2,3-dichloropropene

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H312: Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H302+H312+H332 (25.9%): Harmful if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H312 (100%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (100%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332 (100%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (100%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H341 (100%): Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H412 (100%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 116 reports by companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Volatile chemicals have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fire Extinguishing Agents Not to Be Used: None noted.

Fire Extinguishing Agents: Small fires: dry chemical or CO2. Large fires: water fog or spray, or foam. (USCG, 1999)

Fire extinguishing agents: small fires: dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Large fires: water fog or spray, or foam.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you should spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical in an explosion-proof refrigerator and keep it away from oxidizing materials. STORE AWAY FROM SOURCES OF IGNITION. (NTP, 1992)

10 [mg/m3]

18 [mg/m3]

110 [mg/m3]

Acute Inhalation: 0.002 ppm (Rabbit) (L893)

Rubber gloves, self-contained breathing apparatus, protective clothing. (USCG, 1999)

Rubber gloves, self-contained breathing apparatus, protective clothing.

2,3-dichloropropene is a colorless to yellow liquid with an odor of chloroform. Sinks in water. Produces irritating vapor. (USCG, 1999)

Straw-colored liquid with odor like chloroform; [HSDB]

Straw-colored liquid

Colorless to yellow

Like chloroform

201 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

94 °C @ 760 mm Hg

94 °C @760 [mm Hg]

50 °F (NTP, 1992)

59 °F (15 °C) (Tag Closed Cup)

less than 1 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)

Miscible in ethanol; soluble in ethyl ether, benzene

Soluble in chloroform

In water, 21,500 mg/l @ 25 °C

1.211 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.211 @ 20 °C/4 °C

1.211 @ 20°C

3.83 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

3.8 (air= 1)

53 mmHg at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)

61.2 [mmHg]

61.2 mm Hg @ 25 °C

61.2 [mm Hg] @25 °C

Henry's Law constant = 2.82X10-3 atm-cu m /mole @ 25 °C

1035 °F (NTP, 1992)

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride/.

-3900 cal/g

76.1 cal/g

29.9 dynes/cm @ 20 °C

Index of refraction: 1.4603 @ 20 °C

50% of 1 ppm soln after 20 min & 90% after 98 min from water at 25 °C

Reacts with aluminum, amines, and ammonia.

Conversion factor (vapors @ 25 °C/ 1 atm): 1 ppm = 4.54 mg/cu m

Schoenflies notation

Boiling point

Chemical bond

Heat of sublimation

Internuclear distance

Molecular structure

Nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Unsaturated

Polymerizable Compounds

Highly Flammable

Polymerizable

2,3-DICHLOROPROPENE is incompatible with strong oxidizers. (NTP, 1992)

The primary toxic effects of 2,3-dichloropropene are portal-of-entry effects resulting from the chemical reactivity of the compound and its physicochemical properties. Repeated irritation results in a hyperplastic response in the target tissues. It is likely that depletion of glutathione would block the major detoxification pathway for 2,3-dichloropropene, resulting in increased toxicity of organs such as the liver and kidney because of binding of reactive intermediates to macromolecules in cells (L893).

No indication of carcinogenicity (not listed by IARC). (L135)

Ingestion of 2,3-D can lead to developed gastrointestinal distress, adult respiratory distress syndrome, hematological and hepatorenal functional impairment, acute gastrointestinal distress with pulmonary congestion and edema, central nervous depression, perhaps even in the absence of impaired oxygen uptake. Moreover, this can lead to death. Coma may occur rapidly after inhalation. Severe skin irritation with marked inflammatory response of epidermis can underlying tissues can follow dermal exposure. By any route, possible late injuries to liver, kidneys and heart (T48).

Inhalation (L893) ; oral (L893) ; dermal (L893) ; eye contact (L893).

Symptoms occuring after inhalation include gasping, refusal to breathe, coughing, substernal pain; lacrimation and headache are prominant. After inhalation exposures, malaise, headache, chest and abdominal discomfort and irritability can persist during weeks or years. Moreover, Irritation of eyes and upper respiratory mucosa appears promptly after exposure to concentrated vapors. Ingestion can cause cough, sore throat, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, unconsciousness, and laboured breathing (T48, L893).

