Propionyl chloride

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P363, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H302 (87.7%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (67.5%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331 (87.7%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 203 reports by companies from 11 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P280, P303+P361+P353, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]:

Note: Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases. CAUTION: For Acetyl chloride (UN1717), use CO2 or dry chemical only.

SMALL FIRE: CO2, dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Dry powder

To fight fire, use CO2, dry chemical, do not use water.

Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Carbon oxides, Hydrogen chloride gas

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors.

· DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Small Spill

· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

HCl - when spill Propionyl chloride into water.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 1815 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

When spilled in water

Small spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 30 m (100 ft)

Large spill:

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.1 km (0.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 0.1 km (0.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 0.3 km (0.2 mi)

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations. Do not flush with water.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands. Full contact

Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Use explosion-proof equipment. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.

Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors. DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Never allow product to get in contact with water during storage. Reacts violently with water. Storage class (TRGS 510): Flammable liquids

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

0.13 [mg/m3]

1.5 [mg/m3]

8.8 [mg/m3]

· Note: Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases.

CAUTION: For Acetyl chloride (UN1717), use CO2 or dry chemical only.

Small Fire

· CO2, dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Eye/face protection: Tightly fitting safety goggles. Faceshield (8-inch minimum). Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Propionyl chloride appears as a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. Corrosive and very irritating to skin and eyes. Used to make other chemicals.

Liquid with a pungent odor; [Merck Index] Colorless liquid; [Alfa Aesar MSDS]

Colorless liquid

Pungent odor

80 °C @760 [mm Hg]

54 °F (NFPA, 2010)

54 °F (12 °C)

Soluble in ether

1.0646 g/cu cm at 20 °C

1.065 @25 °C

3.2 (Air = 1)

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Decomposes in water and alcohol.

When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of Cl-

Corrosive

Index of refraction: 1.4032 at 20 °C

Vigorously decomposed and dissolved by water or alcohol

Vigorously reacts with water to form propionic acid and hydrochloric acid. Based on a scenario where the chemical is spilled into an excess of water (at least 5 fold excess of water), half of the maximum theoretical yield of hydrogen chloride gas will be created in 0.09 minutes.

Schoenflies notation

Chemical bond

Chemical shift

Diamagnetic susceptibility

Internuclear distance

Lineshape

Magnetic susceptibility

Molecular structure

Nuclear quadrupole coupling

Nuclear quadrupole moment

Nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy

Optical coefficient

Point group

Quadrupole coupling

Refractive index

Rotational excitation cross section

Vibrational mode frequency

Viscosity

Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Acid Halides

Flammable agents - 3rd degree

Reactive agents - 2nd degree

Highly flammable. Vigorously reacts with water to form propionic acid and hydrochloric acid [Merck 11th ed. 1989].

Based on a scenario where the chemical is spilled into an excess of water (at least 5 fold excess of water), half of the maximum theoretical yield of Hydrogen Chloride gas will be created in 0.09 minutes. Experimental details are in the following: "Development of the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Distances for the 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook", ANL/DIS-09-2, D.F. Brown, H.M. Hartmann, W.A. Freeman, and W.D. Haney, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, June 2009.

Acyl Halides, Sulfonyl Halides, and Chloroformates

Highly Flammable

Water-Reactive

Acid halides, such as PROPIONYL CHLORIDE, are water reactive; some are violently reactive. They are incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, alcohols, amines, and alkali. May react vigorously or explosively if mixed with diisopropyl ether or other ethers in the presence of trace amounts of metal salts [J. Haz. Mat., 1981, 4, 291].

Exothermic reaction with diisopropyl ether produces much gas. The reaction may be dangerous if confined.

Reacts with water or steam to produce toxic and corrosive fumes.

Can react vigorously with oxidizing materials.

Vigorously dec and dissolved by water or alcohol.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for Propionyl chloride (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Propionyl chloride is used in chemical synthesis. HUMAN STUDIES: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: It was corrosive in an eye irritation test in rabbits. In dermal irritation test in rabbits severe necrosis was observed after 1, 5 and 15 min of exposure. Propionyl chloride was negative in mutagenicity test in S. typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100 and E. coli WP2 uvr A with and without metabolic activation.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LC50 Rat inhalation 200/mg cu m /4 hrs/

LD50 Rat oral 823 mg/kg

LD50 Mice i.p. 96 mg/kg bw

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... .Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ /Eye irritation test in rabbits/ Corrosive.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Animals /rabbits/ were treated for 1, 5, and 15 min using occlusive conditions. An application site of 2.5x2.5 cm was covered with the liquid test substance. After the application time (1, 5 and 15 min) the skin was washed with Lutrol (50%). The animals were observed for 8 days and skin changes were recorded daily. The report describes findings after 24 hours and at the end of the observation period (8 days). After 24 hours and 8 days, (severe) necrosis was observed after 1, 5 and 15 min of exposure and redness was observed at the edges (both animals). The study was not performed for the 20 hours exposure duration, due to the severe effects observed after 1, 5 and 15 minutes exposure.

