ammoniummetavanadate

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 4.4% (39 of 878) of reports.

H301 (94.9%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H315 (73.2%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (95.3%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (70.4%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H332 (22.6%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (73.8%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H341 (51.6%): Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H361 (10%): Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H361d (11.8%): Suspected of damaging the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H372 (21.8%): Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H411 (21.9%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 878 reports by companies from 28 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 39 of 878 reports by companies.

There are 27 notifications provided by 839 of 878 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H340: May cause genetic defects [Danger Germ cell mutagenicity]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P304+P340, P308+P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Vanadium compound, N.O.S./

Suitable extinguishing media: Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficultly). Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Vanadium compound, N.O.S./

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. /Vanadium compound, N.O.S./

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Waste material contaminated with vanadium shall be disposed of in a manner not hazardous to employees. The disposal method must conform with applicable local, state, and federal regulations and must not constitute a hazard to the surrounding population or environment. /Vanadium/

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for vanadium: Concentration process: chemical precipitation. /Vanadium/

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P119, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Vanadic Acid, Ammonium metavanadate is a poor candidate for incineration.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for AMMONIUM METAVANADATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing dusts, and fumes from burning material. Keep upwind. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. /Vanadium compound, N.O.S./

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. /Vanadium compound, N.O.S./

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner such that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for VANADIC ACID, AMMONIUM SALT (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.

Appropriate engineering controls: Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for AMMONIUM METAVANADATE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Containers of vanadium shall be kept tightly closed at all times when not in use. Containers shall be stored in a safe manner to minimize accidental breakage, spillage, or contact with moisture. Combustible materials, such as finely ground vanadium carbide, vanadium aluminum alloys, vanadium metal, or ferrovanadium should be kept away from heat, sparks, or flames. /Vanadium compounds/

Divalent and trivalent vanadium compounds are reducing agents and require storage under an inert atmosphere to avoid oxidation. /Divalent and trivalent vanadium compounds/

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Moisture sensitive. Keep in a dry place.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

0.058 [mg/m3]

0.64 [mg/m3]

12 [mg/m3]

Acute Inhalation: 0.0002 mg/m3 (L134)

Intermediate Oral: 0.003 mg/kg/day (L134)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

The employer shall use engineering controls if needed to keep the concentration of airborne vanadium at or below the limits specified and shall provide protective clothing and equipment resistant to the penetration of vanadium when necessary to prevent gross skin and eye contact with liquid vanadium solutions. Protective equipment suitable for emergency use shall be located at clearly identified stations outside the work area. /Vanadium/

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. /Vanadium dust/

Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. /Vanadium dust/

Respirator Recommendations: Up to 0.5 mg/cu m (as V): /Vanadium dust; Vanadium fume/[Table#5679]

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for VANADIC ACID, AMMONIUM SALT (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Eye/face protection: Face shield and safety glasses. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face particle respirator type N100 (US) or type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for AMMONIUM METAVANADATE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Ammonium metavanadate appears as a white crystalline powder. Slightly soluble in water and denser than water. Decomposes at 410 °F. May release toxic fumes. Moderately toxic. An irritant. Used as a dryer for paints and inks, and for dyes. Loses ammonia upon heating.

Dry Powder; Liquid

White or slightly yellow solid; [Merck Index] Tan, pale yellow, off-white, or white powder; [MSDSonline]

Orange solid; [ICSC]

Orange powder

White or slightly yellow, crystalline powder

White crystals

200 °C (with decomposition)

In water, 0.04 g/100 mL at 20 °C

In water, 4.8 g/100 g H20 at 20 °C

Soluble in 165 parts water; more soluble in hot water, and in dilute ammonia

Slightly soluble in cold water

Sparingly soluble in cold water (ca. 1%)

For more Solubility (Complete) data for AMMONIUM METAVANADATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2.326 g/cu cm

2.326 @25 °C

Vanadium usually occurs in the pentavalent state. Pentavalent vanadium is stable in aqueous solutions over a wide range of pH. /Pentavalent vanadium compounds/

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

When heated to decompostion it emits toxic fumes of /ammonia, vanadium, and nitrogen oxides/.