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

ATSDR Final

LCLo (rat) = 500 ppm/4h

LD50: 285 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (L893)

LD50: 1913 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (L893)

LD50 Rat oral 320 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbit skin 1580 mg/kg

Following oral exposure, administer charcoal as a slurry. Monitor liver and kidney function; elevations may not be seen for several days. Following eye exposure, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, the patient should be seen in a health care facility. Following dermal exposure, remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. Following inhalation, move patient to fresh air, even though initial symptoms and signs are mild; keep the victim quiet, in a semi-reclining position. Minimum physical activity limits the likehood of pulmonary edema. If victim is not breathing, clear the airway of secretions and resuscitate with positive pressure oxygen apparatus. If this is not available, use chest compression to sustain respiration. (T36, A568)

1. FLUSH contaminating fumigants from the skin and eyse with copious amounts of water or saline for at least 15 minutes. Some fumigants are corrosive to the cornea and may cause BLINDNESS. Specialized medical treatment should be obtained promptly following removal of toxicant by copious flushing with clean water. Skin contamination may cause BLISTERING and deep chemical burns. Absorption of some fumigants across the skin may be sufficient to cause systemic poisoning in the absence of fumigant inhalation. For all these reasons, decontamination of eyes and skin must must be IMMEDIATE and THROUGH. 2. REMOVE victims of fumigant inhalation to FRESH AIR immediately. Even though initial symptoms and signs are mild, keep the victim quiet, in a semi-reclining position. Minimum pohysical activity limits the likehood ofpulmonary edema. 3. If victim is not breathing, clear the airway of secretions and RESUSCITATE with positive poressure oxygen apparatus. If this is not available, use chest compression to sustain respiration. If victim is pulseless, employ cardiac resuscitation. 4. If PULMONARY EDEMA is evident, there are several measures avilable to sustain life. Medical judgement must be relied upon, however, in the management of each case. The following procedures are generally recommended: A. Put the victim in a SITTING position with a backrest. B. Use intermittent and/or continuous positive pressure OXYGEN to relieve hypoxemia. ... C. Slowly administer FUROSEMIDE, 40 mg, or SODIUM ETHACRYNATE, 50 mg, to reduce venous load by inducing diuresis. ... D. Morphine in small doses (5-10 mg), slowly, iv to allay anxiety and promote deeper respiratory excursions. E. Administer AMINOPHYLLINE (0.25-0.50 gm) slowly, iv. ... F. Digitalization may be considered, but there is a serious risk of arrhythmias in an anoxic and toxic myocardium. G. TRACHEOSTOMY may be necessary in some cases to facilitate aspiration of large amounts of pulmonary edema fluid. H. Epinephrine, atorpine, and expectorants are generally not helpful, and may complicate treatment. I. Watch for RECURRENT PULMONARY EDEMA, even up to 2 weeks after the initial episode. Limit victim's physical activity for at least 4 weeks. Severe physical weakness usually indicates persistent pulmonary injury. Serial pulmonary function testing may be useful in assessing recovery. 5. Combat SHOCK by placing victim in the Trendelenburg position and administering plasma, whole blood, and/or electrolyte and glucose solutions intravenously, with great care, to avoid pulmonary edema. Central venous pressure should be monitored continously. Vasopressor amines must be given with great caution, because of the irritability of the myocardium. 6. Control CONVULSIONS. Seizures are most likely to occur in poisonings by methyl bromide, hydrogen cyanide, acrylonitrile, phosphine, and carbon disulfide. ... /Fumigant poisoning/

