Methyl vinyl ketone

H225 (99.4%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H300 (100%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310 (45.5%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314 (97.4%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (44.8%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318 (27.9%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (97.4%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H400 (45.5%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (45.5%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 154 reports by companies from 14 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H224: Extremely flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H305: May be harmful if swallowed and enters airways [Warning Aspiration hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P320, P321, P330, P331, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

Warning: This material is readily absorbed through the skin, causing general poisoning similar to other ketones.

Signs and Symptoms of Methyl Vinyl Ketone Exposure: Acute exposure of methyl vinyl ketone to the eyes may result in lacrimation, ocular pain and irritation, and corneal damage. Tachycardia (rapid heart beat), hypothermia, metabolic acidosis, nausea, and vomiting may be noted. Skin exposure to the liquid or vapor may result in dermatitis and paresthesia (burning or tickling sensation) of affected areas. Following inhalation, neurological effects include CNS depression, headache, dizziness, fainting, tremors, and coma.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to methyl vinyl ketone may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to methyl vinyl ketone.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Transport to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to methyl vinyl ketone.

3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Transport to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. DO NOT induce vomiting.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Give the victims water or milk: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup). Water or milk should be given only if victims are conscious and alert.

5. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

Use water to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing. Isolate for 1/2 mile in all directions if tank car or truck is involved in fire.

Use dry chemical, alcohol foam, or carbon dioxide. Water spray may be ineffective as an extinguishing agent. Small fires: dry chemical, carbon dioxide, and foam. Large fires: fog or foam. Move container from fire area if you can do so without risk. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Spray cooling water on containers that are exposed to flames until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety device or any discoloration of tank due to fire. (EPA, 1998)

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Use dry chemical, "alcohol resistant" foam, carbon dioxide, or water spray. Water may be ineffective. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance. Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomp products.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Methyl vinyl ketone, stabilized/

Evaculation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius. /Methyl vinyl ketone, stabilized/

... The inhibited monomer may ... polymerize if heated sufficiently (by exposure to fire) and lead to rupture of the containing vessel.

Vapors are heavier than air and may travel to a source of ignition and flash back. Closed containers may rupture violently when heated. Reacts violently with a broad range of materials under fire conditions. Combustion may produce irritants and toxic gases.

... Vapors are uninhibited and may form polymers and block the vents ... A harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

Small Spill

· Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic; polymerization hazard]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 1251 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Small spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 100 m (300 ft)

Large spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 800 m (2500 ft)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.3 km (0.2 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 0.7 km (0.5 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 1.7 km (1.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 2.8 km (1.8 mi)

Remove all ignition sources. Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Environmental considerations: air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. /Methyl vinyl ketone, stabilized/

Environmental considerations: water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. /Methyl vinyl ketone, stabilized/

Environmental considerations: land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding are to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. /Methyl vinyl ketone, stabilized/

Eliminate all ignition sources. Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without indue risk. Use water spray to cool and disperse vapors, protect personnel, and dilute spills to form nonflammable mixtures. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.

Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent and remove to safe place. Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic; polymerization hazard]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

SMALL SPILL: Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Cool. Keep in the dark. Separated from strong reducing agents, strong oxidants and strong bases. Store only if stabilized.

3-Buten-2-one can only be stored in stabilized form at room temperature.

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Store away from heat, oxidizing materials, and sunlight. Separate from alkalies, reducing agents. Outside or detached storage is preferred.

Fireproof ... Keep in the dark ... Store only if stabilized.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

AEGLs Status: Interim

0.17 [ppm]

1.2 [ppm]

2.4 [ppm]

0.01 [ppm]

Ceiling Limit: 0.2 ppm, skin, sensitizer

(ceiling value): 0.01 ppm as STEL.

0.001 ppm [2018]

skin absorption (H); sensitization of skin (SH)

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

Lachrymation. The substance is corrosive to the eyes and skin. Corrosive on ingestion. The vapour is severely irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. Inhalation may cause lung oedema. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system.

Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization.

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

Wear special protective clothing and positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. Attacks all protective garments except Teflon.

Self contained breathing apparatus with full face piece ... chemical goggles or face piece of breathing apparatus.

