(+-)-2-Butanol

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264+P265, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (1 of 2777) of reports.

H226 (> 99.9%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H319 (> 99.9%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335 (99.5%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336 (95.2%): May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 2777 reports by companies from 44 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 2777 reports by companies.

There are 43 notifications provided by 2776 of 2777 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H226 (100%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335 (95.5%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336 (100%): May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 356 reports by companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264+P265, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P318, P319, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H303: May be harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264+P265, P271, P280, P301+P317, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P318, P319, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for sec-Butyl alcohol:

Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: WATER FLUSH PROMPTLY - If this chemical contacts the skin, flush the contaminated skin with water promptly. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water promptly. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Water flush promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, flush the contaminated skin with water promptly. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water promptly. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

WATER SPRAY, ALCOHOL FOAM, CARBON DIOXIDE, DRY CHEMICAL

Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

1. REMOVE ALL IGNITION SOURCES. 2. VENTILATE AREA OF SPILL OR LEAK. 3. FOR SMALL QUANTITIES ABSORB ON PAPER TOWELS. EVAPORATE IN SAFE PLACE (SUCH AS FUME HOOD). ALLOW SUFFICIENT TIME FOR EVAPORATING VAPORS TO ... CLEAR HOOD DUCTWORK. BURN PAPER IN SUITABLE LOCATION AWAY FROM COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS. LARGE QUANTITIES CAN BE COLLECTED AND ATOMIZED IN A SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

1. BY ABSORBING IT IN VERMICULITE, DRY SAND, EARTH OR SIMILAR MATERIAL & DISPOSING IN SECURED SANITARY LANDFILL. 2. BY ATOMIZING IN SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER.

s-Butyl alcohol is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.

Incineration: Spray waste material into the firebox of an incinerator. Combustion may be improved by mixing with a more flammable solvent.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

VENTILATION CONTROL: THE BASIC VENTILATION METHODS ARE LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION AND DILUTION OR GENERAL VENTILATION. ... SUBSTITUTION OF LESS IRRITATING SUBSTANCES ... REDESIGN OF OPERATIONS ... PREVENT CONTACT, PROVISION OF A PHYSICAL BARRIER AGAINST CONTACT, PROPER WASHING FACILITIES, WORK CLOTHING AND STORAGE FACILITIES, PROTECTIVE CLOTHING, AND BARRIER CREAMS. MEDICAL CONTROL ...

Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible, when such controls are in the process of being installed, or when they fail and need to be supplemented. Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels, and in emergency situations. ... Clothing wet with liquid sec-butyl alcohol should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of sec-butyl alcohol from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the sec-butyl alcohol, the person performing the operation should be informed of sec-butyl alcohol's hazardous properties. Any clothing which becomes wet with liquid sec-butyl alcohol should be removed immediately and not reworn until the sec-butyl alcohol is removed from the clothing.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for SEC-BUTYL ALCOHOL (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants and aluminium.

... STORE IN PLACES THAT ARE COOL ... PROVIDE ADEQUATE VENTILATION ... LOCATE ... STORAGE AREA WELL AWAY FROM AREAS OF FIRE HAZARD ... KEEP ... FROM POWERFUL OXIDIZING AGENTS ... EXPLOSIVES, OR MATERIALS WHICH REACT WITH AIR OR MOISTURE TO EVOLVE HEAT.

150 [ppm]

220 [ppm]

10000** [ppm]

100 ppm (305 mg/m³)

150 ppm (455 mg/m³)

TWA 100 ppm (305 mg/m3) ST 150 ppm (455 mg/m3)

150.0 [ppm]

150 ppm (450 mg/m³)

TWA 150 ppm (450 mg/m3) See Appendix G

2000 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

2000.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: The chosen IDLH is based on the statements by Patty [1963] that 10,670 ppm for 225 minutes and 16,000 ppm for 160 minutes were fatal for mice [Weese 1928]. According to Patty [1963], at 20,000 ppm it took 12 to 20 minutes to produce prostration in mice and 40 minutes to produce narcosis; no deaths occurred [Starrek 1938]. The chosen IDLH is probably conservative.