<7.0 in aqueous solution (acts as an acid to neutralize bases)

Within tissues in organisms, V3+ and V4+ predominate because of largely reducing conditions; in plasma, however, which is high in oxygen, V5+ is formed.

The metavanadate structure is different for the anhydrous and hydrated salts. In the anhydrous salts potassium metavanadate and ammonium metavanadate, the vanadium atoms are four-coordinate, with VO4 tetrahedra linking through two oxygen atoms. In the hydrated form, hydrated potassium metavanadate, the vanadium atoms are five-coordinate, with three shared oxygen atoms per vanadium and two terminal oxygen atoms. /Vanadates/

Thermal decomposition starts at 70 °C. Readily converted to V2O5 at elevated temperatures in oxidizing atmospheres. Heat of formation: -1551.0 kJ/mol at 25 °C.

Loses water and ammonia on heating.

At a concentration of 30 mg/L, ammonium metavanadate gives water a just discernible tint... .

For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for AMMONIUM METAVANADATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Nitrogen Compounds -> Ammonium Compounds

Metals -> Metals, Inorganic Compounds

Slightly soluble in water.

Salts, Acidic

Oxidizing Agents, Weak

Acidic inorganic salts, such as AMMONIUM METAVANADATE, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydrogen ions and have pH's of less than 7.0. They react as acids to neutralize bases. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of inorganic acids, inorganic oxoacids, and carboxylic acid.

Ammonium metavanadate is a weak oxidizing agent, and may react with strong or weak reducing agents to generate heat and products that may be flammable, combustible, or otherwise reactive.

May act as an oxidizing substance.

Vanadium5+ is reduced to vanadium4+ by relatively mild reducing agents. The 4+ state is the most stable oxidation state for vanadium. Nearly all of the complexes of vanadium4+ are derived from the vanadyl ion (VO2+). Most of these complexes are anionic and a few are non-electrolytes. Vanadium in this oxidation state forms a large number of five or six coordinate complexes, such as vanadyl acetylacetonate and vanadyl porphyrins found in crude petroleum. Vanadium3+ (e.g., V203) is completely basic and dissolves in acid to give the green hexa-aquo ion (V(H2O)6)3+. Vanadium3+ is a strong reducing agent that slowly attacks water with the liberation of hydrogen and the production of vanadium4+. The hexa-aquo ion of vanadium is easily oxidized to vanadium4+. /Vanadium ions/

