Methyl Acetate

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264+P265, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.5% (14 of 2686) of reports.

H225 (99.5%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H319 (99.5%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H336 (99.4%): May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 2686 reports by companies from 51 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 14 of 2686 reports by companies.

There are 50 notifications provided by 2672 of 2686 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P319, P321, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse contaminated clothes (fire hazard) with plenty of water. Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Volatile chemicals have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Water flush promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, flush the contaminated skin with water promptly. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water promptly. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use alcohol-resistant foam, foam, powder, carbon dioxide, fine water spray. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame, consider evacuation of one-third mile radius.

Vapors are heavier than air and will collect in low areas. Vapors may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire.

Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture: Carbon oxides

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Remove all ignition sources. Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours of low boiling point adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Remove all ignition sources. Establish forced ventilation to keep levels below explosive limit. Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, peat, carbon or a similar materail and deposit in sealed containers. Keep this chemical out of a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion.

Accidental Release Measures: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapours accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapours can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equippwith an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed.

Methyl acetate is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for METHYL ACETATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner such that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Vapor hazard index is defined as concentration of saturated vapor divided by TLV multiplied by 1000. The dimension of the vapor hazard index is temperature dependent and is an indication of vapor hazard potential. Vapor hazard index= number= 1.1 At 20 °C.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for METHYL ACETATE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants, strong acids and strong bases.

Store in a flammable liquid storage area or approved cabinet away from ignition sources and corrosive and reactive materials. ... Methyl acetate must be stored to avoid contact with strong oxidizers (such as chlorine, bromine, and fluorine) and strong acids (such as hydrochloric, sulfuric, and nitric), since violent reactions occur. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from strong alkalis and nitrates. Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where methyl acetate is used, handled or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard. Use only nonsparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of methyl acetate.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities: Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Moisture sensitive.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

100.0 [ppm]

250 [ppm]

1700 [ppm]

10000 [ppm]

200 ppm (610 mg/m³)

250 ppm (760 mg/m³)

TWA 200 ppm (610 mg/m3) ST 250 ppm (760 mg/m3)

200.0 [ppm]

TWA 200 ppm (610 mg/m3) See Appendix G

3100 ppm ; Based on 10% of the lower explosive limit. (NIOSH, 2024)

3100.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Human data: It has been reported that concentrations of 10,000 ppm for a short time caused irritation which persisted after exposure stopped [Clayton and Clayton 1981].

3100 ppm (IDLH based on 10% of the lower explosive limit for safety considerations even though the relevant toxicological data indicated that irreversible health effects or impairment of escape existed only at higher concentrations.)

3100 ppm

3100 ppm [10%LEL]

See: 79209

250.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 200 ppm; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 250 ppm.

200 ppm as TWA; 250 ppm as STEL.

200 ppm [2012]

250 ppm [2012]

310 mg/m

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

West Germany (1974): 200 ppm, East Germany (1973): 65 ppm; Czechoslovakia (1969): 65 ppm; USSR (1972): 33 ppm.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

Methyl acetate appears as a clear colorless liquid with a fragrant odor. Moderately toxic. Flash point 14 °F. Vapors heavier than air.

CBI; Wet Solid; Liquid

Colorless liquid with a fragrant, fruity odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

colourless liquid with a pleasant, fruity odour

Colorless liquid with a fragrant, fruity odor.

Colorless, volatile liquid

Pleasant odor

Fragrant, fruity odor

FLEETING, FRUITY TASTE

134.4 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

56.9-57.5 °C

57.8 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-144 °F (NTP, 1992)

-98.2 °C

-98.7 °C

14 °F (NTP, 1992)

14 °F (-10 °C) (closed cup)

22 °F (OPEN CUP)

-13 °C (9 °F) (Closed cup)

14 °F (-10 °C) (Closed cup)

-13 °C c.c.

greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 70 °F (NTP, 1992)

In water, 2.43X10+5 mg/L at 20 °C

Miscible with alcohol, ether

Very soluble in ethyl ether, ethanol

243 mg/mL at 20 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 24.4 (poor)

miscible with alcohol, ether; soluble in water

1 ml in 10ml 50% alcohol (in ethanol)

0.927 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.9342 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.93

0.927-0.932

0.92438 @25 °C

2.8 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

2.55 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.6

170 mmHg at 68 °F ; 235 mmHg at 77 °F (NTP, 1992)

216.0 [mmHg]

Highly flammable. Water soluble.

Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters

Highly Flammable

METHYL ACETATE presents a fire or explosion hazard when exposed to strong oxidizing agents. Emits irritating fumes and acrid smoke when heated to decomposition, [Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 826]. Its reactivity is consistent with other compounds of the ester group.

Forms explosive mixture with air. a strong reducing agent. Incompatible with water, acids, nitrates, strong oxidizers, alkalis. Attacks some plastics. Attacks many metals in teh presence of water. Reacts slowly with water, forming acetic acid and methanol.

Nitrates; strong oxidizers, alkalis & acids; water [Note: Reacts slowly with water to form acetic acid & methanol.]

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents.

Safe in the present practices of use and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and use information are available in documents discoverable at https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Methyl Acetate is a colorless, volatile liquid, which is used as a solvent for nitrocellulose, acetylcellulose; in many resins and oils and in the manufacture of artificial leather. It is also used in paint remover compounds, lacquer solvent, intermediate, and synthetic flavoring. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: The vapor is mild irritant to the eyes and respiratory system and at high concentrations can cause CNS depression. Accidental human exposure to methyl acetate vapor for 45 minutes resulted in severe headache and somnolence lasting about 6 hr. In another case report, a teenage girl experienced acute blindness following inhalation of vapor from lacquer thinner. It was determined that methanol and methyl acetate vapors caused optic neuropathy that led to the blindness. At high concentrations, methyl acetate may cause mild to severe methanol intoxication from ingestion, inhalation, or possible skin contact. ANIMAL STUDIES: Inhalation exposure of 4 rats to a saturated atmosphere of methyl acetate (in 25 L bottles) induced narcotic effects in the animals after 10 to 20 min. After decapitation at this time-point concentrations of 70-80 mg methyl acetate/100 mL were found in the blood. Similar experiments with inhalation exposure to methanol showed that the narcotic effects are mainly induced by methyl acetate. Cats exposed to 10,560 ppm methyl acetate vapor suffered from irritation of the eyes and salivation. Rats were exposed (at 10,000 ppm in ambient air) to a thinner containing methyl acetate (12.6%) in a plastic container for 10 min at 10 min intervals (2 times/day, 6 days/wk, for 12-14 mo). Body weight gain was suppressed compared to controls. Electron microscopic exam of slices of the cerebral cortex showed increased abnormal cristae of mitochondria in the neurons and axons and increased number of endoplasmic reticula and ribosomes and dilated Golgi apparatus in the neurons. Increased lysosomes and lipid materials were observed in neurons, suggesting a degenerative process. Methyl acetate did not produce an increase in revertants in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1537 and TA 1538, and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA, in the absence or presence of metabolic activation. Methyl acetate was tested up to 5,000 ug/plate. Negative results were obtained in a study using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97, TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1538 with or without metabolic activation system, when tested up to 10,000 ug/plate. This study employed a 20-minute preincubation period. Biotransformation of methyl acetate takes place by rapid hydrolysis of the compound into methanol and acetic acid by the nonspecific carboxylic esterases in the blood and tissues.

Methyl acetate

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Sore throat. Cough. Headache. Drowsiness.

Redness. Dry skin.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal pain. Nausea. Vomiting. Weakness. Further see Inhalation.