2000 ppm

See: 78922

100.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 100 ppm /sec-Butanol/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed three times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 min during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed five times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /sec-Butanol/

100 ppm as TWA

Other recommendations: Australia: TWA 100 ppm, STEL 150 ppm; Federal Republic of Germany: 100 ppm, short-term level 200 ppm, 30 min, 4 times/ shift; Sweden: 50 ppm, short-term value 75 ppm, 15-min, skin; United Kingdom: 100 ppm, 10-min STEL 150 ppm.

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes and upper respiratory tract. Exposure far above the OEL could cause lowering of consciousness. If swallowed the substance may cause vomiting and could result in aspiration pneumonitis.

The substance defats the skin, which may cause dryness or cracking.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for sec-Butyl alcohol:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET (FLAMMABLE) - Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard (i.e., for liquids with a flash point <100 °F).

Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift. (NIOSH, 2024)

If the use of respirators is necessary, the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. ... Employees should be provided with and required to use, impervious clothing, gloves, face shields (eight inch minimum), and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent repeated or prolonged skin contact with liquid sec-butyl alcohol. ... Employees should be provided with and required to use splash proof safety goggles where liquid sec-butyl alcohol may contact the eyes.

Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles.

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for SEC-BUTYL ALCOHOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Up to 1000 ppm:

(APF = 10) Any chemical cartridge respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s)*

(APF = 10) Any supplied-air respirator*

Up to 2000 ppm:

(APF = 25) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode*

(APF = 25) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s)*

(APF = 50) Any chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and organic vapor cartridge(s)

Sec-butyl alcohol appears as a clear colorless liquid with an alcohol odor. Flash point below 0 °F. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air. Soluble in water. Moderately irritates the eyes and skin. Prolonged and repeated contact may cause defatting and drying of the skin. Vapors may irritate the nose, throat and respiratory tract. May be harmful by ingestion.

Colorless liquid with a strong, pleasant odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless liquid with a strong, pleasant odor.

Colorless liquid

HAS A STRONG VINOUS ODOR

Wine odor liquid

Strong, pleasant odor

211 °F at 760 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)

99.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

99.5 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-175 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

-114.7 °C

75 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

24 °C (75 °F) (closed cup)

31 °C (open cup) /dl-2-butanol/

24 °C c.c.

16 % (NIOSH, 2024)

125,000 mg/l water at 20 °C

Sol in 12 parts water; miscible with alcohol and ether

Very soluble in acetone; miscible in ethanol and ethyl ether

In water, 181,000 mg/l @ 25 °C

181 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: ≈21 (good)

0.81 (NIOSH, 2024) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8063 at 20 °C/4 °C

1 MG/L IS EQUIVALENT TO 330 PPM & 1 PPM IS EQUIVALENT TO 3.03 MG/CU M AT 25 °C, 760 MM HG; DENSITY OF SATURATED AIR 1.05 (AIR = 1); 3.14% IN SATURATED AIR @ 30 °C

Ratio of specific heats of vapor: 1.080; Saturated liquid density: 50.190 lb/cu ft at 70 °F; Latent heat of vaporization: 243 BTU/lb= 135 cal/g= 5.65X10+5 J/kg; Reid vapor pressure: 0.2 psia

Relative density (water = 1): 0.81

0.808 @ 20°C

2.6 (Air= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.55

12 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)

18.3 [mmHg]

18.3 mm Hg @ 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 1.7

10 [mm Hg] @20 °C

log Kow= 0.61

Henry's Law constant = 9.06X10-6 atm-cu m/mol @ 25 °C

FEASIBLE AUTO OXIDATION BY ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN TO FORM PEROXIDES & PEROXY CMPD

Highly flammable. Soluble in water.

Alcohols and Polyols

Highly Flammable

Attacks plastics. [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 236]. Acetyl bromide reacts violently with alcohols or water (Merck 11th ed. 1989). Mixtures of alcohols with concentrated sulfuric acid and strong hydrogen peroxide can cause explosions. Example: An explosion will occur if dimethylbenzylcarbinol is added to 90% hydrogen peroxide then acidified with concentrated sulfuric acid. Mixtures of ethyl alcohol with concentrated hydrogen peroxide form powerful explosives. Mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and 1-phenyl-2-methyl propyl alcohol tend to explode if acidified with 70% sulfuric acid [Chem. Eng. News 45(43):73 1967; J, Org. Chem. 28:1893 1963]. Alkyl hypochlorites are violently explosive. They are readily obtained by reacting hypochlorous acid and alcohols either in aqueous solution or mixed aqueous-carbon tetrachloride solutions. Chlorine plus alcohols would similarly yield alkyl hypochlorites. They decompose in the cold and explode on exposure to sunlight or heat. Tertiary hypochlorites are less unstable than secondary or primary hypochlorites [NFPA 491 M 1991]. Base-catalysed reactions of isocyanates with alcohols should be carried out in inert solvents. Such reactions in the absence of solvents often occur with explosive violence [Wischmeyer 1969].

Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fires and ... explosions.

Butanol, used as a solvent in an autoclave preparation at 100 °C, severely attacked the aluminum gasket, liberating hydrogen which caused a sharp rise in pressure. /Butanol/

Strong oxidizers, organic peroxides, perchloric & permonosulfuric acids.

Ignites on contact with chromium trioxide.

Strong oxidizers, organic peroxides, perchloric & permonosulfuric acids

2-Butanol

B: Compounds that form peroxides on concentration (distillation/evaporation)

11 samples had 3 to &gt; 1000 ppm, age &gt; 1 yr

An explosion occured during the distillation of a 10 yr old sample of the alcohol (the sample contained 12% peroxides). Another explosion of a 12 yr old sample occured during distillation. See Bretherick's.

Posdev, V. S. et al., Chem. Abs., 1977, 86, 194347

Peterson, D., Chem. Eng. News, 1981, 59(19), 3

Sharpless, T. W., J. Chem. Educ., 1984, 61, 476

Doyle, R. R., Chem. Eng. News, 1986, 64(7), 4:

J. Chem. Educ., 1986, 63(20), 186

Sax, N. I., "Dangerous Properties in Industrial Materials," 4th ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 1979, p. 44

Scott, G., "Atmospheric Oxidation and Autoxidants,” Elsevier Publishing Co., New York, 1965, p. 19.

Jackson, H. L., et al., J. Chem. Educ., 47, A175 (1970).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Headache. Dizziness. Drowsiness.

Dry skin.

Redness. Pain.

Dizziness. Drowsiness.

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat; narcosis

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

sec-Butyl alcohol

2 mg/kg-day

3 x 10^1 mg/m^3

PDF Document

Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential

PPRTV Current

LCLo (rat) = 16,000 ppm/4H

LD50 Rat oral 6.48 g/kg

LD50 Rabbit oral 4.9 g/kg bw

LD50 Guinea pig ip 1.1 g/kg bw

LD50 Hamster ip 1.2 g/kg bw

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for SEC-BUTYL ALCOHOL (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

... Ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, and tert-butanol ... exert a ... potentiating effect on the acute inhalation toxicity of carbon tetrachloride. ... Interaction between isopropanol & carbon tetrachloride was documented in an industrial accident ... where workers exposed to both agents exhibited hepatotoxicity. With ethanol the potentiation seems to be due to the presence of the unmetabolized alcohol; however, with isopropanol the effect seems to be caused by the presence of both unmetabolized alcohol and acetone. The results obtained with n-butanol resemble those of ethanol, whereas with 2-butanol they resemble those of isopropanol ... .

ADDING 1 G/L OF PROPAN-1-OL, PROPAN-2-OL, BUTAN-1-OL, BUTAN-2-OL, ISOBUTANOL TO 40% ETHANOL IN ORANGE JUICE LOWERED AND DELAYED BLOOD ETHANOL MAX IN TEN 20-30 YR OLD MEN WHO DRANK 3.75 ML/KG OF SYNTHETIC BEVERAGE.

2-Butanol at high concentrations potentiated carbon tetrachloride liver toxicity in rodents, probably due to the enhancement of the biotransformation of carbon tetrachloride to cytotoxic metabolites by activation of selective cytochrome p450 isozymes.

Basic Treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Higher alcohols (>3 carbons) and related compounds/

Advanced Treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or has severe pulmonary edema. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques, with a bag-valve-mask device, may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia (decreased LOC, tachycardia, pallor, dilated pupils, diaphoresis, and/or dextrose strip or glucometer readings below 50 mg) and administer 50% dextrose if necessary ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Higher alcohols (>3 carbons) and related compounds/

... Employee who is exposed to sec-butyl alcohol at potentially hazardous levels ... should be screened for history of certain medical conditions ... /skin disease, liver disease, kidney disease, eye disease, chronic resp disease/ which might place the employee at incr risk from sec-butyl alcohol exposure. ... Any employee developing these ... conditions should be referred for further medical exam.