Lithium, chlorine trifluoride. /Vanadium dust, Vanadium fume/

Incompatible materials: Strong acids and oxidizing agents.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Ammonium vanadate is an orange powder. It is used as a spray color revealing device in analytical toxicology of drugs. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: Ammonium vanadate (10 or 20 mg/L) in drinking water had no influence on tumor development of large-bowel neoplasms in mice treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) given by subcutaneous injection for 20 weeks. Although thymidine incorporation was increased, ammonium vanadate did not have any effect on the incidence or type of tumor induced by DMH. Rats fed 15 mg vanadium/kg as ammonium vanadate for 2 months showed increased ventricular pressure and pulmonary hypertension, but no changes in systemic circulation. When ammonium vanadate was administered orally to rats and mice in doses of 0.005-1 mg vanadium/kg for 21 days (higher levels) to 6 months (lower levels), a dose of 0.05 mg vanadium/kg was found to be the threshold for functional disturbances in the conditioned reflex activity in both rats and mice. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: A concentration of 0.02 mg/L ammonium vanadate interfered with the cell division of the fresh-water algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa, whereas 0.25 mg/L was lethal.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Ammonium metavanadate is a white or slightly yellow, crystalline powder. It is used in dyeing and printing on woolens; staining wood black; manufacture of vanadium black and "indelible ink"; producing vanadium luster on pottery; as photographic developer; in hematoxylin staining in microscopy; as a reagent in analytical chemistry. Because of its ready conversion to vanadium pentoxide at elevated temperatures, it is used as a substitute. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: One worker was exposed to large amounts of dry ammonium vanadate dust over a 6-hr period while shovelling powder into a bin. Within 2 hr of commencing work, retro-orbital headache, tears, dry mouth, and green discoloration of the tongue were reported. There was a marked green discoloration of the skin of the fingers, scrotum, and upper legs. His nose was reported to be stuffy, and he was lethargic. The next day, his testicles were swollen and tender, and, on the third day after exposure, he developed wheezing, dyspnea, and a cough productive of green sputum. He had several small hemoptyses over the following 2 weeks. Wheezing and dyspnea persisted for about 1 month; chest symptoms were at their worst 3 weeks after the incident. On examination 6 weeks after the last exposure, he was asymptomatic, with the exception of a partially blocked left nostril and the reddened appearance of nasal mucosa. Chest examination revealed no abnormality. Pulmonary function assessment showed normal lung volume, forced expiratory flow rate, and gas transfer. He had a mild eosinophilia of the peripheral blood. In human fibroblast cultures VO3- can induce DNA synthesis and cell growth. Ammonium metavanadate was not found to increase the frequency of structural chromosome aberrations in human leukocytes, whereas a significant increase in numerical aberrations, micronuclei, and satellite associations was found. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) applied to the human lymphocyte micronucleus assay, by means of an alphoid centromere-specific DNA probe, confirmed the aneuploidogenic potentiality of vanadium. ANIMAL STUDIES: Acute tubular necrosis, pulmonary hemorrhage, and necrosis of lymphoid tissue were demonstrated in mice receiving 20 mg vanadium/kg of ammonium metavanadate solutions. In a 3-month study, rats received ammonium metavanadate at a concentration of 200 mg/L (in terms of vanadium) in their drinking water. Animals exhibited retardation of body weight gain and anemia. Gross pathology examination revealed parenchymatous dystrophy of the liver and kidneys with the formation of cylinders in the tubules in some animals. Neurophysiological effects have been reported following acute exposure (oral and sc injection) of dogs and rabbits to vanadium oxides and salts including ammonium metavanadate. These include disturbances of the central nervous system (impaired conditioned reflexes and neuromuscular excitability). The teratogenicity of ammonium vanadate was studied in hamsters. Twenty pregnant hamsters per dose group received 0, 0.47, 1.88, and 3.75 mg/kg of ammonium vanadate by ip injection on gestation days 5 through 10. Pregnant females were killed on day 15. There was a statistically significant increase in skeletal abnormalities and a decrease in the male:female ratio. Ammonium metavanadate increased the convertant and revertant frequencies in the D7 strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae; the highest activity was observed without metabolic activation. The micronucleus test was found to be positive for ammonium metavanadate in bone marrow of mice following intragastric treatment. In contrast, no difference was found between controls and treated animals in the structural chromosome aberration test performed 24 and 36 hr after treatment. In studies with ammonium metavanadate at concentrations of 5-40 uM, weak mutagenesis was demonstrated at the hprt gene of Chinese hamster V79 cells, and at the gpt locus of hprt-/gpt+ transgenic cell line G12. Female mice given ammonium metavanadate ip at doses of 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg, every 3 days for 3, 6, or 9 weeks, showed a dose-related increase in resistance to E. coli endotoxin lethality up to 6 weeks and a dose-related decrease in resistance to Listeria lethality. Enlargement of the liver and spleen with enhanced formation of splenic megakaryocytes and red blood cell precursors was also observed.

