nitroethane

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P317, P330, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H226 (100%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H302+H332 (32.4%): Harmful if swallowed or if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H331 (18.3%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H332 (81.7%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H361fd (22.6%): Suspected of damaging fertility; Suspected of damaging the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H412 (49.8%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P316, P317, P318, P321, P330, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 460 reports by companies from 13 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P337+P317, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P308+P316, P319, P321, P330, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Refer immediately for medical attention.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use powder, foam, carbon dioxide, water spray. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

Fire extinguishing agents not to be used: water may be ineffective. "alcohol" foam is not effective.

Fight fires from a location safe from explosions. Use water with unmanned monitors and hoseholders to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Fires which containers are not exposed, use water spray, dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for NITROETHANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Flashback along vapor trail may occur.

Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture: Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides (NOx).

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Ventilation. Remove all ignition sources. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Remove all ignition sources. Establish forced ventilation to keep levels below explosive limit. absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, peat, carbon, or a similar material, and deposit in sealed containers.

After covering the spill with soda ash, mix and spray with water.

Spill or Leak Procedures: Eliminate all ignition sources. Use water spray to cool and disperse vapors and protect personnel. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.

Accidental Release Measures. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Beware of vapours accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapours can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

For small quantities, absorb on paper towels & burn in suitable combustion chamber which allows burning in an unconfined condition & is equipped with appropriate effluent gas cleaning device. Large quantities ... may be disposed o by diluting with fuel oil & by atomizing in suitable combustion chamber.

Incineration: large quantities of material may require nitrogen oxide removal by catalytic or scrubbing processes.

Waste treatment methods. Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner such that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for NITROETHANE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Well closed. Separated from : see Chemical Dangers.

Storage Recommendations: Detached storage preferred. Separate from other flammables and oxidizing materials.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities: Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

10.0 [ppm]

40 [ppm]

170 [ppm]

1000 [ppm]

100 ppm (310 mg/m³)

TWA 100 ppm (310 mg/m3)

100.0 [ppm]

1000 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

1000.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Other animal data: Guinea pigs survived both a 2­hour and a 3­hour exposure to 5,000 ppm [Machle et al. 1940]. Rats exposed to 2,200 ppm for 6 hours had no noticeable difficulty [IMCC 1979]. \\ Human data: None relevant for use in determining the revised IDLH;

1000 ppm

See: 79243

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 100 ppm.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

100 ppm as TWA.

100 ppm [1979]

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the blood. This may result in the formation of methaemoglobin. Exposure at high levels could cause lowering of consciousness. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

The substance may have effects on the upper respiratory tract, blood, liver and kidneys.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Nitroethane:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET (FLAMMABLE) - Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard (i.e., for liquids with a flash point <100 °F).

Nitroethane appears as a colorless oily liquid with a pleasant odor. Flash point of 82 °F. Decomposes above 350 °F. Density 1.052 g / cm3. Vapors much heavier than air. and insoluble in water. Vapors may irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Used as a propellant and as a solvent.

Colorless, oily liquid with a mild, fruity odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless, oily liquid with a mild, fruity odor.

Colorless liquid

Oily liquid

Moderate to strong disagreeable odor

Mild, fruity odor

Pleasant odor

239 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

114.1 °C

114 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-130 °F (NTP, 1992)

-89.42 °C

106 °F (NTP, 1992)

82 °F (28 °C) (Closed cup)

31 °C (88 °F) (Closed cup)

28 °C c.c.