... BUTYL ALCOHOLS HAVE PRODUCED FEW CASES OF POISONING IN INDUSTRY BECAUSE OF THEIR LOW VOLATILITY. /BUTYL ALCOHOLS/

Symptomatology: 1. Central nervous system: headache, muscle weakness, giddiness, ataxia, confusion, delirium, coma. 2. Gastrointestinal: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (odor of the alcohol in excreta). 3. Irritation of skin, eyes, throat from vapor or liquid. Cough and dyspnea. 4. Death from resp failure. 5. Disturbances of cardiac rhythm. 6. Occasional complications: a. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage b. Renal damage with glycosuria c. Liver damage d. Cardiac failure e. Pulmonary edema ... /Alcohols (higher)/

TWO PT WITH ALCOHOL DERMATITIS & HYPERSENSITIVITY TO PRIMARY ALCOHOLS WERE TESTED FOR HYPERSENSITIVITY TO SECONDARY ALCOHOLS. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHICALLY PURE 2-BUTANOL PRODUCED AN INTENSE ECZEMATOUS RESPONSE IN BOTH.

Short term exposure: Overexposure to sec-butyl alcohol may cause ... headache, dizziness, and drowsiness. Long term exposure: Drying and cracking of the skin may result from prolonged skin exposure.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SEC-BUTYL ALCOHOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

FIVE OF 6 RATS EXPOSED AT 16000 PPM OF SEC-BUTYL ALCOHOL VAPOR FOR 4 HR DIED. THIS WAS MORE THAN TWICE THE MAXIMAL CONCENTRATION ATTAINABLE WITH N-BUTANOL THAT CAUSED NO DEATHS IN 8 HOURS.

sec-Butyl alcohol has been tested externally on the eyes of rabbits & ... rated 4 on scale of 1 to 10 according to the degree of injury observed after 24 hr. The most severely injurious substances have been rated 10.

... 2-Butanol ... /was not found/ to be irritating to the skin of the rabbit. ... Concn of 10,670 ppm (32.3 mg/l) for 225 min and 16,000 ppm (48.5 mg/l) for 160 min were fatal for mice. Mice subjected repeatedly to a concn of 5330 ppm (16.2 mg/l) 2-butanol for a total of 117 hr ... /showed CNS depression/, but survived. ... Groups of mice (2 in each) were exposed ... for decr lengths of time (300, 190, 75, 60, 45, and 40 min) to incr concn of sec-butyl alcohol in the air ... /ranging from 3300 ppm (10 mg/l) to 19800 ppm (60 mg/l)/. ... at 3300 ppm, ataxia, prostration, and ... /CNS depression/ became evident in 51 to 100 min, 120 to 180 min, and 300 min respectively, whereas ... at 19800 ppm these signs appeared in 7 to 8 min, 12 to 20 min, and 40 min respectively. ... sec-Butyl alcohol markedly incr the respiration rate of rabbits given 2 ml/kg orally. Based upon the effects of ip injections into mice ... the optically isomeric sec-butyl alcohols were equal in anesthetic activity.

In the rat, the order of incr lethality by single-dose oral admin is ... ethyl, isopropyl (and sec-butyl), n-butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl ... alcohols.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SEC-BUTYL ALCOHOL (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LD50 Carassius auratus (Goldfish) 4300 mg/l/24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnows) 3670 g/l/96 hr (95% confidence limit 3380-3990 g/l); age 30 days old, water hardness 43.6 mg/l (CaCO3), temp 24.4 °C, pH 7.82, dissolved oxygen 7.5 mg/l, alkalinity 41.4 mg/l (CaCO3) /Type of bioassay not specified/ /dl-2-Butanol/

Toxicity Threshold (Cell Multiplication Inhibition Test) Entosiphon sulcatum (protozoa) 1280 mg/l