Personnel protection: ... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. ... /Methyl vinyl ketone, stabilized/

Face shield, or or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting.

Methyl vinyl ketone appears as a clear colorless liquid with a pungent odor. Flash point 20 °F. May polymerize with the release of heat under exposure to heat or contamination. Less dense than water. Highly toxic by inhalation. Causes burns to skin, eyes and mucous membranes.

Colorless liquid with a pungent odor; [HSDB] Colorless to pale yellow liquid with a strong irritating odor; [CHRIS]

COLOURLESS-TO-YELLOW LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

A clear colorless liquid with a pungent odor.

Colorless liquid

Pungent odor

Odor concn (low) = 0.5720 mg/cu m. Odor concn (high) = 0.5720 mg/cu m.

179 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

Forms binary azeotrope with water; BP: 75 °C at 760 mm Hg (12% water) ... polymerizes on standing.

81.4 °C @760 [mm Hg]

20 °F (EPA, 1998)

FP: 20 °F = -7 °C = 266 deg K

20 °F (-7 °C) (Closed cup)

30 °F (open cup)

-7 °C c.c.

greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)

Easily sol in methanol, ethanol, ether, acetone, glacial acetic acid; slightly sol in hydrocarbons.

Slightly soluble in carbon tetrachloride; soluble in benzene

Solubility in water: good

0.8407 to 0.8636 at 68 to 77 °F (EPA, 1998)

0.8636 at 20 °C/4 °C; 0.8407 at 25 °C/4 °C

Saturated vapor density = 0.01714 lb/cu ft at 70 °F

Relative density (water = 1): 0.86

0.86 @ 20°C

2.41 (EPA, 1998) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

2.41 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.4

86 mmHg at 72 °F ; 276 mmHg at 124 °F; 661 mmHg at 167 °F (NTP, 1992)

83.9 [mmHg]

Vapor pressure, kPa at 25 °C: 11

86 mmHg at 72 °F

152 [mm Hg] @25 °C

0.117 (estimated)

Henry's Law constant = 4.65X10-5 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C

POLYMERIZES ON STANDING

915 °F (USCG, 1999)

915 °F (491 °C)

0.807 Cp at 70 °F

203 BTU/lb = 113 cal/g = 4.73x10+5 J/kg

... The inhibited monomer may ... polymerize if heated sufficiently (by exposure to fire) and lead to rupture of the containing vessel.

Highly flammable. Miscible with water. Unstable in the presence of heat, light and air.

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Unsaturated

Polymerizable Compounds

Highly Flammable

Polymerizable

METHYL VINYL KETONE is incompatible with strong oxidizers and strong bases. It polymerizes spontaneously upon exposure to heat or sunlight. This polymerization may cause violent ruptures in containers. (NTP, 1992).

... can react with oxidizing materials.

... Attacks all protective garments except Teflon.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

Burning sensation. Cough. Sore throat. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Headache. Dizziness. Tremor. Symptoms may be delayed.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain. Skin burns. Further see Inhalation.

Watering of the eyes. Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.

Burning sensation. Abdominal pain. Shock or collapse. Further see Inhalation.

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LC50 (rat) = 7 mg/m3/4hr

LC50 Mouse inhalation 8 mg/cu m/4 hr

LC50 Rat inhalation 7 mg/cu m/4 hr

LD50 Mouse oral 23.3 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 23.1 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for METHYL VINYL KETONE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

An added stabilizer or inhibitor can influence the toxicological properties of this substance, consult an expert.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . For contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Ketones and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ketones and related compounds/