Slightly soluble (NTP, 1992)

Solubility of water in nitroethane 0.9% (by wt); specific heat: 138.5 J/(mol-C) at 25 °C; heat of formation: -141.8 kJ/mol at 25 °C; dielectric constant 28.06 at 30 °C

In water, 4.8X10+4 mg/L at 25 °C

Miscible in methanol, ethanol, ethyl ether; soluble in chloroform and aqueous solutions of alkalies

Soluble in acetone

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 4.5

1.05 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.0448 g/cu cm at 25 °C

Bulk density: 8.75 lb/gal at 20 °C

1.051 g/cm³

Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20 °C (air = 1): 1.03

1.046 @25 °C

2.58 (Air= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.6

21 mmHg at 77 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

20.8 [mmHg]

20.8 mm Hg at 25 °C /Extrapolated/

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 2.08

21 mmHg at 77 °F

20.8 [mm Hg] @25 °C

(77 °F): 21 mmHg

log Kow = 0.18

Highly flammable. Water soluble.

Nitro, Nitroso, Nitrate, and Nitrite Compounds, Organic

Highly Flammable

Strong Oxidizing Agent

The nitroparaffins, nitromethane, nitropropane, etc. form salts with inorganic bases such as calcium hydroxide. The dry salts are explosive [Chem. Eng. News 30:2344. 1952]. Nitroethane and other nitro compounds are mild oxidizers and should not be heated with easily oxidizable hydrocarbons under confinement [Chem. Eng. News 30:2344. 1940].

Amines; strong acids, alkalis & oxidizers; hydrocarbons; combustibles; metal oxides.

A nitroparaffin, nitroethane forms esplosive mixture with air. Explodes when heated or when shocked; in confined area, with elevated temperatures. A strong reducing agent. Violent reaction with oxidizers, hydrocarbons, other combustibles, amines, metal oxides. Forms shck sensitive compounds with strong acids, strong alkalis. Attacks some plastics and coatings.

Incompatible with calcium hydroxide, hydrocarbons, inorganic bases, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, metal oxides, Explodes when heated.

Shock-sensitive compounds are formed with strong inorganic alkalis, acids or combination of amines and heavy metal oxides. ...Reacts with bases, combustible substances, oxidants, causing fire and explosion hazard.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for NITROETHANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Amines; strong acids, alkalis & oxidizers; hydrocarbons; combustibles; metal oxides

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Nitroethane is a colorless oily liquid. It is used as solvent, artificial fingernail glue remover; in organic syntheses. It is also used experimentally as liquid propellant. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Adverse effects resulting from human exposure to nitroethane have been primarily through accidental ingestion of artificial nail remover products by children. Methemoglobinemia results from accidental oral exposure and can be successfully treated with iv methylene blue therapy. Because methemoglobinemia may be delayed, individuals who ingest nitroethane should be monitored closely for at lease 24 hours after ingestion. if nitroethane is spilled on clothing and allowed to remain, it may cause smarting and reddening of skin. If inhaled will cause coughing or difficult breathing. Liquid: if swallowed will cause nausea and vomiting. Inhalation causes moderate irritation of respiratory tract. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach. ANIMAL STUDIES: Nitroethane was considered less toxic to rats ip or by inhalation than 1- and 2-nitropropanes. Even in cases of acute intoxication, only low levels of methemoglobin were induced by nitroethane. The 2 year study in male and female rats found no biologically significant effects of nitroethane exposure on organ weights, and no significant difference in the nonneoplastic or neoplastic pathology related to exposure to nitroethane. Developmental study in mice found no effect on the dams and there was no evidence of nitroethane-induced terata, variation in sex ratio, embryotoxicity or inhibition of fetal growth and development. Negative results were obtained from studies of nitroethane in Salmonella typhimurium/mammalian microsome (Ames) test (with and without microsomal activation), and in an in vivo mutagenic (micronucleus) test.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, by ingestion and through the skin.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Sore throat. Drowsiness. Unconsciousness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Sore throat. Abdominal pain. Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Further see Inhalation.

dermatitis; In Animals: lacrimation (discharge of tears); dyspnea (breathing difficulty), pulmonary rales, edema; liver, kidney injury; narcosis

Skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, kidneys, liver

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

LCLo (rat) = 13,000 ppm/6H

LD50 Mouse ip 310 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 860 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 1100 mg/kg

