Propylene Chlorohydrin

H226 (100%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H302+H312+H332 (50%): Harmful if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H312 (100%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332 (100%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P321, P330, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 2 reports by companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: Wash skin with soap and water. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.).

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

"ALCOHOL" FOAM

To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

Small Spill

· Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you should spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Seal the absorbent paper, as well as any of your clothing which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash any surfaces you may have contaminated with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should protect this material from exposure to light, and store it in a refrigerator. (NTP, 1992)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

SMALL SPILL: Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

1.0 [ppm]

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. Splash proof safety goggles should be worn while handling this chemical. Alternatively, a full face respirator, equipped as above, may be used to provide simultaneous eye and respiratory protection.

RECOMMENDED GLOVE MATERIALS: If this chemical makes direct contact with your gloves, or if a tear, puncture or hole develops, replace them at once.

Glove Type Model Number Thickness Bkthru Time

Nitrile Edmont 37-175 0.64 mm 190 min

PVA Edmont 25-545 0.89 mm 480 min

PVC Edmont 34-100 0.20 mm 5 min

Viton North F-101 0.36 mm 480 min

Butyl rubber North B-144 0.43 mm 480 min (NTP, 1992)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

2-chloro-1-propanol is a clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. (NTP, 1992)

Propylene chlorohydrin appears as a colorless liquid with a mild odor. Toxic upon prolonged exposure to low concentrations of the vapor or to short exposure to high concentrations of the vapor by inhalation. Used in the manufacture of various organic chemicals.

Colorless liquid with a pleasant odor; [Merck Index]

COLORLESS LIQUID

PLEASANT ODOR

271 to 273 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

133-134 °C

133.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

125 °F (NTP, 1992)

125 °F (52 °C) (CLOSED CUP)

Soluble (NTP, 1992)

SOL IN WATER, ALCOHOL

SOL IN ETHER, ETHANOL

1.1 (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

1.103 @ 20 °C

3.26 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

3.3 (AIR= 1)

5.25 [mmHg]

5.25 mm Hg @ 20 °C

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride/.

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.4362 @ 20 °C/D

Other Classes -> Halogenated Alcohols

DOUGH STRENGTHENER -> FDA Substance added to food

Water soluble.

Flammable. Water soluble.

Alcohols and Polyols

Halogenated Organic Compounds

2-CHLORO-1-PROPANOL may be sensitive to prolonged exposure to light. This chemical can react with oxidizing agents. (NTP, 1992).

PROPYLENE CHLOROHYDRIN generates flammable and/or toxic gases with alcohols, with alkali metals, nitrides, and other strong reducing agents. Reacts with acids to form esters plus water. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

LCLo (rat) > 500 ppm/4h

LD50 Rat oral 218 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbit skin 529 mg/kg

LD50 Guinea pig oral 720 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 100 to 300 mg/kg, 381 mg/kg, and 0.22 mL/kg

LD50 Rabbit dermal is 480 mg/kg, 0.48 mL/kg, and 0.5 g/kg

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Higher alcohols (> 3 carbons) and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or has severe pulmonary edema. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques, with a bag-valve-mask device, may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia (decreased LOC, tachycardia, pallor, dilated pupils, diaphoresis, and/or dextrose strip or glucometer readings below 50 mg) and administer 50% dextrose if necessary ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Higher alcohols (> 3 carbons) and related compounds/

RATED 7 ON RABBIT EYES. ...TESTED EXTERNALLY ON EYES OF RABBITS &...RATED NUMERICALLY ON SCALE OF 1-10 ACCORDING TO DEGREE OF INJURY...AFTER 24 HR /OBSERVATION/, PAYING PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO CONDITION OF CORNEA. MOST SEVERE INJURIES HAVE BEEN RATED 10.

MODIFIED AMES TEST WITHOUT LIVER-MICROSOME ACTIVATION SYSTEM TESTED ACTIVITIES OF ETHYLENE- & PROPYLENE OXIDE & CMPD PRESENT IN FOODS AFTER FUMIGATION WITH THEM. 2-CHLORO-1-PROPANOL INDUCED DOSE-DEPENDENT INCR REVERTANT MUTATIONS IN HIS-S TYPHIMURIUM TA1535 & TA100.

Rats given 15 exposures by inhalation (6 hr each) of 250 ppm 1-chloro-2-propanol displayed lethargy, irregular weight gains, congestion, and perivascular edema in the lungs. At 100 ppm, the lungs were observed congested with perivascular edema; no effects were observed at 30 ppm. In a 21 day oral study, rats were dosed with either 7.6, 25.4, or 76 mg/kg/day propylene chlorohydrin ... . No systemic toxicity was observed.