/GENOTOXICITY/ Negative in S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100 and E. coli WP2 uvr A /with and without metabolic activation/

Propionyl chloride's production and use as a chemical intermediate for the introduction of the propionyl group (e.g., in the production of pharmaceuticals) and for the synthesis of propionate esters may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 97 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates propionyl chloride will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase propionyl chloride will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 27 days. Propionyl chloride hydrolyzes in moist air. If released to soil, leaching in soil and volatilization from moist soil are not expected to be important fate processes because propionyl chloride reacts and decomposes in water. Propionyl chloride is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released to water, propionyl chloride reacts vigorously with water to form propionic acid and hydrochloric acid. This decomposition reaction will be the dominant fate process in water. Occupational exposure to propionyl chloride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where propionyl chloride is produced or used. Available use data indicate that the general population is not exposed to propionyl chloride. (SRC)

Propionyl chloride's production and use as a chemical intermediate(1) for the introduction of the propionyl group(e.g., in the production of pharmaceuticals) and for the synthesis of propionate esters may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Propionyl chloride is used as an intermediate in the production of agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals and it serves as an intermediate for dyes, textile auxiliaries and peroxide compounds(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Propionyl chloride reacts vigorously with water to form propionic acid and hydrochloric acid(1); therefore, leaching in soil and volatilization from moist soil are not expected to be important fate processes(SRC). Propionyl chloride is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 97 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2).

AQUATIC FATE: Propionyl chloride reacts vigorously with water to form propionic acid and hydrochloric acid(1). This decomposition reaction will be the dominant fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), propionyl chloride, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 97 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase propionyl chloride is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 27 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.9X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(2). Propionyl chloride hydrolyzes in moist air(3) yielding propionic acid and hydrochloric acid(4).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of propionyl chloride with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.9X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 27 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Propionyl chloride reacts vigorously or violently with water to form propionic acid and hydrochloric acid(2). Based on a scenario where the chemical is spilled into an excess of water (at least 5 fold excess of water), half of the maximum theoretical yield of hydrogen chloride gas will be created in 0.09 minutes(2). Propionyl chloride vapors hydrolyze in moist air(3).

Propionyl chloride reacts vigorously or violently with water to form propionic acid and hydrochloric acid(1); therefore, bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC).

Propionyl chloride reacts vigorously or violently with water to form propionic acid and hydrochloric acid(1); therefore, leaching in soil is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC).

Propionyl chloride reacts vigorously or violently with water to form propionic acid and hydrochloric acid(1); therefore, volatilization of propionyl chloride from water or moist soil is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). Propionyl chloride is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 97 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2).

Occupational exposure to propionyl chloride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where propionyl chloride is produced or used. Available use data indicate that the general population is not exposed to propionyl chloride. (SRC)

Propionyl chloride's production and use as a chemical intermediate for the introduction of the propionyl group (e.g., in the production of pharmaceuticals) and for the synthesis of propionate esters may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 97 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates propionyl chloride will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase propionyl chloride will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 27 days. Propionyl chloride hydrolyzes in moist air. If released to soil, leaching in soil and volatilization from moist soil are not expected to be important fate processes because propionyl chloride reacts and decomposes in water. Propionyl chloride is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released to water, propionyl chloride reacts vigorously with water to form propionic acid and hydrochloric acid. This decomposition reaction will be the dominant fate process in water. Occupational exposure to propionyl chloride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where propionyl chloride is produced or used. Available use data indicate that the general population is not exposed to propionyl chloride. (SRC)

Propionyl chloride's production and use as a chemical intermediate(1) for the introduction of the propionyl group(e.g., in the production of pharmaceuticals) and for the synthesis of propionate esters may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Propionyl chloride is used as an intermediate in the production of agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals and it serves as an intermediate for dyes, textile auxiliaries and peroxide compounds(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Propionyl chloride reacts vigorously with water to form propionic acid and hydrochloric acid(1); therefore, leaching in soil and volatilization from moist soil are not expected to be important fate processes(SRC). Propionyl chloride is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 97 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2).

AQUATIC FATE: Propionyl chloride reacts vigorously with water to form propionic acid and hydrochloric acid(1). This decomposition reaction will be the dominant fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), propionyl chloride, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 97 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase propionyl chloride is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 27 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.9X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(2). Propionyl chloride hydrolyzes in moist air(3) yielding propionic acid and hydrochloric acid(4).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of propionyl chloride with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.9X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 27 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Propionyl chloride reacts vigorously or violently with water to form propionic acid and hydrochloric acid(2). Based on a scenario where the chemical is spilled into an excess of water (at least 5 fold excess of water), half of the maximum theoretical yield of hydrogen chloride gas will be created in 0.09 minutes(2). Propionyl chloride vapors hydrolyze in moist air(3).

Propionyl chloride reacts vigorously or violently with water to form propionic acid and hydrochloric acid(1); therefore, bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC).

Propionyl chloride reacts vigorously or violently with water to form propionic acid and hydrochloric acid(1); therefore, leaching in soil is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC).

Propionyl chloride reacts vigorously or violently with water to form propionic acid and hydrochloric acid(1); therefore, volatilization of propionyl chloride from water or moist soil is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). Propionyl chloride is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 97 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2).

Occupational exposure to propionyl chloride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where propionyl chloride is produced or used. Available use data indicate that the general population is not exposed to propionyl chloride. (SRC)

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY.

Table: Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Propionyl chloride (when spilled in water) ID: 1815 [Table#8412]

Table of Water-Reactive Materials Which Produce Toxic Gases.

Table: Materials Which Produce Large Amounts of Toxic-by-Inhalation (TIH) Gas(es) When Spilled in Water [Table#8413]

/GUIDE 132 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Fire or Explosion: Flammable/combustible material. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 132 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or ingested/swallowed. Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Propionyl chloride (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1815; Propionyl chloride

IMO 3; Propionyl chloride

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Propionyl chloride is included on the dangerous goods list.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Propionyl chloride is included on the dangerous goods list.

Flammable Liquid Corrosive