When 3 consecutive generations of Swiss mice were exposed to a mixture of 7.8 ppm diethylhydroxylamine and 11.5 ppm nitroethane for 8.25 hr/day from conception to sexual maturity, no statistically significant differences in any of the litter sizes were found. Furthermore, there were no increases in embryotoxicity or terata in the second and third generations.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Treat frostbite with rapid rewarming techniques ... . /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orortracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. / Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for NITROETHANE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Adverse effects resulting from human exposure to nitroethane have been primarily through accidental ingestion of artificial nail remover products by children. Methemoglobinemia results from accidental oral exposure and can be successfully treated with iv methylene blue therapy. Because methemoglobinemia may be delayed, individuals who ingest nitroethane should be monitored closely for at least 24 hours after ingestion.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Liquid or solid ... if spilled on clothing and allowed to remain, may cause smarting and reddening of skin.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ If inhaled will cause coughing or difficult breathing. Liquid: if swallowed will cause nausea and vomiting. Inhalation causes moderate irritation of resp tract. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ...Exposure typically results in /nervous system disturbances/.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for NITROETHANE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ 500 ppm nitroethane /is reported/ to be a safe & well-tolerated concn for commonly tested species, incl monkey; concn of 1000 ppm is lethal for some species. ... Liver damage occurred in all animals dying of overexposure.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The lethal oral dose for rabbits was 0.50-0.75 g/kg. Rabbits were more sensitive than guinea pigs when exposed to nitroethane by inhalation (only 2 of each species were exposed). All animals exposed to 30,000 ppm for 1.5 hr died but exposure to 25,000 for 2 hr was lethal only to rabbits. All animals exposed to the higher doses showed lacrimation and conjunctival discharge, dyspnea and, in some rabbits, audible rales. Conjunctival and respiratory tract irritation were evident early during exposure. At necropsy, marked acute pulmonary congestion with edema was a notable finding, however, it was not sufficient alone to account for death. In 2 animals exposed by inhalation, hemorrhage of the anterior turbinates was seen. Nitroethane caused significant cerebral congestion and edema. Some degree of liver damage was evident in all animals exposed to large nitroethane conc, regardless of the route of administration. Necrosis and fatty degeneration of the liver were common pathological findings. Changes in the kidneys consisted of edema, pallor and cloudy swelling. Application of nitroethane to the skin produced no injuries or deaths and no significant pathological changes.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ A single dose of nitroethane (200 mg/kg) was administered ip to 3 month old male Wistar rats, and liver and brain tissue were sampled at 4, 24 and 48 hr later. Nitroethane caused a decrease in hepatic glutathione conc by 4 hr but by 24 hr they had overshot baseline levels and returned to baseline levels by 48 hr. NADPH cytochrome c reductase and 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activities were both decreased at 48 hr. Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase and epoxide hydrolase activities were elevated at 48 hr. Brain acid proteinase and acetylcholine esterase activities had increased by 4 hr and stayed elevated through 48 hr.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Nitroethane is irritating on continued inhalation, but there is no skin absorption. It is somewhat more toxic than nitromethane, producing respiratory tract irritation and... /CNS depression/ (in animals).

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for NITROETHANE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EPA has released the first beta version (version 0.5) of the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The beta version of the iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays; See the data in Chemical Explorer/[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of June 27, 2014: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from, as of October 22, 2014: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=79-24-3]

Nitroethane was evaluated for chronic inhalation toxicity in groups of 25 male and 18 female Long Evans Hooded rats exposed to atmospheric concentrations of 0 (control) and 10 +/- 1 ppm, 12 hours/day, 6 days/week for a total of 855 hours. At 3 months, 2 each male and female, treated and control rats were given hematological and blood chemistry tests, and were then sacrificed for evaluation of gross or histological changes related to treatment. Other than insignificant depressions in hemoglobin in treated male and female rats and hematocrit in treated males relative to controls, no clinical findings were reported in exposed rats. Blood chemistry determinations for treated rats were comparable to controls at 3-month evaluation. Upon necropsy, a solitary hemangioendothelioma metastasized to regional lymph nodes was observed in a solitary treated male. This observation, unprecedented in historical controls, prompted further investigation of remaining animals with subsequent examinations at 977 hours and again at 1203 hours. No further tumors were noted, however study authors expressed concern relative to this solitary occurrence in a treated rat and plans for study of chronic inhalation exposure to 20 ppm in rats.