7. If a FUMIGANT LIQUID OR SOLID has been INGESTED less than several hours prior to treatment, quantities remaining in the stomach must be removed as effectively as possible by gastric intubation, aspiration, and lavage, after all possible precautions have been taken to protect the respiratory tract from aspirated gasric contents. A. Put in place a cuffed ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE prior to gastric intubation. Administer OXYGEN, using a mechanical ventilator if respiration is depressed. B. Lavage the stomach with a slurry of ACTIVATED CHARCOAL in saline or water. Leave a volume of the slurry in the stomach with an appropriate dose of sorbitol as cathartic ... . C. If treatment is delayed and if the patient remains fully alert, adminsiter activated charcoal and sorbitol orally. ... Repeated administration of charcoal at half or more the initial dosage every 2-4 hours may be beneficial. D. Do not given vegetable or animal fats or oils, which enhance gastrointestinal absorption of many of the fumigant compounds. 8. Intravenous infusions of GLUCOSE are valuable in limiting the heptotoxicity of many substances. Monitor central venous presure to avoid precipitating, or aggravating, pulmonary edema by fluid overlaod. The victim should be watched closely for indications of delayed or recurrent pulmonary edema, and for bronchophenumonia. Fluid balance should be monitored, and urine sediment should be checked regularly for indications of tubular injury. Measure serum alkaline phosphatase, LDH, ALT, AST, and bilirubin to assess liver injury. 9. HEMOPERFUSION OVER ACTIVATED CHARCOAL has been used in managing a case of carbon tetrachloride poisoning with apparent success. ... 10. EXTRACORPOREAL HEMODIALYSIS may be needed to regulate extracellular fluid composition if renal failure supervenes. It is probably not very effective in removing lipophilic fumigant compounds from blood, but is, of course, effective in controlling extracellular fluid composition if renal failure occurs. /Fumigant poisoning/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Dichloropropane, dichloropropene, and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in severe respiratory distress. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Dichloropropane, dichloropropene, and related compounds/

Stabilization: Treatment is largely supportive. Watch for respiratory depression & arrhythmias. Obtain arterial blood gases. Administer oxygen if there is evidence of altered mental status or dyspnea. Treat hypotension with volume expansion & vasopression. Use lidocaine or beta-blockers for ventricular arrhythmias. Skin: Remove contaminated clothing. Wash affected area with soap & copious amounts or water. Eye: Irrigate the eye for 15-20 min. Obtain a consultation if symptoms persist. Oral: Most of the halogenated solvents ingested in quantities of 1-2 swallows may be partially removed by ipecac-induced emesis if admin within a few hr to a patient who has not lost the gag reflex, is not seizing, is not markedly lethargic, or is not in coma. Observe the patient in the upright position to lessen the possibility of aspiration. Activated charcoal is probably ineffective. Inhalation: Move from the contaminated area. Provide a source of oxygen & prepare for mechanical ventilation. If the patient is unconscious & the pulse is absent, initiate CPR measures. Enhancement of Elimination: Maintain good ventilation. Hemodialysis or hemoperfusion are not likely to be useful because of the high lipophilic properties of these solvents. Antidote: N-acetylcysteine may restore depleted glutathione stores, but no adequate clinical studies are available to validate this possible treatment. Supportive Care: Watch for cardiac dysrhythmias, aspiration pneumonitis, hepatotoxicity, & hypoxic encephalopathy. Monitor for arrhythmia for at least 24 hr & for hepatorenal failure for about 3 days. Obtain a chest x-ray, arterial blood gas, EKG, serum creatinine, & hepatic aminotransferase. Check electrolyte imbalance daily. Treat renal failure with dialysis & hepatic failure with fresh frozen plasma, vitamin K, a low-protein diet, neomycin, & lactulose. Watch fluid & electrolyte balance. /Halogenated hydrocarbons/

Intense irritation of eyes, skin, & resp mucosa. /Dichloropropene/

Symptomatology: 1A) Inhalation, high vapor concn: gasping, refusal to breathe, coughing, substernal pain, & extreme respiratory distress at vapor concn over 1500 ppm. Irritation of eyes & upper respiratory mucosa appears promptly after exposure to concentrated vapors. Lacrimation & headache are prominent. Coma may occur rapidly. B) Inhalation, low vapor concn: central nervous depression & moderate irritation of respiratory system. Headache is frequent. 2) Dermal: severe skin irritation with marked inflammatory response of epidermis & underlying tissues. 3) Oral: acute gastrointestinal distress with pulmonary congestion & edema. Central nervous depression, perhaps even in the absence of impaired oxygen uptake. 4) By any route, possible late injuries to liver, kidneys & heart. 5) After inhalation exposures, malaise, headache, chest & abdominal discomfort & irritability have been reported to persist for several weeks & perhaps for several years.

