Thallium monochloride

H300 (100%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H330 (100%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H373 (100%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H411 (100%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P264, P270, P271, P273, P284, P301+P316, P304+P340, P316, P319, P320, P321, P330, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 44 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Not Classified

Warning: Effects may be delayed from hours to days. Caution is advised.

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Thallous Chloride Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to thallous chloride may be severe and include bronchitis, pneumonia, and respiratory paralysis. Tachycardia (rapid heart rate) may occur. Victims may experience headache, delerium, dementia, depression, psychosis, and peripheral burning sensations with severe pain. Muscle weakness and atrophy, incoordination, choreiform (spasmodic) movements, convulsions, shock, and coma may also occur. Hair loss is common. Gastrointestinal effects include increased salivation, inflammation of the oral cavity, anorexia, vomiting (may be bloody), diarrhea (may be bloody), abdominal pain, and constipation. Kidney damage has been reported.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to thallous chloride may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to thallous chloride.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Transport to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to thallous chloride.

3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. THOROUGHLY wash exposed skin areas with soap and water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Transport to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of thallous chloride is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step

4.Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age.Warning: Ingestion of thallous chloride may result in sudden onset of seizures or loss of consciousness. Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step

4.The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal.

4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults.

6. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

(Non-Specific -- Thallium Salts) Move container from fire area if you can do so without risk.

(Non-Specific -- Thallium Salts) Small fires: dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray or foam. Large fires: water spray, fog or foam. (EPA, 1998)

Water, carbon dioxide, foam, dry chemical. /Soluble thallium cmpd/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U216, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Thallium chloride is a poor candidate for incineration.

Dilute thallium soln may be disposed of in chemical waste landfills. When possible, thallium should be recovered and returned to the suppliers. Recommendable methods: Precipitation, solidification, & landfill.

Chemical Treatability of Thallium Concentration Process: Activated carbon; Chemical Classification: Metals; Scale of Study: Literature Review; Type of Wastewater Used: Unkown; Results of Study: GAC treatment after time precipitate yielded 84% reduction; /Soluble thallium cmpd/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for THALLOUS CHLORIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

If employees' clothing may have become contaminated with soluble thallium compounds, employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises. Clothing contaminated with soluble thallium compounds should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of soluble compounds from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the soluble thallium compounds, the person perfoming the operation should be informed of soluble thallium compounds's hazardous properties. Non-impervious clothing which becomes contaminated with soluble thallium compounds should be removed promptly and not reworn until the soluble thallium compound is removed from the clothing. /Soluble thallium compounds/

Skin that becomes contaminated with soluble thallium compounds should be promptly washed or showered to remove any soluble thallium compounds. Eating and smoking should not be permitted in areas where soluble thallium compound is handled, processed, or stored. Employees who handle soluble thallium compounds should wash their hands thoroughly before eating, smoking, or using toilet facilities. /Soluble thallium compounds/

Avoid inhalation. (Non-Specific -- Thallium Salts) Do not touch spilled material; stop leak if you can do so without risk.

Small spills: absorb with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal.

Small dry spills: with clean shovel place material into clean, dry container and cover; move containers from spill area.

Large spills: dike far ahead of spill for later disposal. (EPA, 1998)

0.18 [mg/m3]

2.0 [mg/m3]

23 [mg/m3]

0.1 [mg/m3], as Tl

15 mg Tl/m3 (NIOSH, 2024)

15.0 [mg/m3], as Tl (soluble compounds)

15 mg/cu m (as Tl). /Thallium (soluble cmpds, as Tl)/

0.02 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction, as Tl

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.1 mg/cu m, skin. /Thallium and soluble cmpds, as Tl/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Thallium and soluble cmpds, as Tl/

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

Respirator selection: 0.5 mg/cu m: Any dust and mist respirator, if not present as a fume. 1 mg/cu m: Any dust and mist respirator except single-use and quarter-mask respirators, if not present as a fume/Any supplied-air respirator. 2.5 mg/cu m: Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous flow mode/Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a dust and mist filter, if not present as a fume. 5 mg/cu m: Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter/Any supplied-air respirator that has a tight-fitting facepiece and is operated in a continuous-flow mode/Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a tight-fitting facepiece and a high-efficiency particulate filter/Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece/Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece. 15 mg/cu m: Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode/Any supplied-air respirator that has a full face piece and is operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. Escape: Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter/Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus. /Thallium (soluble cmpds, as Tl/

Thallous chloride is a white, crystalline powder, becomes violet on exposure to light. Used as a catalyst in chlorinations and in suntan lamps. (EPA, 1998)

White solid; [Merck Index] Off-white powder; [MSDSonline]

WHITE, CRYSTALLINE POWDER

White, regular crystal

1328 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

720 °C @760 [mm Hg]

806 °F (EPA, 1998)

303.5 °C

HYDROGEN CHLORIDE DECREASES ITS SOLUBILITY IN WATER

0.29 g/100 cc cold water @ 15.5 °C; 2.41 g/100 cc hot water @ 99.35 °C

Insol in alcohol, acetone

In water, 2,900 mg/l at 25 °C.

7 (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink

7.004 @ 30 °C/4 °C

7 @25 °C

10 mmHg at 963 °F (NTP, 1992)

7.5 [mm Hg] @504 °C

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 2.247

Discolors in air

Heat of fusion: 4260 cal/g mole; 17.7 cal/g

Becomes violet on exposure to light

... Thallium(I), forms relatively few complexes with the exception of those with halogen, oxygen, and sulfur ligands. In this & several other respects, thallium(I) has chemical properties similar to those of the alkali metal cations.