Nitroethane was evaluated for dermal absorption and systemic elimination in 2 adult female rhesus monkeys administered single dermal 4.9% 14C-nitroethane applications in 300 ul and 230 ul ether/ethanol solutions, respectively. Treatment applied to 20 cm x cm intact dermal sites under occluded patch was removed 12 hours later and unabsorbed radioactivity in the occlusive patch and cleansing materials was assayed. Blood samples, urine and feces were collected during the 72 hours following treatment and were assayed for radioactivity, as were excised application sites and the adjacent (1 cm) skin and subcutaneous fat tissues at 72 hours. Both treated and untreated skin samples were examined histologically. No overt toxicity including dermal irritation was reported in either animal. Feed and water ingestion were normal throughout 72-hour post-treatment observation and bodyweights remained static. Of the total dose, an average 0.117% or 16.20 ug nitroethane was recovered in excreta within 72 hours of which 77.2% was in collected urine and 22.8% was in fecal samples. The majority (91.4%) of urine radioactivity was collected 48 hours after treatment. Average maximal blood concentrations (41.3 ppb and 16.5 ppb) were attained for respective monkeys at 40 minutes and 1 hour post-treatment. At 4 hours, all traces of radioactivity were gone from the blood. Negligible amounts of the dermal nitroethane doses were recovered in excised skin (0.029%) and subcutaneous fat (far below 0.001%) at 72 hours. The soap/water and acetone swabs from 12-hour cleansing of dermal applications contained 0.021% of the total nitroethane doses and 0.041% was recovered in the occlusive patch. Study authors noted a marked loss (99.79% average in 2 monkeys) of the total nitroethane dose, likely attributable to a very high volatility of the test material and despite an occluded application. Additionally, these data did not account for exhaled radioactivity (nitroethane or the volatile metabolites). These criteria did, however, establish low dermal absorption under the conditions of this study.

Nitroethane was evaluated for primary dermal irritation in 6 albino rabbits (strain unspecified) administered 0.5 mL undiluted applications upon 2 each abraded and intact sites on either side of the middorsal line. The occluded application sites were unwrapped, cleansed of the treatment and immediately assessed for primary dermal irritation after 24 hours. At 72 hours, a solitary rabbit demonstrated slight erythema on both abraded sites at the second evaluation. An Average Irritation Index for 6 rabbits after 24 and 48 hours' observation was 0.1 and study authors deemed nitroethane a nonirritant.

Nitroethane was evaluated for intradermal sensitization potential. Male guinea pigs (10/group) were given 0 and 0.05 mL intradermal injections of 10% nitroethane in saline solution followed 48 hours by 10 successive 0.1 mL injections, administered 2X or 3X/week. Dermal irritation was quantified with erythema and edema indices according to the method of Draize at 24 and 48 hours following the initial injection. Two weeks following induction, or 42 days after the initial injection, control and inducted guinea pigs were challenged intradermally with 0.1 mL at a virgin site. Induction with 10% nitroethane was characterized by inflammatory erythema and edema upon a first injection, as it was upon 2nd and 3rd injections. Protocol was thus amended that the remaining 7 induction injections were administered as 1% nitroethane in saline solution. Following challenge, 24th and 48th hour evaluations found 2 and 1 control guinea pigs, respectively, with mild reactions at the site of injection. None of the induced animals demonstrated sensitization. Study authors concluded that nitroethane may be characterized as a nonsensitizer under the conditions of this study.