TESTED ON RABBIT EYES, GRADED 5 ON SCALE OF 1 TO 10. /SUBSTANCES DESIGNATED IN THIS MANNER HAVE BEEN TESTED EXTERNALLY ON EYES OF RABBITS & HAVE BEEN RATED NUMERICALLY ON SCALE OF 1-10 ACCORDING TO DEGREE OF INJURY OBSERVED AFTER 24 HR. MOST SEVERE INJURIES HAVE BEEN RATED 10/.

2,3-DICHLORO-1-PROPENE WAS FOUND TO BE MUTAGENIC IN SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM STRAINS TA1535 AND TA100, USING THE AMES TEST.

DICHLOROPROPENES WERE MORE DIRECTLY MUTAGENIC THAN ALLYL CHLORIDE: 2,3-DICHLORO-1-PROPENE MUCH LESS THAN TRANS- LESS THAN CIS-1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE. ADDITION OF RAT LIVER S-9 MIXT INCR MUTAGENICITY BY A FACTOR OF 35. SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM TA100 IN AMES TEST WAS USED.

Thirteen allylic compounds, mostly with close structural relationship were tested for their ability to induce unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in HeLa cells and mutations in the Ames test; 11 induced UDS in a dose dependent /manner/. ... In general, positive qualitative and quantitative correlation between UDS, Ames test and alkylating properties (as measured in the 4-nitrobenzyl-pyridine test) were found. Among structural analogs and typical allylic compounds with various leaving groups, the amount of induced DNA repair at equimolar concentrations decreased in the same order as the mutagenic and alkylating activities in the other 2 test systems: 1,3-dichloropropene (cis) > 1,3-dichloropropene (trans) > 2-3-dichloro-1-propene; 1-chloro-2-butene > 3-chloro-1-butene > 3-chloro-2-methyl-1-propene > allyl chloride; allyl-methane-sulfonate > -iodide > -bromide > -chloride.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 2,3-DICHLORO-1-PROPENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=78-88-6]

The mutagenicity of 2,3-dichloropropane (DCP) was evaluated in Salmonella tester strains TA89, TA100, and TA1535, both in the presence and absence of added metabolic activation by Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 fraction. Based on preliminary bacterial toxicity determinations, DCP was tested for mutagenicity at levels of 0.0014, 0.0056, 0.028, 0.14, 0.42, and 1.40 ul/plate using the liquid preincubation technique. DCP caused a reproducible positive response in tester strain TA100 both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation and in TA1535 in the absence of activation. A significant dose response (p < 0.01) was observed.

The effect of 2,3-dichloropropene (DCP) was examined in the rat hepatocyte primary culture/DNA repair assay. Based on preliminary toxicity tests, DCP, diluted with DMSO, was tested at unit concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1x10(-8)% (0.1% and 0.01% were cytotoxic). Exposure to DCP was for 18-20 hrs. Concentrations from 0.001 to 1x10(-8)% were neither cytotoxic nor genotoxic (minimum net grain count < 5 above that observed for solvent controls).

2,3-Dichloro-1-propene's occurrence as in impurity in some pesticides and fumigants is expected to result in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 61.2 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 2,3-dichloro-1-propene will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,3-dichloro-1-propene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 days. If released to soil, 2,3-dichloro-1-propene is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 67. Based on slow rates in soil, biodegradation in water is not expected to be an important environmental fate process. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.82X10-3 atm-cu m/mole. 2,3-Dichloro-1-propene may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation in soil proceeds slowly. If released into water, 2,3-dichloro-1-propene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hrs and 4 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 8 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. The hydrolysis half-life of 2,3-dichloro-1-propene is approximately 27 days at 29 °C, with the formation of 2-chloro-3-hydroxy-1-propene. Occupational exposure to 2,3-dichloro-1-propene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2,3-dichloro-1-propene is produced or where products containing this compound as an impurity are produced or used. (SRC)

... dichloropropenes can enter the aquatic environment as discharge from industrial effluents, by runoff from agricultural land, and from municipal effluent.