Vanadium damages alveolar macrophages by decreasing the macrophage membrane integrity, thus impairing the cells' phagocytotic ability and viability. The pentavalent form of vanadium, vanadate, is a potent inhibitor of the Ca+-ATPase and Na+,K+-ATPase of plasma membranes, which decreases intracellular ATP concentration. Vanadium is also believed to induce the production of reactive oxygen species. This may damage DNA and also cause oxidative stress, which can damage the reproductive system. Vanadium also inhibits protein tyrosine phosphatases, producing insulin-like effects. (L837, A247, A248, A249, A250, A251)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Breathing high levels of vanadium affects the lungs, throat, and eyes. Ingestion of vanadium may cause kidney and liver damage, birth defects, or death. (L837)

Oral (L837) ; inhalation (L837) ; dermal (L837)

Inhalation of vanadium causes lung irritation, coughing, wheezing, chest pain, runny nose, and a sore throat. (L837)

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Chronic Bronchitis - Chronic bronchitis is persistent coughing and production of phlegm for at least 3 months out of the year for at least two successive years. (American Thoracic Society).

Asthma - Reversible bronchoconstriction (narrowing of bronchioles) initiated by the inhalation of irritating or allergenic agents.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LC50 (rat) = 7.8 mg/m3/4h

LC50 (rat) = 340 mg/m3/4h

LD50: 58.1 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T14)

LD50: 2102 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (T14)

LD50: 18 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Rat) (T14)

LD50: 23 mg/kg (Subcutaneous, Rat) (T14)

LC50: 7.8 mg/m3 over 4 hours (Inhalation, Rat) (T14)

LC50 Rat inhalation 0.34 mg/L/4 hr

LD50 Rat oral 162 mg/kg bw

LD50 Rat oral 58.1 mg/kg

LD50 Rat dermal 2102 mg/kg

LD50 Rat ip 18 mg/kg

LD50 Rat sc 23 mg/kg

LC50 Rat inhalation 7.8 mg/cu m/4 hr

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

Today, vanadium compounds are frequently included in nutritional supplements and are also being developed for therapeutic use in diabetes mellitus. Previously, tissue uptake of vanadium from bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) (BMOV) was shown to be increased compared to its uptake from vanadyl sulfate (VS). Our primary objective was to test the hypothesis that complexation increases vanadium uptake and that this effect is independent of oxidation state. A secondary objective was to compare the effects of vanadium complexation and oxidation state on tissue iron, copper, and zinc. Wistar rats were fed either ammonium metavanadate (AMV), VS, or BMOV (1.2 mM each in the drinking water). Tissue uptake of V following 12 wk of BMOV or AMV was higher than that from VS (p<0.05). BMOV led to decreased tissue Zn and increased bone Fe content. The same three compounds were compared in a cellular model of absorption (Caco-2 cells). Vanadium uptake from VS was higher than that from BMOV or AMV at 10 min, but from BMOV (250 uM only, 60 min), uptake was far greater than from AMV or VS. These results show that neither complexation nor oxidation state alone are adequate predictors of relative absorption, tissue accumulation, or trace element interactions.

Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated the potential anticarcinogenicity of vanadium, a dietary micronutrient in rat liver, colon, and mammary carcinogenesis models in vivo. In this paper, we have investigated further the antihepatocarcinogenic role of this essential trace element by studying several biomarkers of chemical carcinogenesis with special reference to cell proliferation and oxidative DNA damage. Hepatocarcinogenesis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by chronic feeding of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) at a dose of 0.05% in basal diet daily for 5 days a week. Vanadium in the form of ammonium metavanadate (0.5 ppm equivalent to 4.27 umol/L) was supplemented ad lib to the rats. Continuous vanadium administration reduced relative liver weight, nodular incidence (79.99%), total number, and multiplicity (p<0.001; 68.17%) along with improvement in hepatocellular architecture when compared to carcinogen control. Vanadium treatment further restored hepatic uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyl transferase and UDP-glucose dehydrogenase activities, inhibited lipid peroxidation, and prevented the development of glycogen-storage preneoplastic foci (p<0.01; 63.29%) in an initiation-promotion model. Long-term vanadium treatment also reduced bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labelling index (p<0.02) and inhibited cell proliferation during hepatocellular preneoplasia. Finally, short-term vanadium exposure abated the formations of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosines (p<0.001; 56.27%), length:width of DNA mass (p<0.01), and the mean frequency of tailed DNA (p<0.001) in preneoplastic rat liver. The study indicates the potential role of vanadium in suppressing cell proliferation and in preventing early DNA damage in vivo. Vanadium is chemopreventive against the early stages of 2-AAF-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.