FIRST AID: Inhalation--Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed ... The symptoms of lung oedema often do not become manifest until a few hours have passed and they are aggravated by physical effort. Rest and medical observation is therefore essential .... Refer for medical attention; Skin--Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention; Eyes--First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then take to a doctor; Ingestion--Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give plenty of water to drink. Refer for medical attention.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ EFFECTS OF SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE: Lacrimation ... /Methyl vinyl ketone/ is corrosive to the eyes and the skin. Corrosive on ingestion. The vapor is severely irritating to the eyes and the respiratory tract. Inhalation of the substance may cause lung edema ... The symptoms of lung edema often do not become manifest until a few hours have passed and they are aggravated by physical effort ... The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM OR REPEATED EXPOSURE: Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Severe health hazard. May be fatal if absorbed through skin or inhaled. Causes severe tearing. Irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory system.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... /Methyl vinyl ketone/ is a skin irritant and lacrimator. In synthetic rubber industry in Czechoslovakia it has been suspected of causing conjunctivitis and injury to corneal epithelium.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation exposure to methyl vinyl ketone can produce an anesthetic type of respiratory depression, dyspnea, and gasping.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for METHYL VINYL KETONE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ A postmortem examination on a male albino rat administered 0.2 mL of MVK by mouth (which resulted in cardiac arrest within 24 hours) revealed petechial pulmonary hemorrhages, "spectacle eye" (erythrodacryorrhea), and marked distention of the gastrointestinal tract.[NTP; Executive Summary Methyl Vinyl Ketone (78-94-4) (January 1992). Available from, as of November 02, 2006: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/index.cfm?objectid=03DB450B-B5DE-6081-1DF1947BFBD4EEF0]

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Effects on the upper respiratory tract of the rat occur at a dosage of 0.5 mL/cu m for 13 weeks (6 hours/day, 5 days/week). The same exposure causes changes in the liver weight and the blood counts of mice.[GDCh-Advisory Committee; GDCh-Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals (BUA): Methyl Vinyl Ketone (BUA Report 233, June 2001). Available from, as of November 02, 2006: http://www.hirzel.de/bua-report/PDF/Summary_Report233.pdf]

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ A maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in mice by intraperitoneal injection was established as 15.7 mg/kg.[NTP; Executive Summary Methyl Vinyl Ketone (78-94-4) (January 1992). Available from, as of November 02, 2006: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/index.cfm?objectid=03DB450B-B5DE-6081-1DF1947BFBD4EEF0]

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ A 90-day study resulted in effects on the testes, epididymis, and sperm count of male rats, which are supposedly attributed to the decrease in body weight; the mice and female rats showed no effects.[GDCh-Advisory Committee; GDCh-Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals (BUA): Methyl Vinyl Ketone (BUA Report 233, June 2001). Available from, as of November 02, 2006: http://www.hirzel.de/bua-report/PDF/Summary_Report233.pdf]

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for METHYL VINYL KETONE (22 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=78-94-4]

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green algae); Conditions: freshwater; static; Concentration: 120 ug/L (95% confidence limit: 0 to 610 ug/L) for 96 hr; Effect: population, biomass /active ingredient/

EC50; Species: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ciliated protozoan); Conditions: not specified; Concentration: 2.17 mg/L/40 hr; Effects: cell-multiplication inhibition

EC50; Species: Selenastrum capricornutum (algae)); Conditions: not specified; Concentration: 0.13 mg/L/96 hr; Effects: biomass

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ A 24 hr germination test with the mold Cladosporium cladosporioides with methyl vinyl ketone showed an almost complete, yet reversible, suppression of spore germination as of 0.2 mg/L.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ ... 24 hr and 48 hr EC0 /no effect/ values of 0.25 mg/L and 0.125 mg/L, respectively, were found with respect to the swimming inability of Daphnia magna.

Methyl vinyl ketone's production and use as a component of ionomer resins and a precursor of styrene-methyl vinyl ketone polymers may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Methyl vinyl ketone has been identified in the volatile emissions of trees and has been found in crabs. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 152 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates methyl vinyl ketone will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase methyl vinyl ketone will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone; the half-life for these reactions in air are estimated to be 20 days and 2.4 days, respectively. Methyl vinyl ketone will also react with atmospheric nitrate with a half-life of 2.1 days. If released to soil, methyl vinyl ketone is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 3.8. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 4.65X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. Methyl vinyl ketone may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. A 0% theoretical BOD in 5 days using an acclimated sewage inoculum suggests that biodegradation may not be an important environmental fate process. If released into water, methyl vinyl ketone is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 18 hours and 8.1 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3.2 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to methyl vinyl ketone may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where methyl vinyl ketone is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to methyl vinyl ketone via inhalation of ambient air and ingestion of food. (SRC)

Methyl vinyl ketone has been identified in the emissions from southern red oak(1), aspen(2) and European oak(2) trees. Methyl vinyl ketone was found in charybdis feriatus crabs at 0.1 ug/kg, 0.1 ug/kg, and 6.7 ug/kg in the leg, body and carapace, respectively(3).