In a 13 week study, Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed by oral gavage with 1, 7, and 50 mg/kg/day propylene chlorohydrin (75:25 1-chloro-2-propanol and 2-chloro-1-propanol). ... No findings of note except for histopathological changes in the acinar cells of the pancreas.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 2-CHLORO-1-PROPANOL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2-Chloro-1-propanol's production and use in the preparation of propylene oxide may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an experimental vapor pressure of 5.25 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 2-chloro-1-propanol will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-chloro-1-propanol will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7 days. If released to soil, 2-chloro-1-propanol is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 2. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.7X10-6 atm-cu m/mole. The importance of biodegradation in soil and water is unknown. If released into water, 2-chloro-1-propanol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in the water column based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. 2-Chloro-1-propanol may slowly hydrolyze in basic waters with a half-life of approximately 140 days at pH 8. Occupational exposure to 2-chloro-1-propanol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-chloro-1-propanol is produced or used. (SRC)

2-Chloro-1-propanol's production and use in the preparation of propylene oxide(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-chloro-1-propanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2-chloro-1-propanol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.7X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), obtained using a fragment constant estimation method(3). 2-Chloro-1-propanol may volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an experimental vapor pressure of 5.25 mm Hg(4). The importance of biodegradation in soil is unknown.

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-chloro-1-propanol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be important(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.7X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). The importance of biodegradation in water is unknown. According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(3,SRC), from an estimated log Kow(6,SRC), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 2-Chloro-1-propanol may slowly hydrolyze with a half-life of approximately 140 days at pH 8(7).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-chloro-1-propanol, which has an experimental vapor pressure of 5.25 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-chloro-1-propanol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7 days(SRC) from its estimated rate constant of 2.27X10-12 atm cu m/mol(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-chloro-1-propanol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.3X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 7 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). By analogy to 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol, which has a neutral first-order hydrolysis rate constant of 5.3X10-5 1/s and a base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 20.6 L/mole-hour(2), 2-chloro-1-propanol is expected to have a half-live of approximately 1.5 years at pH 7 and 140 days at pH 8(3,SRC). 2-Chloro-1-propanol is not expected to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental spectrum(3).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for 2-chloro-1-propanol(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 0.53(1,SRC) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 2-chloro-1-propanol can be estimated to be about 2(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-chloro-1-propanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 2-chloro-1-propanol is estimated as 1.7X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2-chloro-1-propanol is expected to be essentially nonvolatile(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 210 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 1500 days(SRC). 2-Chloro-1-propanol's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC). 2-Chloro-1-propanol may volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an experimental vapor pressure of 5.25 mm Hg(3).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 219 workers (6 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 2-chloro-1-propanol in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 2-chloro-1-propanol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-chloro-1-propanol is produced or used(SRC).

2-Chloro-1-propanol's production and use in the preparation of propylene oxide may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an experimental vapor pressure of 5.25 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 2-chloro-1-propanol will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-chloro-1-propanol will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7 days. If released to soil, 2-chloro-1-propanol is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 2. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.7X10-6 atm-cu m/mole. The importance of biodegradation in soil and water is unknown. If released into water, 2-chloro-1-propanol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in the water column based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. 2-Chloro-1-propanol may slowly hydrolyze in basic waters with a half-life of approximately 140 days at pH 8. Occupational exposure to 2-chloro-1-propanol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-chloro-1-propanol is produced or used. (SRC)

2-Chloro-1-propanol's production and use in the preparation of propylene oxide(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-chloro-1-propanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2-chloro-1-propanol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.7X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), obtained using a fragment constant estimation method(3). 2-Chloro-1-propanol may volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an experimental vapor pressure of 5.25 mm Hg(4). The importance of biodegradation in soil is unknown.

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-chloro-1-propanol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be important(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.7X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). The importance of biodegradation in water is unknown. According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(3,SRC), from an estimated log Kow(6,SRC), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 2-Chloro-1-propanol may slowly hydrolyze with a half-life of approximately 140 days at pH 8(7).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-chloro-1-propanol, which has an experimental vapor pressure of 5.25 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-chloro-1-propanol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7 days(SRC) from its estimated rate constant of 2.27X10-12 atm cu m/mol(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-chloro-1-propanol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.3X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 7 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). By analogy to 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol, which has a neutral first-order hydrolysis rate constant of 5.3X10-5 1/s and a base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 20.6 L/mole-hour(2), 2-chloro-1-propanol is expected to have a half-live of approximately 1.5 years at pH 7 and 140 days at pH 8(3,SRC). 2-Chloro-1-propanol is not expected to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental spectrum(3).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for 2-chloro-1-propanol(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 0.53(1,SRC) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 2-chloro-1-propanol can be estimated to be about 2(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-chloro-1-propanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 2-chloro-1-propanol is estimated as 1.7X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2-chloro-1-propanol is expected to be essentially nonvolatile(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 210 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 1500 days(SRC). 2-Chloro-1-propanol's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC). 2-Chloro-1-propanol may volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an experimental vapor pressure of 5.25 mm Hg(3).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 219 workers (6 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 2-chloro-1-propanol in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 2-chloro-1-propanol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-chloro-1-propanol is produced or used(SRC).

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2-CHLORO-1-PROPANOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2611; 2-Chloro-propanol

IMO 6.1; 2-Chloro-1-propanol

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Poison Flammable Liquid