For more TSCA Test Submissions (Complete) data for NITROETHANE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Nitroethane's production and use as a solvent (for chemicals, resins, printing inks and other applications), as a chemical intermediate (for biocides, surfactants and plasticizers) and in blasting agents and rocket fuels may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 20.8 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates nitroethane will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase nitroethane will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 110 days. Nitroethane is expected to undergo direct photolysis in the atmosphere based on 76.1-83% degradation within 24 hours measured during photodegradation tests. If released to soil, nitroethane is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 20. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 4.76X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. Nitroethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Limited biodegradation data suggest that nitroethane may biodegrade under aerobic conditions but not under anaerobic conditions. Mineralization of nitroethane reached 23.9% in five days using an activated sludge inoculum, but less than 1% of the initial nitroethane was biodegraded in 28 days using the closed bottle test. In anaerobic soil, nitroethane was not biodegraded over a 35 day period. Direct photolysis is expected to occur on soil surfaces exposed to sunlight. If released into water, nitroethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 18 hrs and 8 days, respectively. A measured BCF of 1 suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to nitroethane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where nitroethane is produced or used. Use and monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to nitroethane via inhalation of air contaminated with tobacco smoke and dermal contact with consumer products containing nitroethane. (SRC)

Nitroethane's production and use as a solvent (for chemicals, resins, printing inks and other applications), as a chemical intermediate (for biocides, surfactants and plasticizers) and in blasting agents and rocket fuels may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 20.8 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates nitroethane will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase nitroethane will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 110 days. Nitroethane is expected to undergo direct photolysis in the atmosphere based on 76.1-83% degradation within 24 hours measured during photodegradation tests. If released to soil, nitroethane is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 20. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 4.76X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. Nitroethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Limited biodegradation data suggest that nitroethane may biodegrade under aerobic conditions but not under anaerobic conditions. Mineralization of nitroethane reached 23.9% in five days using an activated sludge inoculum, but less than 1% of the initial nitroethane was biodegraded in 28 days using the closed bottle test. In anaerobic soil, nitroethane was not biodegraded over a 35 day period. Direct photolysis is expected to occur on soil surfaces exposed to sunlight. If released into water, nitroethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 18 hrs and 8 days, respectively. A measured BCF of 1 suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to nitroethane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where nitroethane is produced or used. Use and monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to nitroethane via inhalation of air contaminated with tobacco smoke and dermal contact with consumer products containing nitroethane. (SRC)

Nitroethane's production and use as a solvent (for chemicals, resins, printing inks and other applications), as a chemical intermediate (for biocides, surfactants and plasticizers) and in blasting agents and rocket fuels(1,2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Nitroethane occurs in cigarette smoke(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 20(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that nitroethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Some adsorption may occur in high organic-content peat or clay(3,4). Volatilization of nitroethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 4.76X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(5). Nitroethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 20.8 mm Hg at 25 °C(6). Limited biodegradation data suggest that nitroethane may biodegrade under aerobic conditions but not under anaerobic conditions(SRC). Mineralization of nitroethane reached 23.9% in five days using an activated sludge inoculum, but less than 1% of the initial nitroethane was biodegraded in 28 days using the closed bottle test(7). In anaerobic soil, nitroethane was not biodegraded over a 35 day period(7). Nitroethane is expected to undergo direct photolysis on soil surfaces exposed to sunlight(SRC) based on 76.1-83% degradation within 24 hours measured during photodegradation tests(8,9).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 20(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that nitroethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 4.76X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 18 hrs and 8 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), a BCF of 1 measured in fish (golden orfe)(6), suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Limited biodegradation data suggest that nitroethane may biodegrade under aerobic conditions but not under anaerobic conditions(SRC). Mineralization of nitroethane reached 23.9% in five days using an activated sludge inoculum, but less than 1% of the initial nitroethane was biodegraded in 28 days using the closed bottle test(6). In anaerobic soil, nitroethane was not biodegraded over a 35 day period(6). Nitroethane is expected to undergo direct photolysis at water surfaces exposed to sunlight(SRC) based on 76.1-83% degradation within 24 hours measured during photodegradation tests(7,8). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), nitroethane, which has a vapor pressure of 20.8 mm Hg at 25 deg(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase nitroethane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 110 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.50X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Nitroethane is expected to undergo direct photolysis in the atmosphere based on 76.1-83% degradation within 24 hours measured during photodegradation tests(4,5).