Methyl vinyl ketone's production and use as a component of ionomer resins(1) and a precursor of styrene-methyl vinyl ketone polymers(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3.8(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that methyl vinyl ketone is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of methyl vinyl ketone from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 4.65X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(3). Methyl vinyl ketone is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 152 mm(4). A 0% theoretical BOD in 5 days using an acclimated sewage inoculum(5,6) suggests that biodegradation may not be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green algae); Conditions: freshwater; static; Concentration: 120 ug/L (95% confidence limit: 0 to 610 ug/L) for 96 hr; Effect: population, biomass /active ingredient/

EC50; Species: Tetrahymena pyriformis (ciliated protozoan); Conditions: not specified; Concentration: 2.17 mg/L/40 hr; Effects: cell-multiplication inhibition

EC50; Species: Selenastrum capricornutum (algae)); Conditions: not specified; Concentration: 0.13 mg/L/96 hr; Effects: biomass

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ A 24 hr germination test with the mold Cladosporium cladosporioides with methyl vinyl ketone showed an almost complete, yet reversible, suppression of spore germination as of 0.2 mg/L.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ ... 24 hr and 48 hr EC0 /no effect/ values of 0.25 mg/L and 0.125 mg/L, respectively, were found with respect to the swimming inability of Daphnia magna.

Methyl vinyl ketone's production and use as a component of ionomer resins and a precursor of styrene-methyl vinyl ketone polymers may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Methyl vinyl ketone has been identified in the volatile emissions of trees and has been found in crabs. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 152 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates methyl vinyl ketone will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase methyl vinyl ketone will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone; the half-life for these reactions in air are estimated to be 20 days and 2.4 days, respectively. Methyl vinyl ketone will also react with atmospheric nitrate with a half-life of 2.1 days. If released to soil, methyl vinyl ketone is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 3.8. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 4.65X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. Methyl vinyl ketone may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. A 0% theoretical BOD in 5 days using an acclimated sewage inoculum suggests that biodegradation may not be an important environmental fate process. If released into water, methyl vinyl ketone is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 18 hours and 8.1 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3.2 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to methyl vinyl ketone may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where methyl vinyl ketone is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to methyl vinyl ketone via inhalation of ambient air and ingestion of food. (SRC)

Methyl vinyl ketone has been identified in the emissions from southern red oak(1), aspen(2) and European oak(2) trees. Methyl vinyl ketone was found in charybdis feriatus crabs at 0.1 ug/kg, 0.1 ug/kg, and 6.7 ug/kg in the leg, body and carapace, respectively(3).

Methyl vinyl ketone's production and use as a component of ionomer resins(1) and a precursor of styrene-methyl vinyl ketone polymers(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3.8(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that methyl vinyl ketone is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of methyl vinyl ketone from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 4.65X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(3). Methyl vinyl ketone is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 152 mm(4). A 0% theoretical BOD in 5 days using an acclimated sewage inoculum(5,6) suggests that biodegradation may not be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3.8(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that methyl vinyl ketone is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 4.65X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 18 hours and 8.1 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3.2(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 0.41(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A 0% theoretical BOD in 5 days using an acclimated sewage inoculum(8,9) suggests that biodegradation may not be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), methyl vinyl ketone, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 152 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase methyl vinyl ketone is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 20 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.88X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of methyl vinyl ketone with ozone has been estimated as 4.7X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(4). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2.4 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(5). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of methyl vinyl ketone with nitrate has been estimated as 1.62X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(6). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2.1 days at an atmospheric concentration of 2.4X10+8 nitrate molecules per cu cm(7).

AEROBIC: A theoretical BOD of 10% was determined for methyl vinyl ketone over a 5-day incubation period using the French AFNOR test(1). Using a standard BOD technique with acclimated sewage inoculum, a theoretical BOD of 0% was measured for methyl vinyl ketone over a 5-day incubation period(2).