LD50 Carassius auratus (Goldfish) 4300 mg/l/24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnows) 3670 g/l/96 hr (95% confidence limit 3380-3990 g/l); age 30 days old, water hardness 43.6 mg/l (CaCO3), temp 24.4 °C, pH 7.82, dissolved oxygen 7.5 mg/l, alkalinity 41.4 mg/l (CaCO3) /Type of bioassay not specified/ /dl-2-Butanol/

Toxicity Threshold (Cell Multiplication Inhibition Test) Entosiphon sulcatum (protozoa) 1280 mg/l

Toxicity Threshold (Cell Multiplication Inhibition Test) Uronema parduczi Chatton-Lwoff (protozoa) 1416 mg/l

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for SEC-BUTYL ALCOHOL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1.30e+05

1.50e+06

3.10e+04

2.40e+04

8.0E+01(G)

5.00e+00

2.00e+00

3.00e+01

Volatile

2.13e+04

4.00e+05

4.40e+06

9.40e+04

3.90e+05

7.30e+04

8.0E+01 (G)

sec-Butyl alcohol's production and use as a solvent for many natural resins, an ingredient in paint removers and industrial cleaners and as a chemical intermediate in the production of methyl ethyl ketone may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. sec-Butyl alcohol is an aroma component of apples and pears and is also found in poultry manure. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 18.3 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates sec-butyl alcohol will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase sec-butyl alcohol will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 40 hours. If released to soil, sec-butyl alcohol is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 50. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 9.06X10-6 atm-cu m/mole. sec-Butyl alcohol may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Screening tests using sewage seed or activated sludge have shown that sec-butyl alcohol degrades rapidly. sec-Butyl alcohol achieved 44.2 and 72.3% of its theoretical BOD after 10 and 20 day incubation periods, respectively using a domestic sewage sludge inoculum. If released into water, sec-butyl alcohol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important environmental fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 and 29 days, respectively. In a river die-away test, sec-butyl alcohol achieved 55% of its theoretical BOD in 5 days, suggesting biodegradation will be an important fate process. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where sec-butyl alcohol is produced or used. The general population is exposed to sec-butyl alcohol through the ingestion of foods that contain this compound. (SRC)

sec-Butyl alcohol is an aroma component of apples and pears(1) and is also found in poultry manure(2).

sec-Butyl alcohol's production and use as a solvent for many natural resins, an ingredient in paint removers and industrial cleaners(1) and as a chemical intermediate in the production of methyl ethyl ketone(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 50(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.61(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that sec-butyl alcohol is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of sec-butyl alcohol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 9.06X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(4). The potential for volatilization of sec-butyl alcohol from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon a vapor pressure of 18.3 mm Hg(5). Biodegradation is expected to be an important fate process for this compound in soil surfaces(SRC). sec-Butyl alcohol achieved 44.2 and 72.3% of its theoretical BOD after 10 and 20 day incubation periods, respectively using a domestic sewage sludge inoculum(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 50(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.61(2) and a regression- derived equation(3), indicates that sec-butyl alcohol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 9.06X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 and 29, days respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. In a river die-away test, sec-butyl alcohol achieved 55% of its theoretical BOD in 5 days(7), suggesting biodegradation will be an important fate process(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), sec-butyl alcohol, which has a vapor pressure of 18.3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase sec-butyl alcohol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC). The half-life for the reaction in air with hydroxyl radicals is estimated to be 40 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.6X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3).

... Adapted activated sludge /bench scale activated sludges fill and draw operations/: Product as sole carbon source- 98.5%, removal at 55.0 mg COD (chemical oxygen demand)/g dry inoculum/hr

AEROBIC: sec-Butyl alcohol biodegrades rapidly in screening tests using a sewage or activated sludge inoculum. sec-Butyl alcohol reached 83% of its theoretical BOD using a sewage sludge inoculum during a 5 day incubation period(1) and 33% of its theoretical BOD using a second sewage sludge inoculum in 5 days(2). sec-Butyl alcohol achieved 44.2 and 72.3% of its theoretical BOD after 10 and 20 day incubation periods, respectively, using a domestic sewage sludge inoculum(3) and 81.7% of its theoretical BOD after 5 days using a sewage sludge inoculum(4). sec-Butyl alcohol achieved 9.3% of its theoretical BOD using an activated sludge inoculum after 1 day(5) and 98.5% after 5 days(6). In a semi-automatic activated sludge system (SCAS) simulating a treatment plant, 98% of the theoretical BOD was achieved in 4 hours(7). In a river die-away test, sec-butyl alcohol achieved 55% of its theoretical BOD in 5 days(8). sec-Butyl alcohol, present at 100 mg/l, reached 73.5% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/l and the Japanese MITI test(9).