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat; headache, drowsiness; optic nerve atrophy; chest tightness; In Animals: narcosis

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Methyl Acetate

PDF Document

Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential

SCREEN Current

HEAST Archive

LCLo (rat) = 32,000 ppm/4H

LC50 Cat inhalation > 30 mg/L 10hr

LC50 Mouse inhalation > 24 mg/L 8hr

LD50 Rat dermal > 2,000 mg/kg

LC50 Rat inhalation > 49 mg/L 4hr

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for METHYL ACETATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Methyl alcohol and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Methyl alcohol and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orortracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Hyperventilation may be beneficial for treating acidosis. Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Methyl alcohol and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Respiratory uptake was investigated for 10 polar organic solvents with high blood/air partition coefficients (lambda(blood/air)): ethyl acetate (lambda(blood/air), 77), methyl iso-butyl ketone (90), methyl acetate (90), methyl propyl ketone (150), acetone (245), iso-pentyl alcohol (381), iso-propyl alcohol (848), methyl alcohol (2590), ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGBE, 7970), and propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME, 12380). Test-air concentrations (Cinh) were 25 to 200 ppm. Four healthy male volunteers inhaled the test air for 10 min at rest and then room air for 5 min. The percentage of solvent in the end-exhaled air and in the mixed-exhaled air increased after the start of the test-air respiration, and reached a quasi-steady-state level within a few min. The speeds of these increases at the start of the test-air respiration became lower as lambda(blood/air) increased. The mean uptakes (U) for the last five min of the test air respiration were 67.3, 52.9, 60.4, 53.0, 52.6, 63.0, 60.3, 60.8, 79.7, and 81.3%, respectively, for ethyl acetate, methyl iso-butyl ketone, methyl acetate, methyl propyl ketone, acetone, iso-pentyl alcohol, iso-propyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, EGBE and PGME. Thus, U values of the alcohols were higher than those of the ketones and lower than the glycol ethers. The overall view, except for esters, showed that U increased with lambda(water/air) increases. This tendency can be explained by a hypothesis that solvent absorbed in the mucus layer of the respiratory tract is removed by the bronchial blood circulation. U values of ethyl acetate and methyl acetate were higher than those of methyl iso-butyl ketone and methyl propyl ketone, though the lambda(blood/air) values of these esters were nearly equal to those of the ketones. For the respiration of the esters, their metabolites, ethyl alcohol and methyl alcohol, were detected in the exhaled air. The exhalation percentage of the metabolites increased after the start of test-air respiration and reached a quasi-steady-state level of 2 and 3%, respectively, by the 5th min. These data suggest that removal of the solvent via metabolism in the wall tissue of the respiratory tract plays an important role for the esters.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ At high concentrations, methyl acetate may cause mild to severe methanol intoxication form ingestion, inhalation, or possible skin contact. The vapor is mildly irritant to the eyes and respiratory system and at high concentrations can cause CNS depression.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Cases of slight poisoning under industrial conditions ... were manifested by headache, drowsiness, vertigo, eye burns, lacrimation, palpitation, constricted feeling in chest and dyspnea. One case of blindness has been reported.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Women working in a shoe-factory suffered from eye irritation, visual disorders, CNS symptoms, difficulties of breathing and heart trouble and identified a liquid mixture of methylformate, ethylformate, ethyl acetate and methyl acetate.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for METHYL ACETATE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Inhalation exposure of 4 rats to a probably saturated atmosphere of methyl acetate (in 25 L bottles) induced /CNS depressant/ effects in the animals after 10 to 20 min. After decapitation at this time-point concentrations of 70-80 mg methyl acetate/100 mL were found in the blood. Similar experiments with inhalation exposure to methanol showed that the narcotic effects are mainly induced by methyl acetate.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Cats exposed to /inhalation of methyl acetate/ 53,790 ppm for 14-18 min /showed/ irritation, salivation, dyspnea, convulsions in 50%, /CNS depression/, lethal in 1-9 min, later with diffuse pulmonary edema. 34,980 ppm for 29-30 min /produced/ irritation, salivation, dyspnea, convulsions in 50%, narcosis, histology: lateral emphysema or edema. /From table/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Cats exposed to /inhalation of methyl acetate/ 18480 ppm for 4 to 4.5 hr showed eye irritation, dyspnea, vomiting and convulsions in 50%, /CNS depression/, slow recovery; at 9900 ppm for 10 hr, eye irritation, salivation, somnolence, recovery;at 5000 ppm for 20 min, eye irritation and salivation. /From table/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ In ... cats exposured to 10,560 ppm /methyl acetate/ vapor caused irritation of the eyes and salivation. ...