Photooxidation by UV light in aq medium at 50 °C: 16.8% degradation to carbon dioxide after 24 hr

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of methyl vinyl ketone with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 1.88X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 20 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of methyl vinyl ketone with ozone has been estimated as 4.7X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(2). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2.4 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(3). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of methyl vinyl ketone with nitrate has been estimated as 1.62X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(4). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2.1 days at an atmospheric concentration of 2.4X10+8 nitrate molecules per cu cm(5). Methyl vinyl ketone is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(6).

An estimated BCF of 3.2 was calculated in fish for methyl vinyl ketone(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 0.41(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of methyl vinyl ketone can be estimated to be 3.8(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that methyl vinyl ketone is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for methyl vinyl ketone is 4.65X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that methyl vinyl ketone is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 18 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 8.1 days(SRC). Methyl vinyl ketone's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Methyl vinyl ketone is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 152 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

Median concentrations of methyl vinyl ketone were measured in mg/kg dry fuel for fireplace smoke; 46.61 from soft wood, 54.58 from hard wood and synthetic wood 2.32; and measured for hard wood burned in wood stoves at 174.23(1). Methyl vinyl ketone was detected but not quantified in building materials with microbial growth(2).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Methyl vinyl ketone was detected in four urban sites of Stockholm, Sweden located near dense traffic with concentrations ranging from 0.12 ppb to 0.64 ppb(1). It was also detected at a concentration of 0.07 ppb at a site located in a recreation area 12 Km outside of central Stockholm(1). Methyl vinyl ketone was detected in ambient air samples in Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia, Canada(2), Marietta, Georgia(3), and in Nansenstasze and Frankfurter Allee, Berlin, Germany(4).

RURAL/REMOTE: Methyl vinyl ketone was found in ambient air samples from Fernbank Forest, Atlanta, GA(1), Balbina, Amazonia, Brazil(2), Surinam, Amazonia, Brazil(3), Frohnau, Berlin, Germany(4) and rural sites in CA(5). Methyl vinyl ketone was found in concentrations from 0.29-3.77 ppbv in Scotia Game Range, PA(6). Methyl vinyl ketone was found in Kinterbish Wildlife Management Area, AL June-July 1990 at mean concentrations of 0.98 ppbv(7) and 0.74ppbv(8) June-July 1992.

Methyl vinyl ketone has been identified, not quantified, in chicken and pork(1).

Methyl vinyl ketone has been identified in the volatile emissions from southern red oak(1), aspen(2) and European oak(2) trees.

Methyl vinyl ketone was found in charybdis feriatus crabs at 0.1 ug/kg, 0.1 ug/kg, and 6.7 ug/kg in the leg, body and carapace, respectively(1).

ENVIRONMENTAL: In a pilot study of pollutants in the milk of women living in 4 urban industrial areas in the USA, methyl vinyl ketone was detected in 1 of 8 samples(1).

Occupational exposure to methyl vinyl ketone may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where methyl vinyl ketone is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to methyl vinyl ketone via inhalation of ambient air and ingestion of food. (SRC)

In a pilot study of pollutants in the milk of women living in 4 urban industrial areas in the USA, methyl vinyl ketone was detected in 1 of 8 samples(1).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY. /Methyl vinyl ketone; Methyl vinyl ketone, stabilized/

Table: Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Methyl vinyl ketone; Methyl vinyl ketone, stabilized [Table#2023]

/GUIDE 131P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ First Aid: Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Wash skin with soap and water. Keep victim warm and quiet. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. /Methyl vinyl ketone; Methyl vinyl ketone, stabilized/

/GUIDE 131P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Spill or Leak: Fully encapsulating, vapor protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire. ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Small spills: Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal. Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. Large spills: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. /Methyl vinyl ketone; Methyl vinyl ketone, stabilized/

/GUIDE 131P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Fire: CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. Small fires: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. Large fires: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams. Fire involving tanks or car/trailer loads: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. /Methyl vinyl ketone; Methyl vinyl ketone, stabilized/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for METHYL VINYL KETONE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1251 131P

UN 1251; Methyl vinyl ketone, stabilized; Methyl vinyl ketone

IMO 6.1; Methyl vinyl ketone, stabilized; Methyl vinyl ketone

49 072 60; Methyl vinyl ketone, inhibited

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Poison Inhalation Hazard Flammable Liquid Corrosive

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Subsidiary Risks: 3 and 8; UN Pack Group: I