For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for THALLOUS CHLORIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

dielectric constant

pseudobinary system

crystal structure

Debye frequency

dielectricity

diffusion

piezooptic effect

interatomic angle

enthalpy

effective mass

isothermal section

molar conductivity

Gibbs energy

phase equilibrium

positional coordinate

temperature-composition section

electron conductivity

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Non-Redox-Active Inorganic Compounds

Fluorine and THALLOUS CHLORIDE react violently, melting the product [Mellor Supp. 1:63 1956]. When heated to decomposition, it emits very toxic fumes of chloride and thallium. Thallium(I) chloride is vigorously attacked by cold fluorine. A mixture of potassium and thallous chloride produces a weak explosion on impact [EPA, 1998].

A MIXTURE OF POTASSIUM AND /THALLOUS CHLORIDE/ ... PRODUCES A WEAK EXPLOSION ON IMPACT.

Chlorides ... are vigorously attacked by cold fluorine, including thallium(I)chloride, ... which become molten.

Thallium chloride

CLASSIFICATION: D; not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Based on the lack of carcinogenicity data in animals and humans. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None.

Neurotoxin - Sensorimotor

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Nephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting.

Thallium Chloride

PDF Document

Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential

SCREEN Current

PPRTV Current

EFFECT OF ADMIN OF VARIOUS AGENTS ON DISTRIBUTION IN BODY & EXCRETION OF THALLOUS CHLORIDE ((201)TL) WAS EXAMINED FOR 3 DAYS AFTER IP INJECTION OF (201)TLCL IN MICE. COMBINATION OF ORAL ADMIN OF BERLIN BLUE & SC INJECTION OF DIETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE WAS MOST EFFECTIVE IN ELIMINATING (201)TL FROM BODY.

The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to ... thallium /and thallium/ compounds at potentially hazardous levels: Initial Medical Examination: A complete history and physical examination: The purpose is to detect existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk, and to establish a baseline for future health monitoring. Examination of the eyes, nervous system, lung, liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and body hair should be stressed. Urinalysis: Since kidney damage has been observed in humans exposed to thallium, a urinalysis should be obtained to include at a minimum specific gravity, albumin, glucose, and a microscopic /examination/ on centrifuged sediment. Periodic Medical Examination: These medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis. /Thallium and thallium compounds/

Thallium is a skin sensitizer and cumulative poison which is toxic by ingestion, inhalation or skin absorption. /Soluble thallium compounds/

MONOVALENT THALLIUM SALTS ARE MORE CLOSELY RELATED, CHEMICALLY & TOXICOLOGICALLY, TO DIVALENT LEAD, ALTHOUGH ACUTE TOXICITY OF THALLIUM CMPD IS MUCH HIGHER. /MONOVALENT THALLIUM SALTS/

... DRASTIC EXPOSURE OF RABBIT EYE FOR 10 MINUTES TO A NEUTRAL SATURATED SOLN OF THALLIUM CHLORIDE, WITH EPITHELIUM ... REMOVED TO FACILITATE PENETRATION, CAUSED MODERATE EDEMA & HAZE IN CORNEA, WHICH GRADUALLY CLEARED FROM THE PERIPHERY BUT LEFT A NEBULOUS AREA AXIALLY.

DOSE- & TIME-DEPENDENT CHANGES WERE OBSERVED IN THE LUNG OF RATS FOLLOWING INTRATRACHEAL ADMIN OF 0.5 & 5 MG THALLOUS IODIDE, THALLOUS BROMIDE, OR THALLOUS CHLORIDE OR THEIR MIXTURES. ALVEOLAR EMPHYSEMA & ATELECTASIS DEVELOPED AFTER 3 MONTHS. BRONCHIAL ECTASIA, EMPHYSEMA, & PNEUMOSCLEROSIS WERE OBSERVED AT 6 MONTHS. AT 9-12 MONTHS, FIBROSIS, EMPHYSEMA, & ATELECTASIS WERE STILL NOTICEABLE, ALTHOUGH OF WEAKENING INTENSITY. THE IODIDE SALTS WERE THE MOST TOXIC.

THALLIUM CHLORIDE SHOWED ... ACTIVITY ... AGAINST ASCITIC FORM OF WALKER 256 CARCINOSARCOMA INCREASING MEDIAN SURVIVAL TIME TO GREATER THAN 700% OF THAT OF CONTROLS; 25% OF THE TUMOR-BEARING RATS WERE LONG-TERM SURVIVORS. ... HAD NO ACTIVITY AGAINST SOLID FORM OF WALKER 256 ... .

7.80e-01

1.20e+01

2.00e-01

2.00e+00

Volatile

2.30e+00

3.50e+01

6.00e-01

7.80e-01

1.20e+01

2.00e-01

2.00e+00

Volatile

2.30e+00

3.50e+01

6.00e-01

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U216, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Thallium chloride is a poor candidate for incineration.

Dilute thallium soln may be disposed of in chemical waste landfills. When possible, thallium should be recovered and returned to the suppliers. Recommendable methods: Precipitation, solidification, & landfill.

Chemical Treatability of Thallium Concentration Process: Activated carbon; Chemical Classification: Metals; Scale of Study: Literature Review; Type of Wastewater Used: Unkown; Results of Study: GAC treatment after time precipitate yielded 84% reduction; /Soluble thallium cmpd/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for THALLOUS CHLORIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.