ANAEROBIC: sec-Butyl alcohol is also amenable to anaerobic biodegradation(1). In one study, 100% degradation was obtained after a 14 day lag period by acetate-acclimated methanogenic cultures(2). In a long-term study using anaerobic upflow filters and acetate enriched cultures, a 93% utilization rate was obtained after 52 days of operation(2).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of sec-butyl alcohol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 9.6X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 40 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). sec-Butyl alcohol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(2) nor to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for sec-butyl alcohol(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.61(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of sec-butyl alcohol is estimated as 50(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.61(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that sec-butyl alcohol is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for sec-butyl alcohol is 9.06X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that sec-butyl alcohol is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 2 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 29 days(SRC). sec-Butyl alcohol's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of sec-butyl alcohol from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon a vapor pressure of 18.5 mm Hg(3).

DRINKING WATER: sec-Butyl alcohol was identified, not quantified, in drinking water from Ottumwa, IA(1). It was also identified, but not quantified, in drinking water wells in China underneath land that was spread with sewage(2).

SURFACE WATER: sec-Butyl alcohol was identified, not quantified, in the Niagara River(1).

In a comprehensive survey of wastewater from 4,000 industrial and publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) sponsored by the Effluent Guidelines Division of the U.S. EPA, sec-Butyl alcohol was identified in discharges of the following industrial category (positive occurrences, median concn in ppb): leather tanning (1; 46.7), petroleum refining (1; 149.3), paint and ink (1; 324.7), organics and plastics (2; 35.4), pesticides manufacture (1; 36.2), pharmaceuticals (1; 4.6), foundries (1; 41.0), electronics (1; 19.9), mechanical products (3; 90.6), publicly owned treatment works (3; 12.4)(1). The highest effluent concn was 920.1 ppb in the mechanical products industry(1). sec-Butyl alcohol was found in landfill leachate from 1 of 5 sites in Connecticut(2). The concentration of sec-butyl alcohol in this leachate ranged from 6.2 to 14.9 ppm(2). Trench leachate from the Maxey Flats, KY and West Valley, NY disposal sites also contained sec-butyl alcohol(3). sec-Butyl alcohol was identified, not quantified, in the volatile emissions of furniture coatings(4). sec-Butyl alcohol was detected at concns ranging from 1 to 272 mg/cu m in landfill gas from 7 waste disposal sites in the United Kingdom(5). sec-Butyl alcohol was identified, not quantified, in the volatile emissions of common garden waste(6).

sec-Butyl alcohol was identified, not quantified, in forest air in the Southern Black Forest of Germany(1). Sampling at Tucson, AZ and two rural sites 40 km away for light weight alcohols failed to detect any sec-butyl alcohol either in air or precipitation(2).

sec-Butyl alcohol is found in many diverse food items. It has been identified as a volatile component of baked potatoes(1), apples and pears(2), a gruyere-type cheese, fried bacon, roasted filberts(3), and dry legumes(4). sec-Butyl alcohol was detected in soybeans at concns of 406.3 to 3458.3 ug/kg(5). sec-Butyl alcohol was identified, not quantified, in grain(6).

sec-Butyl alcohol was found in a sample of mussel at a concn of 0.27 ppm(1). The mussel sample was collected off the coast of Japan(1).

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

1. BY ABSORBING IT IN VERMICULITE, DRY SAND, EARTH OR SIMILAR MATERIAL & DISPOSING IN SECURED SANITARY LANDFILL. 2. BY ATOMIZING IN SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER.

s-Butyl alcohol is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.

Incineration: Spray waste material into the firebox of an incinerator. Combustion may be improved by mixing with a more flammable solvent.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Butanols/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Butanols/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Butanols/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Butanols/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for SEC-BUTYL ALCOHOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1120; Butanols

IMO 3.2; Butanols

49 091 29; 2-Butanol

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

Symbol: Xi; R: 10-36/37-67; S: (2)-7/9-13-24/25-26-46; Note: C

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: III