Metallo-elements including Vanadium (V) have strong affinity for sulfhydryl (-SH) groups in biological molecules including Glutathione (GSH) in tissues. Because of this fact it was of interest to further investigate the interaction of Ammonium Vanadate [NH(4)VO(3)] with Glutathione as a biomarker of toxicity and the role of Glutathione in the detoxification and conjugation pr(o)Cesses in whole blood components including plasma and cytosolic fraction. Effects of different concentrations of Ammonium Vanadate [NH(4)VO(3)] on the level of reduced Glutathione in whole blood components (Plasma and Cytosolic fraction) were examined. GSH depletion in plasma and cytosolic fraction was Ammonium Vanadate's concentration-dependent. Depleted GSH level was more pronounced with more incubation time period. These findings show that changes in the GSH status produced by Ammonium Vanadate could be due to either by adduct formation of Vanadium and glutathione, i.e., (V-SG) or by increased production of oxidized Glutathione (2GSH +V(+5) /produces/ GSSG). This change in GSH metabolic status provides some information regarding the mechanism of toxicity by Ammonium Vanadate and the protective role of glutathione.

Expression pattern of heat shock proteins (Hsp) 72/73 and glucose regulated protein (Grp) 94 was studied in liver, kidney and testis of rats injected with sublethal doses of ammonium metavanadate (5 mg/kg/day). In addition, some batches of animals were given green tea decoction, known to be rich in anti-oxidative compounds, as sole beverage in order to evaluate its protective properties. In control animals, the stress proteins expression was found to be organ-dependent: anti-Grp94 antibody revealed two bands at 96 and 98 kDa in kidney and liver whereas the 98 kDa band only was found in testis; anti-Hsp72/73 antibody revealed that the constitutive Hsp73 was present in all organs whereas the inducible Hsp72 was only present in kidney and testis. In kidney of vanadium-treated rats, Hsp73 was over-expressed by about 50% whereas Hsp72 was down-regulated by 50-80%. No such effects were observed in liver and testis. In liver and kidney of vanadium-treated rats, Grp94 was over-expressed by 50% and 150%, respectively, whereas no change was found in testis. In rats given green tea as sole beverage, the 96 kDa protein expression level in liver was reduced both in controls and in vanadium-treated animals. However, green tea drinking failed to prevent the vanadium-induced Hsp72 under-expression in kidney of vanadium-treated rats.

For more Interactions (Complete) data for AMMONIUM METAVANADATE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/

For advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepan (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

Biological monitoring of vanadium in serum, blood, and urine has been used to monitor vanadium levels in the general population or in occupationally exposed workers. Vanadium levels in these matrices have not, however, been shown to correlate with vanadium levels in the air and as such are of limited usefulness as quantitative biomarkers of exposure. /Vanadium compounds/

Because of cases of bronchial asthma and bronchitis in worker population exposed to vanadium compounds, periodic testing of pulmonary function is recommended. /Vanadium compounds/