2,3-Dichloro-1-propene's occurrence as an impurity in the pesticide Telone(1) and the fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene(2) is expected to result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 67(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 2,150 mg/l(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2,3-dichloro-1-propene is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2,3-dichloro-1-propene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 2.82X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(4). The potential for volatilization of 2,3-dichloro-1-propene from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon a vapor pressure of 61.2 mm Hg(5). Based on extremely slow degradation in soil(6), biodegradation in water is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 67(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 2,150 mg/l(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2,3-dichloro-1-propene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.82X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hrs and 4 days, respectively(SRC). 2,3-Dichloropropene is hydrolysed, with a half-life of approximately 27 days, at 29 °C(7). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 8(SRC), from its water solubiulity of 2,150 mg/l(2) and a regression-derived equation(5) suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation in soil was shown to be extremely slow(8) and, therefore, it is not expected to be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,3-dichloro-1-propene, which has a vapor pressure of 61.2 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,3-dichloro-1-propene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 8.6X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3).

AEROBIC: The total degradation of 1,2-dichloropropane and 1,3- and 2,3-dichloropropenes in soil at normal field rates was extremely slow. The half-life of 2,3-dichloropropene was 4 times as long as those of the other compounds tested.

Dichloropropenes have been shown to undergo photochemical formation of free radicals. /Dichloropropenes/

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2,3-dichloro-1-propene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 8.6X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2,3-dichloro-1-propene with ozone has been estimated as 2.2X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(3). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 51 days at an atmospheric concn of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(4). 2,3-Dichloropropene is hydrolysed, with a half-life of approximately 27 days, at 29 °C(6). Dichloro-1-propene is not expected to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm). 2,3-Dichloro-1-propene adsorbed on silica gel is mineralized when it is exposed to radiation from a Hg-high pressure lamp which has passed through a pyrex filter (absorbs radiation <290 nm) in the presence of pure oxygen(5). In 6 days of irradiation 50-90% of CO2 or HCl/Cl2 was produced(5). Hydrolysis of 2,3-dichloro-1-propene leads to the formation of 2-chloro-3-hydroxy-1-propene with a half-life of 27 days at 29 °C(6) and 22 days at 25 °C(7).

An estimated BCF of 8 was calculated for 2,3-dichloro-1-propene(SRC), using a water solubility of 2,150 mg/l(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

2,3-Dichloro-1-propene's occurrence as in impurity in some pesticides and fumigants is expected to result in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 61.2 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 2,3-dichloro-1-propene will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,3-dichloro-1-propene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 days. If released to soil, 2,3-dichloro-1-propene is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 67. Based on slow rates in soil, biodegradation in water is not expected to be an important environmental fate process. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.82X10-3 atm-cu m/mole. 2,3-Dichloro-1-propene may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation in soil proceeds slowly. If released into water, 2,3-dichloro-1-propene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hrs and 4 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 8 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. The hydrolysis half-life of 2,3-dichloro-1-propene is approximately 27 days at 29 °C, with the formation of 2-chloro-3-hydroxy-1-propene. Occupational exposure to 2,3-dichloro-1-propene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2,3-dichloro-1-propene is produced or where products containing this compound as an impurity are produced or used. (SRC)

... dichloropropenes can enter the aquatic environment as discharge from industrial effluents, by runoff from agricultural land, and from municipal effluent.

2,3-Dichloro-1-propene's occurrence as an impurity in the pesticide Telone(1) and the fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene(2) is expected to result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 67(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 2,150 mg/l(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2,3-dichloro-1-propene is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2,3-dichloro-1-propene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 2.82X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(4). The potential for volatilization of 2,3-dichloro-1-propene from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon a vapor pressure of 61.2 mm Hg(5). Based on extremely slow degradation in soil(6), biodegradation in water is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 67(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 2,150 mg/l(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2,3-dichloro-1-propene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.82X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hrs and 4 days, respectively(SRC). 2,3-Dichloropropene is hydrolysed, with a half-life of approximately 27 days, at 29 °C(7). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 8(SRC), from its water solubiulity of 2,150 mg/l(2) and a regression-derived equation(5) suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation in soil was shown to be extremely slow(8) and, therefore, it is not expected to be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,3-dichloro-1-propene, which has a vapor pressure of 61.2 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,3-dichloro-1-propene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 8.6X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3).