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for METHYL ACETATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from, as of October 22, 2014: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=79-20-9]

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnows); Concentration: 399 mg/L for 96 hr (confidence limit 378-422 mg/L) /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnows); Concentration: 399 mg/L for 96 hr (confidence limit 378-422 mg/L) /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

EC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnows); Concentration: 399 mg/L for 96 hr (confidence limit 378-422 mg/L); Effect: affected fish lost schooling behavior, swam near the surface, and had increased respiration. Equilibrium loss was not observed prior to death. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow); Concentration: 320 mg/L for 96 hr (confidence limit: 295-348 mg/L) /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

EC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow); Concentration: 320 mg/L for 96 hr (confidence limit: 295-348 mg/L); Effect: Hemorrhaging occurred along the flesh line above swim bladder in stressed and dead fish. Affected fish lost equilibrium prior to death. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

7.80e+04

1.20e+06

2.00e+04

4.00e+01

4.10e+00

1.00e+00

Volatile

2.90e+04

2.30e+05

3.50e+06

6.00e+04

Methyl acetate's production and use as a solvent for nitrocellulose, acetylcellulose, resins and oils, in the manufacture of artificial leather; as a catalyst for the biodegradation of organic materials; as a flavoring agent useful in rum, brandy, whiskey; and as a chemical intermediate may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Methyl acetate occurs naturally in mint, fungus, grapes, bananas and coffee. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 216.2 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates methyl acetate will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase methyl acetate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 41 days. Methyl acetate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, methyl acetate is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 9.1. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a measured Henry's Law constant of 1.15X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. Methyl acetate may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Methyl acetate achieved >70% after 28 days in an OECD 301D Closed bottle test, suggesting that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil and water. If released into water, methyl acetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5 hours and 5 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis half-lives for methyl acetate were 1.7 years and 63 days at pH values of 7 and 8. Occupational exposure to methyl acetate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where methyl acetate is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to methyl acetate via inhalation of ambient air and ingestion of food and dermal contact with consumer products containing methyl acetate. (SRC)

Methyl acetate may be released to the environment from natural sources. It has been detected as a volatile constituent of nectarines(1,3) and Kiwi fruit flowers(2). Methyl acetate occurs naturally in mint, fungus, grapes and bananas(3).

Methyl acetate's production and use as a solvent for nitrocellulose, acetylcellulose, resins and oils, in the manufacture of artificial leather(1); as a catalyst for the biodegradation of organic materials(2); as a flavoring agent useful in rum, brandy, whiskey(3); and as a chemical intermediate(4) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 9.1(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.18(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that methyl acetate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of methyl acetate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a measured Henry's Law constant of 1.15X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(4). Methyl acetate is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an measured vapor pressure of 216.2 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). Methyl acetate achieved >70% after 28 days in an OECD 301D Closed bottle test(6), suggesting that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 9.1(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.18(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that methyl acetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon a measured Henry's Law constant of 1.15X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5 hours and 5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Methyl acetate achieved >70% after 28 days in an OECD 301D Closed bottle test(7), suggesting that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), methyl acetate, which has a vapor pressure of 216.2 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase methyl acetate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 41 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.6X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Methyl acetate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Methyl acetate achieved >70% after 28 days in an OECD 301D Closed bottle test(1). Methyl acetate reached > 95% degradation in a 5 day BOD test(2).

ANAEROBIC: Methyl acetate is listed as a compound that should undergo ultimate anaerobic biodegradation in industrial wastewater(1). Methyl acetate achieved 96% anaerobic utilization efficiency after a 90 day acclimation period in completely mixed reactors(2). Methyl acetate, present at 50 ppm C, was completely degraded in anaerobic aquifer slurries at a rate of 16.6 ppm C/day and an acclimation period of 0 to 15 days(3).