The assessment of vanadium exposure can be accomplished through measurement of vanadium. This test may be useful for assessing /exposure/ to larger than normal amounts of vanadium, but there was no information found in the literature showing a correlation of these levels with environmental levels or onset of clinical effects. Blood Reference Ranges: Normal - less than 1 ug/L; Exposed - not established; Toxic - not established. Serum or Plasma Reference Ranges: Normal - less than 0.24 ug/L; Exposed - not established; Toxic - not established. Urine Reference Ranges: Normal - 0.06 to 0.87 ug/L; Exposed - Workers exposed to average 8 hr air concentrations of 6.0 to 6.4 mg/cu m had urine vanadium levels between 2.6 to 4.6 ug/L in specimens that were collected at the start of the next work day. BAT for vanadium pentoxide (sampling time for long term exposures: after several shifts, measured as vanadium): 70 ug/g creatinine; Toxic - In a study involving controlled human exposure to vanadium pentoxide, where levels caused development of mild respiratory effects, the peak urine vanadium level was 130 ug/L at 3 days after exposure. /Vanadium/

Pulmonary Function Tests: The tests that have been found to be practical for population monitoring include: spirometry and expiratory flow-volume curves; determination of lung volumes; diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide; single-breath nitrogen washout; inhalation challenge tests; serial measurements of peak expiratory flow; exercise testing. /Vanadium/

Differentiating vanadium pulmonary toxicity from infection or allergy of the respiratory tract is difficult in that presenting signs and symptoms are similar. A specific vanadium exposure history must be elicited from affected individuals. Examination may reveal a patient with clear watery discharge from the eyes and nose. Mucosal surfaces may be erythematous. Auscultation of lung fields will reveal rhonchi or wheezing. /Vanadium compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ In 1956... /a study/ reported symptoms of respiratory tract irritation (sneezing, minor epistaxis, and coughing) and eye irritation experienced by men occupationally exposed to dust containing a mixture of vanadium pentoxide, sodium, and ammonium metavanadate. These men were exposed to vanadium-bearing dust concentrations ranging from 3.6-25.1 mg/cu m, 95% of which consisted of particles below 5 um. /Vanadium dusts/

/CASE REPORTS/ The case histories of four men were reported... . One worker was exposed to large amounts of dry ammonium vanadate dust over a 6-hr period while shovelling powder into a bin. Within 2 hr of commencing work, retro-orbital headache, epiphora (tears), dry mouth, and green discoloration of the tongue were reported. There was a marked green discoloration of the skin of the fingers (despite the use of gloves), scrotum, and upper legs. His nose was reported to be stuffy, and he was lethargic. The next day, his testicles were swollen and tender, and, on the third day after exposure, he developed wheezing, dyspnea, and a cough productive of green sputum. He had several small hemoptyses over the following 2 weeks. Wheezing and dyspnea persisted for about 1 month; chest symptoms were at their worst 3 weeks after the incident. On examination 6 weeks after the last exposure, he was asymptomatic, with the exception of a partially blocked left nostril and the reddened appearance of nasal mucosa. Chest examination revealed no abnormality. Pulmonary function assessment showed normal lung volume, forced expiratory flow rate, and gas transfer. He had a mild eosinophilia of the peripheral blood. The other three workers also reported broadly similar findings (e.g., green discoloration of the tongue and skin, respiratory difficulties) associated with exposure to vanadium pentoxide.

/GENOTOXICITY/ The genotoxicity of four vanadium compounds, sodium metavanadate (NaVO3), ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3), sodium orthovanadate (Na3VO4) and vanadyl sulfate (SVO5), was evaluated in human lymphocyte cultures using structural and numerical chromosome aberrations, micronuclei, sister-chromatid exchanges and satellite chromosome associations as endpoints. These compounds were not found to increase the frequency of structural chromosome aberrations whereas a significant increase in numerical aberrations, micronuclei and satellite associations was found. Since these results could have been related to a possible mechanism of the action of vanadium as a mitotic spindle poison, the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique was applied to the human lymphocyte micronucleus assay, by means of an alphoid centromere-specific DNA probe. The four vanadium salts showed a micronucleus percentage with positive signal (presence of centromere and thus of whole chromosome(s)) that was always higher than 68% at all doses tested. That confirmed the aneuploidogenic potentiality of vanadium.