14C-labeled nitroethane at 50 ppb was added to a suspension of activated sludge; 23.9% of the initial nitroethane was mineralized in 5 days(1). Aerobic and anaerobic degradation in soil was measured using 14C-labeled nitroethane(1); under aerobic conditions, 11.3% of the initial nitroethane was mineralized to CO2 after 35 days(1); under anaerobic conditions, nitroethane was not mineralized over a 35 day period(1). In the ready biodegradable closed bottle test (OECD Guideline 301D), nitroethane initially present at 2 mg/L was inoculated with sewage effluent(1); less than 1% degradation of nitroethane was measured after 28 days(1). Nitroethane present at 500 mg/L and inoculated with activated sludge from three municipal treatment plants was toxic to the microorganisms present over the 24 hour study period(2).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of nitroethane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 1.50X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 110 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The light-induced degradation of nitroethane in the gas phase was measured according to the Fujiki Test; this test uses three 360 nm and three 300 nm emitting lamps and Pyrex glass reaction tubes(2,3). After 24 hours, degradation of nearly 83%(2) and 76.1% was reported for nitroethane(3). When nitroethane was adsorbed onto silica gel and exposed to light from a mercury-vapor lamp for 17 hours, 9.5%(4) to 11%(2) degradation was reported(2). Nitroethane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(4).

A BCF value of 1 was measured for fish (golden orfe (Leuciscus idus)) in a static 3-day test with nitroethane present at 50 ppb(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of nitroethane can be estimated to be 20(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that nitroethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil. However, laboratory studies indicate that nitroethane may adsorb to some soil types(SRC). Using a high organic-content peat as a model for soil organic matter, nitroethane had a vapor sorption of nearly 80 mg vapor uptake/g dry peat at a relative pressure of 0.3 at 24 °C over a 2 to 3 week period; at a relative pressure of 1, a partition capacity of 272 mg/g peat was calculated(3). The nitro group of nitroethane may promote hydrogen bonding to clay and the polarity of the molecule may also allow hydrophilic-coordinative adsorption(4).

The Henry's Law constant for nitroethane is 4.76X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that nitroethane is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 18 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 8 days(SRC). Nitroethane's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Nitroethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 20.8 mm Hg at 25 °C(3).

Nitroethane occurs in cigarette smoke(1).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of nitromethane is 1 to 99; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 6,001 workers (1,652 of these are female) are potentially exposed to nitroethane in the US(1). Occupational exposure to nitroethane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where nitroethane is produced or used(SRC). Use and monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to nitroethane via inhalation of air contaminated with tobacco smoke and dermal contact with consumer products containing nitroethane(SRC).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

For small quantities, absorb on paper towels & burn in suitable combustion chamber which allows burning in an unconfined condition & is equipped with appropriate effluent gas cleaning device. Large quantities ... may be disposed o by diluting with fuel oil & by atomizing in suitable combustion chamber.

Incineration: large quantities of material may require nitrogen oxide removal by catalytic or scrubbing processes.

Waste treatment methods. Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for NITROETHANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2842; Nitroethane

IMO 3; Nitroethane

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

Symbol: Xn; R: 10-20/22; S: (2)-9-25-41

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: III