PURE CULTURE: Alcaligenes faecalis, isolated from activated sludge, was found to oxidize methyl acetate after a short lag period(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of methyl acetate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.6X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 41 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 1.3X10-1 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 1.7 years and 63 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2). Methyl acetate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3.2 was calculated in fish for methyl acetate(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.18(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of methyl acetate is estimated as 9.1(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.18(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that methyl acetate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for methyl acetate is 1.15X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that methyl acetate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). Methyl acetate's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of methyl acetate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 216.2 mm Hg(3).

DRINKING WATER: Methyl acetate was detected, not quantified, in the drinking water from multiple sources in the United States(1).

SURFACE WATER: Methyl acetate was detected, not quantified, in a waste pond from an abandoned pesticide plant in 1981 located at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, CO(1).

Methyl acetate was detected in the waste stream of industrial waste after deep-well injection between 1971 to 1972 at <0.5 mg/L DOC(1). Methyl acetate was detected, not quantified, in the effluent gas from refuse waste obtained from a food center(2). Methyl acetate was detected in active blower exhaust between October and November 1989 at a concentration of 144 ug/cu m from a wastewater treatment sludge/wood chip compost pile located at the Peninsula Composting Facility(3). Methyl acetate was also detected in the biowaste during the aerobic composting process (ACP) at a concentration of 24 mg/cu m(4). Methyl acetate was detected, not quantified, as a volatile organic compound in kitchen waste, kitchen waste exudate, stored food exudate(5), and in garden waste exudate(6). Methyl acetate was also detected in 4 out of 4 biodegradable waste samples collected from household waste at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1 mg/cu m and in 5 out of 7 mixed kitchen waste samples at a concentration of <0.1 mg/cu m(7). Methyl acetate was detected as an emission from the production of RDX at the Holston Army Ammunition Plant, TN at an emission rate of 733 lbs/day(8).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Methyl acetate was detected as a volatile organic compound collected from UK cities at 0.0018%(1). Methyl acetate was detected in the emissions collected from the Gubrist highway tunnel, Switzerland, in 2004; the emission factor was reported to be 0.03 mg/kg(2).

INDOOR: Methyl acetate was detected from the emissions from carpet with a PVC backing in an environmental chamber; the emission rate was 0.08 mg/cu m in a 24 hour time period(1). Methyl acetate was also detected, not quantified, from the emissions from furniture coatings in an environmental chamber(2). Methyl acetate was detected, not quantified, in household consumer products, specifically liquid all purpose adhesive(3).

RURAL/REMOTE: Methyl acetate was detected, not quantified, in forest air samples collected from the Eggegbirge in North Rhine-Westfalia, Germany(1).

SOURCE DOMINATED: Methyl acetate was detected, not quantified, in the air of the industrialized Kanawha Valley, WV in 1977(1).

Methyl acetate was reported in fresh grapefruit juice at a concentration of 0.026 ppm(1). Methyl acetate was detected in the emissions of corn silage, alfalfa silage, cereal silage and almond shells at concentrations of 3.14, 6.15, 0.29 and 0.10 nL/L(2). Methyl acetate was detected, not quantified, as a volatile component in floured chickpea seed(3), chicken meat(4), Cabernet Sauvignon wine from Napa Valley, CA(5). Methyl acetate is reported as found in coffee(6).

Methyl acetate was reported in the volatile fraction from Kiwi Fruit flowers (Actinidia chinensis) at 0.57% of the total area(1).

Plants with methyl acetate(1).[Table#284]

Methyl acetate was detected, not quantified in cow milk(1).

Methyl acetate was identified as a solvent in a sample of printer's inks at a concentration of 0.1% (W/W)(1).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equippwith an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed.

Methyl acetate is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for METHYL ACETATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for METHYL ACETATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1231; Methyl acetate

IMO 3; Methyl acetate

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

Symbol: F, Xi; R: 11-36-66-67; S: (2)-16-26-29-33

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: II