/GENOTOXICITY/ ...Ammonium metavanadate... /was/ not found to increase the frequency of structural chromosome aberrations /in human leukocytes/, whereas a significant increase in numerical aberrations, micronuclei, and satellite associations was found. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) applied to the human lymphocyte micronucleus assay, by means of an alphoid centromere-specific DNA probe, confirmed the aneuploidogenic potentiality of vanadium.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for AMMONIUM METAVANADATE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50; Species: Leuciscus idus (Carp); Conditions: static; Concentration: 17 mg/L for 96 hr

LC50; Species: Cordylophora caspia (Freshwater hydroid) exponential growth phase (log); Concentration: 5.8 mg/L for 10 days /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

EC50; Species: Cordylophora caspia (Brackish water hydroid); Conditions: saltwater, static, 20 °C, pH 8, salinity 20 ppt; Concentration: 7960 ug/L for 9 days (95% confidence interval: 6510-9650 ug/L); Effect: population; decreased population growth rate /total vanadium ion/

EC50; Species: Cordylophora caspia (Brackish water hydroid); Conditions: saltwater, static, 20 °C, pH 8, salinity 10 ppt; Concentration: 4500 ug/L for 9 days (95% confidence interval: 3490-5580 ug/L); Effect: population; decreased population growth rate /total vanadium ion/

EC50; Species: Cordylophora caspia (Brackish water hydroid); Conditions: saltwater, static, 20 °C, pH 8, salinity 5 ppt; Concentration: 4680 ug/L for 9 days (95% confidence interval: 3700-5780 ug/L); Effect: population; decreased population growth rate /total vanadium ion/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for AMMONIUM METAVANADATE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ A concentration of 0.02 mg/L, as ammonium vanadate, interfered with the cell division of the fresh-water algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa, whereas 0.25 mg/L was lethal.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ This paper deals with the underlying biochemical mechanism of the cytotoxicity of vanadium (as ammonium monovanadate) in a warm water teleost, Clarias batrachus (Linn). Lipid peroxidation, a well-known biochemical marker for cell injury, was found to be significantly enhanced in fish liver, kidney, and brain after 12 hr and maximally induced after 72 hr exposure of this compound (10 mg/L). When the fish were exposed to 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/L of vanadium compound for 72 hr, lipid peroxidation in these three organs were elevated dose-dependently but the degree of increase varied between organs. The induction of both enzymatic (paraquat-NADPH) and nonenzymatic (ascorbate-Fe2+) in vitro lipid peroxidation was enhanced by this vanadium salt when added in micromolar concentrations (42 or 85 uM) to the liver, kidney, and brain microsomal preparations. Both in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that kidney tissue was most severely affected with acute vanadium intoxication, followed by liver and brain.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ A concentration of 0.02 mg/L, as ammonium vanadate, interfered with the cell division of the fresh-water algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa, whereas 0.25 mg/L was lethal. /Ammonium vanadate/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ This paper deals with the underlying biochemical mechanism of the cytotoxicity of vanadium (as ammonium monovanadate) in a warm water teleost, Clarias batrachus (Linn). Lipid peroxidation, a well-known biochemical marker for cell injury, was found to be significantly enhanced in fish liver, kidney, and brain after 12 hr and maximally induced after 72 hr exposure of this compound (10 mg/L). When the fish were exposed to 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/L of vanadium compound for 72 hr, lipid peroxidation in these three organs were elevated dose-dependently but the degree of increase varied between organs. The induction of both enzymatic (paraquat-NADPH) and nonenzymatic (ascorbate-Fe2+) in vitro lipid peroxidation was enhanced by this vanadium salt when added in micromolar concentrations (42 or 85 uM) to the liver, kidney, and brain microsomal preparations. Both in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that kidney tissue was most severely affected with acute vanadium intoxication, followed by liver and brain. /Ammonium monovanadate/

/OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ There is little known regarding vanadium toxicity to soil biota, and the present study was set up to determine the toxicity of added vanadate to soil organisms and to investigate the relationship between toxicity and vanadium sorption in soils. Five soils with contrasting properties were spiked with 7 different doses (3.2-3200 mg V/kg) of dissolved vanadate, and toxicity was measured with 2 microbial and 3 plant assays. The median effective concentration (EC50) thresholds of the microbial assays ranged from 28 mg added V/kg to 690 mg added V/kg, and the EC50s in the plant assays ranged from 18 mg added V/kg to 510 mg added V/kg. The lower thresholds were in the concentration range of the background vanadium in the untreated control soils (15-58 mg V/kg). The vanadium toxicity to plants decreased with a stronger soil vanadium sorption strength. The EC50 values for plants expressed on a soil solution basis ranged from 0.8 mg V/L to 15 mg V/L and were less variable among soils than corresponding values based on total vanadium in soil. It is concluded that sorption decreases the toxicity of added vanadate and that soil solution vanadium is a more robust measure to determine critical vanadium concentrations across soils. /Vanadate/

/PLANTS/ Red mud (RM) is a byproduct of aluminum production; worldwide between 70 and 120 million tons is produced annually. ...RM which was released in the course of the Kolontar disaster in Hungary into the environment /was analyzed/ in acute and genotoxicity experiments with plants which are widely used for environmental monitoring. ...Induction of micronuclei /was found/ which reflect chromosomal damage in tetrads of Tradescantia and in root cells of Allium as well as retardation of root growth with contaminated soils and leachates. Chemical analyses showed that RM contains metals, in particular high concentrations of vanadium. Follow-up experiments indicated that vanadate causes the effects in the plants. This compound causes also in humans DNA damage and positive results were obtained in carcinogenicity studies. Since it was found also in RM from other production sites our findings indicate that its release in the environment is a global problem which should be studied in more detail. /Vanadate/

Ammonium metavanadate's production and use as in dyes, inks, varnishes and paints, as a photographic developer and as a catalyst and reagent(1,2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

Log Kd values for ammonium vanadate determined in 11 soils from 10 soil orders were as follows(1):[Table#5859]

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 3 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of ammonium metavanadate in the United States may be as low as 25-49 workers and as high as 50-99 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 3,895 workers (1,548 of these are female) are potentially exposed to ammonium metavanadate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to ammonium metavanadate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ammonium metavanadate is produced or used(2). Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to ammonium metavanadate via dermal contact with consumer products containing ammonium metavanadate(SRC).

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Waste material contaminated with vanadium shall be disposed of in a manner not hazardous to employees. The disposal method must conform with applicable local, state, and federal regulations and must not constitute a hazard to the surrounding population or environment. /Vanadium/

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for vanadium: Concentration process: chemical precipitation. /Vanadium/

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P119, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Vanadic Acid, Ammonium metavanadate is a poor candidate for incineration.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for AMMONIUM METAVANADATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 151 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. /Vanadium compound, n.o.s./

/GUIDE 151 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Vanadium compound, n.o.s./

/GUIDE 151 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. /Vanadium compound, n.o.s./

/GUIDE 151 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Vanadium compound, n.o.s./

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for VANADIC ACID, AMMONIUM SALT (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 154 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. For UN3171, if Lithium ion batteries are involved, also consult GUIDE 147.

/GUIDE 154 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 154 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.

/GUIDE 154 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for AMMONIUM METAVANADATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 3285; Vanadium Compounds, NOS

IMO 6.1; Vanadium compounds, NOS

UN 2859; Ammonium metavanadate

IMO 6.1; Ammonium metavanadate

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Vanadium compounds, NOS is included on the dangerous goods list. /Vanadium compounds, NOS/

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Vanadium compounds, NOS is included on the dangerous goods list. /Vanadium compounds, NOS/

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Ammonium metavanadate is included on the dangerous goods list.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Ammonium metavanadate is included on the dangerous goods list.