlorosulfonic acid is violently hydrolyzed in water(1), adsorption to soil is not expected to be a significant process(SRC).

Since chlorosulfonic acid is violently hydrolyzed in water(1), it is not possible to estimate the half-life for volatilization from these media(SRC). Volatilization from water and moist soil, however, is not expected to be significant relative to rapid hydrolysis(SRC). Based upon a measured vapor pressure of 0.75 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), volatilization of chlorosulfonic acid from surfaces and near-surface dry soil may be significant processes(SRC).

Exposure to chlorosulfonic acid will be primarily occupational via inhalation and possibly dermal contact. (SRC)

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 3,260 workers are potentially exposed to chlorosulfonic acid in the USA(1). NIOSH (NOHS Survey 1972-1974) has statistically estimated that 1,690 workers are potentially exposed to chlorosulfonic acid in the USA(2).

Chlorosulfonic acid may be released to the environment as a result of its manufacture and use as an intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of chemicals including detergents, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. If chlorosulfonic acid is released to soil, it will be expected to rapidly hydrolyze if the soil is moist, based upon the reported violent hydrolysis by water giving hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. Since it rapidly hydrolyzes, biodegradation, adsorption to and volatilization from moist soil are not expected to be significant processes, although no data specifically regarding the fate of chlorosulfonic acid in soil were located. Based upon a measured vapor pressure of 0.75 mm Hg at 20 °C, volatilization from dry near-surface soil or other surfaces may be significant processes. If released to water, it will be hydrolyzed violently by water producing hydrogen chloride and sulfuric acid. Based upon this rapid and violent hydrolysis, bioconcentration, biodegradation, volatilization, and adsorption to sediment and suspended solids are not expected to be significant processes. If chlorosulfonic acid is released to the atmosphere, it will be expected to exist almost entirely in the vapor phase based upon its vapor pressure. It may be susceptible to hydrolysis in moist air based upon its rapid hydrolysis in aqueous solution and the report that the chemical fumes in air. It will be susceptible to photooxidation via vapor phase reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals. An atmospheric half-life of 1.2 years at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm has been calculated for this process based upon an estimated rate constant. Exposure to chlorosulfonic acid will be primarily occupational via inhalation and possibly dermal contact. (SRC)

Chlorosulfonic acid may be released to the environment as a result of its manufacture and use as an intermediate in the synthesis of detergents, pharmaceuticals, sulfonating agents for dyes, pesticides, ion-exchange resins, anhydrous hydrogen chloride, and smoke-producing chemicals(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: If chlorosulfonic acid is released to soil, it will be expected to rapidly hydrolyze if the soil is moist, based upon the reported violent hydrolysis by water(1,SRC). Since it rapidly hydrolyzes, biodegradation, adsorption to and volatilization from moist soil are not expected to be significant processes, although no data specifically regarding the fate of chlorosulfonic acid in soil were located(SRC). Based upon a measured vapor pressure of 0.75 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), volatilization from dry near-surface soil or other surfaces may be a significant process(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: If chlorosulfonic acid is released to water, it will be hydrolyzed violently by the water producing hydrogen chloride and sulfuric acid(1). Based upon this rapid and violent hydrolysis, bioconcentration, biodegradation, volatilization, and adsorption to sediment and suspended solids are not expected to be significant processes(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: If chlorosulfonic acid is released to the atmosphere, it will be expected to exist almost entirely in the vapor phase(1) based upon a reported vapor pressure of 0.75 mm Hg at 20 °C(2). It may be susceptible to hydrolysis in moist air based upon its rapid hydrolysis in aqueous solution(4,SRC) and the report that the chemical fumes in air(5). It will be susceptible to photooxidation via vapor phase reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals. An atmospheric half-life of 1.2 years at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm has been calculated for this process based upon an estimated rate constant(3,SRC).

No data were located concerning the biodegradation of chlorosulfonic acid either in natural systems or in laboratory studies(SRC). Since chlorosulfonic acid is violently hydrolyzed in water(1), biodegradation is not expected to be a significant process(SRC).

Chlorosulfonic acid reacts violently with water, hydrolyzing to hydrogen chloride and sulfuric acid(1) which indicates that the compound has a very short half-life in aqueous media(SRC). Chlorosulfonic acid fumes in air(3) suggesting that the compound may be susceptible to hydrolysis in the atmosphere(SRC). The rate constant for the vapor phase reaction of chlorosulfonic acid with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be 0.036X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of 1.2 years at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2,SRC).

Since chlorosulfonic acid is violently hydrolyzed in water(1), bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is not expected to be a significant process(SRC).

Since chlorosulfonic acid is violently hydrolyzed in water(1), adsorption to soil is not expected to be a significant process(SRC).

Since chlorosulfonic acid is violently hydrolyzed in water(1), it is not possible to estimate the half-life for volatilization from these media(SRC). Volatilization from water and moist soil, however, is not expected to be significant relative to rapid hydrolysis(SRC). Based upon a measured vapor pressure of 0.75 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), volatilization of chlorosulfonic acid from surfaces and near-surface dry soil may be significant processes(SRC).

Exposure to chlorosulfonic acid will be primarily occupational via inhalation and possibly dermal contact. (SRC)

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 3,260 workers are potentially exposed to chlorosulfonic acid in the USA(1). NIOSH (NOHS Survey 1972-1974) has statistically estimated that 1,690 workers are potentially exposed to chlorosulfonic acid in the USA(2).

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY.

Table: Table of Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Chlorosulfonic acid (when spilled on land) [Table#2386]

Table: Table of Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Chlorosulfonic acid (when spilled in water) [Table#2387]

Table of Water-Reactive Materials Which Produce Toxic Gases

Table: Materials Which Produce Large Amounts of Toxic-by-Inhalation (TIH) Gas(es) When Spilled in Water [Table#2388]

/GUIDE 137: SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE - CORROSIVE/ Health: CORROSIVE and/or TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns, or death. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat which will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for CHLOROSULFONIC ACID (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1754; CHLOROSULFONIC ACID

IMO 8.0; CHLOROSULFONIC ACID

49 302 04; Chlorosulfonic acid

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Corrosive Poison Inhalation Hazard

Unbreakable packaging. Put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: C; R: 14-35-37; S: (1/2)-26-45

UN Hazard Class: 8; UN Pack Group: I