AEROBIC: The total degradation of 1,2-dichloropropane and 1,3- and 2,3-dichloropropenes in soil at normal field rates was extremely slow. The half-life of 2,3-dichloropropene was 4 times as long as those of the other compounds tested.

Dichloropropenes have been shown to undergo photochemical formation of free radicals. /Dichloropropenes/

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2,3-dichloro-1-propene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 8.6X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2,3-dichloro-1-propene with ozone has been estimated as 2.2X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(3). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 51 days at an atmospheric concn of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(4). 2,3-Dichloropropene is hydrolysed, with a half-life of approximately 27 days, at 29 °C(6). Dichloro-1-propene is not expected to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm). 2,3-Dichloro-1-propene adsorbed on silica gel is mineralized when it is exposed to radiation from a Hg-high pressure lamp which has passed through a pyrex filter (absorbs radiation <290 nm) in the presence of pure oxygen(5). In 6 days of irradiation 50-90% of CO2 or HCl/Cl2 was produced(5). Hydrolysis of 2,3-dichloro-1-propene leads to the formation of 2-chloro-3-hydroxy-1-propene with a half-life of 27 days at 29 °C(6) and 22 days at 25 °C(7).

An estimated BCF of 8 was calculated for 2,3-dichloro-1-propene(SRC), using a water solubility of 2,150 mg/l(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of 2,3-dichloro-1-propene is estimated as 67(SRC), using a water solubility of 2,150 mg/l(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2,3-dichloro-1-propene is expected to have high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 2,3-dichloro-1-propene is 2.82X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2,3-dichloro-1-propene is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 3 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4 days(SRC). 2,3-Dichloro-1-propene's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 2,3-dichloro-1-propene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 61.2 mm Hg(3).

GROUNDWATER: Groundwater samples of the Abbotsford aquifer located in British Columbia, Canada were analyzed for 2,3-dichloropropene concs(1). In this area of the country, soil fumigants, containing 2,3-dichlorpropene impurities, were used primarily for the control of pathogenic nematodes in raspberry production. 2,3-Dichloropropene was detected in three of the 42 domestic wells analyzed in the study; all within the same area. Maximum measured 2,3-dichloropropene concn was 0.67 ug/l(1). Researchers found that concns changed with depth; highest in the intermediate depth (6.3 m) and lowest at the deeper depth (12.3 m). Concns also appeared to be higher during the fall and winter recharge period(1).

DRINKING WATER: 2,3-Dichloro-1-propene was either not detected or found at <0.1 ug/l in 42 raw or 42 treated water samples collected from nine municipalities along the Great Lakes between July-August, 1982, January-February, 1983, and April-May, 1983(1).

SURFACE WATER: 2,3-Dichloro-1-propene was detected, not quantified, in Love Canal, Niagara Falls, NY water samples(1).

SOIL: 2,3-Dichloro-1-propene was detected not quantified in Love Canal, Niagara Falls, NY soil samples(1).

SOIL: Dichloropropene, isomer not specified, was detected, not quantified in soil samples from Ville Mercier, Quebec, Canada(1). /Dichloropropene/

SEDIMENT: 2,3-Dichloro-1-propene was detected, not quantified, in Love Canal, Niagara Falls, NY sediment samples(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: 2,3-Dichloro-1-propene was detected in the US (16 samples) at a median concn of 7.3 parts/trillion, with 570 parts/trillion maximum for all dichloropropene isomers(1). RURAL/REMOTE: 2,3-Dichloro-1-propene was sampled for but not detected in the Grand Canyon, AZ (7 samples)(1).

Dichloropropene was detected in 1 of 8 samples of mother's milk from 4 urban areas in the US, but the isomer was not specified(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 302 workers (3 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 2,3-dichloro-1-propene in the US(1). The NOES Survey does not include farm workers. Occupational exposure to 2,3-dichloro-1-propene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2,3-dichloro-1-propene is produced or where products containing this compound as an impurity are produced or used(SRC).

Dichloropropene was detected in 1 of 8 samples of mother's milk from 4 urban areas in the US but the isomer was not specified(1).

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Dichloropropenes/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Dichloropropenes/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Dichloropropenes/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Dichloropropenes/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2,3-DICHLORO-1-PROPENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2047; Dichloropropenes

IMO 3.3; Dichloropropenes

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid